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SHA1 Hash:d19a05f2a20de5c6ec2880862627ab0494f449f4
Date: 2008-07-15 15:34:48
User: drh
Comment:Update the SQLite implementation to the 3.6.0 prerelease.
Timelines: ancestors | descendants | both | trunk
Other Links: files | ZIP archive | manifest

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Modified src/sqlite3.c from [228761cc28] to [2f3945b670].

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /******************************************************************************
 ** This file is an amalgamation of many separate C source files from SQLite
-** version 3.5.9.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
+** version 3.6.0.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
 ** single large file, the entire code can be compiled as a one translation
 ** unit.  This allows many compilers to do optimizations that would not be
 ** possible if the files were compiled separately.  Performance improvements
 ** of 5% are more are commonly seen when SQLite is compiled as a single
 ** translation unit.
@@ -9,17 +9,17 @@
 **
 ** This file is all you need to compile SQLite.  To use SQLite in other
 ** programs, you need this file and the "sqlite3.h" header file that defines
 ** the programming interface to the SQLite library.  (If you do not have
 ** the "sqlite3.h" header file at hand, you will find a copy in the first
-** 5638 lines past this header comment.)  Additional code files may be
+** 6137 lines past this header comment.)  Additional code files may be
 ** needed if you want a wrapper to interface SQLite with your choice of
 ** programming language.  The code for the "sqlite3" command-line shell
 ** is also in a separate file.  This file contains only code for the core
 ** SQLite library.
 **
-** This amalgamation was generated on 2008-05-14 16:30:52 UTC.
+** This amalgamation was generated on 2008-07-15 15:32:57 UTC.
 */
 #define SQLITE_CORE 1
 #define SQLITE_AMALGAMATION 1
 #ifndef SQLITE_PRIVATE
 # define SQLITE_PRIVATE static
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
 **
-** @(#) $Id: sqliteInt.h,v 1.704 2008/05/13 13:27:34 drh Exp $
+** @(#) $Id: sqliteInt.h,v 1.742 2008/07/12 14:52:20 drh Exp $
 */
 #ifndef _SQLITEINT_H_
 #define _SQLITEINT_H_
 
 /*
@@ -277,10 +277,30 @@
 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
 #else
 # define testcase(X)
 #endif
 
+/*
+** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
+** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
+** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
+** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
+** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
+** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
+** hint of unplanned behavior.
+**
+** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
+** be true and false so that the unreachable code then specify will
+** not be counted as untested code.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
+# define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
+# define NEVER(X)       (0)
+#else
+# define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
+# define NEVER(X)       (X)
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  GCC is able to
@@ -292,10 +312,26 @@
 #else
 # define likely(X)    !!(X)
 # define unlikely(X)  !!(X)
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * This macro is used to "hide" some ugliness in casting an int
+ * value to a ptr value under the MSVC 64-bit compiler.   Casting
+ * non 64-bit values to ptr types results in a "hard" error with
+ * the MSVC 64-bit compiler which this attempts to avoid.
+ *
+ * A simple compiler pragma or casting sequence could not be found
+ * to correct this in all situations, so this macro was introduced.
+ *
+ * It could be argued that the intptr_t type could be used in this
+ * case, but that type is not available on all compilers, or
+ * requires the #include of specific headers which differs between
+ * platforms.
+ */
+#define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)   ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
+#define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)   ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
 
 /*
 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on Posix if the
 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
@@ -434,11 +470,11 @@
 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
 ** part of the build process.
 **
-** @(#) $Id: sqlite.h.in,v 1.312 2008/05/12 12:39:56 drh Exp $
+** @(#) $Id: sqlite.h.in,v 1.371 2008/07/14 18:38:17 drh Exp $
 */
 #ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
 #define _SQLITE3_H_
 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
 
@@ -456,12 +492,11 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Make sure these symbols where not defined by some previous header
-** file.
+** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
 #endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
@@ -476,33 +511,32 @@
 ** that header file is associated.
 **
 ** The "version" of SQLite is a string of the form "X.Y.Z".
 ** The phrase "alpha" or "beta" might be appended after the Z.
 ** The X value is major version number always 3 in SQLite3.
-** The X value only changes when  backwards compatibility is
-** broken and we intend to never break
-** backwards compatibility.  The Y value is the minor version
-** number and only changes when
+** The X value only changes when backwards compatibility is
+** broken and we intend to never break backwards compatibility.
+** The Y value is the minor version number and only changes when
 ** there are major feature enhancements that are forwards compatible
-** but not backwards compatible.  The Z value is release number
-** and is incremented with
-** each release but resets back to 0 when Y is incremented.
+** but not backwards compatible.
+** The Z value is the release number and is incremented with
+** each release but resets back to 0 whenever Y is incremented.
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()] and [sqlite3_libversion_number()].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F10011} The SQLITE_VERSION #define in the sqlite3.h header file
-**          evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version
+** {F10011} The SQLITE_VERSION #define in the sqlite3.h header file shall
+**          evaluate to a string literal that is the SQLite version
 **          with which the header file is associated.
 **
-** {F10014} The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER #define resolves to an integer
-**          with the value  (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and
-**          Z are the major version, minor version, and release number.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_VERSION         "3.5.9"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER  3005009
+** {F10014} The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER #define shall resolve to an integer
+**          with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z
+**          are the major version, minor version, and release number.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_VERSION         "3.6.0"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER  3006000
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers {F10020}
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version
 **
@@ -518,17 +552,17 @@
 ** for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have direct access to string
 ** constants within the DLL.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F10021} The [sqlite3_libversion_number()] interface returns an integer
-**          equal to [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].
-**
-** {F10022} The [sqlite3_version] string constant contains the text of the
-**          [SQLITE_VERSION] string.
-**
-** {F10023} The [sqlite3_libversion()] function returns
+** {F10021} The [sqlite3_libversion_number()] interface shall return
+**          an integer equal to [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].
+**
+** {F10022} The [sqlite3_version] string constant shall contain
+**          the text of the [SQLITE_VERSION] string.
+**
+** {F10023} The [sqlite3_libversion()] function shall return
 **          a pointer to the [sqlite3_version] string constant.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char sqlite3_version[];
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
@@ -535,65 +569,81 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe {F10100}
 **
 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
-** the SQLITE_THREADSAFE C preprocessor macro is true, mutexes
+** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is true, mutexes
 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When that macro is false,
 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
-** to use SQLite from more than one thread.
-**
-** There is a measurable performance penalty for enabling mutexes.
+** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
+**
+** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
 ** The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
 **
 ** This interface can be used by a program to make sure that the
 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
-** the desired setting of the SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F10101} The [sqlite3_threadsafe()] function returns nonzero if
-**          SQLite was compiled with its mutexes enabled or zero
-**          if SQLite was compiled with mutexes disabled.
+** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
+**
+** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
+** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
+** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 then mutexes are enabled by default but
+** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
+** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
+** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  The return value of this function shows
+** only the default compile-time setting, not any run-time changes
+** to that setting.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F10101} The [sqlite3_threadsafe()] function shall return nonzero if
+**          SQLite was compiled with the its mutexes enabled by default
+**          or zero if SQLite was compiled such that mutexes are
+**          permanently disabled.
+**
+** {F10102} The value returned by the [sqlite3_threadsafe()] function
+**          shall not change when mutex setting are modified at
+**          runtime using the [sqlite3_config()] interface and
+**          especially the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD],
+**          [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED],
+**          and [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] verbs.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle {F12000}
 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
 **
-** Each open SQLite database is represented by pointer to an instance of the
-** opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
+** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
+** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
-** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors
-** and [sqlite3_close()] is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces
-** (such as [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
-** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on this
-** object.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
-
+** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
+** is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces (such as
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
+** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
+** sqlite3 object.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types {F10200}
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
 **
 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
 **
-** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type
-** definitions.  The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are
-** supported for backwards compatibility only.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F10201} The [sqlite_int64] and [sqlite3_int64] types specify a
-**          64-bit signed integer.
-**
-** {F10202} The [sqlite_uint64] and [sqlite3_uint64] types specify
+** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
+** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
+** compatibility only.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F10201} The [sqlite_int64] and [sqlite3_int64] type shall specify
+**          a 64-bit signed integer.
+**
+** {F10202} The [sqlite_uint64] and [sqlite3_uint64] type shall specify
 **          a 64-bit unsigned integer.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
   typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
@@ -607,11 +657,11 @@
 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
 
 /*
 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
-** substitute integer for floating-point
+** substitute integer for floating-point.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
 # define double sqlite3_int64
 #endif
 
@@ -618,43 +668,55 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection {F12010}
 **
 ** This routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
 **
-** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
-** [prepared statements] and
-** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [sqlite3_blob | BLOBs]
-** associated with the [sqlite3] object prior
-** to attempting to close the [sqlite3] object.
-**
-** <todo>What happens to pending transactions?  Are they
-** rolled back, or abandoned?</todo>
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F12011} The [sqlite3_close()] interface destroys an [sqlite3] object
-**          allocated by a prior call to [sqlite3_open()],
-**          [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
-**
-** {F12012} The [sqlite3_close()] function releases all memory used by the
-**          connection and closes all open files.
-**
-** {F12013} If the database connection contains
-**          [prepared statements] that have not been
-**          finalized by [sqlite3_finalize()], then [sqlite3_close()]
-**          returns [SQLITE_BUSY] and leaves the connection open.
-**
-** {F12014} Giving sqlite3_close() a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
+** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
+** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
+** the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
+** The [sqlite3_next_stmt()] interface can be used to locate all
+** [prepared statements] associated with a [database connection] if desired.
+** Typical code might look like this:
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+** sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
+** while( (pStmt = sqlite3_next_stmt(db, 0))!=0 ){
+** &nbsp;   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+** }
+** </pre></blockquote>
+**
+** If [sqlite3_close()] is invoked while a transaction is open,
+** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F12011} A successful call to [sqlite3_close(C)] shall destroy the
+**          [database connection] object C.
+**
+** {F12012} A successful call to [sqlite3_close(C)] shall return SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** {F12013} A successful call to [sqlite3_close(C)] shall release all
+**          memory and system resources associated with [database connection]
+**          C.
+**
+** {F12014} A call to [sqlite3_close(C)] on a [database connection] C that
+**          has one or more open [prepared statements] shall fail with
+**          an [SQLITE_BUSY] error code.
+**
+** {F12015} A call to [sqlite3_close(C)] where C is a NULL pointer shall
+**          return SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** {F12019} When [sqlite3_close(C)] is invoked on a [database connection] C
+**          that has a pending transaction, the transaction shall be
+**          rolled back.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12015} The parameter to [sqlite3_close()] must be an [sqlite3] object
-**          pointer previously obtained from [sqlite3_open()] or the
-**          equivalent, or NULL.
-**
-** {U12016} The parameter to [sqlite3_close()] must not have been previously
-**          closed.
+** {A12016} The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] must be either a NULL
+**          pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer previously obtained
+**          from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
+**          [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
 
 /*
 ** The type for a callback function.
@@ -664,116 +726,130 @@
 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface {F12100}
 **
-** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenient way of running
-** one or more SQL statements without a lot of C code.  The
-** SQL statements are passed in as the second parameter to
-** sqlite3_exec().  The statements are evaluated one by one
-** until either an error or an interrupt is encountered or
-** until they are all done.  The 3rd parameter is an optional
-** callback that is invoked once for each row of any query results
-** produced by the SQL statements.  The 5th parameter tells where
+** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenient way of running one or more
+** SQL statements without having to write a lot of C code.  The UTF-8 encoded
+** SQL statements are passed in as the second parameter to sqlite3_exec().
+** The statements are evaluated one by one until either an error or
+** an interrupt is encountered, or until they are all done.  The 3rd parameter
+** is an optional callback that is invoked once for each row of any query
+** results produced by the SQL statements.  The 5th parameter tells where
 ** to write any error messages.
+**
+** The error message passed back through the 5th parameter is held
+** in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  To avoid a memory leak,
+** the calling application should call [sqlite3_free()] on any error
+** message returned through the 5th parameter when it has finished using
+** the error message.
+**
+** If the SQL statement in the 2nd parameter is NULL or an empty string
+** or a string containing only whitespace and comments, then no SQL
+** statements are evaluated and the database is not changed.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is implemented in terms of
 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()].
-** The sqlite3_exec() routine does nothing that cannot be done
+** The sqlite3_exec() routine does nothing to the database that cannot be done
 ** by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()].
-** The sqlite3_exec() is just a convenient wrapper.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F12101} The [sqlite3_exec()] interface evaluates zero or more UTF-8
-**          encoded, semicolon-separated, SQL statements in the
-**          zero-terminated string of its 2nd parameter within the
-**          context of the [sqlite3] object given in the 1st parameter.
-**
-** {F12104} The return value of [sqlite3_exec()] is SQLITE_OK if all
-**          SQL statements run successfully.
-**
-** {F12105} The return value of [sqlite3_exec()] is an appropriate
-**          non-zero error code if any SQL statement fails.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F12101} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_exec(D,S,C,A,E)]
+**          shall sequentially evaluate all of the UTF-8 encoded,
+**          semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated
+**          string S within the context of the [database connection] D.
+**
+** {F12102} If the S parameter to [sqlite3_exec(D,S,C,A,E)] is NULL then
+**          the actions of the interface shall be the same as if the
+**          S parameter were an empty string.
+**
+** {F12104} The return value of [sqlite3_exec()] shall be [SQLITE_OK] if all
+**          SQL statements run successfully and to completion.
+**
+** {F12105} The return value of [sqlite3_exec()] shall be an appropriate
+**          non-zero [error code] if any SQL statement fails.
 **
 ** {F12107} If one or more of the SQL statements handed to [sqlite3_exec()]
 **          return results and the 3rd parameter is not NULL, then
-**          the callback function specified by the 3rd parameter is
+**          the callback function specified by the 3rd parameter shall be
 **          invoked once for each row of result.
 **
 ** {F12110} If the callback returns a non-zero value then [sqlite3_exec()]
-**          will aborted the SQL statement it is currently evaluating,
+**          shall abort the SQL statement it is currently evaluating,
 **          skip all subsequent SQL statements, and return [SQLITE_ABORT].
-**          <todo>What happens to *errmsg here?  Does the result code for
-**          sqlite3_errcode() get set?</todo>
-**
-** {F12113} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine will pass its 4th parameter through
+**
+** {F12113} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine shall pass its 4th parameter through
 **          as the 1st parameter of the callback.
 **
-** {F12116} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine sets the 2nd parameter of its
+** {F12116} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine shall set the 2nd parameter of its
 **          callback to be the number of columns in the current row of
 **          result.
 **
-** {F12119} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine sets the 3rd parameter of its
+** {F12119} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine shall set the 3rd parameter of its
 **          callback to be an array of pointers to strings holding the
 **          values for each column in the current result set row as
 **          obtained from [sqlite3_column_text()].
 **
-** {F12122} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine sets the 4th parameter of its
+** {F12122} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine shall set the 4th parameter of its
 **          callback to be an array of pointers to strings holding the
 **          names of result columns as obtained from [sqlite3_column_name()].
 **
 ** {F12125} If the 3rd parameter to [sqlite3_exec()] is NULL then
-**          [sqlite3_exec()] never invokes a callback.  All query
-**          results are silently discarded.
-**
-** {F12128} If an error occurs while parsing or evaluating any of the SQL
-**          statements handed to [sqlite3_exec()] then [sqlite3_exec()] will
-**          return an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
+**          [sqlite3_exec()] shall silently discard query results.
 **
 ** {F12131} If an error occurs while parsing or evaluating any of the SQL
-**          handed to [sqlite3_exec()] and if the 5th parameter (errmsg)
-**          to [sqlite3_exec()] is not NULL, then an error message is
-**          allocated using the equivalent of [sqlite3_mprintf()] and
-**          *errmsg is made to point to that message.
-**
-** {F12134} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine does not change the value of
-**          *errmsg if errmsg is NULL or if there are no errors.
-**
-** {F12137} The [sqlite3_exec()] function sets the error code and message
-**          accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and
-**          [sqlite3_errmsg16()].
+**          statements in the S parameter of [sqlite3_exec(D,S,C,A,E)] and if
+**          the E parameter is not NULL, then [sqlite3_exec()] shall store
+**          in *E an appropriate error message written into memory obtained
+**          from [sqlite3_malloc()].
+**
+** {F12134} The [sqlite3_exec(D,S,C,A,E)] routine shall set the value of
+**          *E to NULL if E is not NULL and there are no errors.
+**
+** {F12137} The [sqlite3_exec(D,S,C,A,E)] function shall set the [error code]
+**          and message accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()],
+**          [sqlite3_errmsg()], and [sqlite3_errmsg16()].
+**
+** {F12138} If the S parameter to [sqlite3_exec(D,S,C,A,E)] is NULL or an
+**          empty string or contains nothing other than whitespace, comments,
+**          and/or semicolons, then results of [sqlite3_errcode()],
+**          [sqlite3_errmsg()], and [sqlite3_errmsg16()]
+**          shall reset to indicate no errors.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12141} The first parameter to [sqlite3_exec()] must be an valid and open
+** {A12141} The first parameter to [sqlite3_exec()] must be an valid and open
 **          [database connection].
 **
-** {U12142} The database connection must not be closed while
+** {A12142} The database connection must not be closed while
 **          [sqlite3_exec()] is running.
 **
-** {U12143} The calling function is should use [sqlite3_free()] to free
+** {A12143} The calling function should use [sqlite3_free()] to free
 **          the memory that *errmsg is left pointing at once the error
 **          message is no longer needed.
 **
-** {U12145} The SQL statement text in the 2nd parameter to [sqlite3_exec()]
+** {A12145} The SQL statement text in the 2nd parameter to [sqlite3_exec()]
 **          must remain unchanged while [sqlite3_exec()] is running.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
-  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluted */
+  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
 );
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes {F10210}
 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
+** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
 **
 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
 ** here in order to indicates success or failure.
+**
+** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
 **
 ** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes]
 */
 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
@@ -808,21 +884,21 @@
 /* end-of-error-codes */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes {F10220}
 ** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
-** KEYWORDS: {extended result codes}
+** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
 **
 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
-** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that
-** many of these result codes are too course-grained.  They do not provide as
+** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
+** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
 ** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
-** for each database connection using the [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()]
-** API.
+** on a per database connection basis using the
+** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
 **
 ** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
 ** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
 ** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
 ** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
@@ -830,33 +906,35 @@
 ** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
 ** be exactly zero.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F10223} The symbolic name for an extended result code always contains
+** {F10223} The symbolic name for an extended result code shall contains
 **          a related primary result code as a prefix.
 **
-** {F10224} Primary result code names contain a single "_" character.
-**
-** {F10225} Extended result code names contain two or more "_" characters.
-**
-** {F10226} The numeric value of an extended result code contains the
+** {F10224} Primary result code names shall contain a single "_" character.
+**
+** {F10225} Extended result code names shall contain two or more "_" characters.
+**
+** {F10226} The numeric value of an extended result code shall contain the
 **          numeric value of its corresponding primary result code in
 **          its least significant 8 bits.
 */
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ          (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ    (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE      (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT         (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK        (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK        (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE        (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED       (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM         (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations {F10230}
 **
 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
@@ -874,10 +952,11 @@
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics {F10240}
 **
 ** The xDeviceCapabilities method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
@@ -937,11 +1016,10 @@
 */
 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
 
-
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle {F11110}
 **
 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the OS
 ** interface layer.  Individual OS interface implementations will
@@ -956,20 +1034,21 @@
 };
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object {F11120}
 **
-** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs] xOpen method contains a pointer to
-** an instance of this object.  This object defines the
-** methods used to perform various operations against the open file.
+** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs] xOpen method populates an
+** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
+** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
+** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
+** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
 **
 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
-*  The second choice is an
-** OS-X style fullsync.  The SQLITE_SYNC_DATA flag may be ORed in to
-** indicate that only the data of the file and not its inode needs to be
-** synced.
+** The second choice is a Mac OS-X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
+** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
+** and not its inode needs to be synced.
 **
 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
 ** <ul>
 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
@@ -976,27 +1055,25 @@
 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
 ** </ul>
 ** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
-** The xCheckReservedLock() method looks
-** to see if any database connection, either in this
-** process or in some other process, is holding an RESERVED,
+** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
+** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
-** if such a lock exists and false if not.
+** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
 **
 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
-** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument
-** is an integer opcode.   The third
-** argument is a generic pointer which is intended to be a pointer
-** to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
+** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
+** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
+** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
-** core reserves opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
+** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
 ** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.
 **
 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
@@ -1040,11 +1117,11 @@
   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
-  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*);
+  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
 };
@@ -1051,11 +1128,11 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes {F11310}
 **
 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
-** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and to the [sqlite3_file_control()]
+** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
 ** interface.
 **
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
@@ -1079,27 +1156,31 @@
 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object {F11140}
 **
-** An instance of this object defines the interface between the
-** SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
+** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
+** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".
 **
-** The iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger for future
-** versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
-** object when the iVersion value is increased.
+** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
+** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
+** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
+** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
+** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
+** modified.
 **
 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
 ** a pathname in this VFS.
 **
 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
-** searches the list.
+** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
+** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
 **
 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
@@ -1106,23 +1187,28 @@
 ** object once the object has been registered.
 **
 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
 **
-** {F11141} SQLite will guarantee that the zFilename string passed to
-** xOpen() is a full pathname as generated by xFullPathname() and
-** that the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
-** called.  {END} So the [sqlite3_file] can store a pointer to the
+** {F11141} SQLite will guarantee that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
+** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
+** from xFullPathname().  SQLite further guarantees that
+** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
+** called. {END}  Becasue of the previous sentense,
+** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
+** If the zFilename parameter is xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
+** must invite its own temporary name for the file.  Whenever the
+** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
+** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
 **
 ** {F11142} The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]. {END}
 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
-** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be
-** set.
+** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
 **
 ** {F11143} SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
 **
 ** <ul>
@@ -1134,63 +1220,60 @@
 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
 ** </ul> {END}
 **
 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
-** changes the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
+** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
 **
-** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen
-** method:
+** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
 **
 ** <ul>
 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** {F11145} The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
 ** deleted when it is closed.  {F11146} The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
 ** will be set for TEMP  databases, journals and for subjournals.
+**
 ** {F11147} The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag means the file should be opened
 ** for exclusive access.  This flag is set for all files except
-** for the main database file. {END}
+** for the main database file.
 **
 ** {F11148} At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
 ** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
-** argument to xOpen.  {END}  The xOpen method does not have to
+** argument to xOpen. {END}  The xOpen method does not have to
 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.
 **
 ** {F11149} The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
-** to test for the existance of a file,
-** or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to test to see
-** if a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
-** to test to see if a file is at least readable.  {END} The file can be a
+** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
+** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
+** to test whether a file is at least readable. {END}  The file can be a
 ** directory.
 **
-** {F11150} SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for
-** the output buffers for xGetTempname and xFullPathname. {F11151} The exact
-** size of the output buffer is also passed as a parameter to both
-** methods. {END} If the output buffer is not large enough, SQLITE_CANTOPEN
-** should be returned. As this is handled as a fatal error by SQLite,
-** vfs implementations should endeavor to prevent this by setting
-** mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
+** {F11150} SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
+** output buffer xFullPathname. {F11151} The exact size of the output buffer
+** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. {END}  If the output buffer
+** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
+** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
+** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
 **
 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), and xCurrentTime() interfaces
 ** are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
-** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.  The
-** xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
+** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
+** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
 ** least the number of microseconds given.  The xCurrentTime()
-** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and
-** time.
+** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time.
 */
 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
 struct sqlite3_vfs {
   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number */
   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
@@ -1199,59 +1282,331 @@
   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
-  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags);
-  int (*xGetTempname)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nOut, char *zOut);
+  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
   void *(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol);
   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
+  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
   /* New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
   ** value will increment whenever this happens. */
 };
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method {F11190}
 **
 ** {F11191} These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object. {END}  They determine
-** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is
-** looking for.  {F11192} With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
-** simply checks to see if the file exists. {F11193} With
-** SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method checks to see
-** if the file is both readable and writable.  {F11194} With
-** SQLITE_ACCESS_READ the xAccess method
-** checks to see if the file is readable.
+** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
+** {F11192} With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
+** simply checks whether the file exists.
+** {F11193} With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
+** checks whether the file is both readable and writable.
+** {F11194} With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
+** checks whether the file is readable.
 */
 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1
 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2
 
 /*
+** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library {F10130}
+**
+** The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
+** SQLite library.  The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
+** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
+**
+** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
+** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
+** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
+** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  Only an effective call
+** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
+** are harmless no-ops.
+**
+** Among other things, sqlite3_initialize() shall invoke
+** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, sqlite3_shutdown()
+** shall invoke sqlite3_os_end().
+**
+** The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success.
+** If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
+** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
+** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
+** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
+** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
+** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
+** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
+** already.  However, if SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
+** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
+** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
+** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
+** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
+** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
+** when SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT might become the
+** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
+**
+** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
+** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
+** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
+** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
+** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
+** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
+** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
+**
+** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
+** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
+** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
+** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
+** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
+** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
+** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for unix, windows, or os/2.
+** When built for other platforms (using the SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1 compile-time
+** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
+** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
+** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
+** must return SQLITE_OK on success and some other [error code] upon
+** failure.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library {F10145}
+**
+** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
+** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
+** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
+** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
+** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
+**
+** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
+** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
+** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
+** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
+** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
+** Note, however, that sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
+** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
+**
+** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option] that determines
+** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
+** vary depending on the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option]
+** in the first argument.
+**
+** When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns SQLITE_OK.
+** If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
+** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines {F10155}
+**
+** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
+** and low-level memory allocation routines.
+**
+** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
+** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
+** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  By creating an instance of this object
+** and passing it to [sqlite3_config()] during configuration, an
+** application can specify an alternative memory allocation subsystem
+** for SQLite to use for all of its dynamic memory needs.
+**
+** Note that SQLite comes with a built-in memory allocator that is
+** perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
+** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
+** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
+** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
+** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
+** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
+** conditions.
+**
+** The xMalloc, xFree, and xRealloc methods must work like the
+** malloc(), free(), and realloc() functions from the standard library.
+**
+** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
+** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
+** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
+**
+** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
+** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
+** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
+** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
+**
+** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
+** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
+** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
+** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
+** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
+** xInit and xShutdown.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
+struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
+  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
+  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
+  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
+  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
+  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
+  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
+  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
+  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options {F10160}
+**
+** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
+** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
+** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  This option disables
+** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
+** by a single thread.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
+** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  This option disables
+** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
+** The application is responsible for serializing access to
+** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
+** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
+** environment.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
+** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  This option enables
+** all mutexes including the recursive
+** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
+** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
+** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
+** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
+** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
+** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
+**
+** <p>This configuration option merely sets the default mutex
+** behavior to serialize access to [database connections].  Individual
+** [database connections] can override this setting
+** using the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag to [sqlite3_open_v2()].</p></dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
+** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
+** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
+** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
+** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
+** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
+** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
+** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.
+** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
+** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
+** tracks memory usage, for example.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
+** <dd>This option takes single boolean argument which enables or disables
+** the collection of memory allocation statistics.  When disabled, the
+** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
+**   <ul>
+**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
+**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
+**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit()]
+**   <li> sqlite3_memory_status()
+**   </ul>
+** </dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
+** <dd>This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
+** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer to the memory, the
+** size of each scratch buffer (sz), and the number of buffers (N).  The sz
+** argument must be a multiple of 16. The first
+** argument should point to an allocation of at least (sz+4)*N bytes of memory.
+** SQLite will use no more than one scratch buffer at once per thread, so
+** N should be set to the expected maximum number of threads.  The sz
+** parameter should be 6 times the size of the largest database page size.
+** Scratch buffers are used as part of the btree balance operation.  If
+** The btree balancer needs additional memory beyond what is provided by
+** scratch buffers or if no scratch buffer space is specified, then SQLite
+** goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] to obtain the memory it needs.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
+** <dd>This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
+** the database page cache.  There are three arguments: A pointer to the
+** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
+** The sz argument must be a power of two between 512 and 32768.  The first
+** argument should point to an allocation of at least (sz+4)*N bytes of memory.
+** SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
+** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  If additional
+** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
+** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
+** <dd>This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
+** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
+** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
+** There are three arguments: A pointer to the memory, the number of
+** bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.  If
+** the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
+** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
+** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  If the
+** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
+** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
+** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
+** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
+** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
+** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
+** the mutex routines built into SQLite.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
+** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
+** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
+** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
+** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.
+** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
+** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
+** profiling or testing, for example.</dd>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
+
+
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes {F12200}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
-** [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes] feature of SQLite.
-** The extended result codes are disabled by default for historical
-** compatibility.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F12201} Each new [database connection] has the
-**          [extended result codes] feature
-**          disabled by default.
-**
-** {F12202} The [sqlite3_extended_result_codes(D,F)] interface will enable
-**          [extended result codes] for the
-**          [database connection] D if the F parameter
-**          is true, or disable them if F is false.
+** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. The extended result
+** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility considerations.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F12201} Each new [database connection] shall have the
+**          [extended result codes] feature disabled by default.
+**
+** {F12202} The [sqlite3_extended_result_codes(D,F)] interface shall enable
+**          [extended result codes] for the  [database connection] D
+**          if the F parameter is true, or disable them if F is false.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid {F12220}
@@ -1262,48 +1617,46 @@
 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. If
 ** the table has a column of type INTEGER PRIMARY KEY then that column
 ** is another alias for the rowid.
 **
 ** This routine returns the rowid of the most recent
-** successful INSERT into the database from the database connection
-** shown in the first argument.  If no successful inserts
-** have ever occurred on this database connection, zero is returned.
-**
-** If an INSERT occurs within a trigger, then the rowid of the
-** inserted row is returned by this routine as long as the trigger
-** is running.  But once the trigger terminates, the value returned
-** by this routine reverts to the last value inserted before the
-** trigger fired.
+** successful INSERT into the database from the [database connection]
+** in the first argument.  If no successful INSERTs
+** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
+**
+** If an INSERT occurs within a trigger, then the rowid of the inserted
+** row is returned by this routine as long as the trigger is running.
+** But once the trigger terminates, the value returned by this routine
+** reverts to the last value inserted before the trigger fired.
 **
 ** An INSERT that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
-** successful insert and does not change the value returned by this
+** successful INSERT and does not change the value returned by this
 ** routine.  Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
 ** routine when their insertion fails.  When INSERT OR REPLACE
 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
 ** the return value of this interface.
 **
-** For the purposes of this routine, an insert is considered to
+** For the purposes of this routine, an INSERT is considered to
 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F12221} The [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] function returns the
-**          rowid of the most recent successful insert done
-**          on the same database connection and within the same
-**          trigger context, or zero if there have
-**          been no qualifying inserts on that connection.
-**
-** {F12223} The [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] function returns
+** {F12221} The [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] function returns the rowid
+**          of the most recent successful INSERT performed on the same
+**          [database connection] and within the same or higher level
+**          trigger context, or zero if there have been no qualifying inserts.
+**
+** {F12223} The [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] function returns the
 **          same value when called from the same trigger context
 **          immediately before and after a ROLLBACK.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12232} If a separate thread does a new insert on the same
+** {A12232} If a separate thread performs a new INSERT on the same
 **          database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
 **          function is running and thus changes the last insert rowid,
 **          then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
 **          unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
 **          last insert rowid.
@@ -1313,13 +1666,13 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified {F12240}
 **
 ** This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
 ** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
-** on the connection specified by the first parameter.  Only
-** changes that are directly specified by the INSERT, UPDATE, or
-** DELETE statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
+** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
+** Only changes that are directly specified by the INSERT, UPDATE,
+** or DELETE statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
 ** triggers are not counted. Use the [sqlite3_total_changes()] function
 ** to find the total number of changes including changes caused by triggers.
 **
 ** A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
 ** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
@@ -1339,83 +1692,88 @@
 **
 ** This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
 ** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
 ** trigger context.
 **
-** So when called from the top level, this function returns the
+** Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
 ** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** that also occurred at the top level.
-** Within the body of a trigger, the sqlite3_changes() interface
-** can be called to find the number of
+** that also occurred at the top level.  Within the body of a trigger,
+** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
 ** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
 ** statement within the body of the same trigger.
-** However, the number returned does not include in changes
-** caused by subtriggers since they have their own context.
-**
-** SQLite implements the command "DELETE FROM table" without
-** a WHERE clause by dropping and recreating the table.  (This is much
-** faster than going through and deleting individual elements from the
-** table.)  Because of this optimization, the deletions in
-** "DELETE FROM table" are not row changes and will not be counted
-** by the sqlite3_changes() or [sqlite3_total_changes()] functions.
-** To get an accurate count of the number of rows deleted, use
+** However, the number returned does not include changes
+** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.
+**
+** SQLite implements the command "DELETE FROM table" without a WHERE clause
+** by dropping and recreating the table.  (This is much faster than going
+** through and deleting individual elements from the table.)  Because of this
+** optimization, the deletions in "DELETE FROM table" are not row changes and
+** will not be counted by the sqlite3_changes() or [sqlite3_total_changes()]
+** functions, regardless of the number of elements that were originally
+** in the table.  To get an accurate count of the number of rows deleted, use
 ** "DELETE FROM table WHERE 1" instead.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F12241} The [sqlite3_changes()] function returns the number of
+** {F12241} The [sqlite3_changes()] function shall return the number of
 **          row changes caused by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE,
 **          or DELETE statement on the same database connection and
-**          within the same trigger context, or zero if there have
+**          within the same or higher trigger context, or zero if there have
 **          not been any qualifying row changes.
+**
+** {F12243} Statements of the form "DELETE FROM tablename" with no
+**          WHERE clause shall cause subsequent calls to
+**          [sqlite3_changes()] to return zero, regardless of the
+**          number of rows originally in the table.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12252} If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
+** {A12252} If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
 **          while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
-**          is unpredictable and unmeaningful.
+**          is unpredictable and not meaningful.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified {F12260}
-***
-** This function returns the number of row changes caused
-** by INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statements since the database handle
-** was opened.  The count includes all changes from all trigger
-** contexts.  But the count does not include changes used to
-** implement REPLACE constraints, do rollbacks or ABORT processing,
-** or DROP table processing.
-** The changes
-** are counted as soon as the statement that makes them is completed
-** (when the statement handle is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or
+**
+** This function returns the number of row changes caused by INSERT,
+** UPDATE or DELETE statements since the [database connection] was opened.
+** The count includes all changes from all trigger contexts.  However,
+** the count does not include changes used to implement REPLACE constraints,
+** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or DROP table processing.
+** The changes are counted as soon as the statement that makes them is
+** completed (when the statement handle is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or
 ** [sqlite3_finalize()]).
 **
-** SQLite implements the command "DELETE FROM table" without
-** a WHERE clause by dropping and recreating the table.  (This is much
-** faster than going
-** through and deleting individual elements from the table.)  Because of
-** this optimization, the change count for "DELETE FROM table" will be
-** zero regardless of the number of elements that were originally in the
-** table. To get an accurate count of the number of rows deleted, use
+** SQLite implements the command "DELETE FROM table" without a WHERE clause
+** by dropping and recreating the table.  (This is much faster than going
+** through and deleting individual elements from the table.)  Because of this
+** optimization, the deletions in "DELETE FROM table" are not row changes and
+** will not be counted by the sqlite3_changes() or [sqlite3_total_changes()]
+** functions, regardless of the number of elements that were originally
+** in the table.  To get an accurate count of the number of rows deleted, use
 ** "DELETE FROM table WHERE 1" instead.
 **
 ** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12261} The [sqlite3_total_changes()] returns the total number
 **          of row changes caused by INSERT, UPDATE, and/or DELETE
 **          statements on the same [database connection], in any
-**          trigger context, since the database connection was
-**          created.
+**          trigger context, since the database connection was created.
+**
+** {F12263} Statements of the form "DELETE FROM tablename" with no
+**          WHERE clause shall not change the value returned
+**          by [sqlite3_total_changes()].
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12264} If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
+** {A12264} If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
 **          while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
-**          returned is unpredictable and unmeaningful.
+**          returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query {F12270}
@@ -1426,36 +1784,37 @@
 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
 ** immediately.
 **
 ** It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
-** is not safe to call this routine with a database connection that
+** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
 **
-** If an SQL is very nearly finished at the time when sqlite3_interrupt()
-** is called, then it might not have an opportunity to be interrupted.
-** It might continue to completion.
-** An SQL operation that is interrupted will return
-** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].  If the interrupted SQL operation is an
-** INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE that is inside an explicit transaction,
-** then the entire transaction will be rolled back automatically.
+** If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
+** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
+** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
+**
+** An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
+** If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
+** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
+** will be rolled back automatically.
+**
 ** A call to sqlite3_interrupt() has no effect on SQL statements
 ** that are started after sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12271} The [sqlite3_interrupt()] interface will force all running
 **          SQL statements associated with the same database connection
-**          to halt after processing at most one additional row of
-**          data.
+**          to halt after processing at most one additional row of data.
 **
 ** {F12272} Any SQL statement that is interrupted by [sqlite3_interrupt()]
 **          will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12279} If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
+** {A12279} If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
 **          is running then bad things will likely happen.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
 
 /*
@@ -1470,58 +1829,60 @@
 ** CREATE TRIGGER statement.  Semicolons that are embedded within
 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.
 **
-** These routines do not parse the SQL and
-** so will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F10511} The sqlite3_complete() and sqlite3_complete16() functions
-**          return true (non-zero) if and only if the last
-**          non-whitespace token in their input is a semicolon that
-**          is not in between the BEGIN and END of a CREATE TRIGGER
-**          statement.
+** These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
+** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F10511} A successful evaluation of [sqlite3_complete()] or
+**          [sqlite3_complete16()] functions shall
+**          return a numeric 1 if and only if the last non-whitespace
+**          token in their input is a semicolon that is not in between
+**          the BEGIN and END of a CREATE TRIGGER statement.
+**
+** {F10512} If a memory allocation error occurs during an invocation
+**          of [sqlite3_complete()] or [sqlite3_complete16()] then the
+**          routine shall return [SQLITE_NOMEM].
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U10512} The input to sqlite3_complete() must be a zero-terminated
+** {A10512} The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
 **          UTF-8 string.
 **
-** {U10513} The input to sqlite3_complete16() must be a zero-terminated
+** {A10513} The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
 **          UTF-16 string in native byte order.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors {F12310}
 **
-** This routine identifies a callback function that might be
-** invoked whenever an attempt is made to open a database table
-** that another thread or process has locked.
-** If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
-** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
-** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.
-** If the busy callback is not NULL, then the
-** callback will be invoked with two arguments.  The
-** first argument to the handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
-** is the third argument to this routine.  The second argument to
-** the handler is the number of times that the busy handler has
-** been invoked for this locking event.   If the
+** This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
+** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
+** or process has locked.
+**
+** If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
+** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock. If the busy callback
+** is not NULL, then the callback will be invoked with two arguments.
+**
+** The first argument to the handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
+** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  The second argument to
+** the handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
+** been invoked for this locking event.  If the
 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
 ** If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
 ** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
 **
-** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that
-** it will be invoked when there is lock contention.
-** If SQLite determines that invoking the busy handler could result in
-** a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY] or
-** [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the
-** busy handler.
+** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
+** when there is lock contention. If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
+** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
+** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
@@ -1542,81 +1903,81 @@
 ** readers.  If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
 ** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
 ** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
 ** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  This error code promotion
 ** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
-** <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
+** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
 ** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
 ** this is important.
 **
-** There can only be a single busy handler defined for each database
-** connection.  Setting a new busy handler clears any previous one.
-** Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] will also set or clear
-** the busy handler.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F12311} The [sqlite3_busy_handler()] function replaces the busy handler
-**          callback in the database connection identified by the 1st
-**          parameter with a new busy handler identified by the 2nd and 3rd
-**          parameters.
-**
-** {F12312} The default busy handler for new database connections is NULL.
-**
-** {F12314} When two or more database connection share a common cache,
+** There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
+** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
+** previously set handler.  Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
+** will also set or clear the busy handler.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F12311} The [sqlite3_busy_handler(D,C,A)] function shall replace
+**          busy callback in the [database connection] D with a new
+**          a new busy handler C and application data pointer A.
+**
+** {F12312} Newly created [database connections] shall have a busy
+**          handler of NULL.
+**
+** {F12314} When two or more [database connections] share a
+**          [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache | common cache],
 **          the busy handler for the database connection currently using
-**          the cache is invoked when the cache encounters a lock.
-**
-** {F12316} If a busy handler callback returns zero, then the SQLite
-**          interface that provoked the locking event will return
-**          [SQLITE_BUSY].
-**
-** {F12318} SQLite will invokes the busy handler with two argument which
+**          the cache shall be invoked when the cache encounters a lock.
+**
+** {F12316} If a busy handler callback returns zero, then the SQLite interface
+**          that provoked the locking event shall return [SQLITE_BUSY].
+**
+** {F12318} SQLite shall invokes the busy handler with two arguments which
 **          are a copy of the pointer supplied by the 3rd parameter to
 **          [sqlite3_busy_handler()] and a count of the number of prior
 **          invocations of the busy handler for the same locking event.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12319} A busy handler should not call close the database connection
-**          or prepared statement that invoked the busy handler.
+** {A12319} A busy handler must not close the database connection
+**          or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout {F12340}
 **
-** This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler]
-** that sleeps for a while when a
-** table is locked.  The handler will sleep multiple times until
-** at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping have been done. {F12343} After
-** "ms" milliseconds of sleeping, the handler returns 0 which
-** causes [sqlite3_step()] to return [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
+** This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
+** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  The handler
+** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
+** have accumulated. {F12343} After "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
+** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
+** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
 **
 ** Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
 ** turns off all busy handlers.
 **
-** There can only be a single busy handler for a particular database
-** connection.  If another busy handler was defined
-** (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
+** There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
+** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
+** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F12341} The [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] function overrides any prior
+** {F12341} The [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] function shall override any prior
 **          [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] or [sqlite3_busy_handler()] setting
-**          on the same database connection.
+**          on the same [database connection].
 **
 ** {F12343} If the 2nd parameter to [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] is less than
-**          or equal to zero, then the busy handler is cleared so that
+**          or equal to zero, then the busy handler shall be cleared so that
 **          all subsequent locking events immediately return [SQLITE_BUSY].
 **
 ** {F12344} If the 2nd parameter to [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] is a positive
-**          number N, then a busy handler is set that repeatedly calls
-**          the xSleep() method in the VFS interface until either the
-**          lock clears or until the cumulative sleep time reported back
-**          by xSleep() exceeds N milliseconds.
+**          number N, then a busy handler shall be set that repeatedly calls
+**          the xSleep() method in the [sqlite3_vfs | VFS interface] until
+**          either the lock clears or until the cumulative sleep time
+**          reported back by xSleep() exceeds N milliseconds.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries {F12370}
@@ -1628,20 +1989,18 @@
 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
 ** and M be the number of columns.
 **
-** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated
-** UTF-8 strings.  There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.
-** The first M pointers point to zero-terminated strings that
-** contain the names of the columns.
-** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL
-** values are give a NULL pointer.  All other values are in
-** their UTF-8 zero-terminated string representation as returned by
-** [sqlite3_column_text()].
-**
-** A result table might consists of one or more memory allocations.
+** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
+** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
+** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
+** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
+** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
+** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
+**
+** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
 **
 ** As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
 ** is as follows:
@@ -1674,52 +2033,62 @@
 ** string of its 2nd parameter.  It returns a result table to the
 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
 **
 ** After the calling function has finished using the result, it should
 ** pass the pointer to the result table to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
-** release the memory that was malloc-ed.  Because of the way the
+** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
-** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
-** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
+** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or [sqlite3_errmsg()].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12371} If a [sqlite3_get_table()] fails a memory allocation, then
-**          it frees the result table under construction, aborts the
-**          query in process, skips any subsequent queries, sets the
-**          *resultp output pointer to NULL and returns [SQLITE_NOMEM].
-**
-** {F12373} If the ncolumn parameter to [sqlite3_get_table()] is not NULL
-**          then [sqlite3_get_table()] write the number of columns in the
-**          result set of the query into *ncolumn if the query is
-**          successful (if the function returns SQLITE_OK).
-**
-** {F12374} If the nrow parameter to [sqlite3_get_table()] is not NULL
-**          then [sqlite3_get_table()] write the number of rows in the
-**          result set of the query into *nrow if the query is
-**          successful (if the function returns SQLITE_OK).
-**
-** {F12376} The [sqlite3_get_table()] function sets its *ncolumn value
-**          to the number of columns in the result set of the query in the
-**          sql parameter, or to zero if the query in sql has an empty
-**          result set.
+**          it shall free the result table under construction, abort the
+**          query in process, skip any subsequent queries, set the
+**          *pazResult output pointer to NULL and return [SQLITE_NOMEM].
+**
+** {F12373} If the pnColumn parameter to [sqlite3_get_table()] is not NULL
+**          then a successful invocation of [sqlite3_get_table()] shall
+**          write the number of columns in the
+**          result set of the query into *pnColumn.
+**
+** {F12374} If the pnRow parameter to [sqlite3_get_table()] is not NULL
+**          then a successful invocation of [sqlite3_get_table()] shall
+**          writes the number of rows in the
+**          result set of the query into *pnRow.
+**
+** {F12376} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_get_table()] that computes
+**          N rows of result with C columns per row shall make *pazResult
+**          point to an array of pointers to (N+1)*C strings where the first
+**          C strings are column names as obtained from
+**          [sqlite3_column_name()] and the rest are column result values
+**          obtained from [sqlite3_column_text()].
+**
+** {F12379} The values in the pazResult array returned by [sqlite3_get_table()]
+**          shall remain valid until cleared by [sqlite3_free_table()].
+**
+** {F12382} When an error occurs during evaluation of [sqlite3_get_table()]
+**          the function shall set *pazResult to NULL, write an error message
+**          into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()], make
+**          **pzErrmsg point to that error message, and return a
+**          appropriate [error code].
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
-  sqlite3*,             /* An open database */
-  const char *sql,      /* SQL to be evaluated */
-  char ***pResult,      /* Results of the query */
-  int *nrow,            /* Number of result rows written here */
-  int *ncolumn,         /* Number of result columns written here */
-  char **errmsg         /* Error msg written here */
+  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
+  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
+  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
+  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
+  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
+  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
 );
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions {F17400}
@@ -1728,11 +2097,11 @@
 ** from the standard C library.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
-** released by [sqlite3_free()].   Both routines return a
+** released by [sqlite3_free()].  Both routines return a
 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
 **
 ** In sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
@@ -1753,20 +2122,20 @@
 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
 ** written will be n-1 characters.
 **
 ** These routines all implement some additional formatting
 ** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
-** All of the usual printf formatting options apply.  In addition, there
+** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
 ** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
 **
 ** The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a null-terminated
 ** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
 ** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.  By doubling each '\''
 ** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
 ** the string.
 **
-** For example, so some string variable contains text as follows:
+** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
 **
 ** <blockquote><pre>
 **  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
 ** </pre></blockquote>
 **
@@ -1790,18 +2159,17 @@
 **
 ** <blockquote><pre>
 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
 ** </pre></blockquote>
 **
-** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you
-** should always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string
-** literal.
+** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
+** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
 **
 ** The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
-** the outside of the total string.  Or if the parameter in the argument
-** list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without single
-** quotes) in place of the %Q option. {END}  So, for example, one could say:
+** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
+** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
+** single quotes) in place of the %Q option.  So, for example, one could say:
 **
 ** <blockquote><pre>
 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
@@ -1823,16 +2191,15 @@
 **
 ** {F17406}  The [sqlite3_snprintf()] interface writes a zero-terminated
 **           UTF-8 string into the buffer pointed to by the second parameter
 **           provided that the first parameter is greater than zero.
 **
-** {F17407}  The [sqlite3_snprintf()] interface does not writes slots of
+** {F17407}  The [sqlite3_snprintf()] interface does not write slots of
 **           its output buffer (the second parameter) outside the range
 **           of 0 through N-1 (where N is the first parameter)
 **           regardless of the length of the string
 **           requested by the format specification.
-**
 */
 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
 
@@ -1840,11 +2207,11 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem {F17300}
 **
 ** The SQLite core  uses these three routines for all of its own
 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
 ** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
-** windows VFS uses native malloc and free for some operations.
+** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
 ** If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  If the parameter N to
@@ -1869,11 +2236,11 @@
 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
 ** If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
 ** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
-** Sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
+** sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
 ** If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
 ** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
 ** If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
@@ -1880,42 +2247,38 @@
 ** is not freed.
 **
 ** The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary. {END}
 **
-** The default implementation
-** of the memory allocation subsystem uses the malloc(), realloc()
-** and free() provided by the standard C library. {F17382} However, if
-** SQLite is compiled with the following C preprocessor macro
-**
-** <blockquote> SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE=<i>NNN</i> </blockquote>
-**
-** where <i>NNN</i> is an integer, then SQLite create a static
-** array of at least <i>NNN</i> bytes in size and use that array
-** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs. {END}  Additional
-** memory allocator options may be added in future releases.
+** The default implementation of the memory allocation subsystem uses
+** the malloc(), realloc() and free() provided by the standard C library.
+** {F17382} However, if SQLite is compiled with the
+** SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE=<i>NNN</i> C preprocessor macro (where <i>NNN</i>
+** is an integer), then SQLite create a static array of at least
+** <i>NNN</i> bytes in size and uses that array for all of its dynamic
+** memory allocation needs. {END}  Additional memory allocator options
+** may be added in future releases.
 **
 ** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
 ** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
 ** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
-** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be
-** used.
-**
-** The windows OS interface layer calls
+** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
+**
+** The Windows OS interface layer calls
 ** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
 ** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
-** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular windows
+** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
 ** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
 ** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
 ** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F17303}  The [sqlite3_malloc(N)] interface returns either a pointer to
-**           newly checked-out block of at least N bytes of memory
-**           that is 8-byte aligned,
-**           or it returns NULL if it is unable to fulfill the request.
+**           a newly checked-out block of at least N bytes of memory
+**           that is 8-byte aligned, or it returns NULL if it is unable
+**           to fulfill the request.
 **
 ** {F17304}  The [sqlite3_malloc(N)] interface returns a NULL pointer if
 **           N is less than or equal to zero.
 **
 ** {F17305}  The [sqlite3_free(P)] interface releases memory previously
@@ -1937,30 +2300,30 @@
 ** {F17318}  The [sqlite3_realloc(P,N)] interface returns either a pointer
 **           to a block of checked-out memory of at least N bytes in size
 **           that is 8-byte aligned, or a NULL pointer.
 **
 ** {F17321}  When [sqlite3_realloc(P,N)] returns a non-NULL pointer, it first
-**           copies the first K bytes of content from P into the newly allocated
-**           where K is the lessor of N and the size of the buffer P.
+**           copies the first K bytes of content from P into the newly
+**           allocated block, where K is the lesser of N and the size of
+**           the buffer P.
 **
 ** {F17322}  When [sqlite3_realloc(P,N)] returns a non-NULL pointer, it first
 **           releases the buffer P.
 **
 ** {F17323}  When [sqlite3_realloc(P,N)] returns NULL, the buffer P is
 **           not modified or released.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U17350}  The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
-**           must be either NULL or else a pointer obtained from a prior
-**           invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that has
-**           not been released.
-**
-** {U17351}  The application must not read or write any part of
+** {A17350}  The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
+**           must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
+**           invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
+**           not yet been released.
+**
+** {A17351}  The application must not read or write any part of
 **           a block of memory after it has been released using
 **           [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
-**
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
 
@@ -1967,32 +2330,31 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics {F17370}
 **
 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
-** the memory allocation subsystem included within the SQLite.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F17371} The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the
-**          number of bytes of memory currently outstanding
-**          (malloced but not freed).
+** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F17371} The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
+**          of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
 **
 ** {F17373} The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
-**          value of [sqlite3_memory_used()]
-**          since the highwater mark was last reset.
+**          value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
+**          was last reset.
 **
 ** {F17374} The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
 **          [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
 **          added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
 **          but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
 **          routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
 **
-** {F17375} The memory highwater mark is reset to the current value of
+** {F17375} The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
 **          [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
 **          [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  The value returned
-**          by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the highwater mark
+**          by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
 **          prior to the reset.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
 
@@ -2001,11 +2363,11 @@
 **
 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
 ** select random ROWIDs when inserting new records into a table that
 ** already uses the largest possible ROWID.  The PRNG is also used for
 ** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
-** appliations to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
+** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
 **
 ** A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
 **
 ** The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
 ** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
@@ -2033,13 +2395,13 @@
 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
 ** see if those actions are allowed.  The authorizer callback should
 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
-** rejected with an error.   If the authorizer callback returns
+** rejected with an error.  If the authorizer callback returns
 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
-** then [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
+** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
 **
 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
 ** requested is ok.  When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
@@ -2050,23 +2412,21 @@
 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
 ** columns of a table.
 **
-** The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of
-** the third parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface.
-** The second parameter to the callback is an integer
-** [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies the particular action
-** to be authorized. The third through sixth
-** parameters to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain
-** additional details about the action to be authorized.
+** The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
+** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. The second parameter
+** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
+** the particular action to be authorized. The third through sixth parameters
+** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
+** details about the action to be authorized.
 **
 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
-** SQL statements from an untrusted
-** source, to ensure that the SQL statements do not try to access data
-** that they are not allowed to see, or that they do not try to
-** execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
+** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
+** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
+** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
@@ -2090,30 +2450,30 @@
 **
 ** {F12501} The [sqlite3_set_authorizer(D,...)] interface registers a
 **          authorizer callback with database connection D.
 **
 ** {F12502} The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are
-**          being compiled
+**          being compiled.
 **
 ** {F12503} If the authorizer callback returns any value other than
-**          [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY] then
+**          [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY], then
 **          the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that caused
 **          the authorizer callback to run shall fail with an
 **          [SQLITE_ERROR] error code and an appropriate error message.
 **
 ** {F12504} When the authorizer callback returns [SQLITE_OK], the operation
-**          described is coded normally.
+**          described is processed normally.
 **
 ** {F12505} When the authorizer callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
 **          [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that caused the
 **          authorizer callback to run shall fail
 **          with an [SQLITE_ERROR] error code and an error message
 **          explaining that access is denied.
 **
 ** {F12506} If the authorizer code (the 2nd parameter to the authorizer
 **          callback) is [SQLITE_READ] and the authorizer callback returns
-**          [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the prepared statement is constructed to
+**          [SQLITE_IGNORE], then the prepared statement is constructed to
 **          insert a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
 **          been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.
 **
 ** {F12507} If the authorizer code (the 2nd parameter to the authorizer
 **          callback) is anything other than [SQLITE_READ], then
@@ -2128,11 +2488,11 @@
 **
 ** {F12512} The third through sixth parameters to the callback are
 **          zero-terminated strings that contain
 **          additional details about the action to be authorized.
 **
-** {F12520} Each call to [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] overrides the
+** {F12520} Each call to [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] overrides
 **          any previously installed authorizer.
 **
 ** {F12521} A NULL authorizer means that no authorization
 **          callback is invoked.
 **
@@ -2158,11 +2518,11 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes {F12550}
 **
 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
-** that is invoked to authorizer certain SQL statement actions.  The
+** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
 **
 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
@@ -2176,16 +2536,16 @@
 ** top-level SQL code.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12551} The second parameter to an
-**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback is always an integer
+**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback] is always an integer
 **          [SQLITE_COPY | authorizer code] that specifies what action
 **          is being authorized.
 **
 ** {F12552} The 3rd and 4th parameters to the
-**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorization callback function]
+**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorization callback]
 **          will be parameters or NULL depending on which
 **          [SQLITE_COPY | authorizer code] is used as the second parameter.
 **
 ** {F12553} The 5th parameter to the
 **          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback] is the name
@@ -2239,11 +2599,11 @@
 **
 ** The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
 ** The callback returns a UTF-8 rendering of the SQL statement text
 ** as the statement first begins executing.  Additional callbacks occur
-** as each triggersubprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
+** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.
 **
 ** The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  The profile callback contains
 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
@@ -2270,11 +2630,11 @@
 **
 ** {F12284} The first argument to the trace callback is a copy of
 **          the pointer which was the 3rd argument to [sqlite3_trace()].
 **
 ** {F12285} The second argument to the trace callback is a
-**          zero-terminated UTF8 string containing the original text
+**          zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the original text
 **          of the SQL statement as it was passed into [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
 **          or the equivalent, or an SQL comment indicating the beginning
 **          of a trigger subprogram.
 **
 ** {F12287} The callback function registered by [sqlite3_profile()] is invoked
@@ -2286,11 +2646,11 @@
 ** {F12289} The second parameter to the profile callback is a
 **          zero-terminated UTF-8 string that contains the complete text of
 **          the SQL statement as it was processed by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
 **          or the equivalent.
 **
-** {F12290} The third parameter to the profile  callback is an estimate
+** {F12290} The third parameter to the profile callback is an estimate
 **          of the number of nanoseconds of wall-clock time required to
 **          run the SQL statement from start to finish.
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
@@ -2300,41 +2660,41 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks {F12910}
 **
 ** This routine configures a callback function - the
 ** progress callback - that is invoked periodically during long
 ** running calls to [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and
-** [sqlite3_get_table()].   An example use for this
+** [sqlite3_get_table()].  An example use for this
 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
 **
-** If the progress callback returns non-zero, the opertion is
+** If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI dialog box.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F12911} The callback function registered by [sqlite3_progress_handler()]
+** {F12911} The callback function registered by sqlite3_progress_handler()
 **          is invoked periodically during long running calls to
 **          [sqlite3_step()].
 **
 ** {F12912} The progress callback is invoked once for every N virtual
 **          machine opcodes, where N is the second argument to
 **          the [sqlite3_progress_handler()] call that registered
-**          the callback.  <todo>What if N is less than 1?</todo>
+**          the callback.  If N is less than 1, sqlite3_progress_handler()
+**          acts as if a NULL progress handler had been specified.
 **
 ** {F12913} The progress callback itself is identified by the third
-**          argument to [sqlite3_progress_handler()].
-**
-** {F12914} The fourth argument [sqlite3_progress_handler()] is a
-***         void pointer passed to the progress callback
+**          argument to sqlite3_progress_handler().
+**
+** {F12914} The fourth argument to sqlite3_progress_handler() is a
+**          void pointer passed to the progress callback
 **          function each time it is invoked.
 **
-** {F12915} If a call to [sqlite3_step()] results in fewer than
-**          N opcodes being executed,
-**          then the progress callback is never invoked. {END}
+** {F12915} If a call to [sqlite3_step()] results in fewer than N opcodes
+**          being executed, then the progress callback is never invoked.
 **
 ** {F12916} Every call to [sqlite3_progress_handler()]
-**          overwrites any previously registere progress handler.
+**          overwrites any previously registered progress handler.
 **
 ** {F12917} If the progress handler callback is NULL then no progress
 **          handler is invoked.
 **
 ** {F12918} If the progress callback returns a result other than 0, then
@@ -2343,82 +2703,87 @@
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection {F12700}
 **
-** These routines open an SQLite database file whose name
-** is given by the filename argument.
-** The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8
-** for [sqlite3_open()] and [sqlite3_open_v2()] and as UTF-16
-** in the native byte order for [sqlite3_open16()].
-** An [sqlite3*] handle is usually returned in *ppDb, even
-** if an error occurs.  The only exception is if SQLite is unable
-** to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object, a NULL will
-** be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3] object.
-** If the database is opened (and/or created)
-** successfully, then [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an
-** error code is returned.  The
-** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()]  routines can be used to obtain
+** These routines open an SQLite database file whose name is given by the
+** filename argument. The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
+** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
+** order for sqlite3_open16(). A [database connection] handle is usually
+** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
+** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
+** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
+** object. If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
+** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.  The
+** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
 ** an English language description of the error.
 **
 ** The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
-** [sqlite3_open()] or [sqlite3_open_v2()] is called and
-** UTF-16 in the native byte order if [sqlite3_open16()] is used.
+** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
+** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
 **
 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
-** associated with the [sqlite3*] handle should be released by passing it
-** to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
-**
-** The [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface works like [sqlite3_open()]
-** except that it acccepts two additional parameters for additional control
-** over the new database connection.  The flags parameter can be
-** one of:
-**
-** <ol>
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]
-** </ol>
-**
-** The first value opens the database read-only.
-** If the database does not previously exist, an error is returned.
-** The second option opens
-** the database for reading and writing if possible, or reading only if
-** if the file is write protected.  In either case the database
-** must already exist or an error is returned.  The third option
-** opens the database for reading and writing and creates it if it does
-** not already exist.
-** The third options is behavior that is always used for [sqlite3_open()]
-** and [sqlite3_open16()].
-**
-** If the 3rd parameter to [sqlite3_open_v2()] is not one of the
-** combinations shown above then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** If the filename is ":memory:", then an private
-** in-memory database is created for the connection.  This in-memory
-** database will vanish when the database connection is closed.  Future
-** version of SQLite might make use of additional special filenames
-** that begin with the ":" character.  It is recommended that
-** when a database filename really does begin with
-** ":" that you prefix the filename with a pathname like "./" to
-** avoid ambiguity.
-**
-** If the filename is an empty string, then a private temporary
+** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
+** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
+**
+** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
+** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
+** over the new database connection.  The flags parameter can take one of
+** the following three values, optionally combined with the
+** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag:
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
+** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
+** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
+** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is creates it if
+** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
+** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>
+** </dl>
+**
+** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
+** combinations shown above or one of the combinations shown above combined
+** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag, then the behavior is undefined.
+**
+** If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then mutexes on the
+** opened [database connection] are disabled and the appliation must
+** insure that access to the [database connection] and its associated
+** [prepared statements] is serialized.  The [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag
+** is the default behavior is SQLite is configured using the
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] options
+** to [sqlite3_config()].  The [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag only makes a
+** difference when SQLite is in its default [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED] mode.
+**
+** If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
+** is created for the connection.  This in-memory database will vanish when
+** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
+** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
+** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
+** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
+** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
+**
+** If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
 ** on-disk database will be created.  This private database will be
 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
 **
 ** The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
-** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system
-** interface that the new database connection should use.  If the
-** fourth parameter is a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs]
-** object is used.
-**
-** <b>Note to windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
-** of [sqlite3_open()] and [sqlite3_open_v2()] must be UTF-8, not whatever
+** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
+** the new database connection should use.  If the fourth parameter is
+** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
+**
+** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
+** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
-** [sqlite3_open()] or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
+** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12701} The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
 **          [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces create a new
@@ -2470,18 +2835,22 @@
 **          ephemeral, in-memory database is created for the connection.
 **          <todo>Is SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE required
 **          in sqlite3_open_v2()?</todo>
 **
 ** {F12719} If the filename is NULL or an empty string, then a private,
-**          ephermeral on-disk database will be created.
+**          ephemeral on-disk database will be created.
 **          <todo>Is SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE required
 **          in sqlite3_open_v2()?</todo>
 **
-** {F12721} The [database connection] created by
-**          [sqlite3_open_v2(F,D,G,V)] will use the
-**          [sqlite3_vfs] object identified by the V parameter, or
-**          the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is V is a NULL pointer.
+** {F12721} The [database connection] created by [sqlite3_open_v2(F,D,G,V)]
+**          will use the [sqlite3_vfs] object identified by the V parameter,
+**          or the default [sqlite3_vfs] object if V is a NULL pointer.
+**
+** {F12723} Two [database connections] will share a common cache if both were
+**          opened with the same VFS while [shared cache mode] was enabled and
+**          if both filenames compare equal using memcmp() after having been
+**          processed by the [sqlite3_vfs | xFullPathname] method of the VFS.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
 );
@@ -2497,36 +2866,37 @@
 );
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages {F12800}
 **
-** The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric
-** [SQLITE_OK | result code] or [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result code]
-** for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call associated
-** with [sqlite3] handle 'db'. If a prior API call failed but the
-** most recent API call succeeded, the return value from sqlite3_errcode()
-** is undefined.
+** The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
+** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
+** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
+** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
+** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
-** text that describes the error, as either UTF8 or UTF16 respectively.
+** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
 ** Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
-** The application does not need to worry with freeing the result.
+** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.
+**
+** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
+** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
+** error code and message may or may not be set.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12801} The [sqlite3_errcode(D)] interface returns the numeric
-**          [SQLITE_OK | result code] or
-**          [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result code]
-**          for the most recently failed interface call associated
-**          with [database connection] D.
+**          [result code] or [extended result code] for the most recently
+**          failed interface call associated with the [database connection] D.
 **
 ** {F12803} The [sqlite3_errmsg(D)] and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)]
 **          interfaces return English-language text that describes
 **          the error in the mostly recently failed interface call,
-**          encoded as either UTF8 or UTF16 respectively.
+**          encoded as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
 **
 ** {F12807} The strings returned by [sqlite3_errmsg()] and [sqlite3_errmsg16()]
 **          are valid until the next SQLite interface call.
 **
 ** {F12808} Calls to API routines that do not return an error code
@@ -2546,21 +2916,21 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object {F13000}
 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
 **
-** An instance of this object represent single SQL statements.  This
-** object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
+** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
+** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
 ** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
 **
 ** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
 **
 ** <ol>
 ** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
 **      function.
-** <li> Bind values to host parameters using
-**      [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_* interfaces].
+** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
+**      interfaces.
 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
 ** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
 ** </ol>
@@ -2580,24 +2950,24 @@
 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
 ** new limit for that construct.  The function returns the old limit.
 **
 ** If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
 ** For the limit category of SQLITE_LIMIT_XYZ there is a hard upper
-** bound set by a compile-time C-preprocess macro named SQLITE_MAX_XYZ.
+** bound set by a compile-time C preprocessor macro named SQLITE_MAX_XYZ.
 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".)
 ** Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
 ** silently truncated to the hard upper limit.
 **
 ** Run time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
 ** webbrowser that has its own databases for storing history and
-** separate databases controlled by javascript applications downloaded
-** off the internet.  The internal databases can be given the
+** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
+** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
-** attach.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
+** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
 **
 ** This interface is currently considered experimental and is subject
@@ -2604,21 +2974,20 @@
 ** to change or removal without prior notice.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12762} A successful call to [sqlite3_limit(D,C,V)] where V is
-**          positive changes the
-**          limit on the size of construct C in [database connection] D
-**          to the lessor of V and the hard upper bound on the size
-**          of C that is set at compile-time.
+**          positive changes the limit on the size of construct C in the
+**          [database connection] D to the lesser of V and the hard upper
+**          bound on the size of C that is set at compile-time.
 **
 ** {F12766} A successful call to [sqlite3_limit(D,C,V)] where V is negative
-**          leaves the state of [database connection] D unchanged.
+**          leaves the state of the [database connection] D unchanged.
 **
 ** {F12769} A successful call to [sqlite3_limit(D,C,V)] returns the
-**          value of the limit on the size of construct C in
-**          in [database connection] D as it was prior to the call.
+**          value of the limit on the size of construct C in the
+**          [database connection] D as it was prior to the call.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories {F12790}
@@ -2628,12 +2997,11 @@
 ** that can be limited in size by calls to [sqlite3_limit()].
 ** The meanings of the various limits are as follows:
 **
 ** <dl>
 ** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum size of any
-** string or blob or table row.<dd>
+** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row.<dd>
 **
 ** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement.</dd>
 **
 ** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
@@ -2677,79 +3045,74 @@
 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement {F13010}
+** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
 **
 ** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
 ** program using one of these routines.
 **
-** The first argument "db" is an [database connection]
-** obtained from a prior call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()]
-** or [sqlite3_open16()].
-** The second argument "zSql" is the statement to be compiled, encoded
+** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
+** prior call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or [sqlite3_open16()].
+**
+** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
-** interfaces uses UTF-8 and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
-** use UTF-16. {END}
-**
-** If the nByte argument is less
-** than zero, then zSql is read up to the first zero terminator.
-** If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum number of
-** bytes read from zSql.  When nByte is non-negative, the
+** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
+** use UTF-16.
+**
+** If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
+** first zero terminator. If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
+** number of  bytes read from zSql.  When nByte is non-negative, the
 ** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
 ** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
 ** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
-** performance advantage to be had by passing an nByte parameter that
+** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
 ** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
-** the nul-terminator bytes.{END}
+** the nul-terminator bytes.
 **
 ** *pzTail is made to point to the first byte past the end of the
-** first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only compiles the first
+** first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only compile the first
 ** statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to what remains
 ** uncompiled.
 **
 ** *ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
-** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  Or if there is an error, *ppStmt is
-** set to NULL.  If the input text contains no SQL (if the input
-** is and empty string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
-** {U13018} The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the
-** compiled SQL statement
-** using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
-**
-** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an
-** [error code] is returned.
+** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
+** to NULL.  If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
+** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
+** {A13018} The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
+** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
+**
+** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned, otherwise an [error code] is returned.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
 ** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
 ** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
 ** In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
-** original SQL text. {END} This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
+** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
 ** behave a differently in two ways:
 **
 ** <ol>
 ** <li>
 ** If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
 ** statement and try to run it again.  If the schema has changed in
 ** a way that makes the statement no longer valid, [sqlite3_step()] will still
-** return [SQLITE_SCHEMA].  But unlike the legacy behavior,
-** [SQLITE_SCHEMA] is now a fatal error.  Calling
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] again will not make the
+** return [SQLITE_SCHEMA].  But unlike the legacy behavior, [SQLITE_SCHEMA] is
+** now a fatal error.  Calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] again will not make the
 ** error go away.  Note: use [sqlite3_errmsg()] to find the text
-** of the parsing error that results in an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] return. {END}
+** of the parsing error that results in an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] return.
 ** </li>
 **
 ** <li>
-** When an error occurs,
-** [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
-** [error codes] or [extended error codes].
-** The legacy behavior was that [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] result code and you would have to make a second call to
-** [sqlite3_reset()] in order to find the underlying cause of the problem.
-** With the "v2" prepare interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is
-** returned immediately.
+** When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
+** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  The legacy behavior was that
+** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
+** and you would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()] in order
+** to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
+** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
 ** </li>
 ** </ol>
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
@@ -2760,15 +3123,15 @@
 ** {F13012} The [sqlite3_prepare16(db,zSql,...)] and
 **          [sqlite3_prepare16_v2(db,zSql,...)] interfaces interpret the
 **          text in their zSql parameter as UTF-16 in the native byte order.
 **
 ** {F13013} If the nByte argument to [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,nByte,...)]
-**          and its variants is less than zero, then SQL text is
+**          and its variants is less than zero, the SQL text is
 **          read from zSql is read up to the first zero terminator.
 **
 ** {F13014} If the nByte argument to [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,nByte,...)]
-**          and its variants is non-negative, then at most nBytes bytes
+**          and its variants is non-negative, then at most nBytes bytes of
 **          SQL text is read from zSql.
 **
 ** {F13015} In [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,N,P,pzTail)] and its variants
 **          if the zSql input text contains more than one SQL statement
 **          and pzTail is not NULL, then *pzTail is made to point to the
@@ -2775,19 +3138,19 @@
 **          first byte past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.
 **          <todo>What does *pzTail point to if there is one statement?</todo>
 **
 ** {F13016} A successful call to [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,N,ppStmt,...)]
 **          or one of its variants writes into *ppStmt a pointer to a new
-**          [prepared statement] or a pointer to NULL
-**          if zSql contains nothing other than whitespace or comments.
+**          [prepared statement] or a pointer to NULL if zSql contains
+**          nothing other than whitespace or comments.
 **
 ** {F13019} The [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] interface and its variants return
 **          [SQLITE_OK] or an appropriate [error code] upon failure.
 **
 ** {F13021} Before [sqlite3_prepare(db,zSql,nByte,ppStmt,pzTail)] or its
-**          variants returns an error (any value other than [SQLITE_OK])
-**          it first sets *ppStmt to NULL.
+**          variants returns an error (any value other than [SQLITE_OK]),
+**          they first set *ppStmt to NULL.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
@@ -2817,43 +3180,39 @@
 );
 
 /*
 ** CAPIREF: Retrieving Statement SQL {F13100}
 **
-** This intereface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
-** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement].
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F13101} If the [prepared statement] passed as
-**          the an argument to [sqlite3_sql()] was compiled
-**          compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
-**          [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
-**          then [sqlite3_sql()] function returns a pointer to a
-**          zero-terminated string containing a UTF-8 rendering
+** This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
+** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
+** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F13101} If the [prepared statement] passed as the argument to
+**          [sqlite3_sql()] was compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
+**          [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], then [sqlite3_sql()] returns
+**          a pointer to a zero-terminated string containing a UTF-8 rendering
 **          of the original SQL statement.
 **
-** {F13102} If the [prepared statement] passed as
-**          the an argument to [sqlite3_sql()] was compiled
-**          compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare()] or
-**          [sqlite3_prepare16()],
-**          then [sqlite3_sql()] function returns a NULL pointer.
+** {F13102} If the [prepared statement] passed as the argument to
+**          [sqlite3_sql()] was compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare()] or
+**          [sqlite3_prepare16()], then [sqlite3_sql()] returns a NULL pointer.
 **
 ** {F13103} The string returned by [sqlite3_sql(S)] is valid until the
 **          [prepared statement] S is deleted using [sqlite3_finalize(S)].
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Dynamically Typed Value Object  {F15000}
+** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object {F15000}
 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
 **
 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
-** that can be stored in a database table.
-** SQLite uses dynamic typing for the values it stores.
-** Values stored in sqlite3_value objects can be
-** be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
+** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
+** for the values it stores. Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
+** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
 **
 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
@@ -2861,43 +3220,51 @@
 **
 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
 ** a mutex is held.  A internal mutex is held for a protected
 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
-** (with SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
-** then there is no distinction between
-** protected and unprotected sqlite3_value objects and they can be
-** used interchangable.  However, for maximum code portability it
-** is recommended that applications make the distinction between
-** between protected and unprotected sqlite3_value objects even if
-** they are single threaded.
+** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
+** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
+** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
+** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
+** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
+** still make the distinction between between protected and unprotected
+** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
-** implementation of application-defined SQL functions are protected.
+** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
 ** The sqlite3_value object returned by
 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
-** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].  All other
-** interfaces that use sqlite3_value require protected sqlite3_value objects.
+** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
+** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
+** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
 */
 typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  SQL Function Context Object {F16001}
+** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object {F16001}
 **
 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
-** sqlite3_context object.  A pointer to an sqlite3_context
-** object is always first parameter to application-defined SQL functions.
+** sqlite3_context object.  A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
+** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
+** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
+** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
+** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
+** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
+** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
 */
 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Binding Values To Prepared Statements {F13500}
-**
-** In the SQL strings input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its
-** variants, literals may be replace by a parameter in one
-** of these forms:
+** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements {F13500}
+** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
+** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
+**
+** In the SQL strings input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
+** literals may be replaced by a parameter in one of these forms:
 **
 ** <ul>
 ** <li>  ?
 ** <li>  ?NNN
 ** <li>  :VVV
@@ -2904,36 +3271,35 @@
 ** <li>  @VVV
 ** <li>  $VVV
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** In the parameter forms shown above NNN is an integer literal,
-** VVV alpha-numeric parameter name.
-** The values of these parameters (also called "host parameter names"
-** or "SQL parameters")
+** and VVV is an alpha-numeric parameter name. The values of these
+** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
 **
-** The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines always
-** is a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants. The second
-** argument is the index of the parameter to be set. The
-** first parameter has an index of 1.  When the same named
-** parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
+** The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
+** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
+**
+** The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
+** The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  When the same named
+** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
 ** The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()] API if desired.  The index
+** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  The index
 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
-** The NNN value must be between 1 and the compile-time
-** parameter SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER (default value: 999).
+** The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
+** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
 **
 ** The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
 **
-** In those
-** routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the number of bytes
-** in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the number of <u>bytes</u>
-** in the value, not the number of characters.
+** In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
+** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
+** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.
 ** If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
-** number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
+** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
 **
 ** The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
 ** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
 ** string after SQLite has finished with it. If the fifth argument is
 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
@@ -2941,45 +3307,44 @@
 ** If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
 ** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
 ** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
-** is filled with zeros.  A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
-** (just an integer to hold it size) while it is being processed.
-** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as place-holders for BLOBs whose
+** is filled with zeroes.  A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
+** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
+** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
 ** content is later written using
-** [sqlite3_blob_open | increment BLOB I/O] routines. A negative
-** value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
+** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
+** A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_bind_*() routines must be called after
 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] (and its variants) or [sqlite3_reset()] and
 ** before [sqlite3_step()].
 ** Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
 ** Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
 **
 ** These routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an error code if
 ** anything goes wrong.  [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
-** index is out of range.  [SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc fails.
+** index is out of range.  [SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] might be returned if these routines are called on a
 ** virtual machine that is the wrong state or which has already been finalized.
 ** Detection of misuse is unreliable.  Applications should not depend
 ** on SQLITE_MISUSE returns.  SQLITE_MISUSE is intended to indicate a
 ** a logic error in the application.  Future versions of SQLite might
 ** panic rather than return SQLITE_MISUSE.
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F13506} The [sqlite3_prepare | SQL statement compiler] recognizes
-**          tokens of the forms "?", "?NNN", "$VVV", ":VVV", and "@VVV"
-**          as SQL parameters, where NNN is any sequence of one or more
-**          digits and where VVV is any sequence of one or more
-**          alphanumeric characters or "::" optionally followed by
-**          a string containing no spaces and contained within parentheses.
+** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F13506} The [SQL statement compiler] recognizes tokens of the forms
+**          "?", "?NNN", "$VVV", ":VVV", and "@VVV" as SQL parameters,
+**          where NNN is any sequence of one or more digits
+**          and where VVV is any sequence of one or more alphanumeric
+**          characters or "::" optionally followed by a string containing
+**          no spaces and contained within parentheses.
 **
 ** {F13509} The initial value of an SQL parameter is NULL.
 **
 ** {F13512} The index of an "?" SQL parameter is one larger than the
 **          largest index of SQL parameter to the left, or 1 if
@@ -2986,18 +3351,19 @@
 **          the "?" is the leftmost SQL parameter.
 **
 ** {F13515} The index of an "?NNN" SQL parameter is the integer NNN.
 **
 ** {F13518} The index of an ":VVV", "$VVV", or "@VVV" SQL parameter is
-**          the same as the index of leftmost occurances of the same
+**          the same as the index of leftmost occurrences of the same
 **          parameter, or one more than the largest index over all
-**          parameters to the left if this is the first occurrance
+**          parameters to the left if this is the first occurrence
 **          of this parameter, or 1 if this is the leftmost parameter.
 **
-** {F13521} The [sqlite3_prepare | SQL statement compiler] fail with
-**          an [SQLITE_RANGE] error if the index of an SQL parameter
-**          is less than 1 or greater than SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER.
+** {F13521} The [SQL statement compiler] fails with an [SQLITE_RANGE]
+**          error if the index of an SQL parameter is less than 1
+**          or greater than the compile-time SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER
+**          parameter.
 **
 ** {F13524} Calls to [sqlite3_bind_text | sqlite3_bind(S,N,V,...)]
 **          associate the value V with all SQL parameters having an
 **          index of N in the [prepared statement] S.
 **
@@ -3008,11 +3374,11 @@
 **          persist across calls to [sqlite3_reset(S)].
 **
 ** {F13533} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_blob(S,N,V,L,D)],
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)], or
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] SQLite binds the first L
-**          bytes of the blob or string pointed to by V, when L
+**          bytes of the BLOB or string pointed to by V, when L
 **          is non-negative.
 **
 ** {F13536} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)] or
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] SQLite binds characters
 **          from V through the first zero character when L is negative.
@@ -3026,20 +3392,20 @@
 **
 ** {F13542} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_blob(S,N,V,L,D)],
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)], or
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] when D is the special
 **          constant [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], the routine makes a
-**          private copy of V value before it returns.
+**          private copy of the value V before it returns.
 **
 ** {F13545} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_blob(S,N,V,L,D)],
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)], or
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] when D is a pointer to
 **          a function, SQLite invokes that function to destroy the
-**          V value after it has finished using the V value.
+**          value V after it has finished using the value V.
 **
 ** {F13548} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(S,N,V,L)] the value bound
-**          is a blob of L bytes, or a zero-length blob if L is negative.
+**          is a BLOB of L bytes, or a zero-length BLOB if L is negative.
 **
 ** {F13551} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_value(S,N,V)] the V argument may
 **          be either a [protected sqlite3_value] object or an
 **          [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
 */
@@ -3054,51 +3420,51 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters {F13600}
 **
-** This routine can be used to find the number of SQL parameters
-** in a prepared statement.  SQL parameters are tokens of the
+** This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
+** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
-** place-holders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
+** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
 ** to the parameters at a later time.
 **
-** This routine actually returns the index of the largest parameter.
-** For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the number of
-** unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN are used, there may
-** be gaps in the list.
+** This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
+** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
+** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN are used,
+** there may be gaps in the list.
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13601} The [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(S)] interface returns
 **          the largest index of all SQL parameters in the
-**          [prepared statement] S, or 0 if S
-**          contains no SQL parameters.
+**          [prepared statement] S, or 0 if S contains no SQL parameters.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter {F13620}
 **
 ** This routine returns a pointer to the name of the n-th
-** SQL parameter in a [prepared statement].
+** [SQL parameter] in a [prepared statement].
 ** SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
 ** respectively.
 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
 ** is included as part of the name.
-** Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name.
+** Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
+** and are also referred to as "anonymous parameters".
 **
 ** The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
 **
 ** If the value n is out of range or if the n-th parameter is
 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  The returned string is
-** always in the UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
+** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
@@ -3106,11 +3472,11 @@
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13621} The [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(S,N)] interface returns
 **          a UTF-8 rendering of the name of the SQL parameter in
-**          [prepared statement] S having index N, or
+**          the [prepared statement] S having index N, or
 **          NULL if there is no SQL parameter with index N or if the
 **          parameter with index N is an anonymous parameter "?".
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
 
@@ -3129,65 +3495,59 @@
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13641} The [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(S,N)] interface returns
-**          the index of SQL parameter in [prepared statement]
+**          the index of SQL parameter in the [prepared statement]
 **          S whose name matches the UTF-8 string N, or 0 if there is
 **          no match.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement {F13660}
 **
-** Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not
-** reset the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a
-** [prepared statement].  Use this routine to
-** reset all host parameters to NULL.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F13661} The [sqlite3_clear_bindings(S)] interface resets all
-**          SQL parameter bindings in [prepared statement] S
-**          back to NULL.
+** Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
+** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
+** Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F13661} The [sqlite3_clear_bindings(S)] interface resets all SQL
+**          parameter bindings in the [prepared statement] S back to NULL.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set {F13710}
 **
 ** Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
-** [prepared statement]. This routine returns 0
-** if pStmt is an SQL statement that does not return data (for
-** example an UPDATE).
+** [prepared statement]. This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
+** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13711} The [sqlite3_column_count(S)] interface returns the number of
-**          columns in the result set generated by the
-**          [prepared statement] S, or 0 if S does not generate
-**          a result set.
+**          columns in the result set generated by the [prepared statement] S,
+**          or 0 if S does not generate a result set.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set {F13720}
 **
 ** These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
-** in the result set of a SELECT statement.  The sqlite3_column_name()
-** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF8 string
+** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  The sqlite3_column_name()
+** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
-** UTF16 string.  The first parameter is the
-** [prepared statement] that implements the SELECT statement.
-** The second parameter is the column number.  The left-most column is
-** number 0.
-**
-** The returned string pointer is valid until either the
-** [prepared statement] is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()]
-** or until the next call sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16()
-** on the same column.
+** UTF-16 string.  The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
+** that implements the [SELECT] statement. The second parameter is the
+** column number.  The leftmost column is number 0.
+**
+** The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
+** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the next call to
+** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
 **
 ** If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
 ** NULL pointer is returned.
 **
@@ -3197,139 +3557,127 @@
 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13721} A successful invocation of the [sqlite3_column_name(S,N)]
-**          interface returns the name
-**          of the Nth column (where 0 is the left-most column) for the
-**          result set of [prepared statement] S as a
-**          zero-terminated UTF-8 string.
+**          interface returns the name of the Nth column (where 0 is
+**          the leftmost column) for the result set of the
+**          [prepared statement] S as a zero-terminated UTF-8 string.
 **
 ** {F13723} A successful invocation of the [sqlite3_column_name16(S,N)]
-**          interface returns the name
-**          of the Nth column (where 0 is the left-most column) for the
-**          result set of [prepared statement] S as a
-**          zero-terminated UTF-16 string in the native byte order.
+**          interface returns the name of the Nth column (where 0 is
+**          the leftmost column) for the result set of the
+**          [prepared statement] S as a zero-terminated UTF-16 string
+**          in the native byte order.
 **
 ** {F13724} The [sqlite3_column_name()] and [sqlite3_column_name16()]
 **          interfaces return a NULL pointer if they are unable to
-**          allocate memory memory to hold there normal return strings.
+**          allocate memory to hold their normal return strings.
 **
 ** {F13725} If the N parameter to [sqlite3_column_name(S,N)] or
 **          [sqlite3_column_name16(S,N)] is out of range, then the
-**          interfaces returns a NULL pointer.
+**          interfaces return a NULL pointer.
 **
 ** {F13726} The strings returned by [sqlite3_column_name(S,N)] and
 **          [sqlite3_column_name16(S,N)] are valid until the next
 **          call to either routine with the same S and N parameters
 **          or until [sqlite3_finalize(S)] is called.
 **
 ** {F13727} When a result column of a [SELECT] statement contains
-**          an AS clause, the name of that column is the indentifier
+**          an AS clause, the name of that column is the identifier
 **          to the right of the AS keyword.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result {F13740}
 **
 ** These routines provide a means to determine what column of what
-** table in which database a result of a SELECT statement comes from.
+** table in which database a result of a [SELECT] statement comes from.
 ** The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
-** either a UTF8 or UTF16 string.  The _database_ routines return
+** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  The _database_ routines return
 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
-** The returned string is valid until
-** the [prepared statement] is destroyed using
-** [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
+** The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
+** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
 ** again in a different encoding.
 **
 ** The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
 ** database, table, and column.
 **
 ** The first argument to the following calls is a [prepared statement].
 ** These functions return information about the Nth column returned by
 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
 **
-** If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression
-** or subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions
-** return NULL.  These routine might also return NULL if a memory
-** allocation error occurs.  Otherwise, they return the
-** name of the attached database, table and column that query result
-** column was extracted from.
+** If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
+** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
+** NULL.  These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
+** occurs.  Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table
+** and column that query result column was extracted from.
 **
 ** As with all other SQLite APIs, those postfixed with "16" return
 ** UTF-16 encoded strings, the other functions return UTF-8. {END}
 **
 ** These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
-** SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA preprocessor symbol defined.
-**
-** {U13751}
+** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
+**
+** {A13751}
 ** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
 ** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
 ** undefined.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13741} The [sqlite3_column_database_name(S,N)] interface returns either
 **          the UTF-8 zero-terminated name of the database from which the
-**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
-**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
-**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
-**          to store the name.
+**          Nth result column of the [prepared statement] S is extracted,
+**          or NULL if the Nth column of S is a general expression
+**          or if unable to allocate memory to store the name.
 **
 ** {F13742} The [sqlite3_column_database_name16(S,N)] interface returns either
-**          the UTF-16 native byte order
-**          zero-terminated name of the database from which the
-**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
-**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
-**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
-**          to store the name.
+**          the UTF-16 native byte order zero-terminated name of the database
+**          from which the Nth result column of the [prepared statement] S is
+**          extracted, or NULL if the Nth column of S is a general expression
+**          or if unable to allocate memory to store the name.
 **
 ** {F13743} The [sqlite3_column_table_name(S,N)] interface returns either
 **          the UTF-8 zero-terminated name of the table from which the
-**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
-**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
-**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
-**          to store the name.
+**          Nth result column of the [prepared statement] S is extracted,
+**          or NULL if the Nth column of S is a general expression
+**          or if unable to allocate memory to store the name.
 **
 ** {F13744} The [sqlite3_column_table_name16(S,N)] interface returns either
-**          the UTF-16 native byte order
-**          zero-terminated name of the table from which the
-**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
-**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
-**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
-**          to store the name.
+**          the UTF-16 native byte order zero-terminated name of the table
+**          from which the Nth result column of the [prepared statement] S is
+**          extracted, or NULL if the Nth column of S is a general expression
+**          or if unable to allocate memory to store the name.
 **
 ** {F13745} The [sqlite3_column_origin_name(S,N)] interface returns either
 **          the UTF-8 zero-terminated name of the table column from which the
-**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
-**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
-**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
-**          to store the name.
+**          Nth result column of the [prepared statement] S is extracted,
+**          or NULL if the Nth column of S is a general expression
+**          or if unable to allocate memory to store the name.
 **
 ** {F13746} The [sqlite3_column_origin_name16(S,N)] interface returns either
-**          the UTF-16 native byte order
-**          zero-terminated name of the table column from which the
-**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
-**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
-**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
+**          the UTF-16 native byte order zero-terminated name of the table
+**          column from which the Nth result column of the
+**          [prepared statement] S is extracted, or NULL if the Nth column
+**          of S is a general expression or if unable to allocate memory
 **          to store the name.
 **
 ** {F13748} The return values from
-**          [sqlite3_column_database_name|column metadata interfaces]
-**          are valid
-**          for the lifetime of the [prepared statement]
+**          [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
+**          are valid for the lifetime of the [prepared statement]
 **          or until the encoding is changed by another metadata
 **          interface call for the same prepared statement and column.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U13751} If two or more threads call one or more
-**          [sqlite3_column_database_name|column metadata interfaces]
-**          the same [prepared statement] and result column
+** {A13751} If two or more threads call one or more
+**          [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
+**          for the same [prepared statement] and result column
 **          at the same time then the results are undefined.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
@@ -3339,27 +3687,27 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result {F13760}
 **
 ** The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
-** If this statement is a SELECT statement and the Nth column of the
-** returned result set of that SELECT is a table column (not an
+** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
+** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
 ** column is returned.  If the Nth column of the result set is an
 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
-** The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.  {END}
-** For example, in the database schema:
+** The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded. {END}
+**
+** For example, given the database schema:
 **
 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
 **
-** And the following statement compiled:
+** and the following statement to be compiled:
 **
 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
 **
-** Then this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second
-** result column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column
-** (i==0).
+** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
+** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).
 **
 ** SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  So just because a column
 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  Type
@@ -3366,77 +3714,73 @@
 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
 ** used to hold those values.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F13761}  A successful call to [sqlite3_column_decltype(S,N)]
-**           returns a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the
-**           the declared datatype of the table column that appears
-**           as the Nth column (numbered from 0) of the result set to the
-**           [prepared statement] S.
+** {F13761}  A successful call to [sqlite3_column_decltype(S,N)] returns a
+**           zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the declared datatype
+**           of the table column that appears as the Nth column (numbered
+**           from 0) of the result set to the [prepared statement] S.
 **
 ** {F13762}  A successful call to [sqlite3_column_decltype16(S,N)]
 **           returns a zero-terminated UTF-16 native byte order string
 **           containing the declared datatype of the table column that appears
 **           as the Nth column (numbered from 0) of the result set to the
 **           [prepared statement] S.
 **
 ** {F13763}  If N is less than 0 or N is greater than or equal to
-**           the number of columns in [prepared statement] S
+**           the number of columns in the [prepared statement] S,
 **           or if the Nth column of S is an expression or subquery rather
-**           than a table column or if a memory allocation failure
+**           than a table column, or if a memory allocation failure
 **           occurs during encoding conversions, then
 **           calls to [sqlite3_column_decltype(S,N)] or
 **           [sqlite3_column_decltype16(S,N)] return NULL.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Evaluate An SQL Statement {F13200}
-**
-** After an [prepared statement] has been prepared with a call
-** to either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or to one of
-** the legacy interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()],
-** then this function must be called one or more times to evaluate the
-** statement.
-**
-** The details of the behavior of this sqlite3_step() interface depend
+** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement {F13200}
+**
+** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
+** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
+** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
+**
+** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
 ** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
 ** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
 ** interface will continue to be supported.
 **
 ** In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
-** With the "v2" interface, any of the other [SQLITE_OK | result code]
-** or [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result code] might be returned as
-** well.
+** With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
+** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
 **
 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
-** database locks it needs to do its job.  If the statement is a COMMIT
+** database locks it needs to do its job.  If the statement is a [COMMIT]
 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
-** statement.  If the statement is not a COMMIT and occurs within a
+** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within a
 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
 ** continuing.
 **
 ** [SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
 ** machine back to its initial state.
 **
-** If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then
-** [SQLITE_ROW] is returned each time a new row of data is ready
-** for processing by the caller. The values may be accessed using
-** the [sqlite3_column_int | column access functions].
+** If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
+** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
+** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
 **
 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
-** With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (example:
+** With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
 ** [prepared statement].  In the "v2" interface,
 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
 **
@@ -3445,79 +3789,74 @@
 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
 **
-** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b>
-** In the legacy interface,
-** the sqlite3_step() API always returns a generic error code,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR], following any error other than [SQLITE_BUSY]
-** and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call [sqlite3_reset()] or
-** [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the specific
-** [error codes] that better describes the error.
+** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
+** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
+** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
+** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
+** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
 ** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
-** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()], then the
-** more specific [error codes] are returned directly
+** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
+** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F13202}  If [prepared statement] S is ready to be
-**           run, then [sqlite3_step(S)] advances that prepared statement
-**           until to completion or until it is ready to return another
-**           row of the result set or an interrupt or run-time error occurs.
-**
-** {F15304}  When a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] causes the
-**           [prepared statement] S to run to completion,
-**           the function returns [SQLITE_DONE].
-**
-** {F15306}  When a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] stops because it is ready
-**           to return another row of the result set, it returns
-**           [SQLITE_ROW].
+** {F13202}  If the [prepared statement] S is ready to be run, then
+**           [sqlite3_step(S)] advances that prepared statement until
+**           completion or until it is ready to return another row of the
+**           result set, or until an [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt]
+**           or a run-time error occurs.
+**
+** {F15304}  When a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] causes the [prepared statement]
+**           S to run to completion, the function returns [SQLITE_DONE].
+**
+** {F15306}  When a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] stops because it is ready to
+**           return another row of the result set, it returns [SQLITE_ROW].
 **
 ** {F15308}  If a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] encounters an
-**           [sqlite3_interrupt|interrupt] or a run-time error,
-**           it returns an appropraite error code that is not one of
+**           [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt] or a run-time error,
+**           it returns an appropriate error code that is not one of
 **           [SQLITE_OK], [SQLITE_ROW], or [SQLITE_DONE].
 **
-** {F15310}  If an [sqlite3_interrupt|interrupt] or run-time error
+** {F15310}  If an [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt] or a run-time error
 **           occurs during a call to [sqlite3_step(S)]
 **           for a [prepared statement] S created using
 **           legacy interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or
-**           [sqlite3_prepare16()] then the function returns either
+**           [sqlite3_prepare16()], then the function returns either
 **           [SQLITE_ERROR], [SQLITE_BUSY], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set {F13770}
 **
-** Return the number of values in the current row of the result set.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F13771}  After a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] that returns
-**           [SQLITE_ROW], the [sqlite3_data_count(S)] routine
-**           will return the same value as the
-**           [sqlite3_column_count(S)] function.
+** Returns the number of values in the current row of the result set.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F13771}  After a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] that returns [SQLITE_ROW],
+**           the [sqlite3_data_count(S)] routine will return the same value
+**           as the [sqlite3_column_count(S)] function.
 **
 ** {F13772}  After [sqlite3_step(S)] has returned any value other than
-**           [SQLITE_ROW] or before [sqlite3_step(S)] has been
-**           called on the [prepared statement] for
-**           the first time since it was [sqlite3_prepare|prepared]
-**           or [sqlite3_reset|reset], the [sqlite3_data_count(S)]
-**           routine returns zero.
+**           [SQLITE_ROW] or before [sqlite3_step(S)] has been called on the
+**           [prepared statement] for the first time since it was
+**           [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] or [sqlite3_reset | reset],
+**           the [sqlite3_data_count(S)] routine returns zero.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes {F10265}
 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
 **
-** {F10266}Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
+** {F10266} Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
 **
 ** <ul>
 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
 ** <li> string
@@ -3527,11 +3866,11 @@
 **
 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
 **
 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
-** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT not
+** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
 */
 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
@@ -3542,37 +3881,35 @@
 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
 #endif
 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF: Results Values From A Query {F13800}
+** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query {F13800}
+** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
 **
 ** These routines form the "result set query" interface.
 **
-** These routines return information about
-** a single column of the current result row of a query.  In every
-** case the first argument is a pointer to the
-** [prepared statement] that is being
-** evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*] that was returned from
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants) and
-** the second argument is the index of the column for which information
-** should be returned.  The left-most column of the result set
-** has an index of 0.
-**
-** If the SQL statement is not currently point to a valid row, or if the
-** the column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
+** These routines return information about a single column of the current
+** result row of a query.  In every case the first argument is a pointer
+** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
+** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
+** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
+** should be returned.  The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
+**
+** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
+** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
-** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] has been call subsequently.
+** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
 **
-** The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns
+** The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
 ** of the result column.  The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
 ** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
 ** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
@@ -3591,11 +3928,11 @@
 ** of the string.  For clarity: the value returned is the number of
 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
 **
 ** Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
 ** even empty strings, are always zero terminated.  The return
-** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length blob is an arbitrary
+** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is an arbitrary
 ** pointer, possibly even a NULL pointer.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_column_bytes16() routine is similar to sqlite3_column_bytes()
 ** but leaves the result in UTF-16 in native byte order instead of UTF-8.
 ** The zero terminator is not included in this count.
@@ -3603,19 +3940,18 @@
 ** The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
 ** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
-** to routines like
-** [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or [sqlite3_value_bytes()],
-** then the behavior is undefined.
+** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
+** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
 **
 ** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  For
 ** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
-** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to do the conversion
-** automatically.  The following table details the conversions that
-** are applied:
+** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
+** conversion automatically.  The following table details the conversions
+** that are applied:
 **
 ** <blockquote>
 ** <table border="1">
 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
 **
@@ -3623,11 +3959,11 @@
 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as for INTEGER->TEXT
+** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
@@ -3638,11 +3974,11 @@
 ** </table>
 ** </blockquote>
 **
 ** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
 ** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
-** on equavalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
+** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
 ** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
 ** C programmers.
 **
 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
@@ -3649,49 +3985,48 @@
 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
 ** in the following cases:
 **
 ** <ul>
-** <li><p>  The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text()
-**          or sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
-**          need to be added to the string.</p></li>
-**
-** <li><p>  The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
-**          sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
-**          to UTF-16.</p></li>
-**
-** <li><p>  The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
-**          sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
-**          to UTF-8.</p></li>
+** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
+**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
+**      need to be added to the string.</li>
+** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
+**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
+**      to UTF-16.</li>
+** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
+**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
+**      to UTF-8.</li>
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
 ** that the prior pointer points to will have been modified.  Other kinds
-** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometime it is
-** not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
+** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
+** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
 **
 ** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
 ** in one of the following ways:
 **
-**  <ul>
+** <ul>
 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
-**  </ul>
-**
-** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(), sqlite3_column_blob(),
-** or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result into the desired
-** format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or sqlite3_column_bytes16() to
-** find the size of the result.  Do not mix call to sqlite3_column_text() or
-** sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes16().  And do not
-** mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16() with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
+** </ul>
+**
+** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
+** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
+** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
+** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
+** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
+** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
+** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
 **
 ** The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  The memory space used to hold strings
-** and blobs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
+** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
 ** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
 ** [sqlite3_free()].
 **
 ** If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
 ** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
@@ -3701,15 +4036,15 @@
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13803} The [sqlite3_column_blob(S,N)] interface converts the
 **          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
-**          [prepared statement] S into a blob and then returns a
+**          the [prepared statement] S into a BLOB and then returns a
 **          pointer to the converted value.
 **
 ** {F13806} The [sqlite3_column_bytes(S,N)] interface returns the
-**          number of bytes in the blob or string (exclusive of the
+**          number of bytes in the BLOB or string (exclusive of the
 **          zero terminator on the string) that was returned by the
 **          most recent call to [sqlite3_column_blob(S,N)] or
 **          [sqlite3_column_text(S,N)].
 **
 ** {F13809} The [sqlite3_column_bytes16(S,N)] interface returns the
@@ -3716,45 +4051,45 @@
 **          number of bytes in the string (exclusive of the
 **          zero terminator on the string) that was returned by the
 **          most recent call to [sqlite3_column_text16(S,N)].
 **
 ** {F13812} The [sqlite3_column_double(S,N)] interface converts the
-**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
+**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for the
 **          [prepared statement] S into a floating point value and
 **          returns a copy of that value.
 **
 ** {F13815} The [sqlite3_column_int(S,N)] interface converts the
-**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
+**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for the
 **          [prepared statement] S into a 64-bit signed integer and
 **          returns the lower 32 bits of that integer.
 **
 ** {F13818} The [sqlite3_column_int64(S,N)] interface converts the
-**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
+**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for the
 **          [prepared statement] S into a 64-bit signed integer and
 **          returns a copy of that integer.
 **
 ** {F13821} The [sqlite3_column_text(S,N)] interface converts the
 **          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
-**          [prepared statement] S into a zero-terminated UTF-8
+**          the [prepared statement] S into a zero-terminated UTF-8
 **          string and returns a pointer to that string.
 **
 ** {F13824} The [sqlite3_column_text16(S,N)] interface converts the
-**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
+**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for the
 **          [prepared statement] S into a zero-terminated 2-byte
-**          aligned UTF-16 native byte order
-**          string and returns a pointer to that string.
+**          aligned UTF-16 native byte order string and returns
+**          a pointer to that string.
 **
 ** {F13827} The [sqlite3_column_type(S,N)] interface returns
 **          one of [SQLITE_NULL], [SQLITE_INTEGER], [SQLITE_FLOAT],
 **          [SQLITE_TEXT], or [SQLITE_BLOB] as appropriate for
 **          the Nth column in the current row of the result set for
-**          [prepared statement] S.
+**          the [prepared statement] S.
 **
 ** {F13830} The [sqlite3_column_value(S,N)] interface returns a
 **          pointer to an [unprotected sqlite3_value] object for the
 **          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
-**          [prepared statement] S.
+**          the [prepared statement] S.
 */
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
@@ -3766,22 +4101,20 @@
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object {F13300}
 **
-** The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a
-** [prepared statement]. If the statement was
-** executed successfully, or not executed at all, then SQLITE_OK is returned.
-** If execution of the statement failed then an
-** [error code] or [extended error code]
-** is returned.
+** The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
+** If the statement was executed successfully or not executed at all, then
+** SQLITE_OK is returned. If execution of the statement failed then an
+** [error code] or [extended error code] is returned.
 **
 ** This routine can be called at any point during the execution of the
 ** [prepared statement].  If the virtual machine has not
 ** completed execution when this routine is called, that is like
-** encountering an error or an interrupt.  (See [sqlite3_interrupt()].)
-** Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions cancelled,
+** encountering an error or an [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt].
+** Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions canceled,
 ** depending on the circumstances, and the
 ** [error code] returned will be [SQLITE_ABORT].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
@@ -3796,56 +4129,56 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object {F13330}
 **
-** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a
-** [prepared statement] object.
-** back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
+** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
+** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
 ** Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
 **
 ** {F11332} The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
 **          back to the beginning of its program.
 **
-** {F11334} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for
+** {F11334} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
 **          [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
 **          or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
 **          then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
 **
-** {F11336} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for
+** {F11336} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
 **          [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
 **          [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
 **
 ** {F11338} The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
-**          of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on [prepared statement] S.
+**          of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions {F16100}
 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
-**
-** These two functions (collectively known as
-** "function creation routines") are used to add SQL functions or aggregates
-** or to redefine the behavior of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The
-** difference only between the two is that the second parameter, the
-** name of the (scalar) function or aggregate, is encoded in UTF-8 for
-** sqlite3_create_function() and UTF-16 for sqlite3_create_function16().
+** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
+** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
+**
+** These two functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
+** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
+** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only difference between the
+** two is that the second parameter, the name of the (scalar) function or
+** aggregate, is encoded in UTF-8 for sqlite3_create_function() and UTF-16
+** for sqlite3_create_function16().
 **
 ** The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
-** function is to be added.  If a single
-** program uses more than one [database connection] internally, then SQL
-** functions must be added individually to each [database connection].
-**
-** The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created
-** or redefined.
-** The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes, exclusive of the
-** zero-terminator.  Note that the name length limit is in bytes, not
+** function is to be added.  If a single program uses more than one database
+** connection internally, then SQL functions must be added individually to
+** each database connection.
+**
+** The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
+** redefined.  The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes, exclusive of
+** the zero-terminator.  Note that the name length limit is in bytes, not
 ** characters.  Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
-** will result in an SQLITE_ERROR error.
+** will result in [SQLITE_ERROR] being returned.
 **
 ** The third parameter is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
 ** aggregate takes. If this parameter is negative, then the SQL function or
 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments.
 **
@@ -3856,46 +4189,42 @@
 ** more efficient with one encoding than another.  It is allowed to
 ** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
 ** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
 ** When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
-** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what
-** text encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be
-** [SQLITE_ANY].
-**
-** The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation
-** of the function can gain access to this pointer using
-** [sqlite3_user_data()].
+** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
+** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
+**
+** The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
+** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].
 **
 ** The seventh, eighth and ninth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
-** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL
-** function or aggregate. A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of
-** the xFunc callback only, NULL pointers should be passed as the xStep
-** and xFinal parameters. An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation
-** of xStep and xFinal and NULL should be passed for xFunc. To delete an
-** existing SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL for all three function
-** callback.
+** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
+** aggregate. A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
+** callback only, NULL pointers should be passed as the xStep and xFinal
+** parameters. An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
+** and xFinal and NULL should be passed for xFunc. To delete an existing
+** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL for all three function callbacks.
 **
 ** It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
-** arguments or differing perferred text encodings.  SQLite will use
+** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  SQLite will use
 ** the implementation most closely matches the way in which the
 ** SQL function is used.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F16103} The [sqlite3_create_function16()] interface behaves exactly
 **          like [sqlite3_create_function()] in every way except that it
-**          interprets the zFunctionName argument as
-**          zero-terminated UTF-16 native byte order instead of as a
-**          zero-terminated UTF-8.
+**          interprets the zFunctionName argument as zero-terminated UTF-16
+**          native byte order instead of as zero-terminated UTF-8.
 **
 ** {F16106} A successful invocation of
 **          the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,...)] interface registers
-**          or replaces callback functions in [database connection] D
+**          or replaces callback functions in the [database connection] D
 **          used to implement the SQL function named X with N parameters
-**          and having a perferred text encoding of E.
+**          and having a preferred text encoding of E.
 **
 ** {F16109} A successful call to [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
 **          replaces the P, F, S, and L values from any prior calls with
 **          the same D, X, N, and E values.
 **
@@ -3935,11 +4264,11 @@
 **          the same number of arguments N but with different
 **          encodings E, then the implementation where E matches the
 **          database encoding is preferred.
 **
 ** {F16139} For an aggregate SQL function created using
-**          [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,0,S,L)] the finializer
+**          [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,0,S,L)] the finalizer
 **          function L will always be invoked exactly once if the
 **          step function S is called one or more times.
 **
 ** {F16142} When SQLite invokes either the xFunc or xStep function of
 **          an application-defined SQL function or aggregate created
@@ -4014,46 +4343,44 @@
 **
 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
 ** object results in undefined behavior.
 **
-** These routines work just like the corresponding
-** [sqlite3_column_blob | sqlite3_column_* routines] except that
-** these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object pointer
-** instead of an [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
-**
-** The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF16 string
+** These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
+** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
+** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
+**
+** The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  The
 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
-** extract UTF16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
+** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
-** words if the value is a string that looks like a number)
-** then the conversion is done.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.  The
-** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.
-**
-** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer that
-** is returned from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
+** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
+** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
+** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.
+**
+** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
+** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
 **
 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
 **
-**
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F15103} The [sqlite3_value_blob(V)] interface converts the
-**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a blob and then returns a
-**          pointer to the converted value.
+**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a BLOB and then
+**          returns a pointer to the converted value.
 **
 ** {F15106} The [sqlite3_value_bytes(V)] interface returns the
-**          number of bytes in the blob or string (exclusive of the
+**          number of bytes in the BLOB or string (exclusive of the
 **          zero terminator on the string) that was returned by the
 **          most recent call to [sqlite3_value_blob(V)] or
 **          [sqlite3_value_text(V)].
 **
 ** {F15109} The [sqlite3_value_bytes16(V)] interface returns the
@@ -4101,12 +4428,12 @@
 ** {F15136} The [sqlite3_value_numeric_type(V)] interface converts
 **          the [protected sqlite3_value] object V into either an integer or
 **          a floating point value if it can do so without loss of
 **          information, and returns one of [SQLITE_NULL],
 **          [SQLITE_INTEGER], [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], or
-**          [SQLITE_BLOB] as appropriate for
-**          the [protected sqlite3_value] object V after the conversion attempt.
+**          [SQLITE_BLOB] as appropriate for the
+**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V after the conversion attempt.
 */
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
@@ -4122,36 +4449,34 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context {F16210}
 **
 ** The implementation of aggregate SQL functions use this routine to allocate
 ** a structure for storing their state.
-** The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context() routine is
-** is called for a particular aggregate, SQLite allocates nBytes of memory
-** zeros that memory, and returns a pointer to it.
-** On second and subsequent calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context()
-** for the same aggregate function index, the same buffer is returned.
-** The implementation
-** of the aggregate can use the returned buffer to accumulate data.
+**
+** The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context() routine is called for a
+** particular aggregate, SQLite allocates nBytes of memory, zeroes out that
+** memory, and returns a pointer to it. On second and subsequent calls to
+** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function index,
+** the same buffer is returned. The implementation of the aggregate can use
+** the returned buffer to accumulate data.
 **
 ** SQLite automatically frees the allocated buffer when the aggregate
 ** query concludes.
 **
 ** The first parameter should be a copy of the
-** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first
-** parameter to the callback routine that implements the aggregate
-** function.
+** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
+** to the callback routine that implements the aggregate function.
 **
 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F16211} The first invocation of [sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N)] for
 **          a particular instance of an aggregate function (for a particular
-**          context C) causes SQLite to allocation N bytes of memory,
-**          zero that memory, and return a pointer to the allocationed
-**          memory.
+**          context C) causes SQLite to allocate N bytes of memory,
+**          zero that memory, and return a pointer to the allocated memory.
 **
 ** {F16213} If a memory allocation error occurs during
 **          [sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N)] then the function returns 0.
 **
 ** {F16215} Second and subsequent invocations of
@@ -4169,11 +4494,11 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions {F16240}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
-** of the the [sqlite3_create_function()]
+** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
 ** registered the application defined function. {END}
 **
 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
 ** the application-defined function is running.
@@ -4181,72 +4506,68 @@
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F16243} The [sqlite3_user_data(C)] interface returns a copy of the
 **          P pointer from the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
 **          or [sqlite3_create_function16(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)] call that
-**          registered the SQL function associated with
-**          [sqlite3_context] C.
+**          registered the SQL function associated with [sqlite3_context] C.
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions {F16250}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
-** of the the [sqlite3_create_function()]
+** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
 ** registered the application defined function.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F16253} The [sqlite3_context_db_handle(C)] interface returns a copy of the
 **          D pointer from the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
 **          or [sqlite3_create_function16(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)] call that
-**          registered the SQL function associated with
-**          [sqlite3_context] C.
+**          registered the SQL function associated with [sqlite3_context] C.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data {F16270}
 **
 ** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
-** associate meta-data with argument values. If the same value is passed to
+** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
 ** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
-** some circumstances the associated meta-data may be preserved. This may
+** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
 ** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
-** meta-data associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
+** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
 ** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
 ** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
 ** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
 **
-** The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the meta-data
+** The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
-** value to the application-defined function.
-** If no meta-data has been ever been set for the Nth
-** argument of the function, or if the cooresponding function parameter
-** has changed since the meta-data was set, then sqlite3_get_auxdata()
-** returns a NULL pointer.
-**
-** The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the meta-data
-** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the meta-data for the N-th
+** value to the application-defined function. If no metadata has been ever
+** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
+** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
+** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
+**
+** The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
+** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
 ** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
 ** not been destroyed.
 ** If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
 ** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
-** the meta-data when the corresponding function parameter changes
+** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
 ** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
 **
-** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop meta-data on
-** any parameter of any function at any time.  The only guarantee
-** is that the destructor will be called before the metadata is
-** dropped.
-**
-** In practice, meta-data is preserved between function calls for
+** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
+** parameter of any function at any time.  The only guarantee is that
+** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
+**
+** In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
 ** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
 ** values and SQL variables.
 **
 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
 ** the SQL function is running.
@@ -4257,12 +4578,11 @@
 **          to metadata associated with the Nth parameter of the SQL function
 **          whose context is C, or NULL if there is no metadata associated
 **          with that parameter.
 **
 ** {F16274} The [sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,D)] interface assigns a metadata
-**          pointer P to the Nth parameter of the SQL function with context
-**          C.
+**          pointer P to the Nth parameter of the SQL function with context C.
 **
 ** {F16276} SQLite will invoke the destructor D with a single argument
 **          which is the metadata pointer P following a call to
 **          [sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,D)] when SQLite ceases to hold
 **          the metadata.
@@ -4283,11 +4603,11 @@
 
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior {F10280}
 **
-** These are special value for the destructor that is passed in as the
+** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  If the destructor
 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  The
 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
@@ -4306,56 +4626,54 @@
 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
 ** for additional information.
 **
-** These functions work very much like the
-** [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*] family of functions used
-** to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
-** Refer to the
-** [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_* documentation] for
-** additional information.
+** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
+** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
+** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
-** an application defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
+** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
 ** third parameter.
-** The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() inerfaces set the result of
-** the application defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
+**
+** The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
+** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
 ** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
-** an application defined function to be a floating point value specified
+** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
 ** by its 2nd argument.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
 ** SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
 ** as the text of an error message.  SQLite interprets the error
-** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF8. SQLite
-** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF16 in native
+** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. SQLite
+** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
 ** byte order.  If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
 ** If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
 ** The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
-** routines make a copy private copy of the error message text before
+** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
 ** The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  By default,
 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
 **
-** The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite
-** to throw an error indicating that a string or BLOB is to long
-** to represent.  The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface
-** causes SQLite to throw an exception indicating that the a
-** memory allocation failed.
+** The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
+** indicating that a string or BLOB is to long to represent.
+**
+** The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
+** indicating that a memory allocation failed.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
 ** The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
@@ -4379,55 +4697,54 @@
 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
 ** function result.
 ** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
-** function as the destructor on the text or blob result when it has
+** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
 ** finished using that result.
-** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then
-** SQLite assumes that the text or blob result is constant space and
-** does not copy the space or call a destructor when it has
-** finished using that result.
+** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or
+** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
+** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
+** copy the it or call a destructor when it has finished using that result.
 ** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
 ** the application-defined function to be a copy the
 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  The
 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
-** so that [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
+** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
 ** A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
 **
 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
-** than the one containing the application-defined function that recieved
+** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F16403} The default return value from any SQL function is NULL.
 **
 ** {F16406} The [sqlite3_result_blob(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be a blob that is N bytes
+**          return value of function C to be a BLOB that is N bytes
 **          in length and with content pointed to by V.
 **
 ** {F16409} The [sqlite3_result_double(C,V)] interface changes the
 **          return value of function C to be the floating point value V.
 **
 ** {F16412} The [sqlite3_result_error(C,V,N)] interface changes the return
 **          value of function C to be an exception with error code
-**          [SQLITE_ERROR] and a UTF8 error message copied from V up to the
+**          [SQLITE_ERROR] and a UTF-8 error message copied from V up to the
 **          first zero byte or until N bytes are read if N is positive.
 **
 ** {F16415} The [sqlite3_result_error16(C,V,N)] interface changes the return
 **          value of function C to be an exception with error code
-**          [SQLITE_ERROR] and a UTF16 native byte order error message
+**          [SQLITE_ERROR] and a UTF-16 native byte order error message
 **          copied from V up to the first zero terminator or until N bytes
 **          are read if N is positive.
 **
 ** {F16418} The [sqlite3_result_error_toobig(C)] interface changes the return
 **          value of the function C to be an exception with error code
@@ -4449,35 +4766,35 @@
 **
 ** {F16433} The [sqlite3_result_null(C)] interface changes the
 **          return value of function C to be NULL.
 **
 ** {F16436} The [sqlite3_result_text(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be the UTF8 string
+**          return value of function C to be the UTF-8 string
 **          V up to the first zero if N is negative
 **          or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
 **
 ** {F16439} The [sqlite3_result_text16(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be the UTF16 native byte order
-**          string V up to the first zero if N is
-**          negative or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
+**          return value of function C to be the UTF-16 native byte order
+**          string V up to the first zero if N is negative
+**          or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
 **
 ** {F16442} The [sqlite3_result_text16be(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be the UTF16 big-endian
-**          string V up to the first zero if N is
-**          is negative or the first N bytes or V if N is non-negative.
+**          return value of function C to be the UTF-16 big-endian
+**          string V up to the first zero if N is negative
+**          or the first N bytes or V if N is non-negative.
 **
 ** {F16445} The [sqlite3_result_text16le(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be the UTF16 little-endian
-**          string V up to the first zero if N is
-**          negative or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
+**          return value of function C to be the UTF-16 little-endian
+**          string V up to the first zero if N is negative
+**          or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
 **
 ** {F16448} The [sqlite3_result_value(C,V)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be [unprotected sqlite3_value]
+**          return value of function C to be the [unprotected sqlite3_value]
 **          object V.
 **
 ** {F16451} The [sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be an N-byte blob of all zeros.
+**          return value of function C to be an N-byte BLOB of all zeros.
 **
 ** {F16454} The [sqlite3_result_error()] and [sqlite3_result_error16()]
 **          interfaces make a copy of their error message strings before
 **          returning.
 **
@@ -4522,56 +4839,54 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences {F16600}
 **
 ** These functions are used to add new collation sequences to the
-** [sqlite3*] handle specified as the first argument.
+** [database connection] specified as the first argument.
 **
 ** The name of the new collation sequence is specified as a UTF-8 string
 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
 ** and a UTF-16 string for sqlite3_create_collation16(). In all cases
 ** the name is passed as the second function argument.
 **
 ** The third argument may be one of the constants [SQLITE_UTF8],
 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] or [SQLITE_UTF16BE], indicating that the user-supplied
 ** routine expects to be passed pointers to strings encoded using UTF-8,
-** UTF-16 little-endian or UTF-16 big-endian respectively. The
+** UTF-16 little-endian, or UTF-16 big-endian, respectively. The
 ** third argument might also be [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] to indicate that
 ** the routine expects pointers to 16-bit word aligned strings
-** of UTF16 in the native byte order of the host computer.
+** of UTF-16 in the native byte order of the host computer.
 **
 ** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
 ** argument.  If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
 ** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it anymore).
-** Each time the application
-** supplied function is invoked, it is passed a copy of the void* passed as
-** the fourth argument to sqlite3_create_collation() or
-** sqlite3_create_collation16() as its first parameter.
+** Each time the application supplied function is invoked, it is passed
+** as its first parameter a copy of the void* passed as the fourth argument
+** to sqlite3_create_collation() or sqlite3_create_collation16().
 **
 ** The remaining arguments to the application-supplied routine are two strings,
 ** each represented by a (length, data) pair and encoded in the encoding
 ** that was passed as the third argument when the collation sequence was
-** registered. {END} The application defined collation routine should
-** return negative, zero or positive if
-** the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second
-** string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
+** registered. {END}  The application defined collation routine should
+** return negative, zero or positive if the first string is less than,
+** equal to, or greater than the second string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
 **
 ** The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
-** excapt that it takes an extra argument which is a destructor for
+** except that it takes an extra argument which is a destructor for
 ** the collation.  The destructor is called when the collation is
 ** destroyed and is passed a copy of the fourth parameter void* pointer
 ** of the sqlite3_create_collation_v2().
-** Collations are destroyed when
-** they are overridden by later calls to the collation creation functions
-** or when the [sqlite3*] database handle is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
+** Collations are destroyed when they are overridden by later calls to the
+** collation creation functions or when the [database connection] is closed
+** using [sqlite3_close()].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F16603} A successful call to the
 **          [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)] interface
 **          registers function F as the comparison function used to
-**          implement collation X on [database connection] B for
+**          implement collation X on the [database connection] B for
 **          databases having encoding E.
 **
 ** {F16604} SQLite understands the X parameter to
 **          [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)] as a zero-terminated
 **          UTF-8 string in which case is ignored for ASCII characters and
@@ -4579,11 +4894,11 @@
 **
 ** {F16606} Successive calls to [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)]
 **          with the same values for B, X, and E, override prior values
 **          of P, F, and D.
 **
-** {F16609} The destructor D in [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)]
+** {F16609} If the destructor D in [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)]
 **          is not NULL then it is called with argument P when the
 **          collating function is dropped by SQLite.
 **
 ** {F16612} A collating function is dropped when it is overloaded.
 **
@@ -4598,12 +4913,12 @@
 **          the same as a call to [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()] with
 **          the same parameters and a NULL destructor.
 **
 ** {F16624} Following a [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)],
 **          SQLite uses the comparison function F for all text comparison
-**          operations on [database connection] B on text values that
-**          use the collating sequence name X.
+**          operations on the [database connection] B on text values that
+**          use the collating sequence named X.
 **
 ** {F16627} The [sqlite3_create_collation16(B,X,E,P,F)] works the same
 **          as [sqlite3_create_collation(B,X,E,P,F)] except that the
 **          collation name X is understood as UTF-16 in native byte order
 **          instead of UTF-8.
@@ -4628,11 +4943,11 @@
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
 );
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
   sqlite3*,
-  const char *zName,
+  const void *zName,
   int eTextRep,
   void*,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 );
 
@@ -4639,26 +4954,25 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks {F16700}
 **
 ** To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
-** database handle to be called whenever an undefined collation sequence is
-** required.
+** [database connection] to be called whenever an undefined collation
+** sequence is required.
 **
 ** If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
-** encoded in UTF-8. {F16703} If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used, the names
-** are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order. A call to either
-** function replaces any existing callback.
+** encoded in UTF-8. {F16703} If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
+** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
+** A call to either function replaces any existing callback.
 **
 ** When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
-** handle.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8],
-** [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most
-** desirable form of the collation sequence function required.
-** The fourth parameter is the name of the
+** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
+** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
+** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
 ** required collation sequence.
 **
 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
@@ -4679,12 +4993,10 @@
 ** {F16706} The name of the requested collating function passed in the
 **          4th parameter to the callback is in UTF-8 if the callback
 **          was registered using [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and
 **          is in UTF-16 native byte order if the callback was
 **          registered using [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
-**
-**
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
   sqlite3*,
   void*,
   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
@@ -4719,14 +5031,13 @@
   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
 );
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Suspend Execution For A Short Time {F10530}
-**
-** The sqlite3_sleep() function
-** causes the current thread to suspend execution
+** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time {F10530}
+**
+** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
 **
 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
@@ -4747,39 +5058,40 @@
 **          system, which might be larger than the parameter M.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files {F10310}
+** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files {F10310}
 **
 ** If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
-** the name of a folder (a.ka. directory), then all temporary files
+** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
 ** created by SQLite will be placed in that directory.  If this variable
-** is NULL pointer, then SQLite does a search for an appropriate temporary
-** file directory.
-**
-** It is not safe to modify this variable once a database connection
+** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
+** temporary file directory.
+**
+** It is not safe to modify this variable once a [database connection]
 ** has been opened.  It is intended that this variable be set once
 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
 ** routines have been call and remain unchanged thereafter.
 */
 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Test To See If The Database Is In Auto-Commit Mode {F12930}
-**
-** The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interfaces returns non-zero or
+** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Database Is In Auto-Commit Mode {F12930}
+** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
+**
+** The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
-** respectively.   Autocommit mode is on
-** by default.  Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
-** Autocommit mode is reenabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
+** respectively.  Autocommit mode is on by default.
+** Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
+** Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
 **
 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
-** transactions (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
+** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
-** find out if SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
+** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
 ** an error is to use this function.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12931} The [sqlite3_get_autocommit(D)] interface returns non-zero or
@@ -4791,38 +5103,65 @@
 ** {F12933} Autocommit mode is disabled by a successful [BEGIN] statement.
 **
 ** {F12934} Autocommit mode is enabled by a successful [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK]
 **          statement.
 **
-**
 ** LIMITATIONS:
-***
-** {U12936} If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
+**
+** {A12936} If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
 **          connection while this routine is running, then the return value
 **          is undefined.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement {F13120}
-**
-** The sqlite3_db_handle interface
-** returns the [sqlite3*] database handle to which a
-** [prepared statement] belongs.
-** The database handle returned by sqlite3_db_handle
-** is the same database handle that was
-** the first argument to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants
-** that was used to create the statement in the first place.
+** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement {F13120}
+**
+** The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
+** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  The database handle returned by
+** sqlite3_db_handle is the same database handle that was the first argument
+** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
+** create the statement in the first place.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13123} The [sqlite3_db_handle(S)] interface returns a pointer
-**          to the [database connection] associated with
+**          to the [database connection] associated with the
 **          [prepared statement] S.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement {F13140}
+**
+** This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
+** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  If pStmt is NULL
+** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
+** associated with the database connection pDb.  If no prepared statement
+** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F13143} If D is a [database connection] that holds one or more
+**          unfinalized [prepared statements] and S is a NULL pointer,
+**          then [sqlite3_next_stmt(D, S)] routine shall return a pointer
+**          to one of the prepared statements associated with D.
+**
+** {F13146} If D is a [database connection] that holds no unfinalized
+**          [prepared statements] and S is a NULL pointer, then
+**          [sqlite3_next_stmt(D, S)] routine shall return a NULL pointer.
+**
+** {F13149} If S is a [prepared statement] in the [database connection] D
+**          and S is not the last prepared statement in D, then
+**          [sqlite3_next_stmt(D, S)] routine shall return a pointer
+**          to the next prepared statement in D after S.
+**
+** {F13152} If S is the last [prepared statement] in the
+**          [database connection] D then the [sqlite3_next_stmt(D, S)]
+**          routine shall return a NULL pointer.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks {F12950}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
@@ -4831,13 +5170,13 @@
 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
 ** The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is committed.
 ** Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
-** The pArg argument is passed through
-** to the callback.  If the callback on a commit hook function
-** returns non-zero, then the commit is converted into a rollback.
+** The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
+** If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
+** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
 **
 ** If another function was previously registered, its
 ** pArg value is returned.  Otherwise NULL is returned.
 **
 ** Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
@@ -4855,82 +5194,78 @@
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12951} The [sqlite3_commit_hook(D,F,P)] interface registers the
 **          callback function F to be invoked with argument P whenever
-**          a transaction commits on [database connection] D.
-**
-** {F12952} The [sqlite3_commit_hook(D,F,P)] interface returns the P
-**          argument from the previous call with the same
-**          [database connection ] D , or NULL on the first call
-**          for a particular [database connection] D.
+**          a transaction commits on the [database connection] D.
+**
+** {F12952} The [sqlite3_commit_hook(D,F,P)] interface returns the P argument
+**          from the previous call with the same [database connection] D,
+**          or NULL on the first call for a particular database connection D.
 **
 ** {F12953} Each call to [sqlite3_commit_hook()] overwrites the callback
 **          registered by prior calls.
 **
 ** {F12954} If the F argument to [sqlite3_commit_hook(D,F,P)] is NULL
-**          then the commit hook callback is cancelled and no callback
+**          then the commit hook callback is canceled and no callback
 **          is invoked when a transaction commits.
 **
 ** {F12955} If the commit callback returns non-zero then the commit is
 **          converted into a rollback.
 **
 ** {F12961} The [sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,F,P)] interface registers the
 **          callback function F to be invoked with argument P whenever
-**          a transaction rolls back on [database connection] D.
+**          a transaction rolls back on the [database connection] D.
 **
 ** {F12962} The [sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,F,P)] interface returns the P
 **          argument from the previous call with the same
-**          [database connection ] D , or NULL on the first call
-**          for a particular [database connection] D.
+**          [database connection] D, or NULL on the first call
+**          for a particular database connection D.
 **
 ** {F12963} Each call to [sqlite3_rollback_hook()] overwrites the callback
 **          registered by prior calls.
 **
 ** {F12964} If the F argument to [sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,F,P)] is NULL
-**          then the rollback hook callback is cancelled and no callback
+**          then the rollback hook callback is canceled and no callback
 **          is invoked when a transaction rolls back.
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks {F12970}
 **
-** The sqlite3_update_hook() interface
-** registers a callback function with the database connection identified by the
-** first argument to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
-** Any callback set by a previous call to this function for the same
-** database connection is overridden.
+** The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
+** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
+** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
+** Any callback set by a previous call to this function
+** for the same database connection is overridden.
 **
 ** The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
-** The first argument to the callback is
-** a copy of the third argument to sqlite3_update_hook().
-** The second callback
-** argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE],
-** depending on the operation that caused the callback to be invoked.
-** The third and
-** fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the database and
-** table name containing the affected row.
-** The final callback parameter is
-** the rowid of the row.
-** In the case of an update, this is the rowid after
-** the update takes place.
+** The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
+** to sqlite3_update_hook().
+** The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
+** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
+** to be invoked.
+** The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
+** database and table name containing the affected row.
+** The final callback parameter is the rowid of the row. In the case of
+** an update, this is the rowid after the update takes place.
 **
 ** The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).
 **
 ** If another function was previously registered, its pArg value
 ** is returned.  Otherwise NULL is returned.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F12971} The [sqlite3_update_hook(D,F,P)] interface causes callback
+** {F12971} The [sqlite3_update_hook(D,F,P)] interface causes the callback
 **          function F to be invoked with first parameter P whenever
 **          a table row is modified, inserted, or deleted on
-**          [database connection] D.
+**          the [database connection] D.
 **
 ** {F12973} The [sqlite3_update_hook(D,F,P)] interface returns the value
 **          of P for the previous call on the same [database connection] D,
 **          or NULL for the first call.
 **
@@ -4959,34 +5294,33 @@
   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
   void*
 );
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache {F10330}
+** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache {F10330}
+** KEYWORDS: {shared cache} {shared cache mode}
 **
 ** This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
-** and schema data structures between connections to the same database.
-** Sharing is enabled if the argument is true and disabled if the argument
-** is false.
-**
-** Cache sharing is enabled and disabled
-** for an entire process. {END} This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0.
-** In prior versions of SQLite, sharing was
-** enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
+** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
+** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
+** and disabled if the argument is false.
+**
+** Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process. {END}
+** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
+** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
 **
 ** The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
 ** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.
 **
-** Virtual tables cannot be used with a shared cache.   When shared
+** Virtual tables cannot be used with a shared cache.  When shared
 ** cache is enabled, the [sqlite3_create_module()] API used to register
 ** virtual tables will always return an error.
 **
-** This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was
-** enabled or disabled successfully.  An [error code]
-** is returned otherwise.
+** This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
+** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.
 **
 ** Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
 ** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
 ** cache setting should set it explicitly.
 **
@@ -5005,53 +5339,50 @@
 ** {F10339} Shared cache is disabled by default.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Attempt To Free Heap Memory {F17340}
-**
-** The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to
-** free N bytes of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory
-** allocations held by the database labrary. {END}  Memory used
-** to cache database pages to improve performance is an example of
-** non-essential memory.  Sqlite3_release_memory() returns
-** the number of bytes actually freed, which might be more or less
-** than the amount requested.
+** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory {F17340}
+**
+** The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
+** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
+** held by the database library. {END}  Memory used to cache database
+** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
+** sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
+** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F17341} The [sqlite3_release_memory(N)] interface attempts to
 **          free N bytes of heap memory by deallocating non-essential
-**          memory allocations held by the database labrary.
+**          memory allocations held by the database library.
 **
 ** {F16342} The [sqlite3_release_memory(N)] returns the number
 **          of bytes actually freed, which might be more or less
 **          than the amount requested.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Impose A Limit On Heap Size {F17350}
-**
-** The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() interface
-** places a "soft" limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated
-** by SQLite. If an internal allocation is requested
-** that would exceed the soft heap limit, [sqlite3_release_memory()] is
-** invoked one or more times to free up some space before the allocation
-** is made.
-**
-** The limit is called "soft", because if
-** [sqlite3_release_memory()] cannot
-** free sufficient memory to prevent the limit from being exceeded,
+** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size {F17350}
+**
+** The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() interface places a "soft" limit
+** on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
+** If an internal allocation is requested that would exceed the
+** soft heap limit, [sqlite3_release_memory()] is invoked one or
+** more times to free up some space before the allocation is performed.
+**
+** The limit is called "soft", because if [sqlite3_release_memory()]
+** cannot free sufficient memory to prevent the limit from being exceeded,
 ** the memory is allocated anyway and the current operation proceeds.
 **
 ** A negative or zero value for N means that there is no soft heap limit and
 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] will only be called when memory is exhausted.
 ** The default value for the soft heap limit is zero.
 **
 ** SQLite makes a best effort to honor the soft heap limit.
-** But if the soft heap limit cannot honored, execution will
+** But if the soft heap limit cannot be honored, execution will
 ** continue without error or notification.  This is why the limit is
 ** called a "soft" limit.  It is advisory only.
 **
 ** Prior to SQLite version 3.5.0, this routine only constrained the memory
 ** allocated by a single thread - the same thread in which this routine
@@ -5090,56 +5421,54 @@
 **          values set by all prior calls.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table {F12850}
-**
-** This routine
-** returns meta-data about a specific column of a specific database
-** table accessible using the connection handle passed as the first function
-** argument.
+** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table {F12850}
+**
+** This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
+** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
+** passed as the first function argument.
 **
 ** The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
 ** this function. The second parameter is either the name of the database
 ** (i.e. "main", "temp" or an attached database) containing the specified
 ** table or NULL. If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
-** for the table using the same algorithm as the database engine uses to
+** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
 ** resolve unqualified table references.
 **
 ** The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
 ** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
 ** may be NULL.
 **
-** Meta information is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as
-** the 5th and subsequent parameters to this function. Any of these
-** arguments may be NULL, in which case the corresponding element of meta
-** information is ommitted.
-**
-** <pre>
-** Parameter     Output Type      Description
-** -----------------------------------
-**
-**   5th         const char*      Data type
-**   6th         const char*      Name of the default collation sequence
-**   7th         int              True if the column has a NOT NULL constraint
-**   8th         int              True if the column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
-**   9th         int              True if the column is AUTOINCREMENT
-** </pre>
-**
+** Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
+** and subsequent parameters to this function. Any of these arguments may be
+** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
+**
+** <blockquote>
+** <table border="1">
+** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
+**
+** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
+** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
+** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
+** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
+** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is AUTOINCREMENT
+** </table>
+** </blockquote>
 **
 ** The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
-** call to any sqlite API function.
-**
-** If the specified table is actually a view, then an error is returned.
+** call to any SQLite API function.
+**
+** If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
 **
 ** If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
 ** INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column has been explicitly declared, then the output
 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. If there is no
-** explicitly declared IPK column, then the output parameters are set as
-** follows:
+** explicitly declared INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column, then the output
+** parameters are set as follows:
 **
 ** <pre>
 **     data type: "INTEGER"
 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
 **     not null: 0
@@ -5147,15 +5476,15 @@
 **     auto increment: 0
 ** </pre>
 **
 ** This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
 ** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
-** cannot be found, an SQLITE error code is returned and an error message
-** left in the database handle (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).
+** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
+** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).
 **
 ** This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
-** SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA preprocessor symbol defined.
+** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
@@ -5168,105 +5497,113 @@
 );
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension {F12600}
 **
-** {F12601} The sqlite3_load_extension() interface
-** attempts to load an SQLite extension library contained in the file
-** zFile. {F12602} The entry point is zProc. {F12603} zProc may be 0
-** in which case the name of the entry point defaults
-** to "sqlite3_extension_init".
-**
-** {F12604} The sqlite3_load_extension() interface shall
-** return [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
-**
-** {F12605}
-** If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
-** sqlite3_load_extension() interface shall attempt to fill *pzErrMsg with
-** error message text stored in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
-** {END}  The calling function should free this memory
-** by calling [sqlite3_free()].
-**
-** {F12606}
-** Extension loading must be enabled using [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()]
-** prior to calling this API or an error will be returned.
+** This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
+**
+** {F12601} The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
+**          SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
+**
+** {F12602} The entry point is zProc.
+**
+** {F12603} zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
+**          defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
+**
+** {F12604} The sqlite3_load_extension() interface shall return
+**          [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
+**
+** {F12605} If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
+**          [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
+**          fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
+**          obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. {END}  The calling function
+**          should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
+**
+** {F12606} Extension loading must be enabled using
+**          [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
+**          otherwise an error will be returned.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
 );
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Enable Or Disable Extension Loading {F12620}
+** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading {F12620}
 **
 ** So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
 ** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
-** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following
-** API is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and
-** off.  {F12622} It is off by default. {END} See ticket #1863.
-**
-** {F12621} Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine
-** with onoff==1 to turn extension loading on
-** and call it with onoff==0 to turn it back off again. {END}
+** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
+** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
+**
+** Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
+**
+** {F12621} Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
+**          to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
+**          it back off again.
+**
+** {F12622} Extension loading is off by default.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Make Arrangements To Automatically Load An Extension {F12640}
 **
-** {F12641} This function
-** registers an extension entry point that is automatically invoked
-** whenever a new database connection is opened using
-** [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()]. {END}
-**
 ** This API can be invoked at program startup in order to register
 ** one or more statically linked extensions that will be available
-** to all new database connections.
-**
-** {F12642} Duplicate extensions are detected so calling this routine multiple
-** times with the same extension is harmless.
-**
-** {F12643} This routine stores a pointer to the extension in an array
-** that is obtained from sqlite_malloc(). {END} If you run a memory leak
-** checker on your program and it reports a leak because of this
-** array, then invoke [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()] prior
-** to shutdown to free the memory.
-**
-** {F12644} Automatic extensions apply across all threads. {END}
+** to all new [database connections]. {END}
+**
+** This routine stores a pointer to the extension in an array that is
+** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  If you run a memory leak checker
+** on your program and it reports a leak because of this array, invoke
+** [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()] prior to shutdown to free the memory.
 **
 ** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
 ** removal in future releases of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void *xEntryPoint);
-
+**
+** {F12641} This function registers an extension entry point that is
+**          automatically invoked whenever a new [database connection]
+**          is opened using [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
+**          or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
+**
+** {F12642} Duplicate extensions are detected so calling this routine
+**          multiple times with the same extension is harmless.
+**
+** {F12643} This routine stores a pointer to the extension in an array
+**          that is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
+**
+** {F12644} Automatic extensions apply across all threads.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void *xEntryPoint);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading {F12660}
 **
-** {F12661} This function disables all previously registered
-** automatic extensions. {END}  This
-** routine undoes the effect of all prior [sqlite3_auto_extension()]
-** calls.
-**
-** {F12662} This call disabled automatic extensions in all threads. {END}
+** This function disables all previously registered automatic
+** extensions. {END}  It undoes the effect of all prior
+** [sqlite3_auto_extension()] calls.
 **
 ** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
 ** removal in future releases of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
-
+**
+** {F12661} This function disables all previously registered
+**          automatic extensions.
+**
+** {F12662} This function disables automatic extensions in all threads.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
 
 /*
 ****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
 **
 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
 **
-** When the virtual-table mechanism stablizes, we will declare the
+** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
 */
 
 /*
 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
@@ -5281,10 +5618,13 @@
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module
 **
 ** A module is a class of virtual tables.  Each module is defined
 ** by an instance of the following structure.  This structure consists
 ** mostly of methods for the module.
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 struct sqlite3_module {
   int iVersion;
   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
                int argc, const char *const*argv,
@@ -5323,18 +5663,16 @@
 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the xBestIndex
 ** method of an sqlite3_module.  The fields under **Inputs** are the
 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
 **
-** The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the
-** form:
-**
-**         column OP expr
-**
-** Where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.
-** The particular operator is stored
-** in aConstraint[].op.  The index of the column is stored in
+** The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
+**
+** <pre>column OP expr</pre>
+**
+** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.  The particular operator is
+** stored in aConstraint[].op.  The index of the column is stored in
 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.  aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.
 **
 ** The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
@@ -5362,10 +5700,13 @@
 **
 ** The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
 ** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
 ** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
 ** cost of approximately log(N).
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 struct sqlite3_index_info {
   /* Inputs */
   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
@@ -5399,14 +5740,17 @@
 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation {F18200}
 **
-** This routine is used to register a new module name with an SQLite
-** connection.  Module names must be registered before creating new
-** virtual tables on the module, or before using preexisting virtual
-** tables of the module.
+** This routine is used to register a new module name with a
+** [database connection].  Module names must be registered before
+** creating new virtual tables on the module, or before using
+** preexisting virtual tables of the module.
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
   const sqlite3_module *,    /* Methods for the module */
@@ -5414,11 +5758,11 @@
 );
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation {F18210}
 **
-** This routine is identical to the sqlite3_create_module() method above,
+** This routine is identical to the [sqlite3_create_module()] method above,
 ** except that it allows a destructor function to be specified. It is
 ** even more experimental than the rest of the virtual tables API.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
@@ -5432,23 +5776,26 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object {F18010}
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
 **
 ** Every module implementation uses a subclass of the following structure
 ** to describe a particular instance of the module.  Each subclass will
-** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.   The
-** purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are common
-** to all module implementations.
+** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
+** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
+** common to all module implementations.
 **
 ** Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
-** string obtained from sqlite3_mprintf() to zErrMsg.  The method should
-** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to sqlite3_free()
+** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
+** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  After the error message
 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.  Note
 ** that sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_free() are used on the zErrMsg field
 ** since virtual tables are commonly implemented in loadable extensions which
 ** do not have access to sqlite3MPrintf() or sqlite3Free().
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 struct sqlite3_vtab {
   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
   int nRef;                       /* Used internally */
   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
@@ -5465,10 +5812,13 @@
 ** xOpen method of the module.  Each module implementation will define
 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
 **
 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
 ** are common to all implementations.
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
 };
@@ -5477,10 +5827,13 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table {F18280}
 **
 ** The xCreate and xConnect methods of a module use the following API
 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
 ** the virtual tables they implement.
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zCreateTable);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table {F18300}
@@ -5492,11 +5845,11 @@
 ** This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.  The implementation
 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
-** purpose is to be a place-holder function that can be overloaded
+** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
 ** by virtual tables.
 **
 ** This API should be considered part of the virtual table interface,
 ** which is experimental and subject to change.
 */
@@ -5514,71 +5867,86 @@
 ****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
 */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB {F17800}
+** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
 **
 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
-** incremental I/O can be preformed.
-** Objects of this type are created by
-** [sqlite3_blob_open()] and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
+** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
+** Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
+** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
 ** The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
-** can be used to read or write small subsections of the blob.
-** The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the
-** blob in bytes.
+** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
+** The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
 */
 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O {F17810}
 **
-** This interfaces opens a handle to the blob located
+** This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
-** in other words,  the same blob that would be selected by:
+** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
 **
 ** <pre>
 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE rowid = iRow;
 ** </pre> {END}
 **
-** If the flags parameter is non-zero, the blob is opened for
-** read and write access. If it is zero, the blob is opened for read
-** access.
+** If the flags parameter is non-zero, the the BLOB is opened for read
+** and write access. If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
 **
 ** Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
 ** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
 ** is assigned when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
-** For the main database file, the database name is "main".  For
-** TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
-**
-** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new
-** [sqlite3_blob | blob handle] is written to *ppBlob.
-** Otherwise an error code is returned and
-** any value written to *ppBlob should not be used by the caller.
-** This function sets the database-handle error code and message
+** For the main database file, the database name is "main".
+** For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
+**
+** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
+** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and any value written
+** to *ppBlob should not be used by the caller.
+** This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
 ** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
+**
+** If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
+** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
+** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
+** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
+** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.
+** Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
+** a expired BLOB handle fail with an return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
+** Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
+** rollback by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
+** commit if the transaction continues to completion.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F17813} A successful invocation of the [sqlite3_blob_open(D,B,T,C,R,F,P)]
-**          interface opens an [sqlite3_blob] object P on the blob
-**          in column C of table T in database B on [database connection] D.
-**
-** {F17814} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_blob_open(D,...)] starts
-**          a new transaction on [database connection] D if that connection
-**          is not already in a transaction.
-**
-** {F17816} The [sqlite3_blob_open(D,B,T,C,R,F,P)] interface opens the blob
-**          for read and write access if and only if the F parameter
-**          is non-zero.
-**
-** {F17819} The [sqlite3_blob_open()] interface returns [SQLITE_OK] on
+**          interface shall open an [sqlite3_blob] object P on the BLOB
+**          in column C of the table T in the database B on
+**          the [database connection] D.
+**
+** {F17814} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_blob_open(D,...)] shall start
+**          a new transaction on the [database connection] D if that
+**          connection is not already in a transaction.
+**
+** {F17816} The [sqlite3_blob_open(D,B,T,C,R,F,P)] interface shall open
+**          the BLOB for read and write access if and only if the F
+**          parameter is non-zero.
+**
+** {F17819} The [sqlite3_blob_open()] interface shall return [SQLITE_OK] on
 **          success and an appropriate [error code] on failure.
 **
 ** {F17821} If an error occurs during evaluation of [sqlite3_blob_open(D,...)]
 **          then subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode(D)],
-**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] will return
-**          information approprate for that error.
+**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] shall return
+**          information appropriate for that error.
+**
+** {F17824} If any column in the row that a [sqlite3_blob] has open is
+**          changed by a separate [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statement or by
+**          an [ON CONFLICT] side effect, then the [sqlite3_blob] shall
+**          be marked as invalid.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
   sqlite3*,
   const char *zDb,
   const char *zTable,
@@ -5587,19 +5955,20 @@
   int flags,
   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
 );
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Close A BLOB Handle {F17830}
-**
-** Close an open [sqlite3_blob | blob handle].
+** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle {F17830}
+**
+** Closes an open [BLOB handle].
 **
 ** Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
 ** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
-** database connection is in autocommit mode.
+** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
 ** If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
 ** until the close operation if they will fit. {END}
+**
 ** Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
 ** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
 ** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  {F17833} Any errors that occur during
 ** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.
 **
@@ -5606,33 +5975,30 @@
 ** The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
 ** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F17833} The [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] interface closes an
-**          [sqlite3_blob] object P previously opened using
-**          [sqlite3_blob_open()].
+** {F17833} The [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] interface closes an [sqlite3_blob]
+**          object P previously opened using [sqlite3_blob_open()].
 **
 ** {F17836} Closing an [sqlite3_blob] object using
 **          [sqlite3_blob_close()] shall cause the current transaction to
 **          commit if there are no other open [sqlite3_blob] objects
 **          or [prepared statements] on the same [database connection] and
-**          the [database connection] is in
-**          [sqlite3_get_autocommit | autocommit mode].
-**
-** {F17839} The [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] interfaces closes the
+**          the database connection is in [autocommit mode].
+**
+** {F17839} The [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] interfaces shall close the
 **          [sqlite3_blob] object P unconditionally, even if
 **          [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] returns something other than [SQLITE_OK].
-**
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Return The Size Of An Open BLOB {F17840}
-**
-** Return the size in bytes of the blob accessible via the open
-** [sqlite3_blob] object in its only argument.
+** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB {F17840}
+**
+** Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the open
+** []BLOB handle] in its only argument.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F17843} The [sqlite3_blob_bytes(P)] interface returns the size
 **          in bytes of the BLOB that the [sqlite3_blob] object P
@@ -5639,124 +6005,143 @@
 **          refers to.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally {F17850}
-**
-** This function is used to read data from an open
-** [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] into a caller supplied buffer.
-** N bytes of data are copied into buffer
-** Z from the open blob, starting at offset iOffset.
-**
-** If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the blob,
+** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally {F17850}
+**
+** This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
+** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
+** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
+**
+** If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  If N or iOffset is
-** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
-**
-** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an
-** [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.
+** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
+**
+** An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
+** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
+**
+** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned.
+** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F17853} The [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface reads N bytes
-**          beginning at offset X from
-**          the blob that [sqlite3_blob] object P refers to
-**          and writes those N bytes into buffer Z.
-**
-** {F17856} In [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] if the size of the blob
-**          is less than N+X bytes, then the function returns [SQLITE_ERROR]
-**          and nothing is read from the blob.
+** {F17853} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)]
+**          shall reads N bytes of data out of the BLOB referenced by
+**          [BLOB handle] P beginning at offset X and store those bytes
+**          into buffer Z.
+**
+** {F17856} In [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] if the size of the BLOB
+**          is less than N+X bytes, then the function shall leave the
+**          Z buffer unchanged and return [SQLITE_ERROR].
 **
 ** {F17859} In [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] if X or N is less than zero
-**          then the function returns [SQLITE_ERROR]
-**          and nothing is read from the blob.
-**
-** {F17862} The [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
-**          if N bytes where successfully read into buffer Z.
+**          then the function shall leave the Z buffer unchanged
+**          and return [SQLITE_ERROR].
+**
+** {F17862} The [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface shall return [SQLITE_OK]
+**          if N bytes are successfully read into buffer Z.
+**
+** {F17863} If the [BLOB handle] P is expired and X and N are within bounds
+**          then [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] shall leave the Z buffer
+**          unchanged and return [SQLITE_ABORT].
 **
 ** {F17865} If the requested read could not be completed,
-**          the [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns an
+**          the [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface shall return an
 **          appropriate [error code] or [extended error code].
 **
 ** {F17868} If an error occurs during evaluation of [sqlite3_blob_read(P,...)]
 **          then subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode(D)],
-**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] will return
-**          information approprate for that error, where D is the
-**          database handle that was used to open blob handle P.
+**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] shall return
+**          information appropriate for that error, where D is the
+**          [database connection] that was used to open the [BLOB handle] P.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally {F17870}
-**
-** This function is used to write data into an open
-** [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] from a user supplied buffer.
-** n bytes of data are copied from the buffer
-** pointed to by z into the open blob, starting at offset iOffset.
-**
-** If the [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] passed as the first argument
-** was not opened for writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()]
-*** was zero), this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
-**
-** This function may only modify the contents of the blob; it is
-** not possible to increase the size of a blob using this API.
-** If offset iOffset is less than n bytes from the end of the blob,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  If n is
+** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally {F17870}
+**
+** This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
+** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
+** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
+**
+** If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
+** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
+** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
+**
+** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
+** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
+** If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
+** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  If N is
 ** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
 **
-** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an
-** [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.
+** An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
+** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  Writes to the BLOB that occurred
+** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
+** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
+** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
+** or by other independent statements.
+**
+** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned.
+** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F17873} The [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface writes N bytes
-**          from buffer Z into
-**          the blob that [sqlite3_blob] object P refers to
-**          beginning at an offset of X into the blob.
-**
-** {F17875} The [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns
-**          [SQLITE_READONLY] if the [sqlite3_blob] object P was
-**          [sqlite3_blob_open | opened] for reading only.
-**
-** {F17876} In [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] if the size of the blob
-**          is less than N+X bytes, then the function returns [SQLITE_ERROR]
-**          and nothing is written into the blob.
-**
-** {F17879} In [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] if X or N is less than zero
-**          then the function returns [SQLITE_ERROR]
-**          and nothing is written into the blob.
-**
-** {F17882} The [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
-**          if N bytes where successfully written into blob.
+** {F17873} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)]
+**          shall write N bytes of data from buffer Z into the BLOB
+**          referenced by [BLOB handle] P beginning at offset X into
+**          the BLOB.
+**
+** {F17874} In the absence of other overridding changes, the changes
+**          written to a BLOB by [sqlite3_blob_write()] shall
+**          remain in effect after the associated [BLOB handle] expires.
+**
+** {F17875} If the [BLOB handle] P was opened for reading only then
+**          an invocation of [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] shall leave
+**          the referenced BLOB unchanged and return [SQLITE_READONLY].
+**
+** {F17876} If the size of the BLOB referenced by [BLOB handle] P is
+**          less than N+X bytes then [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] shall
+**          leave the BLOB unchanged and return [SQLITE_ERROR].
+**
+** {F17877} If the [BLOB handle] P is expired and X and N are within bounds
+**          then [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] shall leave the BLOB
+**          unchanged and return [SQLITE_ABORT].
+**
+** {F17879} If X or N are less than zero then [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)]
+**          shall leave the BLOB referenced by [BLOB handle] P unchanged
+**          and return [SQLITE_ERROR].
+**
+** {F17882} The [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface shall return
+**          [SQLITE_OK] if N bytes where successfully written into the BLOB.
 **
 ** {F17885} If the requested write could not be completed,
-**          the [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns an
+**          the [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface shall return an
 **          appropriate [error code] or [extended error code].
 **
 ** {F17888} If an error occurs during evaluation of [sqlite3_blob_write(D,...)]
 **          then subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode(D)],
-**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] will return
-**          information approprate for that error.
+**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] shall return
+**          information appropriate for that error.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Virtual File System Objects {F11200}
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects {F11200}
 **
 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
 ** that SQLite uses to interact
 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
 ** The following interfaces are provided.
 **
-** The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to
-** a VFS given its name.  Names are case sensitive.
+** The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
+** Names are case sensitive.
 ** Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
-** If there is no match, a NULL
-** pointer is returned.  If zVfsName is NULL then the default
-** VFS is returned.
+** If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
+** If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
 **
 ** New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
 ** Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
 ** The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
 ** To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
@@ -5786,13 +6171,12 @@
 **          by the zName field of the object.
 **
 ** {F11212} Using the [sqlite3_vfs_register(P,F)] interface to register
 **          the same [sqlite3_vfs] object multiple times is a harmless no-op.
 **
-** {F11215} The [sqlite3_vfs_register(P,F)] interface makes the
-**          the [sqlite3_vfs] object P the default [sqlite3_vfs] object
-**          if F is non-zero.
+** {F11215} The [sqlite3_vfs_register(P,F)] interface makes the [sqlite3_vfs]
+**          object P the default [sqlite3_vfs] object if F is non-zero.
 **
 ** {F11218} The [sqlite3_vfs_unregister(P)] interface unregisters the
 **          [sqlite3_vfs] object P so that it is no longer returned by
 **          subsequent calls to [sqlite3_vfs_find()].
 */
@@ -5802,11 +6186,11 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes {F17000}
 **
 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
-** synchronization.  Though they are intended for internal
+** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
 **
 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
@@ -5822,20 +6206,19 @@
 **
 ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
 ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
-** are appropriate for use on os/2, unix, and windows.
+** are appropriate for use on OS/2, Unix, and Windows.
 **
 ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
-** implementation is included with the library.  The
-** mutex interface routines defined here become external
-** references in the SQLite library for which implementations
-** must be provided by the application.  This facility allows an
-** application that links against SQLite to provide its own mutex
-** implementation without having to modify the SQLite core.
+** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
+** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
+** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
+** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
 **
 ** {F17011} The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. {F17012} If it returns NULL
 ** that means that a mutex could not be allocated. {F17013} SQLite
 ** will unwind its stack and return an error. {F17014} The argument
@@ -5848,11 +6231,11 @@
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
-** </ul> {END}
+** </ul>
 **
 ** {F17015} The first two constants cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
 ** a new mutex.  The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used. {END}
 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
@@ -5872,42 +6255,46 @@
 **
 ** {F17018} Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  {F17034} But for the static
 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
-** the same type number. {END}
+** the same type number.
 **
 ** {F17019} The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
 ** allocated dynamic mutex. {F17020} SQLite is careful to deallocate every
-** dynamic mutex that it allocates. {U17021} The dynamic mutexes must not be in
-** use when they are deallocated. {U17022} Attempting to deallocate a static
+** dynamic mutex that it allocates. {A17021} The dynamic mutexes must not be in
+** use when they are deallocated. {A17022} Attempting to deallocate a static
 ** mutex results in undefined behavior. {F17023} SQLite never deallocates
 ** a static mutex. {END}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
 ** to enter a mutex. {F17024} If another thread is already within the mutex,
 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
-** SQLITE_BUSY. {F17025}  The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns SQLITE_OK
+** SQLITE_BUSY. {F17025}  The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
 ** upon successful entry.  {F17026} Mutexes created using
 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
 ** {F17027} In such cases the,
 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
-** can enter.  {U17028} If the same thread tries to enter any other
+** can enter.  {A17028} If the same thread tries to enter any other
 ** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
 ** {F17029} SQLite will never exhibit
-** such behavior in its own use of mutexes. {END}
-**
-** Some systems (ex: windows95) do not the operation implemented by
-** sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try() will
-** always return SQLITE_BUSY.  {F17030} The SQLite core only ever uses
-** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior. {END}
+** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.
+**
+** Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
+** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
+** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  {F17030} The SQLite core only ever uses
+** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.
 **
 ** {F17031} The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
-** previously entered by the same thread.  {U17032} The behavior
+** previously entered by the same thread.  {A17032} The behavior
 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  {F17033} SQLite will
 ** never do either. {END}
+**
+** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
+** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
+** behave as no-ops.
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
@@ -5914,30 +6301,91 @@
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verifcation Routines {F17080}
+** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object {F17120}
+**
+** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
+** used to allocate and use mutexes.
+**
+** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
+** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
+** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
+** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
+** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
+** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
+** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
+** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
+** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
+**
+** The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
+** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
+** {F17001} The xMutexInit routine shall be called by SQLite once for each
+** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
+**
+** The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
+** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
+** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
+** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
+** those obtained by the xMutexInit method. {F17003} The xMutexEnd()
+** interface shall be invoked once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
+**
+** The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
+** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
+** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
+** </ul>
+**
+** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
+** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
+** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
+** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
+** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
+** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
+** it is passed a NULL pointer).
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
+struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
+  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
+  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
+  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
+  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines {F17080}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements. {F17081} The SQLite core
 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  {F17082} The core only
 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
-** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  {U17087} External mutex implementations
+** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  {A17087} External mutex implementations
 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
 **
 ** {F17083} These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
-** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread. {END}
+** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
 **
 ** {X17084} The implementation is not required to provided versions of these
-** routines that actually work.
-** If the implementation does not provide working
-** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs
-** that always return true so that one does not get spurious
-** assertion failures. {END}
+** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
+** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
+** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
 **
 ** {F17085} If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
 ** the routine should return 1.  {END} This seems counter-intuitive since
 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But the
 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
@@ -5951,11 +6399,11 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types {F17001}
 **
 ** {F17002} The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
-** which is one of these integer constants. {END}
+** which is one of these integer constants.
 */
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
@@ -5979,12 +6427,12 @@
 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
 **
 ** {F11306} If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned. {F11307} This error
 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
-** or [sqlite3_errmsg()]. {U11308} The underlying xFileControl method might
-** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  {U11309} There is no way to distinguish between
+** or [sqlite3_errmsg()]. {A11308} The underlying xFileControl method might
+** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  {A11309} There is no way to distinguish between
 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
 ** xFileControl method. {END}
 **
 ** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
 */
@@ -5993,11 +6441,11 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface {F11400}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
-** purposes.  The first parameter a operation code that determines
+** purposes.  The first parameter is an operation code that determines
 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
 **
 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
@@ -6013,23 +6461,110 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes {F11410}
 **
 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
 **
-** These parameters and their meansing are subject to change
+** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
 */
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_CONFIG             1
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_FAILURES           2
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_BENIGN_FAILURES    3
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_PENDING            4
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status {F17200}
+**
+** This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
+** about the preformance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
+** highwater marks.  The first argument is an integer code for
+** the specific parameter to measure.  Recognized integer codes
+** are of the form [SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED | SQLITE_STATUS_...].
+** The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
+** The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  If the
+** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
+** *pHighwater is written. Some parameters do not record the highest
+** value.  For those parameters
+** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.
+** Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
+** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.
+**
+** This routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero
+** [error code] on failure.
+**
+** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can
+** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
+** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
+** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
+** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
+** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters {F17250}
+**
+** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
+** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
+** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
+** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
+** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
+** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
+** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
+** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
+** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
+** page cache buffer configured using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
+** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
+** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
+** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
+** scratch allocation lookaside buffer configured using
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
+** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one allocation
+** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
+** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
+** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
+** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
+** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
+** internal equivalents).  The value of interest is return in the
+** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()].  The value written
+** into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>
+** </dl>
+**
+** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
 
 
 /*
 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
 ** builds on processors without floating point support.
@@ -6376,15 +6911,15 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 1
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Provide a default value for TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
+** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
 ** on the command-line
 */
-#ifndef TEMP_STORE
-# define TEMP_STORE 1
+#ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
+# define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
 ** ourselves.
@@ -6576,11 +7111,11 @@
 *************************************************************************
 ** This header file defines the interface that the sqlite B-Tree file
 ** subsystem.  See comments in the source code for a detailed description
 ** of what each interface routine does.
 **
-** @(#) $Id: btree.h,v 1.98 2008/04/26 13:39:47 drh Exp $
+** @(#) $Id: btree.h,v 1.102 2008/07/11 21:02:54 drh Exp $
 */
 #ifndef _BTREE_H_
 #define _BTREE_H_
 
 /* TODO: This definition is just included so other modules compile. It
@@ -6638,15 +7173,10 @@
 #define BTREE_NO_READLOCK   2  /* Omit readlocks on readonly files */
 #define BTREE_MEMORY        4  /* In-memory DB.  No argument */
 #define BTREE_READONLY      8  /* Open the database in read-only mode */
 #define BTREE_READWRITE    16  /* Open for both reading and writing */
 #define BTREE_CREATE       32  /* Create the database if it does not exist */
-
-/* Additional values for the 4th argument of sqlite3BtreeOpen that
-** are not associated with PAGER_ values.
-*/
-#define BTREE_PRIVATE      64  /* Never share with other connections */
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeClose(Btree*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(Btree*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetSafetyLevel(Btree*,int,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSyncDisabled(Btree*);
@@ -6710,10 +7240,11 @@
   struct UnpackedRecord *pUnKey,
   i64 nKey,
   int bias,
   int *pRes
 );
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(BtCursor*, int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(BtCursor*, const void *pKey, i64 nKey,
                                   const void *pData, int nData,
                                   int nZero, int bias);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFirst(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
@@ -6737,11 +7268,10 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCacheOverflow(BtCursor *);
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorInfo(BtCursor*, int*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorList(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePageDump(Btree*, int, int recursive);
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** If we are not using shared cache, then there is no need to
 ** use mutexes to access the BtShared structures.  So make the
@@ -6748,28 +7278,40 @@
 ** Enter and Leave procedures no-ops.
 */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeEnter(Btree*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeLeave(Btree*);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  /* This routine is used inside assert() statements only. */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(Btree*);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeEnterCursor(BtCursor*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeLeaveCursor(BtCursor*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(sqlite3*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(sqlite3*);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  /* This routine is used inside assert() statements only. */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(sqlite3*);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayEnter(BtreeMutexArray*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayLeave(BtreeMutexArray*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayInsert(BtreeMutexArray*, Btree*);
 #else
 # define sqlite3BtreeEnter(X)
 # define sqlite3BtreeLeave(X)
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  /* This routine is used inside assert() statements only. */
 # define sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(X) 1
+#endif
 # define sqlite3BtreeEnterCursor(X)
 # define sqlite3BtreeLeaveCursor(X)
 # define sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(X)
 # define sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(X)
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  /* This routine is used inside assert() statements only. */
 # define sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(X) 1
+#endif
 # define sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayEnter(X)
 # define sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayLeave(X)
 # define sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayInsert(X,Y)
 #endif
 
@@ -6795,11 +7337,11 @@
 **
 ** This header defines the interface to the virtual database engine
 ** or VDBE.  The VDBE implements an abstract machine that runs a
 ** simple program to access and modify the underlying database.
 **
-** $Id: vdbe.h,v 1.131 2008/05/01 17:03:49 drh Exp $
+** $Id: vdbe.h,v 1.134 2008/06/25 00:12:41 drh Exp $
 */
 #ifndef _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
 #define _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
 
 /*
@@ -6840,17 +7382,18 @@
     VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc;   /* Used when p4type is P4_VDBEFUNC */
     CollSeq *pColl;        /* Used when p4type is P4_COLLSEQ */
     Mem *pMem;             /* Used when p4type is P4_MEM */
     sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;   /* Used when p4type is P4_VTAB */
     KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;     /* Used when p4type is P4_KEYINFO */
+    int *ai;               /* Used when p4type is P4_INTARRAY */
   } p4;
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  char *zComment;     /* Comment to improve readability */
+  char *zComment;          /* Comment to improve readability */
 #endif
 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-  int cnt;            /* Number of times this instruction was executed */
-  long long cycles;   /* Total time spend executing this instruction */
+  int cnt;                 /* Number of times this instruction was executed */
+  u64 cycles;              /* Total time spent executing this instruction */
 #endif
 };
 typedef struct VdbeOp VdbeOp;
 
 /*
@@ -6880,19 +7423,21 @@
 #define P4_VTAB     (-10) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure */
 #define P4_MPRINTF  (-11) /* P4 is a string obtained from sqlite3_mprintf() */
 #define P4_REAL     (-12) /* P4 is a 64-bit floating point value */
 #define P4_INT64    (-13) /* P4 is a 64-bit signed integer */
 #define P4_INT32    (-14) /* P4 is a 32-bit signed integer */
+#define P4_INTARRAY (-15) /* P4 is a vector of 32-bit integers */
 
 /* When adding a P4 argument using P4_KEYINFO, a copy of the KeyInfo structure
 ** is made.  That copy is freed when the Vdbe is finalized.  But if the
 ** argument is P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF, the passed in pointer is used.  It still
 ** gets freed when the Vdbe is finalized so it still should be obtained
 ** from a single sqliteMalloc().  But no copy is made and the calling
 ** function should *not* try to free the KeyInfo.
 */
-#define P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF (-9)
+#define P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF (-16)
+#define P4_KEYINFO_STATIC  (-17)
 
 /*
 ** The Vdbe.aColName array contains 5n Mem structures, where n is the
 ** number of columns of data returned by the statement.
 */
@@ -6947,125 +7492,125 @@
 #define OP_CollSeq                             12
 #define OP_OpenRead                            13
 #define OP_Expire                              14
 #define OP_AutoCommit                          15
 #define OP_Gt                                  69   /* same as TK_GT       */
-#define OP_IntegrityCk                         17
-#define OP_Sort                                18
-#define OP_Copy                                19
-#define OP_Trace                               20
-#define OP_Function                            21
-#define OP_IfNeg                               22
+#define OP_Pagecount                           17
+#define OP_IntegrityCk                         18
+#define OP_Sort                                19
+#define OP_Copy                                20
+#define OP_Trace                               21
+#define OP_Function                            22
+#define OP_IfNeg                               23
 #define OP_And                                 61   /* same as TK_AND      */
 #define OP_Subtract                            79   /* same as TK_MINUS    */
-#define OP_Noop                                23
-#define OP_Return                              24
+#define OP_Noop                                24
+#define OP_Return                              25
 #define OP_Remainder                           82   /* same as TK_REM      */
-#define OP_NewRowid                            25
+#define OP_NewRowid                            26
 #define OP_Multiply                            80   /* same as TK_STAR     */
-#define OP_Variable                            26
-#define OP_String                              27
-#define OP_RealAffinity                        28
-#define OP_VRename                             29
-#define OP_ParseSchema                         30
-#define OP_VOpen                               31
-#define OP_Close                               32
-#define OP_CreateIndex                         33
-#define OP_IsUnique                            34
-#define OP_NotFound                            35
-#define OP_Int64                               36
-#define OP_MustBeInt                           37
-#define OP_Halt                                38
-#define OP_Rowid                               39
-#define OP_IdxLT                               40
-#define OP_AddImm                              41
-#define OP_Statement                           42
-#define OP_RowData                             43
-#define OP_MemMax                              44
+#define OP_Variable                            27
+#define OP_String                              28
+#define OP_RealAffinity                        29
+#define OP_VRename                             30
+#define OP_ParseSchema                         31
+#define OP_VOpen                               32
+#define OP_Close                               33
+#define OP_CreateIndex                         34
+#define OP_IsUnique                            35
+#define OP_NotFound                            36
+#define OP_Int64                               37
+#define OP_MustBeInt                           38
+#define OP_Halt                                39
+#define OP_Rowid                               40
+#define OP_IdxLT                               41
+#define OP_AddImm                              42
+#define OP_Statement                           43
+#define OP_RowData                             44
+#define OP_MemMax                              45
 #define OP_Or                                  60   /* same as TK_OR       */
-#define OP_NotExists                           45
-#define OP_Gosub                               46
+#define OP_NotExists                           46
+#define OP_Gosub                               47
 #define OP_Divide                              81   /* same as TK_SLASH    */
-#define OP_Integer                             47
+#define OP_Integer                             48
 #define OP_ToNumeric                          140   /* same as TK_TO_NUMERIC*/
-#define OP_Prev                                48
+#define OP_Prev                                49
 #define OP_Concat                              83   /* same as TK_CONCAT   */
 #define OP_BitAnd                              74   /* same as TK_BITAND   */
-#define OP_VColumn                             49
-#define OP_CreateTable                         50
-#define OP_Last                                51
+#define OP_VColumn                             50
+#define OP_CreateTable                         51
+#define OP_Last                                52
 #define OP_IsNull                              65   /* same as TK_ISNULL   */
-#define OP_IncrVacuum                          52
-#define OP_IdxRowid                            53
+#define OP_IncrVacuum                          53
+#define OP_IdxRowid                            54
 #define OP_ShiftRight                          77   /* same as TK_RSHIFT   */
-#define OP_ResetCount                          54
-#define OP_FifoWrite                           55
-#define OP_ContextPush                         56
-#define OP_DropTrigger                         57
-#define OP_DropIndex                           58
-#define OP_IdxGE                               59
-#define OP_IdxDelete                           62
-#define OP_Vacuum                              63
-#define OP_MoveLe                              64
-#define OP_IfNot                               73
-#define OP_DropTable                           84
-#define OP_MakeRecord                          85
+#define OP_ResetCount                          55
+#define OP_FifoWrite                           56
+#define OP_ContextPush                         57
+#define OP_Yield                               58
+#define OP_DropTrigger                         59
+#define OP_DropIndex                           62
+#define OP_IdxGE                               63
+#define OP_IdxDelete                           64
+#define OP_Vacuum                              73
+#define OP_MoveLe                              84
+#define OP_IfNot                               85
+#define OP_DropTable                           86
+#define OP_MakeRecord                          89
 #define OP_ToBlob                             139   /* same as TK_TO_BLOB  */
-#define OP_ResultRow                           86
-#define OP_Delete                              89
-#define OP_AggFinal                            90
+#define OP_ResultRow                           90
+#define OP_Delete                              91
+#define OP_AggFinal                            92
+#define OP_Compare                             93
 #define OP_ShiftLeft                           76   /* same as TK_LSHIFT   */
-#define OP_Goto                                91
-#define OP_TableLock                           92
-#define OP_FifoRead                            93
-#define OP_Clear                               94
-#define OP_MoveLt                              95
+#define OP_Goto                                94
+#define OP_TableLock                           95
+#define OP_FifoRead                            96
+#define OP_Clear                               97
+#define OP_MoveLt                              98
 #define OP_Le                                  70   /* same as TK_LE       */
-#define OP_VerifyCookie                        96
-#define OP_AggStep                             97
+#define OP_VerifyCookie                        99
+#define OP_AggStep                            100
 #define OP_ToText                             138   /* same as TK_TO_TEXT  */
 #define OP_Not                                 16   /* same as TK_NOT      */
 #define OP_ToReal                             142   /* same as TK_TO_REAL  */
-#define OP_SetNumColumns                       98
-#define OP_Transaction                         99
-#define OP_VFilter                            100
+#define OP_SetNumColumns                      101
+#define OP_Transaction                        102
+#define OP_VFilter                            103
 #define OP_Ne                                  67   /* same as TK_NE       */
-#define OP_VDestroy                           101
-#define OP_ContextPop                         102
+#define OP_VDestroy                           104
+#define OP_ContextPop                         105
 #define OP_BitOr                               75   /* same as TK_BITOR    */
-#define OP_Next                               103
-#define OP_IdxInsert                          104
+#define OP_Next                               106
+#define OP_IdxInsert                          107
 #define OP_Lt                                  71   /* same as TK_LT       */
-#define OP_Insert                             105
-#define OP_Destroy                            106
-#define OP_ReadCookie                         107
-#define OP_ForceInt                           108
-#define OP_LoadAnalysis                       109
-#define OP_Explain                            110
-#define OP_OpenPseudo                         111
-#define OP_OpenEphemeral                      112
-#define OP_Null                               113
-#define OP_Move                               114
-#define OP_Blob                               115
+#define OP_Insert                             108
+#define OP_Destroy                            109
+#define OP_ReadCookie                         110
+#define OP_ForceInt                           111
+#define OP_LoadAnalysis                       112
+#define OP_Explain                            113
+#define OP_OpenPseudo                         114
+#define OP_OpenEphemeral                      115
+#define OP_Null                               116
+#define OP_Move                               117
+#define OP_Blob                               118
 #define OP_Add                                 78   /* same as TK_PLUS     */
-#define OP_Rewind                             116
-#define OP_MoveGe                             117
-#define OP_VBegin                             118
-#define OP_VUpdate                            119
-#define OP_IfZero                             120
+#define OP_Rewind                             119
+#define OP_MoveGe                             120
+#define OP_VBegin                             121
+#define OP_VUpdate                            122
+#define OP_IfZero                             123
 #define OP_BitNot                              87   /* same as TK_BITNOT   */
-#define OP_VCreate                            121
-#define OP_Found                              122
-#define OP_IfPos                              123
-#define OP_NullRow                            124
-
-/* The following opcode values are never used */
-#define OP_NotUsed_126                        126
-#define OP_NotUsed_127                        127
-#define OP_NotUsed_128                        128
-#define OP_NotUsed_129                        129
-#define OP_NotUsed_130                        130
+#define OP_VCreate                            124
+#define OP_Found                              126
+#define OP_IfPos                              127
+#define OP_NullRow                            128
+#define OP_Jump                               129
+#define OP_Permutation                        130
+
+/* The following opcode values are never used */
 #define OP_NotUsed_131                        131
 #define OP_NotUsed_132                        132
 #define OP_NotUsed_133                        133
 #define OP_NotUsed_134                        134
 #define OP_NotUsed_135                        135
@@ -7084,25 +7629,25 @@
 #define OPFLG_IN3             0x0010  /* in3:   P3 is an input */
 #define OPFLG_OUT3            0x0020  /* out3:  P3 is an output */
 #define OPFLG_INITIALIZER {\
 /*   0 */ 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x02, 0x11, 0x00,\
 /*   8 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/*  16 */ 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,\
-/*  24 */ 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/*  32 */ 0x00, 0x02, 0x11, 0x11, 0x02, 0x05, 0x00, 0x02,\
-/*  40 */ 0x11, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x11, 0x01, 0x02,\
-/*  48 */ 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04,\
-/*  56 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/*  64 */ 0x11, 0x05, 0x05, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15,\
-/*  72 */ 0x15, 0x05, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x2c,\
-/*  80 */ 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,\
-/*  88 */ 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x11,\
-/*  96 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,\
-/* 104 */ 0x08, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 112 */ 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 120 */ 0x05, 0x00, 0x11, 0x05, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 128 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/*  16 */ 0x04, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,\
+/*  24 */ 0x00, 0x04, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/*  32 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x11, 0x11, 0x02, 0x05, 0x00,\
+/*  40 */ 0x02, 0x11, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x11, 0x01,\
+/*  48 */ 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00,\
+/*  56 */ 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x00, 0x11,\
+/*  64 */ 0x00, 0x05, 0x05, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15,\
+/*  72 */ 0x15, 0x00, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x2c,\
+/*  80 */ 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0x11, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04,\
+/*  88 */ 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,\
+/*  96 */ 0x01, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,\
+/* 104 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x08, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x05,\
+/* 112 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01,\
+/* 120 */ 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x02, 0x11, 0x05,\
+/* 128 */ 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
 /* 136 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,}
 
 /************** End of opcodes.h *********************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in vdbe.h ***********************/
 
@@ -7153,12 +7698,15 @@
 
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeComment(Vdbe*, const char*, ...);
 # define VdbeComment(X)  sqlite3VdbeComment X
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeNoopComment(Vdbe*, const char*, ...);
+# define VdbeNoopComment(X)  sqlite3VdbeNoopComment X
 #else
 # define VdbeComment(X)
+# define VdbeNoopComment(X)
 #endif
 
 #endif
 
 /************** End of vdbe.h ************************************************/
@@ -7178,21 +7726,29 @@
 *************************************************************************
 ** This header file defines the interface that the sqlite page cache
 ** subsystem.  The page cache subsystem reads and writes a file a page
 ** at a time and provides a journal for rollback.
 **
-** @(#) $Id: pager.h,v 1.72 2008/05/01 17:03:49 drh Exp $
+** @(#) $Id: pager.h,v 1.76 2008/06/07 08:58:22 danielk1977 Exp $
 */
 
 #ifndef _PAGER_H_
 #define _PAGER_H_
 
 /*
+** If defined as non-zero, auto-vacuum is enabled by default. Otherwise
+** it must be turned on for each database using "PRAGMA auto_vacuum = 1".
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT
+  #define SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT -1
+#endif
+
+/*
 ** The type used to represent a page number.  The first page in a file
 ** is called page 1.  0 is used to represent "not a page".
 */
-typedef unsigned int Pgno;
+typedef u32 Pgno;
 
 /*
 ** Each open file is managed by a separate instance of the "Pager" structure.
 */
 typedef struct Pager Pager;
@@ -7242,11 +7798,11 @@
 #define sqlite3PagerGet(A,B,C) sqlite3PagerAcquire(A,B,C,0)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE DbPage *sqlite3PagerLookup(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRef(DbPage*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerUnref(DbPage*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWrite(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager*, int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerTruncate(Pager*,Pgno);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerBegin(DbPage*, int exFlag);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(Pager*,const char *zMaster, Pgno, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRollback(Pager*);
@@ -7267,10 +7823,11 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager*,DbPage*,Pgno);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetData(DbPage *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetExtra(DbPage *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerLockingMode(Pager *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerJournalMode(Pager *, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3PagerJournalSizeLimit(Pager *, i64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerTempSpace(Pager*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSync(Pager *pPager);
 
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerReleaseMemory(int);
@@ -7286,10 +7843,11 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int *sqlite3PagerStats(Pager*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3PagerRefdump(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(Pager*);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
 void disable_simulated_io_errors(void);
 void enable_simulated_io_errors(void);
@@ -7321,67 +7879,79 @@
 ** "os.c") attempt to abstract the underlying operating system so that
 ** the SQLite library will work on both POSIX and windows systems.
 **
 ** This header file is #include-ed by sqliteInt.h and thus ends up
 ** being included by every source file.
+**
+** $Id: os.h,v 1.105 2008/06/26 10:41:19 danielk1977 Exp $
 */
 #ifndef _SQLITE_OS_H_
 #define _SQLITE_OS_H_
 
 /*
 ** Figure out if we are dealing with Unix, Windows, or some other
 ** operating system.  After the following block of preprocess macros,
-** all of OS_UNIX, OS_WIN, OS_OS2, and OS_OTHER will defined to either
-** 1 or 0.  One of the four will be 1.  The other three will be 0.
-*/
-#if defined(OS_OTHER)
-# if OS_OTHER==1
-#   undef OS_UNIX
-#   define OS_UNIX 0
-#   undef OS_WIN
-#   define OS_WIN 0
-#   undef OS_OS2
-#   define OS_OS2 0
+** all of SQLITE_OS_UNIX, SQLITE_OS_WIN, SQLITE_OS_OS2, and SQLITE_OS_OTHER
+** will defined to either 1 or 0.  One of the four will be 1.  The other
+** three will be 0.
+*/
+#if defined(SQLITE_OS_OTHER)
+# if SQLITE_OS_OTHER==1
+#   undef SQLITE_OS_UNIX
+#   define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 0
+#   undef SQLITE_OS_WIN
+#   define SQLITE_OS_WIN 0
+#   undef SQLITE_OS_OS2
+#   define SQLITE_OS_OS2 0
 # else
-#   undef OS_OTHER
+#   undef SQLITE_OS_OTHER
 # endif
 #endif
-#if !defined(OS_UNIX) && !defined(OS_OTHER)
-# define OS_OTHER 0
-# ifndef OS_WIN
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OS_UNIX) && !defined(SQLITE_OS_OTHER)
+# define SQLITE_OS_OTHER 0
+# ifndef SQLITE_OS_WIN
 #   if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-#     define OS_WIN 1
-#     define OS_UNIX 0
-#     define OS_OS2 0
+#     define SQLITE_OS_WIN 1
+#     define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 0
+#     define SQLITE_OS_OS2 0
 #   elif defined(__EMX__) || defined(_OS2) || defined(OS2) || defined(_OS2_) || defined(__OS2__)
-#     define OS_WIN 0
-#     define OS_UNIX 0
-#     define OS_OS2 1
+#     define SQLITE_OS_WIN 0
+#     define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 0
+#     define SQLITE_OS_OS2 1
 #   else
-#     define OS_WIN 0
-#     define OS_UNIX 1
-#     define OS_OS2 0
+#     define SQLITE_OS_WIN 0
+#     define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 1
+#     define SQLITE_OS_OS2 0
 #  endif
 # else
-#  define OS_UNIX 0
-#  define OS_OS2 0
+#  define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 0
+#  define SQLITE_OS_OS2 0
 # endif
 #else
-# ifndef OS_WIN
-#  define OS_WIN 0
+# ifndef SQLITE_OS_WIN
+#  define SQLITE_OS_WIN 0
 # endif
 #endif
 
+/*
+** Determine if we are dealing with WindowsCE - which has a much
+** reduced API.
+*/
+#if defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+# define SQLITE_OS_WINCE 1
+#else
+# define SQLITE_OS_WINCE 0
+#endif
 
 
 /*
 ** Define the maximum size of a temporary filename
 */
-#if OS_WIN
+#if SQLITE_OS_WIN
 # include <windows.h>
 # define SQLITE_TEMPNAME_SIZE (MAX_PATH+50)
-#elif OS_OS2
+#elif SQLITE_OS_OS2
 # if (__GNUC__ > 3 || __GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3) && defined(OS2_HIGH_MEMORY)
 #  include <os2safe.h> /* has to be included before os2.h for linking to work */
 # endif
 # define INCL_DOSDATETIME
 # define INCL_DOSFILEMGR
@@ -7536,27 +8106,28 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsTruncate(sqlite3_file*, i64 size);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSync(sqlite3_file*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileSize(sqlite3_file*, i64 *pSize);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsLock(sqlite3_file*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsUnlock(sqlite3_file*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileControl(sqlite3_file*,int,void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSectorSize(sqlite3_file *id);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id);
 
 /*
 ** Functions for accessing sqlite3_vfs methods
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file*, int, int *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDelete(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsAccess(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsGetTempname(sqlite3_vfs *, int, char *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsAccess(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, int, int *pResOut);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFullPathname(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, int, char *);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3OsDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsDlError(sqlite3_vfs *, int, char *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3OsDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *, void *, const char *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *, void *);
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *, int, char *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSleep(sqlite3_vfs *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCurrentTime(sqlite3_vfs *, double*);
 
 /*
@@ -7563,20 +8134,10 @@
 ** Convenience functions for opening and closing files using
 ** sqlite3_malloc() to obtain space for the file-handle structure.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsOpenMalloc(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file **, int,int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCloseFree(sqlite3_file *);
-
-/*
-** Each OS-specific backend defines an instance of the following
-** structure for returning a pointer to its sqlite3_vfs.  If OS_OTHER
-** is defined (meaning that the application-defined OS interface layer
-** is used) then there is no default VFS.   The application must
-** register one or more VFS structures using sqlite3_vfs_register()
-** before attempting to use SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3OsDefaultVfs(void);
 
 #endif /* _SQLITE_OS_H_ */
 
 /************** End of os.h **************************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
@@ -7601,11 +8162,11 @@
 **
 ** NOTE:  source files should *not* #include this header file directly.
 ** Source files should #include the sqliteInt.h file and let that file
 ** include this one indirectly.
 **
-** $Id: mutex.h,v 1.2 2007/08/30 14:10:30 drh Exp $
+** $Id: mutex.h,v 1.8 2008/06/26 10:41:19 danielk1977 Exp $
 */
 
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF
 /*
@@ -7635,19 +8196,19 @@
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP 1   /* The default */
 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !SQLITE_THREADSAFE
 # undef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
 # define SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP_DEBUG
 #endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE && OS_UNIX
+#if defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE && SQLITE_OS_UNIX
 # undef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
 # define SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
 #endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE && OS_WIN
+#if defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE && SQLITE_OS_WIN
 # undef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
 # define SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
 #endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE && OS_OS2
+#if defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE && SQLITE_OS_OS2
 # undef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
 # define SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
@@ -7659,10 +8220,13 @@
 #define sqlite3_mutex_enter(X)
 #define sqlite3_mutex_try(X)      SQLITE_OK
 #define sqlite3_mutex_leave(X)
 #define sqlite3_mutex_held(X)     1
 #define sqlite3_mutex_notheld(X)  1
+#define sqlite3MutexAlloc(X)      ((sqlite3_mutex*)8)
+#define sqlite3MutexInit()        SQLITE_OK
+#define sqlite3MutexEnd()
 #endif
 
 #endif /* SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF */
 
 /************** End of mutex.h ***********************************************/
@@ -8025,12 +8589,11 @@
 /*
 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
 ** changing the affinity.
 */
 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x08  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
-#define SQLITE_NULLEQUAL    0x10  /* compare NULLs equal */
-#define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x80  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
+#define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x10  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
 
 /*
 ** Each SQL table is represented in memory by an instance of the
 ** following structure.
 **
@@ -8369,12 +8932,11 @@
   int iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
   int iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
   Select *pSelect;       /* When the expression is a sub-select.  Also the
                          ** right side of "<expr> IN (<select>)" */
   Table *pTab;           /* Table for OP_Column expressions. */
-/*  Schema *pSchema; */
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
+#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
 #endif
 };
 
 /*
@@ -8389,11 +8951,11 @@
 #define EP_Dequoted   0x0040  /* True if the string has been dequoted */
 #define EP_InfixFunc  0x0080  /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
 #define EP_ExpCollate 0x0100  /* Collating sequence specified explicitly */
 #define EP_AnyAff     0x0200  /* Can take a cached column of any affinity */
 #define EP_FixedDest  0x0400  /* Result needed in a specific register */
-
+#define EP_IntValue   0x0800  /* Integer value contained in iTable */
 /*
 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
 ** Expr.flags field.
 */
 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
@@ -8663,14 +9225,14 @@
 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_Discard)
 
 #define SRT_Callback     5  /* Invoke a callback with each row of result */
 #define SRT_Mem          6  /* Store result in a memory cell */
-#define SRT_Set          7  /* Store non-null results as keys in an index */
+#define SRT_Set          7  /* Store results as keys in an index */
 #define SRT_Table        8  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
 #define SRT_EphemTab     9  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
-#define SRT_Subroutine  10  /* Call a subroutine to handle results */
+#define SRT_Coroutine   10  /* Generate a single row of result */
 
 /*
 ** A structure used to customize the behaviour of sqlite3Select(). See
 ** comments above sqlite3Select() for details.
 */
@@ -8760,13 +9322,11 @@
   Token sArg;                /* Complete text of a module argument */
   u8 declareVtab;            /* True if inside sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
   int nVtabLock;             /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
   Table **apVtabLock;        /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
 #endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
-  int nHeight;            /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
-#endif
+  int nHeight;            /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
 };
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
 #else
@@ -8961,10 +9521,36 @@
   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
 } InitData;
 
 /*
+** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
+**
+** This structure also contains some state information.
+*/
+struct Sqlite3Config {
+  int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
+  int bCoreMutex;                   /* True to enable core mutexing */
+  int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
+  int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
+  sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
+  sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
+  void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
+  int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
+  int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
+  void *pScratch;                   /* Scratch memory */
+  int szScratch;                    /* Size of each scratch buffer */
+  int nScratch;                     /* Number of scratch buffers */
+  void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
+  int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
+  int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
+  int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
+  int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
+  sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
+};
+
+/*
 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
 */
 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
@@ -8979,45 +9565,69 @@
 ** corruption is first detected.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3Corrupt(void);
 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3Corrupt()
-# define DEBUGONLY(X)        X
-#else
-# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT SQLITE_CORRUPT
-# define DEBUGONLY(X)
+#else
+# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT SQLITE_CORRUPT
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** Internal function prototypes
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StrICmp(const char *, const char *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StrNICmp(const char *, const char *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsNumber(const char*, int*, u8);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3MallocZero(unsigned);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, unsigned);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, unsigned);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Strlen(sqlite3*, const char*);
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Malloc(int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3MallocZero(int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrDup(const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrNDup(const char*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocSize(void *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ScratchFree(void*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite3_mutex_methods *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
+#endif
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusReset(void);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StatusValue(int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusAdd(int, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusSet(int, int);
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VXPrintf(StrAccum*, int, const char*, va_list);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
 #endif
 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void *sqlite3TextToPtr(const char*);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **, ...);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
+#endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*, ...);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorClear(Parse*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteExpr(sqlite3*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
@@ -9084,11 +9694,11 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3IdListDelete(IdList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListDelete(SrcList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
                         Token*, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*, Select*, int, int*, char *aff);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*, Select*, int, int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
                          Expr*,ExprList*,int,Expr*,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDelete(Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
@@ -9096,11 +9706,12 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList**, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, int, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprClearColumnCache(Parse*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprWritableRegister(Parse*,int,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprHardCopy(Parse*,int,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
@@ -9289,19 +9900,20 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
+SQLITE_PRIVATE struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
 #endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RootPageMoved(Db*, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFunctions(sqlite3*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *, Expr *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *, Expr *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectResolve(Parse *, Select *, NameContext *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(sqlite3*, CollSeq *, const char *, int);
@@ -9323,10 +9935,11 @@
   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), void (*)(sqlite3_context*));
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, char*, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum*,const char*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
 
@@ -9388,52 +10001,41 @@
 */
 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
 
 /*
-** The interface to the fault injector subsystem.  If the fault injector
-** mechanism is disabled at compile-time then set up macros so that no
-** unnecessary code is generated.
+** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
+** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
+** is not defined.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FaultConfig(int,int,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3FaultFailures(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3FaultBenignFailures(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3FaultPending(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FaultBeginBenign(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FaultEndBenign(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3FaultStep(int);
-#else
-# define sqlite3FaultConfig(A,B,C)
-# define sqlite3FaultFailures(A)         0
-# define sqlite3FaultBenignFailures(A)   0
-# define sqlite3FaultPending(A)          (-1)
-# define sqlite3FaultBeginBenign(A)
-# define sqlite3FaultEndBenign(A)
-# define sqlite3FaultStep(A)             0
-#endif
-
-
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
+#else
+  #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
+  #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
+#endif
 
 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID           1
 #define IN_INDEX_EPH             2
 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX           3
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, int*);
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
 #else
   #define sqlite3JournalSize(pVfs) ((pVfs)->szOsFile)
 #endif
 
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ExprSetHeight(Expr *);
+#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ExprSetHeight(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
 #else
-  #define sqlite3ExprSetHeight(x)
+  #define sqlite3ExprSetHeight(x,y)
+  #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
 #endif
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
 
@@ -9460,10 +10062,168 @@
 #endif
 
 #endif
 
 /************** End of sqliteInt.h *******************************************/
+/************** Begin file global.c ******************************************/
+/*
+** 2008 June 13
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+**
+** This file contains definitions of global variables and contants.
+**
+** $Id: global.c,v 1.3 2008/07/08 14:52:10 drh Exp $
+*/
+
+
+/* An array to map all upper-case characters into their corresponding
+** lower-case character.
+**
+** SQLite only considers US-ASCII (or EBCDIC) characters.  We do not
+** handle case conversions for the UTF character set since the tables
+** involved are nearly as big or bigger than SQLite itself.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[] = {
+#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
+      0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
+     18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
+     36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53,
+     54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 97, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,
+    104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,
+    122, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,
+    108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,
+    126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,
+    144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,
+    162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,
+    180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,
+    198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,
+    216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,
+    234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,
+    252,253,254,255
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
+      0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, /* 0x */
+     16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, /* 1x */
+     32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, /* 2x */
+     48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, /* 3x */
+     64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, /* 4x */
+     80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, /* 5x */
+     96, 97, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,106,107,108,109,110,111, /* 6x */
+    112, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89,122,123,124,125,126,127, /* 7x */
+    128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143, /* 8x */
+    144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,156,159, /* 9x */
+    160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,140,141,142,175, /* Ax */
+    176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191, /* Bx */
+    192,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,202,203,204,205,206,207, /* Cx */
+    208,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,218,219,220,221,222,223, /* Dx */
+    224,225,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,232,203,204,205,206,207, /* Ex */
+    239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,219,220,221,222,255, /* Fx */
+#endif
+};
+
+/*
+** The following singleton contains the global configuration for
+** the SQLite library.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config = { 1, 1, 1, 0x7ffffffe };
+
+/************** End of global.c **********************************************/
+/************** Begin file status.c ******************************************/
+/*
+** 2008 June 18
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+**
+** This module implements the sqlite3_status() interface and related
+** functionality.
+**
+** $Id: status.c,v 1.3 2008/07/11 16:15:18 drh Exp $
+*/
+
+/*
+** Variables in which to record status information.
+*/
+static struct {
+  int nowValue[6];         /* Current value */
+  int mxValue[6];          /* Maximum value */
+} sqlite3Stat;
+
+
+/*
+** Reset the status records.  This routine is called by
+** sqlite3_initialize().
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusReset(void){
+  memset(&sqlite3Stat, 0, sizeof(sqlite3Stat));
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the current value of a status parameter.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StatusValue(int op){
+  assert( op>=0 && op<ArraySize(sqlite3Stat.nowValue) );
+  return sqlite3Stat.nowValue[op];
+}
+
+/*
+** Add N to the value of a status record.  It is assumed that the
+** caller holds appropriate locks.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusAdd(int op, int N){
+  assert( op>=0 && op<ArraySize(sqlite3Stat.nowValue) );
+  sqlite3Stat.nowValue[op] += N;
+  if( sqlite3Stat.nowValue[op]>sqlite3Stat.mxValue[op] ){
+    sqlite3Stat.mxValue[op] = sqlite3Stat.nowValue[op];
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Set the value of a status to X.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusSet(int op, int X){
+  assert( op>=0 && op<ArraySize(sqlite3Stat.nowValue) );
+  sqlite3Stat.nowValue[op] = X;
+  if( sqlite3Stat.nowValue[op]>sqlite3Stat.mxValue[op] ){
+    sqlite3Stat.mxValue[op] = sqlite3Stat.nowValue[op];
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Query status information.
+**
+** This implementation assumes that reading or writing an aligned
+** 32-bit integer is an atomic operation.  If that assumption is not true,
+** then this routine is not threadsafe.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag){
+  if( op<0 || op>=ArraySize(sqlite3Stat.nowValue) ){
+    return SQLITE_MISUSE;
+  }
+  *pCurrent = sqlite3Stat.nowValue[op];
+  *pHighwater = sqlite3Stat.mxValue[op];
+  if( resetFlag ){
+    sqlite3Stat.mxValue[op] = sqlite3Stat.nowValue[op];
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/************** End of status.c **********************************************/
 /************** Begin file date.c ********************************************/
 /*
 ** 2003 October 31
 **
 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
@@ -9479,11 +10239,11 @@
 **
 ** There is only one exported symbol in this file - the function
 ** sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions() found at the bottom of the file.
 ** All other code has file scope.
 **
-** $Id: date.c,v 1.79 2008/03/20 14:03:29 drh Exp $
+** $Id: date.c,v 1.85 2008/06/18 17:09:10 danielk1977 Exp $
 **
 ** SQLite processes all times and dates as Julian Day numbers.  The
 ** dates and times are stored as the number of days since noon
 ** in Greenwich on November 24, 4714 B.C. according to the Gregorian
 ** calendar system.
@@ -9514,23 +10274,40 @@
 #include <time.h>
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
 
 /*
+** On recent Windows platforms, the localtime_s() function is available
+** as part of the "Secure CRT". It is essentially equivalent to
+** localtime_r() available under most POSIX platforms, except that the
+** order of the parameters is reversed.
+**
+** See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a442x3ye(VS.80).aspx.
+**
+** If the user has not indicated to use localtime_r() or localtime_s()
+** already, check for an MSVC build environment that provides
+** localtime_s().
+*/
+#if !defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) && !defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S) && \
+     defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE)
+#define HAVE_LOCALTIME_S 1
+#endif
+
+/*
 ** A structure for holding a single date and time.
 */
 typedef struct DateTime DateTime;
 struct DateTime {
-  double rJD;      /* The julian day number */
-  int Y, M, D;     /* Year, month, and day */
-  int h, m;        /* Hour and minutes */
-  int tz;          /* Timezone offset in minutes */
-  double s;        /* Seconds */
-  char validYMD;   /* True if Y,M,D are valid */
-  char validHMS;   /* True if h,m,s are valid */
-  char validJD;    /* True if rJD is valid */
-  char validTZ;    /* True if tz is valid */
+  sqlite3_int64 iJD; /* The julian day number times 86400000 */
+  int Y, M, D;       /* Year, month, and day */
+  int h, m;          /* Hour and minutes */
+  int tz;            /* Timezone offset in minutes */
+  double s;          /* Seconds */
+  char validYMD;     /* True if Y,M,D are valid */
+  char validHMS;     /* True if h,m,s are valid */
+  char validJD;      /* True if iJD is valid */
+  char validTZ;      /* True if tz is valid */
 };
 
 
 /*
 ** Convert zDate into one or more integers.  Additional arguments
@@ -9699,16 +10476,16 @@
   }
   A = Y/100;
   B = 2 - A + (A/4);
   X1 = 365.25*(Y+4716);
   X2 = 30.6001*(M+1);
-  p->rJD = X1 + X2 + D + B - 1524.5;
+  p->iJD = (X1 + X2 + D + B - 1524.5)*86400000;
   p->validJD = 1;
   if( p->validHMS ){
-    p->rJD += (p->h*3600.0 + p->m*60.0 + p->s)/86400.0;
+    p->iJD += p->h*3600000 + p->m*60000 + p->s*1000;
     if( p->validTZ ){
-      p->rJD -= p->tz*60/86400.0;
+      p->iJD -= p->tz*60000;
       p->validYMD = 0;
       p->validHMS = 0;
       p->validTZ = 0;
     }
   }
@@ -9757,10 +10534,21 @@
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
 /*
+** Set the time to the current time reported by the VFS
+*/
+static void setDateTimeToCurrent(sqlite3_context *context, DateTime *p){
+  double r;
+  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
+  sqlite3OsCurrentTime(db->pVfs, &r);
+  p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(r*86400000.0 + 0.5);
+  p->validJD = 1;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Attempt to parse the given string into a Julian Day Number.  Return
 ** the number of errors.
 **
 ** The following are acceptable forms for the input string:
 **
@@ -9777,24 +10565,21 @@
 static int parseDateOrTime(
   sqlite3_context *context,
   const char *zDate,
   DateTime *p
 ){
-  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
   if( parseYyyyMmDd(zDate,p)==0 ){
     return 0;
   }else if( parseHhMmSs(zDate, p)==0 ){
     return 0;
   }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDate,"now")==0){
-    double r;
-    sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-    sqlite3OsCurrentTime(db->pVfs, &r);
-    p->rJD = r;
-    p->validJD = 1;
+    setDateTimeToCurrent(context, p);
     return 0;
   }else if( sqlite3IsNumber(zDate, 0, SQLITE_UTF8) ){
-    getValue(zDate, &p->rJD);
+    double r;
+    getValue(zDate, &r);
+    p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(r*86400000.0 + 0.5);
     p->validJD = 1;
     return 0;
   }
   return 1;
 }
@@ -9808,11 +10593,11 @@
   if( !p->validJD ){
     p->Y = 2000;
     p->M = 1;
     p->D = 1;
   }else{
-    Z = p->rJD + 0.5;
+    Z = (p->iJD + 43200000)/86400000;
     A = (Z - 1867216.25)/36524.25;
     A = Z + 1 + A - (A/4);
     B = A + 1524;
     C = (B - 122.1)/365.25;
     D = 365.25*C;
@@ -9827,16 +10612,15 @@
 
 /*
 ** Compute the Hour, Minute, and Seconds from the julian day number.
 */
 static void computeHMS(DateTime *p){
-  int Z, s;
+  int s;
   if( p->validHMS ) return;
   computeJD(p);
-  Z = p->rJD + 0.5;
-  s = (p->rJD + 0.5 - Z)*86400000.0 + 0.5;
-  p->s = 0.001*s;
+  s = (p->iJD + 43200000) % 86400000;
+  p->s = s/1000.0;
   s = p->s;
   p->s -= s;
   p->h = s/3600;
   s -= p->h*3600;
   p->m = s/60;
@@ -9859,15 +10643,17 @@
   p->validYMD = 0;
   p->validHMS = 0;
   p->validTZ = 0;
 }
 
-/*
-** Compute the difference (in days) between localtime and UTC (a.k.a. GMT)
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
+/*
+** Compute the difference (in milliseconds)
+** between localtime and UTC (a.k.a. GMT)
 ** for the time value p where p is in UTC.
 */
-static double localtimeOffset(DateTime *p){
+static int localtimeOffset(DateTime *p){
   DateTime x, y;
   time_t t;
   x = *p;
   computeYMD_HMS(&x);
   if( x.Y<1971 || x.Y>=2038 ){
@@ -9882,11 +10668,11 @@
     x.s = s;
   }
   x.tz = 0;
   x.validJD = 0;
   computeJD(&x);
-  t = (x.rJD-2440587.5)*86400.0 + 0.5;
+  t = x.iJD/1000 - 2440587.5*86400.0;
 #ifdef HAVE_LOCALTIME_R
   {
     struct tm sLocal;
     localtime_r(&t, &sLocal);
     y.Y = sLocal.tm_year + 1900;
@@ -9894,31 +10680,43 @@
     y.D = sLocal.tm_mday;
     y.h = sLocal.tm_hour;
     y.m = sLocal.tm_min;
     y.s = sLocal.tm_sec;
   }
+#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
+  {
+    struct tm sLocal;
+    localtime_s(&sLocal, &t);
+    y.Y = sLocal.tm_year + 1900;
+    y.M = sLocal.tm_mon + 1;
+    y.D = sLocal.tm_mday;
+    y.h = sLocal.tm_hour;
+    y.m = sLocal.tm_min;
+    y.s = sLocal.tm_sec;
+  }
 #else
   {
     struct tm *pTm;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
     pTm = localtime(&t);
     y.Y = pTm->tm_year + 1900;
     y.M = pTm->tm_mon + 1;
     y.D = pTm->tm_mday;
     y.h = pTm->tm_hour;
     y.m = pTm->tm_min;
     y.s = pTm->tm_sec;
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
   }
 #endif
   y.validYMD = 1;
   y.validHMS = 1;
   y.validJD = 0;
   y.validTZ = 0;
   computeJD(&y);
-  return y.rJD - x.rJD;
-}
+  return y.iJD - x.iJD;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME */
 
 /*
 ** Process a modifier to a date-time stamp.  The modifiers are
 ** as follows:
 **
@@ -9948,42 +10746,44 @@
   for(n=0; n<sizeof(zBuf)-1 && zMod[n]; n++){
     z[n] = tolower(zMod[n]);
   }
   z[n] = 0;
   switch( z[0] ){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
     case 'l': {
       /*    localtime
       **
       ** Assuming the current time value is UTC (a.k.a. GMT), shift it to
       ** show local time.
       */
       if( strcmp(z, "localtime")==0 ){
         computeJD(p);
-        p->rJD += localtimeOffset(p);
+        p->iJD += localtimeOffset(p);
         clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
         rc = 0;
       }
       break;
     }
+#endif
     case 'u': {
       /*
       **    unixepoch
       **
-      ** Treat the current value of p->rJD as the number of
+      ** Treat the current value of p->iJD as the number of
       ** seconds since 1970.  Convert to a real julian day number.
       */
       if( strcmp(z, "unixepoch")==0 && p->validJD ){
-        p->rJD = p->rJD/86400.0 + 2440587.5;
+        p->iJD = p->iJD/86400.0 + 2440587.5*86400000.0;
         clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
         rc = 0;
       }else if( strcmp(z, "utc")==0 ){
         double c1;
         computeJD(p);
         c1 = localtimeOffset(p);
-        p->rJD -= c1;
+        p->iJD -= c1;
         clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
-        p->rJD += c1 - localtimeOffset(p);
+        p->iJD += c1 - localtimeOffset(p);
         rc = 0;
       }
       break;
     }
     case 'w': {
@@ -9994,19 +10794,18 @@
       ** weekday N where 0==Sunday, 1==Monday, and so forth.  If the
       ** date is already on the appropriate weekday, this is a no-op.
       */
       if( strncmp(z, "weekday ", 8)==0 && getValue(&z[8],&r)>0
                  && (n=r)==r && n>=0 && r<7 ){
-        int Z;
+        sqlite3_int64 Z;
         computeYMD_HMS(p);
         p->validTZ = 0;
         p->validJD = 0;
         computeJD(p);
-        Z = p->rJD + 1.5;
-        Z %= 7;
+        Z = ((p->iJD + 129600000)/86400000) % 7;
         if( Z>n ) Z -= 7;
-        p->rJD += n - Z;
+        p->iJD += (n - Z)*86400000;
         clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
         rc = 0;
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -10058,22 +10857,22 @@
         ** to the time.  The ".FFF" may be omitted.  The ":SS.FFF" may be
         ** omitted.
         */
         const char *z2 = z;
         DateTime tx;
-        int day;
+        sqlite3_int64 day;
         if( !isdigit(*(u8*)z2) ) z2++;
         memset(&tx, 0, sizeof(tx));
         if( parseHhMmSs(z2, &tx) ) break;
         computeJD(&tx);
-        tx.rJD -= 0.5;
-        day = (int)tx.rJD;
-        tx.rJD -= day;
-        if( z[0]=='-' ) tx.rJD = -tx.rJD;
+        tx.iJD -= 43200000;
+        day = tx.iJD/86400000;
+        tx.iJD -= day*86400000;
+        if( z[0]=='-' ) tx.iJD = -tx.iJD;
         computeJD(p);
         clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
-        p->rJD += tx.rJD;
+        p->iJD += tx.iJD;
         rc = 0;
         break;
       }
       z += n;
       while( isspace(*(u8*)z) ) z++;
@@ -10081,17 +10880,17 @@
       if( n>10 || n<3 ) break;
       if( z[n-1]=='s' ){ z[n-1] = 0; n--; }
       computeJD(p);
       rc = 0;
       if( n==3 && strcmp(z,"day")==0 ){
-        p->rJD += r;
+        p->iJD += r*86400000.0 + 0.5;
       }else if( n==4 && strcmp(z,"hour")==0 ){
-        p->rJD += r/24.0;
+        p->iJD += r*(86400000.0/24.0) + 0.5;
       }else if( n==6 && strcmp(z,"minute")==0 ){
-        p->rJD += r/(24.0*60.0);
+        p->iJD += r*(86400000.0/(24.0*60.0)) + 0.5;
       }else if( n==6 && strcmp(z,"second")==0 ){
-        p->rJD += r/(24.0*60.0*60.0);
+        p->iJD += r*(86400000.0/(24.0*60.0*60.0)) + 0.5;
       }else if( n==5 && strcmp(z,"month")==0 ){
         int x, y;
         computeYMD_HMS(p);
         p->M += r;
         x = p->M>0 ? (p->M-1)/12 : (p->M-12)/12;
@@ -10099,11 +10898,11 @@
         p->M -= x*12;
         p->validJD = 0;
         computeJD(p);
         y = r;
         if( y!=r ){
-          p->rJD += (r - y)*30.0;
+          p->iJD += (r - y)*30.0*86400000.0 + 0.5;
         }
       }else if( n==4 && strcmp(z,"year")==0 ){
         computeYMD_HMS(p);
         p->Y += r;
         p->validJD = 0;
@@ -10136,18 +10935,23 @@
   sqlite3_value **argv,
   DateTime *p
 ){
   int i;
   const unsigned char *z;
-  static const unsigned char zDflt[] = "now";
+  int eType;
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
   if( argc==0 ){
-    z = zDflt;
+    setDateTimeToCurrent(context, p);
+  }else if( (eType = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]))==SQLITE_FLOAT
+                   || eType==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
+    p->iJD = sqlite3_value_double(argv[0])*86400000.0 + 0.5;
+    p->validJD = 1;
   }else{
     z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  }
-  if( !z || parseDateOrTime(context, (char*)z, p) ){
-    return 1;
+    if( !z || parseDateOrTime(context, (char*)z, p) ){
+      return 1;
+    }
   }
   for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
     if( (z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]))==0 || parseModifier((char*)z, p) ){
       return 1;
     }
@@ -10172,11 +10976,11 @@
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
   DateTime x;
   if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
     computeJD(&x);
-    sqlite3_result_double(context, x.rJD);
+    sqlite3_result_double(context, x.iJD/86400000.0);
   }
 }
 
 /*
 **    datetime( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
@@ -10304,11 +11108,11 @@
     z = zBuf;
   }else if( n>sqlite3_context_db_handle(context)->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
     sqlite3_result_error_toobig(context);
     return;
   }else{
-    z = sqlite3_malloc( n );
+    z = sqlite3Malloc( n );
     if( z==0 ){
       sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
       return;
     }
   }
@@ -10335,37 +11139,37 @@
           DateTime y = x;
           y.validJD = 0;
           y.M = 1;
           y.D = 1;
           computeJD(&y);
-          nDay = x.rJD - y.rJD + 0.5;
+          nDay = (x.iJD - y.iJD)/86400000.0 + 0.5;
           if( zFmt[i]=='W' ){
             int wd;   /* 0=Monday, 1=Tuesday, ... 6=Sunday */
-            wd = ((int)(x.rJD+0.5)) % 7;
+            wd = ((x.iJD+43200000)/86400000) % 7;
             sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",(nDay+7-wd)/7);
             j += 2;
           }else{
             sqlite3_snprintf(4, &z[j],"%03d",nDay+1);
             j += 3;
           }
           break;
         }
         case 'J': {
-          sqlite3_snprintf(20, &z[j],"%.16g",x.rJD);
+          sqlite3_snprintf(20, &z[j],"%.16g",x.iJD/86400000.0);
           j+=strlen(&z[j]);
           break;
         }
         case 'm':  sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",x.M); j+=2; break;
         case 'M':  sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",x.m); j+=2; break;
         case 's': {
           sqlite3_snprintf(30,&z[j],"%d",
-                           (int)((x.rJD-2440587.5)*86400.0 + 0.5));
+                           (int)(x.iJD/1000.0 - 210866760000.0));
           j += strlen(&z[j]);
           break;
         }
         case 'S':  sqlite3_snprintf(3,&z[j],"%02d",(int)x.s); j+=2; break;
-        case 'w':  z[j++] = (((int)(x.rJD+1.5)) % 7) + '0'; break;
+        case 'w':  z[j++] = (((x.iJD+129600000)/86400000) % 7) + '0'; break;
         case 'Y':  sqlite3_snprintf(5,&z[j],"%04d",x.Y); j+=strlen(&z[j]);break;
         default:   z[j++] = '%'; break;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -10447,14 +11251,14 @@
     strftime(zBuf, 20, zFormat, &sNow);
   }
 #else
   {
     struct tm *pTm;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
     pTm = gmtime(&t);
     strftime(zBuf, 20, zFormat, pTm);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
   }
 #endif
 
   sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
 }
@@ -10519,10 +11323,12 @@
 **
 ******************************************************************************
 **
 ** This file contains OS interface code that is common to all
 ** architectures.
+**
+** $Id: os.c,v 1.119 2008/06/26 18:16:06 drh Exp $
 */
 #define _SQLITE_OS_C_ 1
 #undef _SQLITE_OS_C_
 
 /*
@@ -10540,13 +11346,13 @@
 **     sqlite3OsWrite()
 **     sqlite3OsSync()
 **     sqlite3OsLock()
 **
 */
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) && (OS_WIN==0)
+#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) && (SQLITE_OS_WIN==0)
   #define DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST if (1) {            \
-    void *pTstAlloc = sqlite3_malloc(10);       \
+    void *pTstAlloc = sqlite3Malloc(10);       \
     if (!pTstAlloc) return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;  \
     sqlite3_free(pTstAlloc);                    \
   }
 #else
   #define DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST
@@ -10580,24 +11386,26 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSync(sqlite3_file *id, int flags){
   DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST;
   return id->pMethods->xSync(id, flags);
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileSize(sqlite3_file *id, i64 *pSize){
+  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST;
   return id->pMethods->xFileSize(id, pSize);
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsLock(sqlite3_file *id, int lockType){
   DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST;
   return id->pMethods->xLock(id, lockType);
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int lockType){
   return id->pMethods->xUnlock(id, lockType);
 }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id){
-  return id->pMethods->xCheckReservedLock(id);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
+  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST;
+  return id->pMethods->xCheckReservedLock(id, pResOut);
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
-  return id->pMethods->xFileControl(id,op,pArg);
+  return id->pMethods->xFileControl(id, op, pArg);
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSectorSize(sqlite3_file *id){
   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*) = id->pMethods->xSectorSize;
   return (xSectorSize ? xSectorSize(id) : SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE);
 }
@@ -10620,31 +11428,28 @@
   return pVfs->xOpen(pVfs, zPath, pFile, flags, pFlagsOut);
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDelete(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath, int dirSync){
   return pVfs->xDelete(pVfs, zPath, dirSync);
 }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsAccess(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath, int flags){
-  int rc;
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  void *pTstAlloc = sqlite3_malloc(10);
-  if (!pTstAlloc) return -1;
-  sqlite3_free(pTstAlloc);
-#endif
-  rc = pVfs->xAccess(pVfs, zPath, flags);
-  return rc;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsGetTempname(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBufOut, char *zBufOut){
-  return pVfs->xGetTempname(pVfs, nBufOut, zBufOut);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsAccess(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  const char *zPath,
+  int flags,
+  int *pResOut
+){
+  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST;
+  return pVfs->xAccess(pVfs, zPath, flags, pResOut);
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFullPathname(
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
   const char *zPath,
   int nPathOut,
   char *zPathOut
 ){
   return pVfs->xFullPathname(pVfs, zPath, nPathOut, zPathOut);
 }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3OsDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath){
   return pVfs->xDlOpen(pVfs, zPath);
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsDlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){
   pVfs->xDlError(pVfs, nByte, zBufOut);
@@ -10653,10 +11458,11 @@
   return pVfs->xDlSym(pVfs, pHandle, zSymbol);
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle){
   pVfs->xDlClose(pVfs, pHandle);
 }
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){
   return pVfs->xRandomness(pVfs, nByte, zBufOut);
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSleep(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nMicro){
   return pVfs->xSleep(pVfs, nMicro);
@@ -10672,11 +11478,11 @@
   int flags,
   int *pOutFlags
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
   sqlite3_file *pFile;
-  pFile = (sqlite3_file *)sqlite3_malloc(pVfs->szOsFile);
+  pFile = (sqlite3_file *)sqlite3Malloc(pVfs->szOsFile);
   if( pFile ){
     rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, zFile, pFile, flags, pOutFlags);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3_free(pFile);
     }else{
@@ -10692,31 +11498,31 @@
   sqlite3_free(pFile);
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
-** The list of all registered VFS implementations.  This list is
-** initialized to the single VFS returned by sqlite3OsDefaultVfs()
-** upon the first call to sqlite3_vfs_find().
+** The list of all registered VFS implementations.
 */
 static sqlite3_vfs *vfsList = 0;
 
 /*
 ** Locate a VFS by name.  If no name is given, simply return the
 ** first VFS on the list.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfs){
-#ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-#endif
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = 0;
-  static int isInit = 0;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
-  if( !isInit ){
-    vfsList = sqlite3OsDefaultVfs();
-    isInit = 1;
-  }
+#ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
+  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  int rc = sqlite3_initialize();
+  if( rc ) return 0;
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
+  mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+#endif
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
   for(pVfs = vfsList; pVfs; pVfs=pVfs->pNext){
     if( zVfs==0 ) break;
     if( strcmp(zVfs, pVfs->zName)==0 ) break;
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
@@ -10725,11 +11531,11 @@
 
 /*
 ** Unlink a VFS from the linked list
 */
 static void vfsUnlink(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER)) );
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER)) );
   if( pVfs==0 ){
     /* No-op */
   }else if( vfsList==pVfs ){
     vfsList = pVfs->pNext;
   }else if( vfsList ){
@@ -10747,14 +11553,16 @@
 ** Register a VFS with the system.  It is harmless to register the same
 ** VFS multiple times.  The new VFS becomes the default if makeDflt is
 ** true.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int makeDflt){
-#ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-#endif
-  sqlite3_vfs_find(0);  /* Make sure we are initialized */
+  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = 0;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  int rc = sqlite3_initialize();
+  if( rc ) return rc;
+#endif
+  mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
   vfsUnlink(pVfs);
   if( makeDflt || vfsList==0 ){
     pVfs->pNext = vfsList;
     vfsList = pVfs;
@@ -10770,25 +11578,17 @@
 /*
 ** Unregister a VFS so that it is no longer accessible.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs){
 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
 #endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
   vfsUnlink(pVfs);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
-
-/*
-** Provide a default sqlite3OsDefaultVfs() implementation in the
-** cases where none of the standard backends are used.
-*/
-#if !OS_UNIX && !OS_WIN && !OS_OS2
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3OsDefaultVfs(void){ return 0; }
-#endif
 
 /************** End of os.c **************************************************/
 /************** Begin file fault.c *******************************************/
 /*
 ** 2008 Jan 22
@@ -10799,163 +11599,69 @@
 **    May you do good and not evil.
 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
-** This file contains code to implement a fault-injector used for
-** testing and verification of SQLite.
-**
-** Subsystems within SQLite can call sqlite3FaultStep() to see if
-** they should simulate a fault.  sqlite3FaultStep() normally returns
-** zero but will return non-zero if a fault should be simulated.
-** Fault injectors can be used, for example, to simulate memory
-** allocation failures or I/O errors.
-**
-** The fault injector is omitted from the code if SQLite is
-** compiled with -DSQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST=1.  There is a very
-** small performance hit for leaving the fault injector in the code.
-** Commerical products will probably want to omit the fault injector
-** from production builds.  But safety-critical systems who work
-** under the motto "fly what you test and test what you fly" may
-** choose to leave the fault injector enabled even in production.
-*/
+**
+** $Id: fault.c,v 1.10 2008/06/22 12:37:58 drh Exp $
+*/
+
+/*
+** This file contains code to support the concept of "benign"
+** malloc failures (when the xMalloc() or xRealloc() method of the
+** sqlite3_mem_methods structure fails to allocate a block of memory
+** and returns 0).
+**
+** Most malloc failures are non-benign. After they occur, SQLite
+** abandons the current operation and returns an error code (usually
+** SQLITE_NOMEM) to the user. However, sometimes a fault is not necessarily
+** fatal. For example, if a malloc fails while resizing a hash table, this
+** is completely recoverable simply by not carrying out the resize. The
+** hash table will continue to function normally.  So a malloc failure
+** during a hash table resize is a benign fault.
+*/
+
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
 
 /*
-** There can be various kinds of faults.  For example, there can be
-** a memory allocation failure.  Or an I/O failure.  For each different
-** fault type, there is a separate FaultInjector structure to keep track
-** of the status of that fault.
-*/
-static struct FaultInjector {
-  int iCountdown;   /* Number of pending successes before we hit a failure */
-  int nRepeat;      /* Number of times to repeat the failure */
-  int nBenign;      /* Number of benign failures seen since last config */
-  int nFail;        /* Number of failures seen since last config */
-  u8 enable;        /* True if enabled */
-  i16 benign;       /* Positive if next failure will be benign */
-} aFault[SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT];
-
-/*
-** This routine configures and enables a fault injector.  After
-** calling this routine, aFaultStep() will return false (zero)
-** nDelay times, then it will return true nRepeat times,
-** then it will again begin returning false.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FaultConfig(int id, int nDelay, int nRepeat){
-  assert( id>=0 && id<SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT );
-  aFault[id].iCountdown = nDelay;
-  aFault[id].nRepeat = nRepeat;
-  aFault[id].nBenign = 0;
-  aFault[id].nFail = 0;
-  aFault[id].enable = nDelay>=0;
-  aFault[id].benign = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of faults (both hard and benign faults) that have
-** occurred since the injector was last configured.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FaultFailures(int id){
-  assert( id>=0 && id<SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT );
-  return aFault[id].nFail;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of benign faults that have occurred since the
-** injector was last configured.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FaultBenignFailures(int id){
-  assert( id>=0 && id<SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT );
-  return aFault[id].nBenign;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of successes that will occur before the next failure.
-** If no failures are scheduled, return -1.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FaultPending(int id){
-  assert( id>=0 && id<SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT );
-  if( aFault[id].enable ){
-    return aFault[id].iCountdown;
-  }else{
-    return -1;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** After this routine causes subsequent faults to be either benign
-** or hard (not benign), according to the "enable" parameter.
-**
-** Most faults are hard.  In other words, most faults cause
-** an error to be propagated back up to the application interface.
-** However, sometimes a fault is easily recoverable.  For example,
-** if a malloc fails while resizing a hash table, this is completely
-** recoverable simply by not carrying out the resize.  The hash table
-** will continue to function normally.  So a malloc failure during
-** a hash table resize is a benign fault.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FaultBeginBenign(int id){
-  if( id<0 ){
-    for(id=0; id<SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT; id++){
-      aFault[id].benign++;
-    }
-  }else{
-    assert( id>=0 && id<SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT );
-    aFault[id].benign++;
-  }
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FaultEndBenign(int id){
-  if( id<0 ){
-    for(id=0; id<SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT; id++){
-      assert( aFault[id].benign>0 );
-      aFault[id].benign--;
-    }
-  }else{
-    assert( id>=0 && id<SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT );
-    assert( aFault[id].benign>0 );
-    aFault[id].benign--;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This routine exists as a place to set a breakpoint that will
-** fire on any simulated fault.
-*/
-static void sqlite3Fault(void){
-  static int cnt = 0;
-  cnt++;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Check to see if a fault should be simulated.  Return true to simulate
-** the fault.  Return false if the fault should not be simulated.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FaultStep(int id){
-  assert( id>=0 && id<SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT );
-  if( likely(!aFault[id].enable) ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if( aFault[id].iCountdown>0 ){
-    aFault[id].iCountdown--;
-    return 0;
-  }
-  sqlite3Fault();
-  aFault[id].nFail++;
-  if( aFault[id].benign>0 ){
-    aFault[id].nBenign++;
-  }
-  aFault[id].nRepeat--;
-  if( aFault[id].nRepeat<=0 ){
-    aFault[id].enable = 0;
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST */
+** Global variables.
+*/
+static struct BenignMallocHooks {
+  void (*xBenignBegin)(void);
+  void (*xBenignEnd)(void);
+} hooks;
+
+/*
+** Register hooks to call when sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc() and
+** sqlite3EndBenignMalloc() are called, respectively.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(
+  void (*xBenignBegin)(void),
+  void (*xBenignEnd)(void)
+){
+  hooks.xBenignBegin = xBenignBegin;
+  hooks.xBenignEnd = xBenignEnd;
+}
+
+/*
+** This (sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()) is called by SQLite code to indicate that
+** subsequent malloc failures are benign. A call to sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
+** indicates that subsequent malloc failures are non-benign.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void){
+  if( hooks.xBenignBegin ){
+    hooks.xBenignBegin();
+  }
+}
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void){
+  if( hooks.xBenignEnd ){
+    hooks.xBenignEnd();
+  }
+}
+
+#endif   /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST */
 
 /************** End of fault.c ***********************************************/
 /************** Begin file mem1.c ********************************************/
 /*
 ** 2007 August 14
@@ -10966,14 +11672,19 @@
 **    May you do good and not evil.
 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
-** This file contains the C functions that implement a memory
-** allocation subsystem for use by SQLite.
-**
-** $Id: mem1.c,v 1.17 2008/03/18 00:07:11 drh Exp $
+**
+** This file contains low-level memory allocation drivers for when
+** SQLite will use the standard C-library malloc/realloc/free interface
+** to obtain the memory it needs.
+**
+** This file contains implementations of the low-level memory allocation
+** routines specified in the sqlite3_mem_methods object.
+**
+** $Id: mem1.c,v 1.23 2008/06/23 15:10:25 danielk1977 Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** This version of the memory allocator is the default.  It is
 ** used when no other memory allocator is specified using compile-time
@@ -10980,216 +11691,119 @@
 ** macros.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC
 
 /*
-** All of the static variables used by this module are collected
-** into a single structure named "mem".  This is to keep the
-** static variables organized and to reduce namespace pollution
-** when this module is combined with other in the amalgamation.
-*/
-static struct {
-  /*
-  ** The alarm callback and its arguments.  The mem.mutex lock will
-  ** be held while the callback is running.  Recursive calls into
-  ** the memory subsystem are allowed, but no new callbacks will be
-  ** issued.  The alarmBusy variable is set to prevent recursive
-  ** callbacks.
-  */
-  sqlite3_int64 alarmThreshold;
-  void (*alarmCallback)(void*, sqlite3_int64,int);
-  void *alarmArg;
-  int alarmBusy;
-
-  /*
-  ** Mutex to control access to the memory allocation subsystem.
-  */
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
-
-  /*
-  ** Current allocation and high-water mark.
-  */
-  sqlite3_int64 nowUsed;
-  sqlite3_int64 mxUsed;
-
-
-} mem;
-
-/*
-** Enter the mutex mem.mutex. Allocate it if it is not already allocated.
-*/
-static void enterMem(void){
-  if( mem.mutex==0 ){
-    mem.mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the amount of memory currently checked out.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void){
-  sqlite3_int64 n;
-  enterMem();
-  n = mem.nowUsed;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the maximum amount of memory that has ever been
-** checked out since either the beginning of this process
-** or since the most recent reset.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag){
-  sqlite3_int64 n;
-  enterMem();
-  n = mem.mxUsed;
-  if( resetFlag ){
-    mem.mxUsed = mem.nowUsed;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the alarm callback
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_memory_alarm(
-  void(*xCallback)(void *pArg, sqlite3_int64 used,int N),
-  void *pArg,
-  sqlite3_int64 iThreshold
-){
-  enterMem();
-  mem.alarmCallback = xCallback;
-  mem.alarmArg = pArg;
-  mem.alarmThreshold = iThreshold;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Trigger the alarm
-*/
-static void sqlite3MemsysAlarm(int nByte){
-  void (*xCallback)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int);
-  sqlite3_int64 nowUsed;
-  void *pArg;
-  if( mem.alarmCallback==0 || mem.alarmBusy  ) return;
-  mem.alarmBusy = 1;
-  xCallback = mem.alarmCallback;
-  nowUsed = mem.nowUsed;
-  pArg = mem.alarmArg;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  xCallback(pArg, nowUsed, nByte);
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  mem.alarmBusy = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate nBytes of memory
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int nBytes){
-  sqlite3_int64 *p = 0;
-  if( nBytes>0 ){
-    enterMem();
-    if( mem.alarmCallback!=0 && mem.nowUsed+nBytes>=mem.alarmThreshold ){
-      sqlite3MemsysAlarm(nBytes);
-    }
-    if( sqlite3FaultStep(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC) ){
-      p = 0;
-    }else{
-      p = malloc(nBytes+8);
-      if( p==0 ){
-        sqlite3MemsysAlarm(nBytes);
-        p = malloc(nBytes+8);
-      }
-    }
-    if( p ){
-      p[0] = nBytes;
-      p++;
-      mem.nowUsed += nBytes;
-      if( mem.nowUsed>mem.mxUsed ){
-        mem.mxUsed = mem.nowUsed;
-      }
-    }
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
+** Like malloc(), but remember the size of the allocation
+** so that we can find it later using sqlite3MemSize().
+**
+** For this low-level routine, we are guaranteed that nByte>0 because
+** cases of nByte<=0 will be intercepted and dealt with by higher level
+** routines.
+*/
+static void *sqlite3MemMalloc(int nByte){
+  sqlite3_int64 *p;
+  assert( nByte>0 );
+  nByte = (nByte+7)&~7;
+  p = malloc( nByte+8 );
+  if( p ){
+    p[0] = nByte;
+    p++;
+  }
+  return (void *)p;
+}
+
+/*
+** Like free() but works for allocations obtained from sqlite3MemMalloc()
+** or sqlite3MemRealloc().
+**
+** For this low-level routine, we already know that pPrior!=0 since
+** cases where pPrior==0 will have been intecepted and dealt with
+** by higher-level routines.
+*/
+static void sqlite3MemFree(void *pPrior){
+  sqlite3_int64 *p = (sqlite3_int64*)pPrior;
+  assert( pPrior!=0 );
+  p--;
+  free(p);
+}
+
+/*
+** Like realloc().  Resize an allocation previously obtained from
+** sqlite3MemMalloc().
+**
+** For this low-level interface, we know that pPrior!=0.  Cases where
+** pPrior==0 while have been intercepted by higher-level routine and
+** redirected to xMalloc.  Similarly, we know that nByte>0 becauses
+** cases where nByte<=0 will have been intercepted by higher-level
+** routines and redirected to xFree.
+*/
+static void *sqlite3MemRealloc(void *pPrior, int nByte){
+  sqlite3_int64 *p = (sqlite3_int64*)pPrior;
+  assert( pPrior!=0 && nByte>0 );
+  nByte = (nByte+7)&~7;
+  p = (sqlite3_int64*)pPrior;
+  p--;
+  p = realloc(p, nByte+8 );
+  if( p ){
+    p[0] = nByte;
+    p++;
   }
   return (void*)p;
 }
 
 /*
-** Free memory.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void *pPrior){
+** Report the allocated size of a prior return from xMalloc()
+** or xRealloc().
+*/
+static int sqlite3MemSize(void *pPrior){
   sqlite3_int64 *p;
-  int nByte;
-  if( pPrior==0 ){
-    return;
-  }
-  assert( mem.mutex!=0 );
-  p = pPrior;
+  if( pPrior==0 ) return 0;
+  p = (sqlite3_int64*)pPrior;
   p--;
-  nByte = (int)*p;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  mem.nowUsed -= nByte;
-  free(p);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the number of bytes allocated at p.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocSize(void *p){
-  sqlite3_int64 *pInt;
-  if( !p ) return 0;
-  pInt = p;
-  return pInt[-1];
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the size of an existing memory allocation
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void *pPrior, int nBytes){
-  int nOld;
-  sqlite3_int64 *p;
-  if( pPrior==0 ){
-    return sqlite3_malloc(nBytes);
-  }
-  if( nBytes<=0 ){
-    sqlite3_free(pPrior);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  p = pPrior;
-  p--;
-  nOld = (int)p[0];
-  assert( mem.mutex!=0 );
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  if( mem.nowUsed+nBytes-nOld>=mem.alarmThreshold ){
-    sqlite3MemsysAlarm(nBytes-nOld);
-  }
-  if( sqlite3FaultStep(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC) ){
-    p = 0;
-  }else{
-    p = realloc(p, nBytes+8);
-    if( p==0 ){
-      sqlite3MemsysAlarm(nBytes);
-      p = pPrior;
-      p--;
-      p = realloc(p, nBytes+8);
-    }
-  }
-  if( p ){
-    p[0] = nBytes;
-    p++;
-    mem.nowUsed += nBytes-nOld;
-    if( mem.nowUsed>mem.mxUsed ){
-      mem.mxUsed = mem.nowUsed;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return (void*)p;
+  return p[0];
+}
+
+/*
+** Round up a request size to the next valid allocation size.
+*/
+static int sqlite3MemRoundup(int n){
+  return (n+7) & ~7;
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize this module.
+*/
+static int sqlite3MemInit(void *NotUsed){
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Deinitialize this module.
+*/
+static void sqlite3MemShutdown(void *NotUsed){
+  return;
+}
+
+/*
+** This routine is the only routine in this file with external linkage.
+**
+** Populate the low-level memory allocation function pointers in
+** sqlite3Config.m with pointers to the routines in this file.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void){
+  static const sqlite3_mem_methods defaultMethods = {
+     sqlite3MemMalloc,
+     sqlite3MemFree,
+     sqlite3MemRealloc,
+     sqlite3MemSize,
+     sqlite3MemRoundup,
+     sqlite3MemInit,
+     sqlite3MemShutdown,
+     0
+  };
+  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC, &defaultMethods);
 }
 
 #endif /* SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC */
 
 /************** End of mem1.c ************************************************/
@@ -11203,14 +11817,21 @@
 **    May you do good and not evil.
 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
-** This file contains the C functions that implement a memory
-** allocation subsystem for use by SQLite.
-**
-** $Id: mem2.c,v 1.26 2008/04/10 14:57:25 drh Exp $
+**
+** This file contains low-level memory allocation drivers for when
+** SQLite will use the standard C-library malloc/realloc/free interface
+** to obtain the memory it needs while adding lots of additional debugging
+** information to each allocation in order to help detect and fix memory
+** leaks and memory usage errors.
+**
+** This file contains implementations of the low-level memory allocation
+** routines specified in the sqlite3_mem_methods object.
+**
+** $Id: mem2.c,v 1.34 2008/07/10 18:13:42 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** This version of the memory allocator is used only if the
 ** SQLITE_MEMDEBUG macro is defined
@@ -11266,32 +11887,15 @@
 ** into a single structure named "mem".  This is to keep the
 ** static variables organized and to reduce namespace pollution
 ** when this module is combined with other in the amalgamation.
 */
 static struct {
-  /*
-  ** The alarm callback and its arguments.  The mem.mutex lock will
-  ** be held while the callback is running.  Recursive calls into
-  ** the memory subsystem are allowed, but no new callbacks will be
-  ** issued.  The alarmBusy variable is set to prevent recursive
-  ** callbacks.
-  */
-  sqlite3_int64 alarmThreshold;
-  void (*alarmCallback)(void*, sqlite3_int64, int);
-  void *alarmArg;
-  int alarmBusy;
 
   /*
   ** Mutex to control access to the memory allocation subsystem.
   */
   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
-
-  /*
-  ** Current allocation and high-water mark.
-  */
-  sqlite3_int64 nowUsed;
-  sqlite3_int64 mxUsed;
 
   /*
   ** Head and tail of a linked list of all outstanding allocations
   */
   struct MemBlockHdr *pFirst;
@@ -11323,82 +11927,10 @@
   */
   int sizeCnt[NCSIZE];
 
 } mem;
 
-
-/*
-** Enter the mutex mem.mutex. Allocate it if it is not already allocated.
-*/
-static void enterMem(void){
-  if( mem.mutex==0 ){
-    mem.mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the amount of memory currently checked out.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void){
-  sqlite3_int64 n;
-  enterMem();
-  n = mem.nowUsed;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the maximum amount of memory that has ever been
-** checked out since either the beginning of this process
-** or since the most recent reset.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag){
-  sqlite3_int64 n;
-  enterMem();
-  n = mem.mxUsed;
-  if( resetFlag ){
-    mem.mxUsed = mem.nowUsed;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the alarm callback
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_memory_alarm(
-  void(*xCallback)(void *pArg, sqlite3_int64 used, int N),
-  void *pArg,
-  sqlite3_int64 iThreshold
-){
-  enterMem();
-  mem.alarmCallback = xCallback;
-  mem.alarmArg = pArg;
-  mem.alarmThreshold = iThreshold;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Trigger the alarm
-*/
-static void sqlite3MemsysAlarm(int nByte){
-  void (*xCallback)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int);
-  sqlite3_int64 nowUsed;
-  void *pArg;
-  if( mem.alarmCallback==0 || mem.alarmBusy  ) return;
-  mem.alarmBusy = 1;
-  xCallback = mem.alarmCallback;
-  nowUsed = mem.nowUsed;
-  pArg = mem.alarmArg;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  xCallback(pArg, nowUsed, nByte);
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  mem.alarmBusy = 0;
-}
-
 /*
 ** Given an allocation, find the MemBlockHdr for that allocation.
 **
 ** This routine checks the guards at either end of the allocation and
 ** if they are incorrect it asserts.
@@ -11423,113 +11955,117 @@
 }
 
 /*
 ** Return the number of bytes currently allocated at address p.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocSize(void *p){
+static int sqlite3MemSize(void *p){
   struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
   if( !p ){
     return 0;
   }
   pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(p);
   return pHdr->iSize;
 }
 
 /*
+** Initialize the memory allocation subsystem.
+*/
+static int sqlite3MemInit(void *NotUsed){
+  if( !sqlite3Config.bMemstat ){
+    /* If memory status is enabled, then the malloc.c wrapper will already
+    ** hold the STATIC_MEM mutex when the routines here are invoked. */
+    mem.mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Deinitialize the memory allocation subsystem.
+*/
+static void sqlite3MemShutdown(void *NotUsed){
+  mem.mutex = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Round up a request size to the next valid allocation size.
+*/
+static int sqlite3MemRoundup(int n){
+  return (n+7) & ~7;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Allocate nByte bytes of memory.
 */
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int nByte){
+static void *sqlite3MemMalloc(int nByte){
   struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
   void **pBt;
   char *z;
   int *pInt;
   void *p = 0;
   int totalSize;
-
-  if( nByte>0 ){
-    int nReserve;
-    enterMem();
-    assert( mem.disallow==0 );
-    if( mem.alarmCallback!=0 && mem.nowUsed+nByte>=mem.alarmThreshold ){
-      sqlite3MemsysAlarm(nByte);
-    }
-    nReserve = (nByte+7)&~7;
-    if( nReserve/8>NCSIZE-1 ){
-      mem.sizeCnt[NCSIZE-1]++;
-    }else{
-      mem.sizeCnt[nReserve/8]++;
-    }
-    totalSize = nReserve + sizeof(*pHdr) + sizeof(int) +
-                 mem.nBacktrace*sizeof(void*) + mem.nTitle;
-    if( sqlite3FaultStep(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC) ){
-      p = 0;
-    }else{
-      p = malloc(totalSize);
-      if( p==0 ){
-        sqlite3MemsysAlarm(nByte);
-        p = malloc(totalSize);
-      }
-    }
-    if( p ){
-      z = p;
-      pBt = (void**)&z[mem.nTitle];
-      pHdr = (struct MemBlockHdr*)&pBt[mem.nBacktrace];
-      pHdr->pNext = 0;
-      pHdr->pPrev = mem.pLast;
-      if( mem.pLast ){
-        mem.pLast->pNext = pHdr;
-      }else{
-        mem.pFirst = pHdr;
-      }
-      mem.pLast = pHdr;
-      pHdr->iForeGuard = FOREGUARD;
-      pHdr->nBacktraceSlots = mem.nBacktrace;
-      pHdr->nTitle = mem.nTitle;
-      if( mem.nBacktrace ){
-        void *aAddr[40];
-        pHdr->nBacktrace = backtrace(aAddr, mem.nBacktrace+1)-1;
-        memcpy(pBt, &aAddr[1], pHdr->nBacktrace*sizeof(void*));
-	if( mem.xBacktrace ){
-          mem.xBacktrace(nByte, pHdr->nBacktrace-1, &aAddr[1]);
-	}
-      }else{
-        pHdr->nBacktrace = 0;
-      }
-      if( mem.nTitle ){
-        memcpy(z, mem.zTitle, mem.nTitle);
-      }
-      pHdr->iSize = nByte;
-      pInt = (int*)&pHdr[1];
-      pInt[nReserve/sizeof(int)] = REARGUARD;
-      memset(pInt, 0x65, nReserve);
-      mem.nowUsed += nByte;
-      if( mem.nowUsed>mem.mxUsed ){
-        mem.mxUsed = mem.nowUsed;
-      }
-      p = (void*)pInt;
-    }
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  }
+  int nReserve;
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
+  assert( mem.disallow==0 );
+  nReserve = (nByte+7)&~7;
+  if( nReserve/8>NCSIZE-1 ){
+    mem.sizeCnt[NCSIZE-1]++;
+  }else{
+    mem.sizeCnt[nReserve/8]++;
+  }
+  totalSize = nReserve + sizeof(*pHdr) + sizeof(int) +
+               mem.nBacktrace*sizeof(void*) + mem.nTitle;
+  p = malloc(totalSize);
+  if( p ){
+    z = p;
+    pBt = (void**)&z[mem.nTitle];
+    pHdr = (struct MemBlockHdr*)&pBt[mem.nBacktrace];
+    pHdr->pNext = 0;
+    pHdr->pPrev = mem.pLast;
+    if( mem.pLast ){
+      mem.pLast->pNext = pHdr;
+    }else{
+      mem.pFirst = pHdr;
+    }
+    mem.pLast = pHdr;
+    pHdr->iForeGuard = FOREGUARD;
+    pHdr->nBacktraceSlots = mem.nBacktrace;
+    pHdr->nTitle = mem.nTitle;
+    if( mem.nBacktrace ){
+      void *aAddr[40];
+      pHdr->nBacktrace = backtrace(aAddr, mem.nBacktrace+1)-1;
+      memcpy(pBt, &aAddr[1], pHdr->nBacktrace*sizeof(void*));
+      if( mem.xBacktrace ){
+        mem.xBacktrace(nByte, pHdr->nBacktrace-1, &aAddr[1]);
+      }
+    }else{
+      pHdr->nBacktrace = 0;
+    }
+    if( mem.nTitle ){
+      memcpy(z, mem.zTitle, mem.nTitle);
+    }
+    pHdr->iSize = nByte;
+    pInt = (int*)&pHdr[1];
+    pInt[nReserve/sizeof(int)] = REARGUARD;
+    memset(pInt, 0x65, nReserve);
+    p = (void*)pInt;
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
   return p;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Free memory.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void *pPrior){
+static void sqlite3MemFree(void *pPrior){
   struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
   void **pBt;
   char *z;
-  if( pPrior==0 ){
-    return;
-  }
-  assert( mem.mutex!=0 );
+  assert( sqlite3Config.bMemstat || mem.mutex!=0 );
   pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(pPrior);
   pBt = (void**)pHdr;
   pBt -= pHdr->nBacktraceSlots;
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  mem.nowUsed -= pHdr->iSize;
   if( pHdr->pPrev ){
     assert( pHdr->pPrev->pNext==pHdr );
     pHdr->pPrev->pNext = pHdr->pNext;
   }else{
     assert( mem.pFirst==pHdr );
@@ -11557,36 +12093,48 @@
 ** allocation into a new place in memory.  In this way, if the
 ** higher level code is using pointer to the old allocation, it is
 ** much more likely to break and we are much more liking to find
 ** the error.
 */
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void *pPrior, int nByte){
+static void *sqlite3MemRealloc(void *pPrior, int nByte){
   struct MemBlockHdr *pOldHdr;
   void *pNew;
-  if( pPrior==0 ){
-    return sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
-  }
-  if( nByte<=0 ){
-    sqlite3_free(pPrior);
-    return 0;
-  }
   assert( mem.disallow==0 );
   pOldHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(pPrior);
-  pNew = sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  pNew = sqlite3MemMalloc(nByte);
   if( pNew ){
     memcpy(pNew, pPrior, nByte<pOldHdr->iSize ? nByte : pOldHdr->iSize);
     if( nByte>pOldHdr->iSize ){
       memset(&((char*)pNew)[pOldHdr->iSize], 0x2b, nByte - pOldHdr->iSize);
     }
-    sqlite3_free(pPrior);
-  }
-  return pNew;
+    sqlite3MemFree(pPrior);
+  }
+  return pNew;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Populate the low-level memory allocation function pointers in
+** sqlite3Config.m with pointers to the routines in this file.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void){
+  static const sqlite3_mem_methods defaultMethods = {
+     sqlite3MemMalloc,
+     sqlite3MemFree,
+     sqlite3MemRealloc,
+     sqlite3MemSize,
+     sqlite3MemRoundup,
+     sqlite3MemInit,
+     sqlite3MemShutdown,
+     0
+  };
+  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC, &defaultMethods);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Set the number of backtrace levels kept for each allocation.
-** A value of zero turns of backtracing.  The number is always rounded
+** A value of zero turns off backtracing.  The number is always rounded
 ** up to a multiple of 2.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugBacktrace(int depth){
   if( depth<0 ){ depth = 0; }
   if( depth>20 ){ depth = 20; }
@@ -11601,11 +12149,11 @@
 /*
 ** Set the title string for subsequent allocations.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugSettitle(const char *zTitle){
   int n = strlen(zTitle) + 1;
-  enterMem();
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
   if( n>=sizeof(mem.zTitle) ) n = sizeof(mem.zTitle)-1;
   memcpy(mem.zTitle, zTitle, n);
   mem.zTitle[n] = 0;
   mem.nTitle = (n+7)&~7;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
@@ -11659,11 +12207,11 @@
   }
   fclose(out);
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the number of times sqlite3_malloc() has been called.
+** Return the number of times sqlite3MemMalloc() has been called.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdebugMallocCount(){
   int i;
   int nTotal = 0;
   for(i=0; i<NCSIZE; i++){
@@ -11690,25 +12238,31 @@
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains the C functions that implement a memory
 ** allocation subsystem for use by SQLite.
 **
 ** This version of the memory allocation subsystem omits all
-** use of malloc().  All dynamically allocatable memory is
-** contained in a static array, mem.aPool[].  The size of this
-** fixed memory pool is SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE bytes.
-**
-** This version of the memory allocation subsystem is used if
-** and only if SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE is defined.
-**
-** $Id: mem3.c,v 1.12 2008/02/19 15:15:16 drh Exp $
-*/
-
-/*
-** This version of the memory allocator is used only when
-** SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE is defined.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE
+** use of malloc(). The SQLite user supplies a block of memory
+** before calling sqlite3_initialize() from which allocations
+** are made and returned by the xMalloc() and xRealloc()
+** implementations. Once sqlite3_initialize() has been called,
+** the amount of memory available to SQLite is fixed and cannot
+** be changed.
+**
+** This version of the memory allocation subsystem is included
+** in the build only if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3 is defined.
+**
+** $Id: mem3.c,v 1.18 2008/06/27 14:05:25 danielk1977 Exp $
+*/
+
+/*
+** This version of the memory allocator is only built into the library
+** SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3 is defined. Defining this symbol does not
+** mean that the library will use a memory-pool by default, just that
+** it is available. The mempool allocator is activated by calling
+** sqlite3_config().
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
 
 /*
 ** Maximum size (in Mem3Blocks) of a "small" chunk.
 */
 #define MX_SMALL 10
@@ -11734,20 +12288,20 @@
 ** the previous chunk in blocks if the previous chunk is on the
 ** freelist. If the previous chunk is checked out, then
 ** u.hdr.prevSize can be part of the data for that chunk and should
 ** not be read or written.
 **
-** We often identify a chunk by its index in mem.aPool[].  When
+** We often identify a chunk by its index in mem3.aPool[].  When
 ** this is done, the chunk index refers to the second block of
 ** the chunk.  In this way, the first chunk has an index of 1.
 ** A chunk index of 0 means "no such chunk" and is the equivalent
 ** of a NULL pointer.
 **
 ** The second block of free chunks is of the form u.list.  The
 ** two fields form a double-linked list of chunks of related sizes.
-** Pointers to the head of the list are stored in mem.aiSmall[]
-** for smaller chunks and mem.aiHash[] for larger chunks.
+** Pointers to the head of the list are stored in mem3.aiSmall[]
+** for smaller chunks and mem3.aiHash[] for larger chunks.
 **
 ** The second block of a chunk is user data if the chunk is checked
 ** out.  If a chunk is checked out, the user data may extend into
 ** the u.hdr.prevSize value of the following chunk.
 */
@@ -11757,19 +12311,19 @@
     struct {
       u32 prevSize;   /* Size of previous chunk in Mem3Block elements */
       u32 size4x;     /* 4x the size of current chunk in Mem3Block elements */
     } hdr;
     struct {
-      u32 next;       /* Index in mem.aPool[] of next free chunk */
-      u32 prev;       /* Index in mem.aPool[] of previous free chunk */
+      u32 next;       /* Index in mem3.aPool[] of next free chunk */
+      u32 prev;       /* Index in mem3.aPool[] of previous free chunk */
     } list;
   } u;
 };
 
 /*
 ** All of the static variables used by this module are collected
-** into a single structure named "mem".  This is to keep the
+** into a single structure named "mem3".  This is to keep the
 ** static variables organized and to reduce namespace pollution
 ** when this module is combined with other in the amalgamation.
 */
 static struct {
   /*
@@ -11803,65 +12357,68 @@
   */
   u32 aiSmall[MX_SMALL-1];   /* For sizes 2 through MX_SMALL, inclusive */
   u32 aiHash[N_HASH];        /* For sizes MX_SMALL+1 and larger */
 
   /*
-  ** Memory available for allocation
-  */
-  Mem3Block aPool[SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/sizeof(Mem3Block)+2];
-} mem;
-
-/*
-** Unlink the chunk at mem.aPool[i] from list it is currently
+  ** Memory available for allocation. nPool is the size of the array
+  ** (in Mem3Blocks) pointed to by aPool less 2.
+  */
+  u32 nPool;
+  Mem3Block *aPool;
+  /* Mem3Block aPool[SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/sizeof(Mem3Block)+2]; */
+} mem3;
+
+/*
+** Unlink the chunk at mem3.aPool[i] from list it is currently
 ** on.  *pRoot is the list that i is a member of.
 */
 static void memsys3UnlinkFromList(u32 i, u32 *pRoot){
-  u32 next = mem.aPool[i].u.list.next;
-  u32 prev = mem.aPool[i].u.list.prev;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
+  u32 next = mem3.aPool[i].u.list.next;
+  u32 prev = mem3.aPool[i].u.list.prev;
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
   if( prev==0 ){
     *pRoot = next;
   }else{
-    mem.aPool[prev].u.list.next = next;
+    mem3.aPool[prev].u.list.next = next;
   }
   if( next ){
-    mem.aPool[next].u.list.prev = prev;
-  }
-  mem.aPool[i].u.list.next = 0;
-  mem.aPool[i].u.list.prev = 0;
+    mem3.aPool[next].u.list.prev = prev;
+  }
+  mem3.aPool[i].u.list.next = 0;
+  mem3.aPool[i].u.list.prev = 0;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Unlink the chunk at index i from
 ** whatever list is currently a member of.
 */
 static void memsys3Unlink(u32 i){
   u32 size, hash;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
-  assert( (mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x & 1)==0 );
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
+  assert( (mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x & 1)==0 );
   assert( i>=1 );
-  size = mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
-  assert( size==mem.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize );
+  size = mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
+  assert( size==mem3.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize );
   assert( size>=2 );
   if( size <= MX_SMALL ){
-    memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, &mem.aiSmall[size-2]);
+    memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, &mem3.aiSmall[size-2]);
   }else{
     hash = size % N_HASH;
-    memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, &mem.aiHash[hash]);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Link the chunk at mem.aPool[i] so that is on the list rooted
+    memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, &mem3.aiHash[hash]);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Link the chunk at mem3.aPool[i] so that is on the list rooted
 ** at *pRoot.
 */
 static void memsys3LinkIntoList(u32 i, u32 *pRoot){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
-  mem.aPool[i].u.list.next = *pRoot;
-  mem.aPool[i].u.list.prev = 0;
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
+  mem3.aPool[i].u.list.next = *pRoot;
+  mem3.aPool[i].u.list.prev = 0;
   if( *pRoot ){
-    mem.aPool[*pRoot].u.list.prev = i;
+    mem3.aPool[*pRoot].u.list.prev = i;
   }
   *pRoot = i;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -11868,259 +12425,201 @@
 ** Link the chunk at index i into either the appropriate
 ** small chunk list, or into the large chunk hash table.
 */
 static void memsys3Link(u32 i){
   u32 size, hash;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
   assert( i>=1 );
-  assert( (mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x & 1)==0 );
-  size = mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
-  assert( size==mem.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize );
+  assert( (mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x & 1)==0 );
+  size = mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
+  assert( size==mem3.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize );
   assert( size>=2 );
   if( size <= MX_SMALL ){
-    memsys3LinkIntoList(i, &mem.aiSmall[size-2]);
+    memsys3LinkIntoList(i, &mem3.aiSmall[size-2]);
   }else{
     hash = size % N_HASH;
-    memsys3LinkIntoList(i, &mem.aiHash[hash]);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Enter the mutex mem.mutex. Allocate it if it is not already allocated.
-**
-** Also:  Initialize the memory allocation subsystem the first time
-** this routine is called.
+    memsys3LinkIntoList(i, &mem3.aiHash[hash]);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** If the STATIC_MEM mutex is not already held, obtain it now. The mutex
+** will already be held (obtained by code in malloc.c) if
+** sqlite3Config.bMemStat is true.
 */
 static void memsys3Enter(void){
-  if( mem.mutex==0 ){
-    mem.mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
-    mem.aPool[0].u.hdr.size4x = SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/2 + 2;
-    mem.aPool[SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8].u.hdr.prevSize = SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8;
-    mem.aPool[SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8].u.hdr.size4x = 1;
-    mem.iMaster = 1;
-    mem.szMaster = SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8;
-    mem.mnMaster = mem.szMaster;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the amount of memory currently checked out.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void){
-  sqlite3_int64 n;
-  memsys3Enter();
-  n = SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE - mem.szMaster*8;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the maximum amount of memory that has ever been
-** checked out since either the beginning of this process
-** or since the most recent reset.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag){
-  sqlite3_int64 n;
-  memsys3Enter();
-  n = SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE - mem.mnMaster*8;
-  if( resetFlag ){
-    mem.mnMaster = mem.szMaster;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return n;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the alarm callback.
-**
-** This is a no-op for the static memory allocator.  The purpose
-** of the memory alarm is to support sqlite3_soft_heap_limit().
-** But with this memory allocator, the soft_heap_limit is really
-** a hard limit that is fixed at SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_memory_alarm(
-  void(*xCallback)(void *pArg, sqlite3_int64 used,int N),
-  void *pArg,
-  sqlite3_int64 iThreshold
-){
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  if( sqlite3Config.bMemstat==0 && mem3.mutex==0 ){
+    mem3.mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem3.mutex);
+}
+static void memsys3Leave(void){
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem3.mutex);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Called when we are unable to satisfy an allocation of nBytes.
 */
 static void memsys3OutOfMemory(int nByte){
-  if( !mem.alarmBusy ){
-    mem.alarmBusy = 1;
-    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
+  if( !mem3.alarmBusy ){
+    mem3.alarmBusy = 1;
+    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem3.mutex);
     sqlite3_release_memory(nByte);
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-    mem.alarmBusy = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the size of an outstanding allocation, in bytes.  The
-** size returned omits the 8-byte header overhead.  This only
-** works for chunks that are currently checked out.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocSize(void *p){
-  int iSize = 0;
-  if( p ){
-    Mem3Block *pBlock = (Mem3Block*)p;
-    assert( (pBlock[-1].u.hdr.size4x&1)!=0 );
-    iSize = (pBlock[-1].u.hdr.size4x&~3)*2 - 4;
-  }
-  return iSize;
-}
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem3.mutex);
+    mem3.alarmBusy = 0;
+  }
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** Chunk i is a free chunk that has been unlinked.  Adjust its
 ** size parameters for check-out and return a pointer to the
 ** user portion of the chunk.
 */
 static void *memsys3Checkout(u32 i, int nBlock){
   u32 x;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
   assert( i>=1 );
-  assert( mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4==nBlock );
-  assert( mem.aPool[i+nBlock-1].u.hdr.prevSize==nBlock );
-  x = mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x;
-  mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x = nBlock*4 | 1 | (x&2);
-  mem.aPool[i+nBlock-1].u.hdr.prevSize = nBlock;
-  mem.aPool[i+nBlock-1].u.hdr.size4x |= 2;
-  return &mem.aPool[i];
-}
-
-/*
-** Carve a piece off of the end of the mem.iMaster free chunk.
+  assert( mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4==nBlock );
+  assert( mem3.aPool[i+nBlock-1].u.hdr.prevSize==nBlock );
+  x = mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x;
+  mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x = nBlock*4 | 1 | (x&2);
+  mem3.aPool[i+nBlock-1].u.hdr.prevSize = nBlock;
+  mem3.aPool[i+nBlock-1].u.hdr.size4x |= 2;
+  return &mem3.aPool[i];
+}
+
+/*
+** Carve a piece off of the end of the mem3.iMaster free chunk.
 ** Return a pointer to the new allocation.  Or, if the master chunk
 ** is not large enough, return 0.
 */
 static void *memsys3FromMaster(int nBlock){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
-  assert( mem.szMaster>=nBlock );
-  if( nBlock>=mem.szMaster-1 ){
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
+  assert( mem3.szMaster>=nBlock );
+  if( nBlock>=mem3.szMaster-1 ){
     /* Use the entire master */
-    void *p = memsys3Checkout(mem.iMaster, mem.szMaster);
-    mem.iMaster = 0;
-    mem.szMaster = 0;
-    mem.mnMaster = 0;
+    void *p = memsys3Checkout(mem3.iMaster, mem3.szMaster);
+    mem3.iMaster = 0;
+    mem3.szMaster = 0;
+    mem3.mnMaster = 0;
     return p;
   }else{
     /* Split the master block.  Return the tail. */
     u32 newi, x;
-    newi = mem.iMaster + mem.szMaster - nBlock;
-    assert( newi > mem.iMaster+1 );
-    mem.aPool[mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = nBlock;
-    mem.aPool[mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x |= 2;
-    mem.aPool[newi-1].u.hdr.size4x = nBlock*4 + 1;
-    mem.szMaster -= nBlock;
-    mem.aPool[newi-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem.szMaster;
-    x = mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
-    mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem.szMaster*4 | x;
-    if( mem.szMaster < mem.mnMaster ){
-      mem.mnMaster = mem.szMaster;
-    }
-    return (void*)&mem.aPool[newi];
+    newi = mem3.iMaster + mem3.szMaster - nBlock;
+    assert( newi > mem3.iMaster+1 );
+    mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = nBlock;
+    mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x |= 2;
+    mem3.aPool[newi-1].u.hdr.size4x = nBlock*4 + 1;
+    mem3.szMaster -= nBlock;
+    mem3.aPool[newi-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.szMaster;
+    x = mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
+    mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem3.szMaster*4 | x;
+    if( mem3.szMaster < mem3.mnMaster ){
+      mem3.mnMaster = mem3.szMaster;
+    }
+    return (void*)&mem3.aPool[newi];
   }
 }
 
 /*
 ** *pRoot is the head of a list of free chunks of the same size
 ** or same size hash.  In other words, *pRoot is an entry in either
-** mem.aiSmall[] or mem.aiHash[].
+** mem3.aiSmall[] or mem3.aiHash[].
 **
 ** This routine examines all entries on the given list and tries
 ** to coalesce each entries with adjacent free chunks.
 **
-** If it sees a chunk that is larger than mem.iMaster, it replaces
-** the current mem.iMaster with the new larger chunk.  In order for
-** this mem.iMaster replacement to work, the master chunk must be
+** If it sees a chunk that is larger than mem3.iMaster, it replaces
+** the current mem3.iMaster with the new larger chunk.  In order for
+** this mem3.iMaster replacement to work, the master chunk must be
 ** linked into the hash tables.  That is not the normal state of
 ** affairs, of course.  The calling routine must link the master
 ** chunk before invoking this routine, then must unlink the (possibly
 ** changed) master chunk once this routine has finished.
 */
 static void memsys3Merge(u32 *pRoot){
   u32 iNext, prev, size, i, x;
 
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
   for(i=*pRoot; i>0; i=iNext){
-    iNext = mem.aPool[i].u.list.next;
-    size = mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x;
+    iNext = mem3.aPool[i].u.list.next;
+    size = mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x;
     assert( (size&1)==0 );
     if( (size&2)==0 ){
       memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, pRoot);
-      assert( i > mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.prevSize );
-      prev = i - mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.prevSize;
+      assert( i > mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.prevSize );
+      prev = i - mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.prevSize;
       if( prev==iNext ){
-        iNext = mem.aPool[prev].u.list.next;
+        iNext = mem3.aPool[prev].u.list.next;
       }
       memsys3Unlink(prev);
       size = i + size/4 - prev;
-      x = mem.aPool[prev-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
-      mem.aPool[prev-1].u.hdr.size4x = size*4 | x;
-      mem.aPool[prev+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize = size;
+      x = mem3.aPool[prev-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
+      mem3.aPool[prev-1].u.hdr.size4x = size*4 | x;
+      mem3.aPool[prev+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize = size;
       memsys3Link(prev);
       i = prev;
     }else{
       size /= 4;
     }
-    if( size>mem.szMaster ){
-      mem.iMaster = i;
-      mem.szMaster = size;
+    if( size>mem3.szMaster ){
+      mem3.iMaster = i;
+      mem3.szMaster = size;
     }
   }
 }
 
 /*
 ** Return a block of memory of at least nBytes in size.
 ** Return NULL if unable.
-*/
-static void *memsys3Malloc(int nByte){
+**
+** This function assumes that the necessary mutexes, if any, are
+** already held by the caller. Hence "Unsafe".
+*/
+static void *memsys3MallocUnsafe(int nByte){
   u32 i;
   int nBlock;
   int toFree;
 
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
   assert( sizeof(Mem3Block)==8 );
   if( nByte<=12 ){
     nBlock = 2;
   }else{
     nBlock = (nByte + 11)/8;
   }
-  assert( nBlock >= 2 );
+  assert( nBlock>=2 );
 
   /* STEP 1:
   ** Look for an entry of the correct size in either the small
   ** chunk table or in the large chunk hash table.  This is
   ** successful most of the time (about 9 times out of 10).
   */
   if( nBlock <= MX_SMALL ){
-    i = mem.aiSmall[nBlock-2];
+    i = mem3.aiSmall[nBlock-2];
     if( i>0 ){
-      memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, &mem.aiSmall[nBlock-2]);
+      memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, &mem3.aiSmall[nBlock-2]);
       return memsys3Checkout(i, nBlock);
     }
   }else{
     int hash = nBlock % N_HASH;
-    for(i=mem.aiHash[hash]; i>0; i=mem.aPool[i].u.list.next){
-      if( mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4==nBlock ){
-        memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, &mem.aiHash[hash]);
+    for(i=mem3.aiHash[hash]; i>0; i=mem3.aPool[i].u.list.next){
+      if( mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4==nBlock ){
+        memsys3UnlinkFromList(i, &mem3.aiHash[hash]);
         return memsys3Checkout(i, nBlock);
       }
     }
   }
 
   /* STEP 2:
   ** Try to satisfy the allocation by carving a piece off of the end
   ** of the master chunk.  This step usually works if step 1 fails.
   */
-  if( mem.szMaster>=nBlock ){
+  if( mem3.szMaster>=nBlock ){
     return memsys3FromMaster(nBlock);
   }
 
 
   /* STEP 3:
@@ -12128,26 +12627,26 @@
   ** chunks.  Recompute the master chunk as the largest free chunk.
   ** Then try again to satisfy the allocation by carving a piece off
   ** of the end of the master chunk.  This step happens very
   ** rarely (we hope!)
   */
-  for(toFree=nBlock*16; toFree<SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE*2; toFree *= 2){
+  for(toFree=nBlock*16; toFree<(mem3.nPool*16); toFree *= 2){
     memsys3OutOfMemory(toFree);
-    if( mem.iMaster ){
-      memsys3Link(mem.iMaster);
-      mem.iMaster = 0;
-      mem.szMaster = 0;
+    if( mem3.iMaster ){
+      memsys3Link(mem3.iMaster);
+      mem3.iMaster = 0;
+      mem3.szMaster = 0;
     }
     for(i=0; i<N_HASH; i++){
-      memsys3Merge(&mem.aiHash[i]);
+      memsys3Merge(&mem3.aiHash[i]);
     }
     for(i=0; i<MX_SMALL-1; i++){
-      memsys3Merge(&mem.aiSmall[i]);
-    }
-    if( mem.szMaster ){
-      memsys3Unlink(mem.iMaster);
-      if( mem.szMaster>=nBlock ){
+      memsys3Merge(&mem3.aiSmall[i]);
+    }
+    if( mem3.szMaster ){
+      memsys3Unlink(mem3.iMaster);
+      if( mem3.szMaster>=nBlock ){
         return memsys3FromMaster(nBlock);
       }
     }
   }
 
@@ -12155,111 +12654,161 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Free an outstanding memory allocation.
-*/
-void memsys3Free(void *pOld){
+**
+** This function assumes that the necessary mutexes, if any, are
+** already held by the caller. Hence "Unsafe".
+*/
+void memsys3FreeUnsafe(void *pOld){
   Mem3Block *p = (Mem3Block*)pOld;
   int i;
   u32 size, x;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
-  assert( p>mem.aPool && p<&mem.aPool[SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8] );
-  i = p - mem.aPool;
-  assert( (mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x&1)==1 );
-  size = mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
-  assert( i+size<=SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8+1 );
-  mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x &= ~1;
-  mem.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize = size;
-  mem.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.size4x &= ~2;
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
+  assert( p>mem3.aPool && p<&mem3.aPool[mem3.nPool] );
+  i = p - mem3.aPool;
+  assert( (mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x&1)==1 );
+  size = mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
+  assert( i+size<=mem3.nPool+1 );
+  mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x &= ~1;
+  mem3.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize = size;
+  mem3.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.size4x &= ~2;
   memsys3Link(i);
 
   /* Try to expand the master using the newly freed chunk */
-  if( mem.iMaster ){
-    while( (mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x&2)==0 ){
-      size = mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize;
-      mem.iMaster -= size;
-      mem.szMaster += size;
-      memsys3Unlink(mem.iMaster);
-      x = mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
-      mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem.szMaster*4 | x;
-      mem.aPool[mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem.szMaster;
-    }
-    x = mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
-    while( (mem.aPool[mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x&1)==0 ){
-      memsys3Unlink(mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster);
-      mem.szMaster += mem.aPool[mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
-      mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem.szMaster*4 | x;
-      mem.aPool[mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem.szMaster;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Allocate nBytes of memory
-*/
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int nBytes){
-  sqlite3_int64 *p = 0;
-  if( nBytes>0 ){
-    memsys3Enter();
-    p = memsys3Malloc(nBytes);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  }
+  if( mem3.iMaster ){
+    while( (mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x&2)==0 ){
+      size = mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize;
+      mem3.iMaster -= size;
+      mem3.szMaster += size;
+      memsys3Unlink(mem3.iMaster);
+      x = mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
+      mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem3.szMaster*4 | x;
+      mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.szMaster;
+    }
+    x = mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
+    while( (mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x&1)==0 ){
+      memsys3Unlink(mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster);
+      mem3.szMaster += mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
+      mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem3.szMaster*4 | x;
+      mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.szMaster;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate nBytes of memory.
+*/
+static void *memsys3Malloc(int nBytes){
+  sqlite3_int64 *p;
+  assert( nBytes>0 );          /* malloc.c filters out 0 byte requests */
+  memsys3Enter();
+  p = memsys3MallocUnsafe(nBytes);
+  memsys3Leave();
   return (void*)p;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Free memory.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void *pPrior){
-  if( pPrior==0 ){
-    return;
-  }
-  assert( mem.mutex!=0 );
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  memsys3Free(pPrior);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
+void memsys3Free(void *pPrior){
+  assert( pPrior );
+  memsys3Enter();
+  memsys3FreeUnsafe(pPrior);
+  memsys3Leave();
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the size of an outstanding allocation, in bytes.  The
+** size returned omits the 8-byte header overhead.  This only
+** works for chunks that are currently checked out.
+*/
+static int memsys3Size(void *p){
+  Mem3Block *pBlock = (Mem3Block*)p;
+  assert( pBlock );
+  assert( (pBlock[-1].u.hdr.size4x&1)!=0 );
+  return (pBlock[-1].u.hdr.size4x&~3)*2 - 4;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Change the size of an existing memory allocation
 */
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void *pPrior, int nBytes){
+void *memsys3Realloc(void *pPrior, int nBytes){
   int nOld;
   void *p;
   if( pPrior==0 ){
     return sqlite3_malloc(nBytes);
   }
   if( nBytes<=0 ){
     sqlite3_free(pPrior);
     return 0;
   }
-  assert( mem.mutex!=0 );
-  nOld = sqlite3MallocSize(pPrior);
+  nOld = memsys3Size(pPrior);
   if( nBytes<=nOld && nBytes>=nOld-128 ){
     return pPrior;
   }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  p = memsys3Malloc(nBytes);
+  memsys3Enter();
+  p = memsys3MallocUnsafe(nBytes);
   if( p ){
     if( nOld<nBytes ){
       memcpy(p, pPrior, nOld);
     }else{
       memcpy(p, pPrior, nBytes);
     }
-    memsys3Free(pPrior);
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return p;
-}
+    memsys3FreeUnsafe(pPrior);
+  }
+  memsys3Leave();
+  return p;
+}
+
+/*
+** Round up a request size to the next valid allocation size.
+*/
+static int memsys3Roundup(int n){
+  return (n+7) & ~7;
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize this module.
+*/
+static int memsys3Init(void *NotUsed){
+  if( !sqlite3Config.pHeap ){
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  /* Store a pointer to the memory block in global structure mem3. */
+  assert( sizeof(Mem3Block)==8 );
+  mem3.aPool = (Mem3Block *)sqlite3Config.pHeap;
+  mem3.nPool = (sqlite3Config.nHeap / sizeof(Mem3Block)) - 2;
+
+  /* Initialize the master block. */
+  mem3.szMaster = mem3.nPool;
+  mem3.mnMaster = mem3.szMaster;
+  mem3.iMaster = 1;
+  mem3.aPool[0].u.hdr.size4x = (mem3.szMaster<<2) + 2;
+  mem3.aPool[mem3.nPool].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.nPool;
+  mem3.aPool[mem3.nPool].u.hdr.size4x = 1;
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Deinitialize this module.
+*/
+static void memsys3Shutdown(void *NotUsed){
+  return;
+}
+
+
 
 /*
 ** Open the file indicated and write a log of all unfreed memory
 ** allocations into that log.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugDump(const char *zFilename){
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Memsys3Dump(const char *zFilename){
   FILE *out;
   int i, j;
   u32 size;
   if( zFilename==0 || zFilename[0]==0 ){
     out = stdout;
@@ -12271,66 +12820,90 @@
       return;
     }
   }
   memsys3Enter();
   fprintf(out, "CHUNKS:\n");
-  for(i=1; i<=SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8; i+=size/4){
-    size = mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x;
+  for(i=1; i<=mem3.nPool; i+=size/4){
+    size = mem3.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size4x;
     if( size/4<=1 ){
-      fprintf(out, "%p size error\n", &mem.aPool[i]);
+      fprintf(out, "%p size error\n", &mem3.aPool[i]);
       assert( 0 );
       break;
     }
-    if( (size&1)==0 && mem.aPool[i+size/4-1].u.hdr.prevSize!=size/4 ){
-      fprintf(out, "%p tail size does not match\n", &mem.aPool[i]);
+    if( (size&1)==0 && mem3.aPool[i+size/4-1].u.hdr.prevSize!=size/4 ){
+      fprintf(out, "%p tail size does not match\n", &mem3.aPool[i]);
       assert( 0 );
       break;
     }
-    if( ((mem.aPool[i+size/4-1].u.hdr.size4x&2)>>1)!=(size&1) ){
-      fprintf(out, "%p tail checkout bit is incorrect\n", &mem.aPool[i]);
+    if( ((mem3.aPool[i+size/4-1].u.hdr.size4x&2)>>1)!=(size&1) ){
+      fprintf(out, "%p tail checkout bit is incorrect\n", &mem3.aPool[i]);
       assert( 0 );
       break;
     }
     if( size&1 ){
-      fprintf(out, "%p %6d bytes checked out\n", &mem.aPool[i], (size/4)*8-8);
-    }else{
-      fprintf(out, "%p %6d bytes free%s\n", &mem.aPool[i], (size/4)*8-8,
-                  i==mem.iMaster ? " **master**" : "");
+      fprintf(out, "%p %6d bytes checked out\n", &mem3.aPool[i], (size/4)*8-8);
+    }else{
+      fprintf(out, "%p %6d bytes free%s\n", &mem3.aPool[i], (size/4)*8-8,
+                  i==mem3.iMaster ? " **master**" : "");
     }
   }
   for(i=0; i<MX_SMALL-1; i++){
-    if( mem.aiSmall[i]==0 ) continue;
+    if( mem3.aiSmall[i]==0 ) continue;
     fprintf(out, "small(%2d):", i);
-    for(j = mem.aiSmall[i]; j>0; j=mem.aPool[j].u.list.next){
-      fprintf(out, " %p(%d)", &mem.aPool[j],
-              (mem.aPool[j-1].u.hdr.size4x/4)*8-8);
+    for(j = mem3.aiSmall[i]; j>0; j=mem3.aPool[j].u.list.next){
+      fprintf(out, " %p(%d)", &mem3.aPool[j],
+              (mem3.aPool[j-1].u.hdr.size4x/4)*8-8);
     }
     fprintf(out, "\n");
   }
   for(i=0; i<N_HASH; i++){
-    if( mem.aiHash[i]==0 ) continue;
+    if( mem3.aiHash[i]==0 ) continue;
     fprintf(out, "hash(%2d):", i);
-    for(j = mem.aiHash[i]; j>0; j=mem.aPool[j].u.list.next){
-      fprintf(out, " %p(%d)", &mem.aPool[j],
-              (mem.aPool[j-1].u.hdr.size4x/4)*8-8);
+    for(j = mem3.aiHash[i]; j>0; j=mem3.aPool[j].u.list.next){
+      fprintf(out, " %p(%d)", &mem3.aPool[j],
+              (mem3.aPool[j-1].u.hdr.size4x/4)*8-8);
     }
     fprintf(out, "\n");
   }
-  fprintf(out, "master=%d\n", mem.iMaster);
-  fprintf(out, "nowUsed=%d\n", SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE - mem.szMaster*8);
-  fprintf(out, "mxUsed=%d\n", SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE - mem.mnMaster*8);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
+  fprintf(out, "master=%d\n", mem3.iMaster);
+  fprintf(out, "nowUsed=%d\n", mem3.nPool*8 - mem3.szMaster*8);
+  fprintf(out, "mxUsed=%d\n", mem3.nPool*8 - mem3.mnMaster*8);
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem3.mutex);
   if( out==stdout ){
     fflush(stdout);
   }else{
     fclose(out);
   }
-#endif
-}
-
-
-#endif /* !SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE */
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+** This routine is the only routine in this file with external
+** linkage.
+**
+** Populate the low-level memory allocation function pointers in
+** sqlite3Config.m with pointers to the routines in this file. The
+** arguments specify the block of memory to manage.
+**
+** This routine is only called by sqlite3_config(), and therefore
+** is not required to be threadsafe (it is not).
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void){
+  static const sqlite3_mem_methods mempoolMethods = {
+     memsys3Malloc,
+     memsys3Free,
+     memsys3Realloc,
+     memsys3Size,
+     memsys3Roundup,
+     memsys3Init,
+     memsys3Shutdown,
+     0
+  };
+  return &mempoolMethods;
+}
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3 */
 
 /************** End of mem3.c ************************************************/
 /************** Begin file mem5.c ********************************************/
 /*
 ** 2007 October 14
@@ -12345,35 +12918,37 @@
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains the C functions that implement a memory
 ** allocation subsystem for use by SQLite.
 **
 ** This version of the memory allocation subsystem omits all
-** use of malloc().  All dynamically allocatable memory is
-** contained in a static array, mem.aPool[].  The size of this
-** fixed memory pool is SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE bytes.
-**
-** This version of the memory allocation subsystem is used if
-** and only if SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE is defined.
-**
-** $Id: mem5.c,v 1.4 2008/02/19 15:15:16 drh Exp $
+** use of malloc(). The SQLite user supplies a block of memory
+** before calling sqlite3_initialize() from which allocations
+** are made and returned by the xMalloc() and xRealloc()
+** implementations. Once sqlite3_initialize() has been called,
+** the amount of memory available to SQLite is fixed and cannot
+** be changed.
+**
+** This version of the memory allocation subsystem is included
+** in the build only if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5 is defined.
+**
+** $Id: mem5.c,v 1.10 2008/06/27 14:05:25 danielk1977 Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** This version of the memory allocator is used only when
 ** SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE is defined.
 */
-#ifdef SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
 
 /*
 ** Log2 of the minimum size of an allocation.  For example, if
 ** 4 then all allocations will be rounded up to at least 16 bytes.
 ** If 5 then all allocations will be rounded up to at least 32 bytes.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_POW2_LOGMIN
 # define SQLITE_POW2_LOGMIN 6
 #endif
-#define POW2_MIN (1<<SQLITE_POW2_LOGMIN)
 
 /*
 ** Log2 of the maximum size of an allocation.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_POW2_LOGMAX
@@ -12389,46 +12964,38 @@
 /*
 ** A minimum allocation is an instance of the following structure.
 ** Larger allocations are an array of these structures where the
 ** size of the array is a power of 2.
 */
-typedef struct Mem5Block Mem5Block;
-struct Mem5Block {
-  union {
-    char aData[POW2_MIN];
-    struct {
-      int next;       /* Index in mem.aPool[] of next free chunk */
-      int prev;       /* Index in mem.aPool[] of previous free chunk */
-    } list;
-  } u;
-};
-
-/*
-** Number of blocks of memory available for allocation.
-*/
-#define NBLOCK (SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE/POW2_MIN)
-
-/*
-** The size in blocks of an POW2_MAX allocation
-*/
-#define SZ_MAX (1<<(NSIZE-1))
-
-/*
-** Masks used for mem.aCtrl[] elements.
+typedef struct Mem5Link Mem5Link;
+struct Mem5Link {
+  int next;       /* Index of next free chunk */
+  int prev;       /* Index of previous free chunk */
+};
+
+/*
+** Maximum size of any allocation is ((1<<LOGMAX)*mem5.nAtom). Since
+** mem5.nAtom is always at least 8, this is not really a practical
+** limitation.
+*/
+#define LOGMAX 30
+
+/*
+** Masks used for mem5.aCtrl[] elements.
 */
 #define CTRL_LOGSIZE  0x1f    /* Log2 Size of this block relative to POW2_MIN */
 #define CTRL_FREE     0x20    /* True if not checked out */
 
 /*
 ** All of the static variables used by this module are collected
-** into a single structure named "mem".  This is to keep the
+** into a single structure named "mem5".  This is to keep the
 ** static variables organized and to reduce namespace pollution
 ** when this module is combined with other in the amalgamation.
 */
 static struct {
   /*
-  ** The alarm callback and its arguments.  The mem.mutex lock will
+  ** The alarm callback and its arguments.  The mem5.mutex lock will
   ** be held while the callback is running.  Recursive calls into
   ** the memory subsystem are allowed, but no new callbacks will be
   ** issued.  The alarmBusy variable is set to prevent recursive
   ** callbacks.
   */
@@ -12455,165 +13022,96 @@
   u32 maxRequest;     /* Largest allocation (exclusive of internal frag) */
 
   /*
   ** Lists of free blocks of various sizes.
   */
-  int aiFreelist[NSIZE];
+  int aiFreelist[LOGMAX+1];
 
   /*
   ** Space for tracking which blocks are checked out and the size
   ** of each block.  One byte per block.
   */
-  u8 aCtrl[NBLOCK];
+  u8 *aCtrl;
 
   /*
   ** Memory available for allocation
   */
-  Mem5Block aPool[NBLOCK];
-} mem;
-
-/*
-** Unlink the chunk at mem.aPool[i] from list it is currently
-** on.  It should be found on mem.aiFreelist[iLogsize].
+  int nAtom;       /* Smallest possible allocation in bytes */
+  int nBlock;      /* Number of nAtom sized blocks in zPool */
+  u8 *zPool;
+} mem5;
+
+#define MEM5LINK(idx) ((Mem5Link *)(&mem5.zPool[(idx)*mem5.nAtom]))
+
+/*
+** Unlink the chunk at mem5.aPool[i] from list it is currently
+** on.  It should be found on mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize].
 */
 static void memsys5Unlink(int i, int iLogsize){
   int next, prev;
-  assert( i>=0 && i<NBLOCK );
-  assert( iLogsize>=0 && iLogsize<NSIZE );
-  assert( (mem.aCtrl[i] & CTRL_LOGSIZE)==iLogsize );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
-
-  next = mem.aPool[i].u.list.next;
-  prev = mem.aPool[i].u.list.prev;
+  assert( i>=0 && i<mem5.nBlock );
+  assert( iLogsize>=0 && iLogsize<=LOGMAX );
+  assert( (mem5.aCtrl[i] & CTRL_LOGSIZE)==iLogsize );
+
+  next = MEM5LINK(i)->next;
+  prev = MEM5LINK(i)->prev;
   if( prev<0 ){
-    mem.aiFreelist[iLogsize] = next;
-  }else{
-    mem.aPool[prev].u.list.next = next;
+    mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize] = next;
+  }else{
+    MEM5LINK(prev)->next = next;
   }
   if( next>=0 ){
-    mem.aPool[next].u.list.prev = prev;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Link the chunk at mem.aPool[i] so that is on the iLogsize
+    MEM5LINK(next)->prev = prev;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Link the chunk at mem5.aPool[i] so that is on the iLogsize
 ** free list.
 */
 static void memsys5Link(int i, int iLogsize){
   int x;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
-  assert( i>=0 && i<NBLOCK );
-  assert( iLogsize>=0 && iLogsize<NSIZE );
-  assert( (mem.aCtrl[i] & CTRL_LOGSIZE)==iLogsize );
-
-  mem.aPool[i].u.list.next = x = mem.aiFreelist[iLogsize];
-  mem.aPool[i].u.list.prev = -1;
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem5.mutex) );
+  assert( i>=0 && i<mem5.nBlock );
+  assert( iLogsize>=0 && iLogsize<=LOGMAX );
+  assert( (mem5.aCtrl[i] & CTRL_LOGSIZE)==iLogsize );
+
+  x = MEM5LINK(i)->next = mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize];
+  MEM5LINK(i)->prev = -1;
   if( x>=0 ){
-    assert( x<NBLOCK );
-    mem.aPool[x].u.list.prev = i;
-  }
-  mem.aiFreelist[iLogsize] = i;
-}
-
-/*
-** Enter the mutex mem.mutex. Allocate it if it is not already allocated.
-**
-** Also:  Initialize the memory allocation subsystem the first time
-** this routine is called.
+    assert( x<mem5.nBlock );
+    MEM5LINK(x)->prev = i;
+  }
+  mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize] = i;
+}
+
+/*
+** If the STATIC_MEM mutex is not already held, obtain it now. The mutex
+** will already be held (obtained by code in malloc.c) if
+** sqlite3Config.bMemStat is true.
 */
 static void memsys5Enter(void){
-  if( mem.mutex==0 ){
-    int i;
-    assert( sizeof(Mem5Block)==POW2_MIN );
-    assert( (SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE % POW2_MAX)==0 );
-    assert( SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE>=POW2_MAX );
-    mem.mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-    for(i=0; i<NSIZE; i++) mem.aiFreelist[i] = -1;
-    for(i=0; i<=NBLOCK-SZ_MAX; i += SZ_MAX){
-      mem.aCtrl[i] = (NSIZE-1) | CTRL_FREE;
-      memsys5Link(i, NSIZE-1);
-    }
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the amount of memory currently checked out.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void){
-  return mem.currentOut;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the maximum amount of memory that has ever been
-** checked out since either the beginning of this process
-** or since the most recent reset.
-*/
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag){
-  sqlite3_int64 n;
-  memsys5Enter();
-  n = mem.maxOut;
-  if( resetFlag ){
-    mem.maxOut = mem.currentOut;
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return n;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Trigger the alarm
-*/
-static void memsys5Alarm(int nByte){
-  void (*xCallback)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int);
-  sqlite3_int64 nowUsed;
-  void *pArg;
-  if( mem.alarmCallback==0 || mem.alarmBusy  ) return;
-  mem.alarmBusy = 1;
-  xCallback = mem.alarmCallback;
-  nowUsed = mem.currentOut;
-  pArg = mem.alarmArg;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  xCallback(pArg, nowUsed, nByte);
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  mem.alarmBusy = 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Change the alarm callback.
-**
-** This is a no-op for the static memory allocator.  The purpose
-** of the memory alarm is to support sqlite3_soft_heap_limit().
-** But with this memory allocator, the soft_heap_limit is really
-** a hard limit that is fixed at SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_memory_alarm(
-  void(*xCallback)(void *pArg, sqlite3_int64 used,int N),
-  void *pArg,
-  sqlite3_int64 iThreshold
-){
-  memsys5Enter();
-  mem.alarmCallback = xCallback;
-  mem.alarmArg = pArg;
-  mem.alarmThreshold = iThreshold;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  if( sqlite3Config.bMemstat==0 && mem5.mutex==0 ){
+    mem5.mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem5.mutex);
+}
+static void memsys5Leave(void){
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem5.mutex);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Return the size of an outstanding allocation, in bytes.  The
 ** size returned omits the 8-byte header overhead.  This only
 ** works for chunks that are currently checked out.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocSize(void *p){
+static int memsys5Size(void *p){
   int iSize = 0;
   if( p ){
-    int i = ((Mem5Block*)p) - mem.aPool;
-    assert( i>=0 && i<NBLOCK );
-    iSize = 1 << ((mem.aCtrl[i]&CTRL_LOGSIZE) + SQLITE_POW2_LOGMIN);
+    int i = ((u8 *)p-mem5.zPool)/mem5.nAtom;
+    assert( i>=0 && i<mem5.nBlock );
+    iSize = mem5.nAtom * (1 << (mem5.aCtrl[i]&CTRL_LOGSIZE));
   }
   return iSize;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -12622,193 +13120,253 @@
 */
 static int memsys5UnlinkFirst(int iLogsize){
   int i;
   int iFirst;
 
-  assert( iLogsize>=0 && iLogsize<NSIZE );
-  i = iFirst = mem.aiFreelist[iLogsize];
+  assert( iLogsize>=0 && iLogsize<=LOGMAX );
+  i = iFirst = mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize];
   assert( iFirst>=0 );
   while( i>0 ){
     if( i<iFirst ) iFirst = i;
-    i = mem.aPool[i].u.list.next;
+    i = MEM5LINK(i)->next;
   }
   memsys5Unlink(iFirst, iLogsize);
   return iFirst;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Return a block of memory of at least nBytes in size.
 ** Return NULL if unable.
 */
-static void *memsys5Malloc(int nByte){
-  int i;           /* Index of a mem.aPool[] slot */
-  int iBin;        /* Index into mem.aiFreelist[] */
+static void *memsys5MallocUnsafe(int nByte){
+  int i;           /* Index of a mem5.aPool[] slot */
+  int iBin;        /* Index into mem5.aiFreelist[] */
   int iFullSz;     /* Size of allocation rounded up to power of 2 */
   int iLogsize;    /* Log2 of iFullSz/POW2_MIN */
-
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
 
   /* Keep track of the maximum allocation request.  Even unfulfilled
   ** requests are counted */
-  if( nByte>mem.maxRequest ){
-    mem.maxRequest = nByte;
-  }
-
-  /* Simulate a memory allocation fault */
-  if( sqlite3FaultStep(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC) ) return 0;
+  if( nByte>mem5.maxRequest ){
+    mem5.maxRequest = nByte;
+  }
 
   /* Round nByte up to the next valid power of two */
   if( nByte>POW2_MAX ) return 0;
-  for(iFullSz=POW2_MIN, iLogsize=0; iFullSz<nByte; iFullSz *= 2, iLogsize++){}
-
-  /* If we will be over the memory alarm threshold after this allocation,
-  ** then trigger the memory overflow alarm */
-  if( mem.alarmCallback!=0 && mem.currentOut+iFullSz>=mem.alarmThreshold ){
-    memsys5Alarm(iFullSz);
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure mem.aiFreelist[iLogsize] contains at least one free
+  for(iFullSz=mem5.nAtom, iLogsize=0; iFullSz<nByte; iFullSz *= 2, iLogsize++){}
+
+  /* Make sure mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize] contains at least one free
   ** block.  If not, then split a block of the next larger power of
   ** two in order to create a new free block of size iLogsize.
   */
-  for(iBin=iLogsize; mem.aiFreelist[iBin]<0 && iBin<NSIZE; iBin++){}
-  if( iBin>=NSIZE ) return 0;
+  for(iBin=iLogsize; mem5.aiFreelist[iBin]<0 && iBin<=LOGMAX; iBin++){}
+  if( iBin>LOGMAX ) return 0;
   i = memsys5UnlinkFirst(iBin);
   while( iBin>iLogsize ){
     int newSize;
 
     iBin--;
     newSize = 1 << iBin;
-    mem.aCtrl[i+newSize] = CTRL_FREE | iBin;
+    mem5.aCtrl[i+newSize] = CTRL_FREE | iBin;
     memsys5Link(i+newSize, iBin);
   }
-  mem.aCtrl[i] = iLogsize;
+  mem5.aCtrl[i] = iLogsize;
 
   /* Update allocator performance statistics. */
-  mem.nAlloc++;
-  mem.totalAlloc += iFullSz;
-  mem.totalExcess += iFullSz - nByte;
-  mem.currentCount++;
-  mem.currentOut += iFullSz;
-  if( mem.maxCount<mem.currentCount ) mem.maxCount = mem.currentCount;
-  if( mem.maxOut<mem.currentOut ) mem.maxOut = mem.currentOut;
+  mem5.nAlloc++;
+  mem5.totalAlloc += iFullSz;
+  mem5.totalExcess += iFullSz - nByte;
+  mem5.currentCount++;
+  mem5.currentOut += iFullSz;
+  if( mem5.maxCount<mem5.currentCount ) mem5.maxCount = mem5.currentCount;
+  if( mem5.maxOut<mem5.currentOut ) mem5.maxOut = mem5.currentOut;
 
   /* Return a pointer to the allocated memory. */
-  return (void*)&mem.aPool[i];
+  return (void*)&mem5.zPool[i*mem5.nAtom];
 }
 
 /*
 ** Free an outstanding memory allocation.
 */
-void memsys5Free(void *pOld){
+static void memsys5FreeUnsafe(void *pOld){
   u32 size, iLogsize;
-  int i;
-
-  i = ((Mem5Block*)pOld) - mem.aPool;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem.mutex) );
-  assert( i>=0 && i<NBLOCK );
-  assert( (mem.aCtrl[i] & CTRL_FREE)==0 );
-  iLogsize = mem.aCtrl[i] & CTRL_LOGSIZE;
+  int iBlock;
+
+  /* Set iBlock to the index of the block pointed to by pOld in
+  ** the array of mem5.nAtom byte blocks pointed to by mem5.zPool.
+  */
+  iBlock = ((u8 *)pOld-mem5.zPool)/mem5.nAtom;
+
+  /* Check that the pointer pOld points to a valid, non-free block. */
+  assert( iBlock>=0 && iBlock<mem5.nBlock );
+  assert( ((u8 *)pOld-mem5.zPool)%mem5.nAtom==0 );
+  assert( (mem5.aCtrl[iBlock] & CTRL_FREE)==0 );
+
+  iLogsize = mem5.aCtrl[iBlock] & CTRL_LOGSIZE;
   size = 1<<iLogsize;
-  assert( i+size-1<NBLOCK );
-  mem.aCtrl[i] |= CTRL_FREE;
-  mem.aCtrl[i+size-1] |= CTRL_FREE;
-  assert( mem.currentCount>0 );
-  assert( mem.currentOut>=0 );
-  mem.currentCount--;
-  mem.currentOut -= size*POW2_MIN;
-  assert( mem.currentOut>0 || mem.currentCount==0 );
-  assert( mem.currentCount>0 || mem.currentOut==0 );
-
-  mem.aCtrl[i] = CTRL_FREE | iLogsize;
-  while( iLogsize<NSIZE-1 ){
+  assert( iBlock+size-1<mem5.nBlock );
+
+  mem5.aCtrl[iBlock] |= CTRL_FREE;
+  mem5.aCtrl[iBlock+size-1] |= CTRL_FREE;
+  assert( mem5.currentCount>0 );
+  assert( mem5.currentOut>=0 );
+  mem5.currentCount--;
+  mem5.currentOut -= size*mem5.nAtom;
+  assert( mem5.currentOut>0 || mem5.currentCount==0 );
+  assert( mem5.currentCount>0 || mem5.currentOut==0 );
+
+  mem5.aCtrl[iBlock] = CTRL_FREE | iLogsize;
+  while( iLogsize<LOGMAX ){
     int iBuddy;
-
-    if( (i>>iLogsize) & 1 ){
-      iBuddy = i - size;
-    }else{
-      iBuddy = i + size;
-    }
-    assert( iBuddy>=0 && iBuddy<NBLOCK );
-    if( mem.aCtrl[iBuddy]!=(CTRL_FREE | iLogsize) ) break;
+    if( (iBlock>>iLogsize) & 1 ){
+      iBuddy = iBlock - size;
+    }else{
+      iBuddy = iBlock + size;
+    }
+    assert( iBuddy>=0 );
+    if( (iBuddy+(1<<iLogsize))>mem5.nBlock ) break;
+    if( mem5.aCtrl[iBuddy]!=(CTRL_FREE | iLogsize) ) break;
     memsys5Unlink(iBuddy, iLogsize);
     iLogsize++;
-    if( iBuddy<i ){
-      mem.aCtrl[iBuddy] = CTRL_FREE | iLogsize;
-      mem.aCtrl[i] = 0;
-      i = iBuddy;
-    }else{
-      mem.aCtrl[i] = CTRL_FREE | iLogsize;
-      mem.aCtrl[iBuddy] = 0;
+    if( iBuddy<iBlock ){
+      mem5.aCtrl[iBuddy] = CTRL_FREE | iLogsize;
+      mem5.aCtrl[iBlock] = 0;
+      iBlock = iBuddy;
+    }else{
+      mem5.aCtrl[iBlock] = CTRL_FREE | iLogsize;
+      mem5.aCtrl[iBuddy] = 0;
     }
     size *= 2;
   }
-  memsys5Link(i, iLogsize);
+  memsys5Link(iBlock, iLogsize);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Allocate nBytes of memory
 */
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int nBytes){
+static void *memsys5Malloc(int nBytes){
   sqlite3_int64 *p = 0;
   if( nBytes>0 ){
     memsys5Enter();
-    p = memsys5Malloc(nBytes);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
+    p = memsys5MallocUnsafe(nBytes);
+    memsys5Leave();
   }
   return (void*)p;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Free memory.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void *pPrior){
+static void memsys5Free(void *pPrior){
   if( pPrior==0 ){
-    return;
-  }
-  assert( mem.mutex!=0 );
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  memsys5Free(pPrior);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
+assert(0);
+    return;
+  }
+  memsys5Enter();
+  memsys5FreeUnsafe(pPrior);
+  memsys5Leave();
 }
 
 /*
 ** Change the size of an existing memory allocation
 */
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void *pPrior, int nBytes){
+static void *memsys5Realloc(void *pPrior, int nBytes){
   int nOld;
   void *p;
   if( pPrior==0 ){
-    return sqlite3_malloc(nBytes);
+    return memsys5Malloc(nBytes);
   }
   if( nBytes<=0 ){
-    sqlite3_free(pPrior);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  assert( mem.mutex!=0 );
-  nOld = sqlite3MallocSize(pPrior);
+    memsys5Free(pPrior);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  nOld = memsys5Size(pPrior);
   if( nBytes<=nOld ){
     return pPrior;
   }
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
-  p = memsys5Malloc(nBytes);
+  memsys5Enter();
+  p = memsys5MallocUnsafe(nBytes);
   if( p ){
     memcpy(p, pPrior, nOld);
-    memsys5Free(pPrior);
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return p;
+    memsys5FreeUnsafe(pPrior);
+  }
+  memsys5Leave();
+  return p;
+}
+
+/*
+** Round up a request size to the next valid allocation size.
+*/
+static int memsys5Roundup(int n){
+  int iFullSz;
+  for(iFullSz=mem5.nAtom; iFullSz<n; iFullSz *= 2);
+  return iFullSz;
+}
+
+static int memsys5Log(int iValue){
+  int iLog;
+  for(iLog=0; (1<<iLog)<iValue; iLog++);
+  return iLog;
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize this module.
+*/
+static int memsys5Init(void *NotUsed){
+  int ii;
+  int nByte = sqlite3Config.nHeap;
+  u8 *zByte = (u8 *)sqlite3Config.pHeap;
+  int nMinLog;                 /* Log of minimum allocation size in bytes*/
+  int iOffset;
+
+  if( !zByte ){
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  nMinLog = memsys5Log(sqlite3Config.mnReq);
+  mem5.nAtom = (1<<nMinLog);
+  while( sizeof(Mem5Link)>mem5.nAtom ){
+    mem5.nAtom = mem5.nAtom << 1;
+  }
+
+  mem5.nBlock = (nByte / (mem5.nAtom+sizeof(u8)));
+  mem5.zPool = zByte;
+  mem5.aCtrl = (u8 *)&mem5.zPool[mem5.nBlock*mem5.nAtom];
+
+  for(ii=0; ii<=LOGMAX; ii++){
+    mem5.aiFreelist[ii] = -1;
+  }
+
+  iOffset = 0;
+  for(ii=LOGMAX; ii>=0; ii--){
+    int nAlloc = (1<<ii);
+    if( (iOffset+nAlloc)<=mem5.nBlock ){
+      mem5.aCtrl[iOffset] = ii | CTRL_FREE;
+      memsys5Link(iOffset, ii);
+      iOffset += nAlloc;
+    }
+    assert((iOffset+nAlloc)>mem5.nBlock);
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Deinitialize this module.
+*/
+static void memsys5Shutdown(void *NotUsed){
+  return;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Open the file indicated and write a log of all unfreed memory
 ** allocations into that log.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugDump(const char *zFilename){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Memsys5Dump(const char *zFilename){
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   FILE *out;
   int i, j, n;
+  int nMinLog;
 
   if( zFilename==0 || zFilename[0]==0 ){
     out = stdout;
   }else{
     out = fopen(zFilename, "w");
@@ -12817,33 +13375,52 @@
                       zFilename);
       return;
     }
   }
   memsys5Enter();
-  for(i=0; i<NSIZE; i++){
-    for(n=0, j=mem.aiFreelist[i]; j>=0; j = mem.aPool[j].u.list.next, n++){}
-    fprintf(out, "freelist items of size %d: %d\n", POW2_MIN << i, n);
-  }
-  fprintf(out, "mem.nAlloc       = %llu\n", mem.nAlloc);
-  fprintf(out, "mem.totalAlloc   = %llu\n", mem.totalAlloc);
-  fprintf(out, "mem.totalExcess  = %llu\n", mem.totalExcess);
-  fprintf(out, "mem.currentOut   = %u\n", mem.currentOut);
-  fprintf(out, "mem.currentCount = %u\n", mem.currentCount);
-  fprintf(out, "mem.maxOut       = %u\n", mem.maxOut);
-  fprintf(out, "mem.maxCount     = %u\n", mem.maxCount);
-  fprintf(out, "mem.maxRequest   = %u\n", mem.maxRequest);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
+  nMinLog = memsys5Log(mem5.nAtom);
+  for(i=0; i<=LOGMAX && i+nMinLog<32; i++){
+    for(n=0, j=mem5.aiFreelist[i]; j>=0; j = MEM5LINK(j)->next, n++){}
+    fprintf(out, "freelist items of size %d: %d\n", mem5.nAtom << i, n);
+  }
+  fprintf(out, "mem5.nAlloc       = %llu\n", mem5.nAlloc);
+  fprintf(out, "mem5.totalAlloc   = %llu\n", mem5.totalAlloc);
+  fprintf(out, "mem5.totalExcess  = %llu\n", mem5.totalExcess);
+  fprintf(out, "mem5.currentOut   = %u\n", mem5.currentOut);
+  fprintf(out, "mem5.currentCount = %u\n", mem5.currentCount);
+  fprintf(out, "mem5.maxOut       = %u\n", mem5.maxOut);
+  fprintf(out, "mem5.maxCount     = %u\n", mem5.maxCount);
+  fprintf(out, "mem5.maxRequest   = %u\n", mem5.maxRequest);
+  memsys5Leave();
   if( out==stdout ){
     fflush(stdout);
   }else{
     fclose(out);
   }
 #endif
 }
 
-
-#endif /* !SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE */
+/*
+** This routine is the only routine in this file with external
+** linkage. It returns a pointer to a static sqlite3_mem_methods
+** struct populated with the memsys5 methods.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void){
+  static const sqlite3_mem_methods memsys5Methods = {
+     memsys5Malloc,
+     memsys5Free,
+     memsys5Realloc,
+     memsys5Size,
+     memsys5Roundup,
+     memsys5Init,
+     memsys5Shutdown,
+     0
+  };
+  return &memsys5Methods;
+}
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5 */
 
 /************** End of mem5.c ************************************************/
 /************** Begin file mutex.c *******************************************/
 /*
 ** 2007 August 14
@@ -12864,12 +13441,140 @@
 ** does do a lot of error checking on mutexes to make sure they
 ** are called correctly and at appropriate times.  Hence, this
 ** implementation is suitable for testing.
 ** debugging purposes
 **
-** $Id: mutex.c,v 1.17 2008/03/26 18:34:43 danielk1977 Exp $
-*/
+** $Id: mutex.c,v 1.27 2008/06/19 08:51:24 danielk1977 Exp $
+*/
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
+/*
+** Initialize the mutex system.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MutexInit(void){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( sqlite3Config.bCoreMutex ){
+    if( !sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexAlloc ){
+      /* If the xMutexAlloc method has not been set, then the user did not
+      ** install a mutex implementation via sqlite3_config() prior to
+      ** sqlite3_initialize() being called. This block copies pointers to
+      ** the default implementation into the sqlite3Config structure.
+      **
+      ** The danger is that although sqlite3_config() is not a threadsafe
+      ** API, sqlite3_initialize() is, and so multiple threads may be
+      ** attempting to run this function simultaneously. To guard write
+      ** access to the sqlite3Config structure, the 'MASTER' static mutex
+      ** is obtained before modifying it.
+      */
+      sqlite3_mutex_methods *p = sqlite3DefaultMutex();
+      sqlite3_mutex *pMaster = 0;
+
+      rc = p->xMutexInit();
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        pMaster = p->xMutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+        assert(pMaster);
+        p->xMutexEnter(pMaster);
+        assert( sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexAlloc==0
+             || sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexAlloc==p->xMutexAlloc
+        );
+        if( !sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexAlloc ){
+          sqlite3Config.mutex = *p;
+        }
+        p->xMutexLeave(pMaster);
+      }
+    }else{
+      rc = sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexInit();
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Shutdown the mutex system. This call frees resources allocated by
+** sqlite3MutexInit().
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MutexEnd(void){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  rc = sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexEnd();
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Retrieve a pointer to a static mutex or allocate a new dynamic one.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int id){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
+#endif
+  return sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexAlloc(id);
+}
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int id){
+  if( !sqlite3Config.bCoreMutex ){
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexAlloc(id);
+}
+
+/*
+** Free a dynamic mutex.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  if( p ){
+    sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexFree(p);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Obtain the mutex p. If some other thread already has the mutex, block
+** until it can be obtained.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  if( p ){
+    sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexEnter(p);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Obtain the mutex p. If successful, return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, if another
+** thread holds the mutex and it cannot be obtained, return SQLITE_BUSY.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( p ){
+    return sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexTry(p);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was previously
+** entered by the same thread.  The behavior is undefined if the mutex
+** is not currently entered. If a NULL pointer is passed as an argument
+** this function is a no-op.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  if( p ){
+    sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexLeave(p);
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+/*
+** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
+** intended for use inside assert() statements.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  return p==0 || sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexHeld(p);
+}
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  return p==0 || sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexNotheld(p);
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP_DEBUG
 /*
 ** In this implementation, mutexes do not provide any mutual exclusion.
 ** But the error checking is provided.  This implementation is useful
@@ -12883,21 +13588,38 @@
   int id;     /* The mutex type */
   int cnt;    /* Number of entries without a matching leave */
 };
 
 /*
+** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
+** intended for use inside assert() statements.
+*/
+static int noopMutexHeld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  return p==0 || p->cnt>0;
+}
+static int noopMutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  return p==0 || p->cnt==0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize and deinitialize the mutex subsystem.
+*/
+static int noopMutexInit(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
+static int noopMutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
+
+/*
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it.  If it returns NULL
 ** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.
 */
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int id){
+static sqlite3_mutex *noopMutexAlloc(int id){
   static sqlite3_mutex aStatic[6];
   sqlite3_mutex *pNew = 0;
   switch( id ){
     case SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST:
     case SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE: {
-      pNew = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(*pNew));
+      pNew = sqlite3Malloc(sizeof(*pNew));
       if( pNew ){
         pNew->id = id;
         pNew->cnt = 0;
       }
       break;
@@ -12914,12 +13636,11 @@
 }
 
 /*
 ** This routine deallocates a previously allocated mutex.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p );
+static void noopMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   assert( p->cnt==0 );
   assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
   sqlite3_free(p);
 }
 
@@ -12932,18 +13653,16 @@
 ** be entered multiple times by the same thread.  In such cases the,
 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
 ** can enter.  If the same thread tries to enter any other kind of mutex
 ** more than once, the behavior is undefined.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p );
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || sqlite3_mutex_notheld(p) );
+static void noopMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || noopMutexNotheld(p) );
   p->cnt++;
 }
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p );
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || sqlite3_mutex_notheld(p) );
+static int noopMutexTry(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || noopMutexNotheld(p) );
   p->cnt++;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -12950,26 +13669,31 @@
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
 ** previously entered by the same thread.  The behavior
 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered or
 ** is not currently allocated.  SQLite will never do either.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p) );
+static void noopMutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  assert( noopMutexHeld(p) );
   p->cnt--;
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || sqlite3_mutex_notheld(p) );
-}
-
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
-** intended for use inside assert() statements.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return p==0 || p->cnt>0;
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return p==0 || p->cnt==0;
+  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || noopMutexNotheld(p) );
+}
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
+  static sqlite3_mutex_methods sMutex = {
+    noopMutexInit,
+    noopMutexEnd,
+    noopMutexAlloc,
+    noopMutexFree,
+    noopMutexEnter,
+    noopMutexTry,
+    noopMutexLeave,
+
+    noopMutexHeld,
+    noopMutexNotheld
+  };
+
+  return &sMutex;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP_DEBUG */
 
 /************** End of mutex.c ***********************************************/
 /************** Begin file mutex_os2.c ***************************************/
@@ -12984,11 +13708,11 @@
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains the C functions that implement mutexes for OS/2
 **
-** $Id: mutex_os2.c,v 1.6 2008/03/26 18:34:43 danielk1977 Exp $
+** $Id: mutex_os2.c,v 1.10 2008/06/23 22:13:28 pweilbacher Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** The code in this file is only used if SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2 is defined.
 ** See the mutex.h file for details.
@@ -13010,10 +13734,16 @@
   int  nRef;        /* Number of references */
   TID  owner;       /* Thread holding this mutex */
 };
 
 #define OS2_MUTEX_INITIALIZER   0,0,0,0
+
+/*
+** Initialize and deinitialize the mutex subsystem.
+*/
+static int os2MutexInit(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
+static int os2MutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
 
 /*
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it.  If it returns NULL
 ** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.
@@ -13050,11 +13780,11 @@
 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  But for the static
 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
 ** the same type number.
 */
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int iType){
+static sqlite3_mutex *os2MutexAlloc(int iType){
   sqlite3_mutex *p = NULL;
   switch( iType ){
     case SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST:
     case SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE: {
       p = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(*p) );
@@ -13118,12 +13848,12 @@
 
 /*
 ** This routine deallocates a previously allocated mutex.
 ** SQLite is careful to deallocate every mutex that it allocates.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p );
+static void os2MutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  if( p==0 ) return;
   assert( p->nRef==0 );
   assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
   DosCloseMutexSem( p->mutex );
   sqlite3_free( p );
 }
@@ -13137,28 +13867,28 @@
 ** be entered multiple times by the same thread.  In such cases the,
 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
 ** can enter.  If the same thread tries to enter any other kind of mutex
 ** more than once, the behavior is undefined.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+static void os2MutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   TID tid;
   PID holder1;
   ULONG holder2;
-  assert( p );
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || sqlite3_mutex_notheld(p) );
+  if( p==0 ) return;
+  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || os2MutexNotheld(p) );
   DosRequestMutexSem(p->mutex, SEM_INDEFINITE_WAIT);
   DosQueryMutexSem(p->mutex, &holder1, &tid, &holder2);
   p->owner = tid;
   p->nRef++;
 }
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+static int os2MutexTry(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   int rc;
   TID tid;
   PID holder1;
   ULONG holder2;
-  assert( p );
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || sqlite3_mutex_notheld(p) );
+  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
+  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || os2MutexNotheld(p) );
   if( DosRequestMutexSem(p->mutex, SEM_IMMEDIATE_RETURN) == NO_ERROR) {
     DosQueryMutexSem(p->mutex, &holder1, &tid, &holder2);
     p->owner = tid;
     p->nRef++;
     rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -13173,27 +13903,29 @@
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
 ** previously entered by the same thread.  The behavior
 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered or
 ** is not currently allocated.  SQLite will never do either.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+static void os2MutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   TID tid;
   PID holder1;
   ULONG holder2;
+  if( p==0 ) return;
   assert( p->nRef>0 );
   DosQueryMutexSem(p->mutex, &holder1, &tid, &holder2);
   assert( p->owner==tid );
   p->nRef--;
   assert( p->nRef==0 || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
   DosReleaseMutexSem(p->mutex);
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 /*
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
 ** intended for use inside assert() statements.
 */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+static int os2MutexHeld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   TID tid;
   PID pid;
   ULONG ulCount;
   PTIB ptib;
   if( p!=0 ) {
@@ -13202,11 +13934,11 @@
     DosGetInfoBlocks(&ptib, NULL);
     tid = ptib->tib_ptib2->tib2_ultid;
   }
   return p==0 || (p->nRef!=0 && p->owner==tid);
 }
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+static int os2MutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   TID tid;
   PID pid;
   ULONG ulCount;
   PTIB ptib;
   if( p!= 0 ) {
@@ -13214,10 +13946,29 @@
   } else {
     DosGetInfoBlocks(&ptib, NULL);
     tid = ptib->tib_ptib2->tib2_ultid;
   }
   return p==0 || p->nRef==0 || p->owner!=tid;
+}
+#endif
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
+  static sqlite3_mutex_methods sMutex = {
+    os2MutexInit,
+    os2MutexEnd,
+    os2MutexAlloc,
+    os2MutexFree,
+    os2MutexEnter,
+    os2MutexTry,
+    os2MutexLeave,
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    os2MutexHeld,
+    os2MutexNotheld
+#endif
+  };
+
+  return &sMutex;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2 */
 
 /************** End of mutex_os2.c *******************************************/
 /************** Begin file mutex_unix.c **************************************/
@@ -13232,11 +13983,11 @@
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains the C functions that implement mutexes for pthreads
 **
-** $Id: mutex_unix.c,v 1.7 2008/03/29 12:47:27 rse Exp $
+** $Id: mutex_unix.c,v 1.12 2008/06/19 16:07:07 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** The code in this file is only used if we are compiling threadsafe
 ** under unix with pthreads.
@@ -13264,10 +14015,41 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 #define SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0, 0, (pthread_t)0, 0 }
 #else
 #define SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0, 0, (pthread_t)0 }
 #endif
+
+/*
+** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
+** intended for use only inside assert() statements.  On some platforms,
+** there might be race conditions that can cause these routines to
+** deliver incorrect results.  In particular, if pthread_equal() is
+** not an atomic operation, then these routines might delivery
+** incorrect results.  On most platforms, pthread_equal() is a
+** comparison of two integers and is therefore atomic.  But we are
+** told that HPUX is not such a platform.  If so, then these routines
+** will not always work correctly on HPUX.
+**
+** On those platforms where pthread_equal() is not atomic, SQLite
+** should be compiled without -DSQLITE_DEBUG and with -DNDEBUG to
+** make sure no assert() statements are evaluated and hence these
+** routines are never called.
+*/
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+static int pthreadMutexHeld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  return (p->nRef!=0 && pthread_equal(p->owner, pthread_self()));
+}
+static int pthreadMutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  return p->nRef==0 || pthread_equal(p->owner, pthread_self())==0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Initialize and deinitialize the mutex subsystem.
+*/
+static int pthreadMutexInit(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
+static int pthreadMutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
 
 /*
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it.  If it returns NULL
 ** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  SQLite
@@ -13306,11 +14088,11 @@
 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  But for the static
 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
 ** the same type number.
 */
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int iType){
+static sqlite3_mutex *pthreadMutexAlloc(int iType){
   static sqlite3_mutex staticMutexes[] = {
     SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
     SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
     SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
     SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
@@ -13361,12 +14143,11 @@
 /*
 ** This routine deallocates a previously
 ** allocated mutex.  SQLite is careful to deallocate every
 ** mutex that it allocates.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p );
+static void pthreadMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   assert( p->nRef==0 );
   assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
   pthread_mutex_destroy(&p->mutex);
   sqlite3_free(p);
 }
@@ -13380,13 +14161,12 @@
 ** be entered multiple times by the same thread.  In such cases the,
 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
 ** can enter.  If the same thread tries to enter any other kind of mutex
 ** more than once, the behavior is undefined.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p );
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || sqlite3_mutex_notheld(p) );
+static void pthreadMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || pthreadMutexNotheld(p) );
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX
   /* If recursive mutexes are not available, then we have to grow
   ** our own.  This implementation assumes that pthread_equal()
   ** is atomic - that it cannot be deceived into thinking self
@@ -13420,14 +14200,13 @@
   if( p->trace ){
     printf("enter mutex %p (%d) with nRef=%d\n", p, p->trace, p->nRef);
   }
 #endif
 }
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  int rc;
-  assert( p );
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || sqlite3_mutex_notheld(p) );
+static int pthreadMutexTry(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  int rc;
+  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || pthreadMutexNotheld(p) );
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX
   /* If recursive mutexes are not available, then we have to grow
   ** our own.  This implementation assumes that pthread_equal()
   ** is atomic - that it cannot be deceived into thinking self
@@ -13476,13 +14255,12 @@
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
 ** previously entered by the same thread.  The behavior
 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered or
 ** is not currently allocated.  SQLite will never do either.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p) );
+static void pthreadMutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  assert( pthreadMutexHeld(p) );
   p->nRef--;
   assert( p->nRef==0 || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX
   if( p->nRef==0 ){
@@ -13497,34 +14275,28 @@
     printf("leave mutex %p (%d) with nRef=%d\n", p, p->trace, p->nRef);
   }
 #endif
 }
 
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
-** intended for use only inside assert() statements.  On some platforms,
-** there might be race conditions that can cause these routines to
-** deliver incorrect results.  In particular, if pthread_equal() is
-** not an atomic operation, then these routines might delivery
-** incorrect results.  On most platforms, pthread_equal() is a
-** comparison of two integers and is therefore atomic.  But we are
-** told that HPUX is not such a platform.  If so, then these routines
-** will not always work correctly on HPUX.
-**
-** On those platforms where pthread_equal() is not atomic, SQLite
-** should be compiled without -DSQLITE_DEBUG and with -DNDEBUG to
-** make sure no assert() statements are evaluated and hence these
-** routines are never called.
-*/
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return p==0 || (p->nRef!=0 && pthread_equal(p->owner, pthread_self()));
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return p==0 || p->nRef==0 || pthread_equal(p->owner, pthread_self())==0;
-}
-#endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
+  static sqlite3_mutex_methods sMutex = {
+    pthreadMutexInit,
+    pthreadMutexEnd,
+    pthreadMutexAlloc,
+    pthreadMutexFree,
+    pthreadMutexEnter,
+    pthreadMutexTry,
+    pthreadMutexLeave,
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    pthreadMutexHeld,
+    pthreadMutexNotheld
+#endif
+  };
+
+  return &sMutex;
+}
+
 #endif /* SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD */
 
 /************** End of mutex_unix.c ******************************************/
 /************** Begin file mutex_w32.c ***************************************/
 /*
@@ -13538,11 +14310,11 @@
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains the C functions that implement mutexes for win32
 **
-** $Id: mutex_w32.c,v 1.6 2008/03/26 18:34:43 danielk1977 Exp $
+** $Id: mutex_w32.c,v 1.11 2008/06/26 10:41:19 danielk1977 Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** The code in this file is only used if we are compiling multithreaded
 ** on a win32 system.
@@ -13568,11 +14340,11 @@
 ** API as long as we don't call it win running Win95/98/ME.  A call to
 ** this routine is used to determine if the host is Win95/98/ME or
 ** WinNT/2K/XP so that we will know whether or not we can safely call
 ** the LockFileEx() API.
 */
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
 # define mutexIsNT()  (1)
 #else
   static int mutexIsNT(void){
     static int osType = 0;
     if( osType==0 ){
@@ -13581,12 +14353,32 @@
       GetVersionEx(&sInfo);
       osType = sInfo.dwPlatformId==VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT ? 2 : 1;
     }
     return osType==2;
   }
-#endif /* OS_WINCE */
-
+#endif /* SQLITE_OS_WINCE */
+
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+/*
+** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
+** intended for use only inside assert() statements.
+*/
+static int winMutexHeld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  return p->nRef!=0 && p->owner==GetCurrentThreadId();
+}
+static int winMutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  return p->nRef==0 || p->owner!=GetCurrentThreadId();
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Initialize and deinitialize the mutex subsystem.
+*/
+static int winMutexInit(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
+static int winMutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
 
 /*
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it.  If it returns NULL
 ** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  SQLite
@@ -13623,11 +14415,11 @@
 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  But for the static
 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
 ** the same type number.
 */
-SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int iType){
+static sqlite3_mutex *winMutexAlloc(int iType){
   sqlite3_mutex *p;
 
   switch( iType ){
     case SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST:
     case SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE: {
@@ -13667,11 +14459,11 @@
 /*
 ** This routine deallocates a previously
 ** allocated mutex.  SQLite is careful to deallocate every
 ** mutex that it allocates.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+static void winMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   assert( p );
   assert( p->nRef==0 );
   assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
   DeleteCriticalSection(&p->mutex);
   sqlite3_free(p);
@@ -13686,21 +14478,19 @@
 ** be entered multiple times by the same thread.  In such cases the,
 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
 ** can enter.  If the same thread tries to enter any other kind of mutex
 ** more than once, the behavior is undefined.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  assert( p );
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || sqlite3_mutex_notheld(p) );
+static void winMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || winMutexNotheld(p) );
   EnterCriticalSection(&p->mutex);
   p->owner = GetCurrentThreadId();
   p->nRef++;
 }
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+static int winMutexTry(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   int rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  assert( p );
-  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || sqlite3_mutex_notheld(p) );
+  assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE || winMutexNotheld(p) );
   /*
   ** The sqlite3_mutex_try() routine is very rarely used, and when it
   ** is used it is merely an optimization.  So it is OK for it to always
   ** fail.
   **
@@ -13724,27 +14514,34 @@
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
 ** previously entered by the same thread.  The behavior
 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered or
 ** is not currently allocated.  SQLite will never do either.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+static void winMutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   assert( p->nRef>0 );
   assert( p->owner==GetCurrentThreadId() );
   p->nRef--;
   assert( p->nRef==0 || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
   LeaveCriticalSection(&p->mutex);
 }
 
-/*
-** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routine are
-** intended for use only inside assert() statements.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return p==0 || (p->nRef!=0 && p->owner==GetCurrentThreadId());
-}
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
-  return p==0 || p->nRef==0 || p->owner!=GetCurrentThreadId();
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
+  static sqlite3_mutex_methods sMutex = {
+    winMutexInit,
+    winMutexEnd,
+    winMutexAlloc,
+    winMutexFree,
+    winMutexEnter,
+    winMutexTry,
+    winMutexLeave,
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    winMutexHeld,
+    winMutexNotheld
+#endif
+  };
+
+  return &sMutex;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 */
 
 /************** End of mutex_w32.c *******************************************/
 /************** Begin file malloc.c ******************************************/
@@ -13757,14 +14554,14 @@
 **    May you do good and not evil.
 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
+**
 ** Memory allocation functions used throughout sqlite.
 **
-**
-** $Id: malloc.c,v 1.15 2008/03/26 18:34:43 danielk1977 Exp $
+** $Id: malloc.c,v 1.28 2008/07/14 12:38:21 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** This routine runs when the memory allocator sees that the
 ** total memory allocation is about to exceed the soft heap
@@ -13777,21 +14574,22 @@
 ){
   sqlite3_release_memory(allocSize);
 }
 
 /*
-** Set the soft heap-size limit for the current thread. Passing a
-** zero or negative value indicates no limit.
+** Set the soft heap-size limit for the library. Passing a zero or
+** negative value indicates no limit.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int n){
   sqlite3_uint64 iLimit;
   int overage;
   if( n<0 ){
     iLimit = 0;
   }else{
     iLimit = n;
   }
+  sqlite3_initialize();
   if( iLimit>0 ){
     sqlite3_memory_alarm(softHeapLimitEnforcer, 0, iLimit);
   }else{
     sqlite3_memory_alarm(0, 0, 0);
   }
@@ -13800,11 +14598,13 @@
     sqlite3_release_memory(overage);
   }
 }
 
 /*
-** Release memory held by SQLite instances created by the current thread.
+** Attempt to release up to n bytes of non-essential memory currently
+** held by SQLite. An example of non-essential memory is memory used to
+** cache database pages that are not currently in use.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int n){
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
   int nRet = sqlite3VdbeReleaseMemory(n);
   nRet += sqlite3PagerReleaseMemory(n-nRet);
@@ -13812,16 +14612,471 @@
 #else
   return SQLITE_OK;
 #endif
 }
 
+/*
+** State information local to the memory allocation subsystem.
+*/
+static struct {
+  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Mutex to serialize access */
+
+  /*
+  ** The alarm callback and its arguments.  The mem0.mutex lock will
+  ** be held while the callback is running.  Recursive calls into
+  ** the memory subsystem are allowed, but no new callbacks will be
+  ** issued.  The alarmBusy variable is set to prevent recursive
+  ** callbacks.
+  */
+  sqlite3_int64 alarmThreshold;
+  void (*alarmCallback)(void*, sqlite3_int64,int);
+  void *alarmArg;
+  int alarmBusy;
+
+  /*
+  ** Pointers to the end of sqlite3Config.pScratch and
+  ** sqlite3Config.pPage to a block of memory that records
+  ** which pages are available.
+  */
+  u32 *aScratchFree;
+  u32 *aPageFree;
+
+  /* Number of free pages for scratch and page-cache memory */
+  u32 nScratchFree;
+  u32 nPageFree;
+} mem0;
+
+/*
+** Initialize the memory allocation subsystem.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocInit(void){
+  if( sqlite3Config.m.xMalloc==0 ){
+    sqlite3MemSetDefault();
+  }
+  memset(&mem0, 0, sizeof(mem0));
+  if( sqlite3Config.bCoreMutex ){
+    mem0.mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
+  }
+  if( sqlite3Config.pScratch && sqlite3Config.szScratch>=3000
+      && sqlite3Config.nScratch>0 ){
+    int i;
+    mem0.aScratchFree = (u32*)&((char*)sqlite3Config.pScratch)
+                  [sqlite3Config.szScratch*sqlite3Config.nScratch];
+    for(i=0; i<sqlite3Config.nScratch; i++){ mem0.aScratchFree[i] = i; }
+    mem0.nScratchFree = sqlite3Config.nScratch;
+  }else{
+    sqlite3Config.pScratch = 0;
+    sqlite3Config.szScratch = 0;
+  }
+  if( sqlite3Config.pPage && sqlite3Config.szPage>=512
+      && sqlite3Config.nPage>0 ){
+    int i;
+    mem0.aPageFree = (u32*)&((char*)sqlite3Config.pPage)
+                  [sqlite3Config.szPage*sqlite3Config.nPage];
+    for(i=0; i<sqlite3Config.nPage; i++){ mem0.aPageFree[i] = i; }
+    mem0.nPageFree = sqlite3Config.nPage;
+  }else{
+    sqlite3Config.pPage = 0;
+    sqlite3Config.szPage = 0;
+  }
+  return sqlite3Config.m.xInit(sqlite3Config.m.pAppData);
+}
+
+/*
+** Deinitialize the memory allocation subsystem.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MallocEnd(void){
+  sqlite3Config.m.xShutdown(sqlite3Config.m.pAppData);
+  memset(&mem0, 0, sizeof(mem0));
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the amount of memory currently checked out.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void){
+  int n, mx;
+  sqlite3_int64 res;
+  sqlite3_status(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, &n, &mx, 0);
+  res = (sqlite3_int64)n;  /* Work around bug in Borland C. Ticket #3216 */
+  return res;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the maximum amount of memory that has ever been
+** checked out since either the beginning of this process
+** or since the most recent reset.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag){
+  int n, mx;
+  sqlite3_int64 res;
+  sqlite3_status(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, &n, &mx, resetFlag);
+  res = (sqlite3_int64)mx;  /* Work around bug in Borland C. Ticket #3216 */
+  return res;
+}
+
+/*
+** Change the alarm callback
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_memory_alarm(
+  void(*xCallback)(void *pArg, sqlite3_int64 used,int N),
+  void *pArg,
+  sqlite3_int64 iThreshold
+){
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+  mem0.alarmCallback = xCallback;
+  mem0.alarmArg = pArg;
+  mem0.alarmThreshold = iThreshold;
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Trigger the alarm
+*/
+static void sqlite3MallocAlarm(int nByte){
+  void (*xCallback)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int);
+  sqlite3_int64 nowUsed;
+  void *pArg;
+  if( mem0.alarmCallback==0 || mem0.alarmBusy  ) return;
+  mem0.alarmBusy = 1;
+  xCallback = mem0.alarmCallback;
+  nowUsed = sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED);
+  pArg = mem0.alarmArg;
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+  xCallback(pArg, nowUsed, nByte);
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+  mem0.alarmBusy = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Do a memory allocation with statistics and alarms.  Assume the
+** lock is already held.
+*/
+static int mallocWithAlarm(int n, void **pp){
+  int nFull;
+  void *p;
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem0.mutex) );
+  nFull = sqlite3Config.m.xRoundup(n);
+  sqlite3StatusSet(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE, n);
+  if( mem0.alarmCallback!=0 ){
+    int nUsed = sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED);
+    if( nUsed+nFull >= mem0.alarmThreshold ){
+      sqlite3MallocAlarm(nFull);
+    }
+  }
+  p = sqlite3Config.m.xMalloc(nFull);
+  if( p==0 && mem0.alarmCallback ){
+    sqlite3MallocAlarm(nFull);
+    p = sqlite3Config.m.xMalloc(nFull);
+  }
+  if( p ) sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, nFull);
+  *pp = p;
+  return nFull;
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate memory.  This routine is like sqlite3_malloc() except that it
+** assumes the memory subsystem has already been initialized.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Malloc(int n){
+  void *p;
+  if( n<=0 ){
+    p = 0;
+  }else if( sqlite3Config.bMemstat ){
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+    mallocWithAlarm(n, &p);
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+  }else{
+    p = sqlite3Config.m.xMalloc(n);
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+
+/*
+** This version of the memory allocation is for use by the application.
+** First make sure the memory subsystem is initialized, then do the
+** allocation.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int n){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
+#endif
+  return sqlite3Malloc(n);
+}
+
+/*
+** Each thread may only have a single outstanding allocation from
+** xScratchMalloc().  We verify this constraint in the single-threaded
+** case by setting scratchAllocOut to 1 when an allocation
+** is outstanding clearing it when the allocation is freed.
+*/
+#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
+static int scratchAllocOut = 0;
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Allocate memory that is to be used and released right away.
+** This routine is similar to alloca() in that it is not intended
+** for situations where the memory might be held long-term.  This
+** routine is intended to get memory to old large transient data
+** structures that would not normally fit on the stack of an
+** embedded processor.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int n){
+  void *p;
+  assert( n>0 );
+
+#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
+  /* Verify that no more than one scratch allocation per thread
+  ** is outstanding at one time.  (This is only checked in the
+  ** single-threaded case since checking in the multi-threaded case
+  ** would be much more complicated.) */
+  assert( scratchAllocOut==0 );
+#endif
+
+  if( sqlite3Config.szScratch<n ){
+    goto scratch_overflow;
+  }else{
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+    if( mem0.nScratchFree==0 ){
+      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+      goto scratch_overflow;
+    }else{
+      int i;
+      i = mem0.aScratchFree[--mem0.nScratchFree];
+      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+      i *= sqlite3Config.szScratch;
+      sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED, 1);
+      p = (void*)&((char*)sqlite3Config.pScratch)[i];
+    }
+  }
+#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
+  scratchAllocOut = p!=0;
+#endif
+
+  return p;
+
+scratch_overflow:
+  if( sqlite3Config.bMemstat ){
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+    n = mallocWithAlarm(n, &p);
+    if( p ) sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW, n);
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+  }else{
+    p = sqlite3Config.m.xMalloc(n);
+  }
+#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
+  scratchAllocOut = p!=0;
+#endif
+  return p;
+}
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ScratchFree(void *p){
+  if( p ){
+
+#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
+    /* Verify that no more than one scratch allocation per thread
+    ** is outstanding at one time.  (This is only checked in the
+    ** single-threaded case since checking in the multi-threaded case
+    ** would be much more complicated.) */
+    assert( scratchAllocOut==1 );
+    scratchAllocOut = 0;
+#endif
+
+    if( sqlite3Config.pScratch==0
+           || p<sqlite3Config.pScratch
+           || p>=(void*)mem0.aScratchFree ){
+      if( sqlite3Config.bMemstat ){
+        int iSize = sqlite3MallocSize(p);
+        sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+        sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW, -iSize);
+        sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, -iSize);
+        sqlite3Config.m.xFree(p);
+        sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3Config.m.xFree(p);
+      }
+    }else{
+      int i;
+      i = (u8 *)p - (u8 *)sqlite3Config.pScratch;
+      i /= sqlite3Config.szScratch;
+      assert( i>=0 && i<sqlite3Config.nScratch );
+      sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+      assert( mem0.nScratchFree<sqlite3Config.nScratch );
+      mem0.aScratchFree[mem0.nScratchFree++] = i;
+      sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED, -1);
+      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate memory to be used by the page cache.  Make use of the
+** memory buffer provided by SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE if there is one
+** and that memory is of the right size and is not completely
+** consumed.  Otherwise, failover to sqlite3Malloc().
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int n){
+  void *p;
+  assert( n>0 );
+  assert( (n & (n-1))==0 );
+  assert( n>=512 && n<=32768 );
+
+  if( sqlite3Config.szPage<n ){
+    goto page_overflow;
+  }else{
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+    if( mem0.nPageFree==0 ){
+      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+      goto page_overflow;
+    }else{
+      int i;
+      i = mem0.aPageFree[--mem0.nPageFree];
+      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+      i *= sqlite3Config.szPage;
+      sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED, 1);
+      p = (void*)&((char*)sqlite3Config.pPage)[i];
+    }
+  }
+  return p;
+
+page_overflow:
+  if( sqlite3Config.bMemstat ){
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+    n = mallocWithAlarm(n, &p);
+    if( p ) sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW, n);
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+  }else{
+    p = sqlite3Config.m.xMalloc(n);
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PageFree(void *p){
+  if( p ){
+    if( sqlite3Config.pPage==0
+           || p<sqlite3Config.pPage
+           || p>=(void*)mem0.aPageFree ){
+      /* In this case, the page allocation was obtained from a regular
+      ** call to sqlite3_mem_methods.xMalloc() (a page-cache-memory
+      ** "overflow"). Free the block with sqlite3_mem_methods.xFree().
+      */
+      if( sqlite3Config.bMemstat ){
+        int iSize = sqlite3MallocSize(p);
+        sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+        sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW, -iSize);
+        sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, -iSize);
+        sqlite3Config.m.xFree(p);
+        sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3Config.m.xFree(p);
+      }
+    }else{
+      /* The page allocation was allocated from the sqlite3Config.pPage
+      ** buffer. In this case all that is add the index of the page in
+      ** the sqlite3Config.pPage array to the set of free indexes stored
+      ** in the mem0.aPageFree[] array.
+      */
+      int i;
+      i = (u8 *)p - (u8 *)sqlite3Config.pPage;
+      i /= sqlite3Config.szPage;
+      assert( i>=0 && i<sqlite3Config.nPage );
+      sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+      assert( mem0.nPageFree<sqlite3Config.nPage );
+      mem0.aPageFree[mem0.nPageFree++] = i;
+      sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED, -1);
+      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+      /* Assert that a duplicate was not just inserted into aPageFree[]. */
+      for(i=0; i<mem0.nPageFree-1; i++){
+        assert( mem0.aPageFree[i]!=mem0.aPageFree[mem0.nPageFree-1] );
+      }
+#endif
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the size of a memory allocation previously obtained from
+** sqlite3Malloc() or sqlite3_malloc().
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocSize(void *p){
+  return sqlite3Config.m.xSize(p);
+}
+
+/*
+** Free memory previously obtained from sqlite3Malloc().
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void *p){
+  if( p==0 ) return;
+  if( sqlite3Config.bMemstat ){
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+    sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, -sqlite3MallocSize(p));
+    sqlite3Config.m.xFree(p);
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3Config.m.xFree(p);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Change the size of an existing memory allocation
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Realloc(void *pOld, int nBytes){
+  int nOld, nNew;
+  void *pNew;
+  if( pOld==0 ){
+    return sqlite3Malloc(nBytes);
+  }
+  if( nBytes<=0 ){
+    sqlite3_free(pOld);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  nOld = sqlite3MallocSize(pOld);
+  if( sqlite3Config.bMemstat ){
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+    sqlite3StatusSet(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE, nBytes);
+    nNew = sqlite3Config.m.xRoundup(nBytes);
+    if( nOld==nNew ){
+      pNew = pOld;
+    }else{
+      if( sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED)+nNew-nOld >=
+            mem0.alarmThreshold ){
+        sqlite3MallocAlarm(nNew-nOld);
+      }
+      pNew = sqlite3Config.m.xRealloc(pOld, nNew);
+      if( pNew==0 && mem0.alarmCallback ){
+        sqlite3MallocAlarm(nBytes);
+        pNew = sqlite3Config.m.xRealloc(pOld, nNew);
+      }
+      if( pNew ){
+        sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, nNew-nOld);
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+  }else{
+    pNew = sqlite3Config.m.xRealloc(pOld, nBytes);
+  }
+  return pNew;
+}
+
+/*
+** The public interface to sqlite3Realloc.  Make sure that the memory
+** subsystem is initialized prior to invoking sqliteRealloc.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void *pOld, int n){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
+#endif
+  return sqlite3Realloc(pOld, n);
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** Allocate and zero memory.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3MallocZero(unsigned n){
-  void *p = sqlite3_malloc(n);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3MallocZero(int n){
+  void *p = sqlite3Malloc(n);
   if( p ){
     memset(p, 0, n);
   }
   return p;
 }
@@ -13828,11 +15083,11 @@
 
 /*
 ** Allocate and zero memory.  If the allocation fails, make
 ** the mallocFailed flag in the connection pointer.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3 *db, unsigned n){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3 *db, int n){
   void *p = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, n);
   if( p ){
     memset(p, 0, n);
   }
   return p;
@@ -13840,14 +15095,14 @@
 
 /*
 ** Allocate and zero memory.  If the allocation fails, make
 ** the mallocFailed flag in the connection pointer.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3 *db, unsigned n){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3 *db, int n){
   void *p = 0;
   if( !db || db->mallocFailed==0 ){
-    p = sqlite3_malloc(n);
+    p = sqlite3Malloc(n);
     if( !p && db ){
       db->mallocFailed = 1;
     }
   }
   return p;
@@ -13891,18 +15146,18 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrDup(const char *z){
   char *zNew;
   int n;
   if( z==0 ) return 0;
   n = strlen(z)+1;
-  zNew = sqlite3_malloc(n);
+  zNew = sqlite3Malloc(n);
   if( zNew ) memcpy(zNew, z, n);
   return zNew;
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrNDup(const char *z, int n){
   char *zNew;
   if( z==0 ) return 0;
-  zNew = sqlite3_malloc(n+1);
+  zNew = sqlite3Malloc(n+1);
   if( zNew ){
     memcpy(zNew, z, n);
     zNew[n] = 0;
   }
   return zNew;
@@ -13922,43 +15177,23 @@
   }
   return zNew;
 }
 
 /*
-** Create a string from the 2nd and subsequent arguments (up to the
-** first NULL argument), store the string in memory obtained from
-** sqliteMalloc() and make the pointer indicated by the 1st argument
-** point to that string.  The 1st argument must either be NULL or
-** point to memory obtained from sqliteMalloc().
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **pz, ...){
+** Create a string from the zFromat argument and the va_list that follows.
+** Store the string in memory obtained from sqliteMalloc() and make *pz
+** point to that string.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **pz, sqlite3 *db, const char *zFormat, ...){
   va_list ap;
-  int nByte;
-  const char *z;
-  char *zResult;
-
-  assert( pz!=0 );
-  nByte = 1;
-  va_start(ap, pz);
-  while( (z = va_arg(ap, const char*))!=0 ){
-    nByte += strlen(z);
-  }
+  char *z;
+
+  va_start(ap, zFormat);
+  z = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
   sqlite3_free(*pz);
-  *pz = zResult = sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
-  if( zResult==0 ){
-    return;
-  }
-  *zResult = 0;
-  va_start(ap, pz);
-  while( (z = va_arg(ap, const char*))!=0 ){
-    int n = strlen(z);
-    memcpy(zResult, z, n);
-    zResult += n;
-  }
-  zResult[0] = 0;
-  va_end(ap);
+  *pz = z;
 }
 
 
 /*
 ** This function must be called before exiting any API function (i.e.
@@ -13993,10 +15228,12 @@
 ** The "printf" code that follows dates from the 1980's.  It is in
 ** the public domain.  The original comments are included here for
 ** completeness.  They are very out-of-date but might be useful as
 ** an historical reference.  Most of the "enhancements" have been backed
 ** out so that the functionality is now the same as standard printf().
+**
+** $Id: printf.c,v 1.92 2008/07/15 00:27:35 drh Exp $
 **
 **************************************************************************
 **
 ** The following modules is an enhanced replacement for the "printf" subroutines
 ** found in the standard C library.  The following enhancements are
@@ -14054,19 +15291,18 @@
 #define etSTRING      6 /* Strings. %s */
 #define etDYNSTRING   7 /* Dynamically allocated strings. %z */
 #define etPERCENT     8 /* Percent symbol. %% */
 #define etCHARX       9 /* Characters. %c */
 /* The rest are extensions, not normally found in printf() */
-#define etCHARLIT    10 /* Literal characters.  %' */
-#define etSQLESCAPE  11 /* Strings with '\'' doubled.  %q */
-#define etSQLESCAPE2 12 /* Strings with '\'' doubled and enclosed in '',
+#define etSQLESCAPE  10 /* Strings with '\'' doubled.  %q */
+#define etSQLESCAPE2 11 /* Strings with '\'' doubled and enclosed in '',
                           NULL pointers replaced by SQL NULL.  %Q */
-#define etTOKEN      13 /* a pointer to a Token structure */
-#define etSRCLIST    14 /* a pointer to a SrcList */
-#define etPOINTER    15 /* The %p conversion */
-#define etSQLESCAPE3 16 /* %w -> Strings with '\"' doubled */
-#define etORDINAL    17 /* %r -> 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.  English only */
+#define etTOKEN      12 /* a pointer to a Token structure */
+#define etSRCLIST    13 /* a pointer to a SrcList */
+#define etPOINTER    14 /* The %p conversion */
+#define etSQLESCAPE3 15 /* %w -> Strings with '\"' doubled */
+#define etORDINAL    16 /* %r -> 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.  English only */
 
 
 /*
 ** An "etByte" is an 8-bit unsigned value.
 */
@@ -14207,11 +15443,11 @@
 **
 ** Note that the order in which automatic variables are declared below
 ** seems to make a big difference in determining how fast this beast
 ** will run.
 */
-static void vxprintf(
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VXPrintf(
   StrAccum *pAccum,                  /* Accumulate results here */
   int useExtended,                   /* Allow extended %-conversions */
   const char *fmt,                   /* Format string */
   va_list ap                         /* arguments */
 ){
@@ -14430,13 +15666,11 @@
         if( prefix ) *(--bufpt) = prefix;               /* Add sign */
         if( flag_alternateform && infop->prefix ){      /* Add "0" or "0x" */
           const char *pre;
           char x;
           pre = &aPrefix[infop->prefix];
-          if( *bufpt!=pre[0] ){
-            for(; (x=(*pre))!=0; pre++) *(--bufpt) = x;
-          }
+          for(; (x=(*pre))!=0; pre++) *(--bufpt) = x;
         }
         length = &buf[etBUFSIZE-1]-bufpt;
         break;
       case etFLOAT:
       case etEXP:
@@ -14471,13 +15705,13 @@
         }
         if( realvalue>0.0 ){
           while( realvalue>=1e32 && exp<=350 ){ realvalue *= 1e-32; exp+=32; }
           while( realvalue>=1e8 && exp<=350 ){ realvalue *= 1e-8; exp+=8; }
           while( realvalue>=10.0 && exp<=350 ){ realvalue *= 0.1; exp++; }
-          while( realvalue<1e-8 && exp>=-350 ){ realvalue *= 1e8; exp-=8; }
-          while( realvalue<1.0 && exp>=-350 ){ realvalue *= 10.0; exp--; }
-          if( exp>350 || exp<-350 ){
+          while( realvalue<1e-8 ){ realvalue *= 1e8; exp-=8; }
+          while( realvalue<1.0 ){ realvalue *= 10.0; exp--; }
+          if( exp>350 ){
             if( prefix=='-' ){
               bufpt = "-Inf";
             }else if( prefix=='+' ){
               bufpt = "+Inf";
             }else{
@@ -14531,11 +15765,12 @@
         if( flag_dp ){
           *(bufpt++) = '.';
         }
         /* "0" digits after the decimal point but before the first
         ** significant digit of the number */
-        for(e2++; e2<0 && precision>0; precision--, e2++){
+        for(e2++; e2<0; precision--, e2++){
+          assert( precision>0 );
           *(bufpt++) = '0';
         }
         /* Significant digits after the decimal point */
         while( (precision--)>0 ){
           *(bufpt++) = et_getdigit(&realvalue,&nsd);
@@ -14551,11 +15786,11 @@
               *(--bufpt) = 0;
             }
           }
         }
         /* Add the "eNNN" suffix */
-        if( flag_exp || (xtype==etEXP && exp) ){
+        if( flag_exp || xtype==etEXP ){
           *(bufpt++) = aDigits[infop->charset];
           if( exp<0 ){
             *(bufpt++) = '-'; exp = -exp;
           }else{
             *(bufpt++) = '+';
@@ -14596,13 +15831,12 @@
       case etPERCENT:
         buf[0] = '%';
         bufpt = buf;
         length = 1;
         break;
-      case etCHARLIT:
       case etCHARX:
-        c = buf[0] = (xtype==etCHARX ? va_arg(ap,int) : *++fmt);
+        c = buf[0] = va_arg(ap,int);
         if( precision>=0 ){
           for(idx=1; idx<precision; idx++) buf[idx] = c;
           length = precision;
         }else{
           length =1;
@@ -14636,11 +15870,11 @@
           if( ch==q )  n++;
         }
         needQuote = !isnull && xtype==etSQLESCAPE2;
         n += i + 1 + needQuote*2;
         if( n>etBUFSIZE ){
-          bufpt = zExtra = sqlite3_malloc( n );
+          bufpt = zExtra = sqlite3Malloc( n );
           if( bufpt==0 ) return;
         }else{
           bufpt = buf;
         }
         j = 0;
@@ -14656,11 +15890,11 @@
         /* if( precision>=0 && precision<length ) length = precision; */
         break;
       }
       case etTOKEN: {
         Token *pToken = va_arg(ap, Token*);
-        if( pToken && pToken->z ){
+        if( pToken ){
           sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, (const char*)pToken->z, pToken->n);
         }
         length = width = 0;
         break;
       }
@@ -14667,11 +15901,11 @@
       case etSRCLIST: {
         SrcList *pSrc = va_arg(ap, SrcList*);
         int k = va_arg(ap, int);
         struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pSrc->a[k];
         assert( k>=0 && k<pSrc->nSrc );
-        if( pItem->zDatabase && pItem->zDatabase[0] ){
+        if( pItem->zDatabase ){
           sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, pItem->zDatabase, -1);
           sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, ".", 1);
         }
         sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, pItem->zName, -1);
         length = width = 0;
@@ -14726,23 +15960,20 @@
       N = p->nAlloc - p->nChar - 1;
       if( N<=0 ){
         return;
       }
     }else{
-      i64 szNew = p->nAlloc;
+      i64 szNew = p->nChar;
       szNew += N + 1;
       if( szNew > p->mxAlloc ){
-        p->nAlloc = p->mxAlloc;
-        if( ((i64)p->nChar)+((i64)N) >= p->nAlloc ){
-          sqlite3StrAccumReset(p);
-          p->tooBig = 1;
-          return;
-        }
+        sqlite3StrAccumReset(p);
+        p->tooBig = 1;
+        return;
       }else{
         p->nAlloc = szNew;
       }
-      zNew = sqlite3_malloc( p->nAlloc );
+      zNew = sqlite3Malloc( p->nAlloc );
       if( zNew ){
         memcpy(zNew, p->zText, p->nChar);
         sqlite3StrAccumReset(p);
         p->zText = zNew;
       }else{
@@ -14763,11 +15994,11 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum *p){
   if( p->zText ){
     p->zText[p->nChar] = 0;
     if( p->useMalloc && p->zText==p->zBase ){
-      p->zText = sqlite3_malloc( p->nChar+1 );
+      p->zText = sqlite3Malloc( p->nChar+1 );
       if( p->zText ){
         memcpy(p->zText, p->zBase, p->nChar+1);
       }else{
         p->mallocFailed = 1;
       }
@@ -14780,18 +16011,18 @@
 ** Reset an StrAccum string.  Reclaim all malloced memory.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum *p){
   if( p->zText!=p->zBase ){
     sqlite3_free(p->zText);
-    p->zText = 0;
-  }
+  }
+  p->zText = 0;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Initialize a string accumulator
 */
-static void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum *p, char *zBase, int n, int mx){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum *p, char *zBase, int n, int mx){
   p->zText = p->zBase = zBase;
   p->nChar = 0;
   p->nAlloc = n;
   p->mxAlloc = mx;
   p->useMalloc = 1;
@@ -14807,11 +16038,11 @@
   char *z;
   char zBase[SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE];
   StrAccum acc;
   sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, zBase, sizeof(zBase),
                       db ? db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] : SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH);
-  vxprintf(&acc, 1, zFormat, ap);
+  sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, 1, zFormat, ap);
   z = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
   if( acc.mallocFailed && db ){
     db->mallocFailed = 1;
   }
   return z;
@@ -14836,12 +16067,15 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char *zFormat, va_list ap){
   char *z;
   char zBase[SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE];
   StrAccum acc;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
+#endif
   sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, zBase, sizeof(zBase), SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH);
-  vxprintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
+  sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
   z = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
   return z;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -14849,10 +16083,13 @@
 ** %-conversion extensions.
 */
 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char *zFormat, ...){
   va_list ap;
   char *z;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
+#endif
   va_start(ap, zFormat);
   z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
   return z;
 }
@@ -14872,17 +16109,17 @@
     return zBuf;
   }
   sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, zBuf, n, 0);
   acc.useMalloc = 0;
   va_start(ap,zFormat);
-  vxprintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
+  sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
   z = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
   return z;
 }
 
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
 /*
 ** A version of printf() that understands %lld.  Used for debugging.
 ** The printf() built into some versions of windows does not understand %lld
 ** and segfaults if you give it a long long int.
 */
@@ -14891,11 +16128,11 @@
   StrAccum acc;
   char zBuf[500];
   sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, zBuf, sizeof(zBuf), 0);
   acc.useMalloc = 0;
   va_start(ap,zFormat);
-  vxprintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
+  sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
   sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
   fprintf(stdout,"%s", zBuf);
   fflush(stdout);
 }
@@ -14918,11 +16155,11 @@
 ** generator (PRNG) for SQLite.
 **
 ** Random numbers are used by some of the database backends in order
 ** to generate random integer keys for tables or random filenames.
 **
-** $Id: random.c,v 1.23 2008/03/21 16:45:47 drh Exp $
+** $Id: random.c,v 1.25 2008/06/19 01:03:18 drh Exp $
 */
 
 
 /* All threads share a single random number generator.
 ** This structure is the current state of the generator.
@@ -14994,14 +16231,13 @@
 /*
 ** Return N random bytes.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *pBuf){
   unsigned char *zBuf = pBuf;
-  static sqlite3_mutex *mutex = 0;
-  if( mutex==0 ){
-    mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG);
-  }
+#ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
+  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG);
+#endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
   while( N-- ){
     *(zBuf++) = randomByte();
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
@@ -15040,11 +16276,11 @@
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains routines used to translate between UTF-8,
 ** UTF-16, UTF-16BE, and UTF-16LE.
 **
-** $Id: utf.c,v 1.61 2008/03/28 15:44:10 danielk1977 Exp $
+** $Id: utf.c,v 1.62 2008/06/27 18:59:45 mihailim Exp $
 **
 ** Notes on UTF-8:
 **
 **   Byte-0    Byte-1    Byte-2    Byte-3    Value
 **  0xxxxxxx                                 00000000 00000000 0xxxxxxx
@@ -15081,10 +16317,12 @@
 ** This is the header file for information that is private to the
 ** VDBE.  This information used to all be at the top of the single
 ** source code file "vdbe.c".  When that file became too big (over
 ** 6000 lines long) it was split up into several smaller files and
 ** this header information was factored out.
+**
+** $Id: vdbeInt.h,v 1.149 2008/06/25 00:12:41 drh Exp $
 */
 #ifndef _VDBEINT_H_
 #define _VDBEINT_H_
 
 /*
@@ -15376,12 +16614,10 @@
   int pc;                 /* The program counter */
   int rc;                 /* Value to return */
   unsigned uniqueCnt;     /* Used by OP_MakeRecord when P2!=0 */
   int errorAction;        /* Recovery action to do in case of an error */
   int inTempTrans;        /* True if temp database is transactioned */
-  int returnStack[25];    /* Return address stack for OP_Gosub & OP_Return */
-  int returnDepth;        /* Next unused element in returnStack[] */
   int nResColumn;         /* Number of columns in one row of the result set */
   char **azResColumn;     /* Values for one row of result */
   char *zErrMsg;          /* Error message written here */
   Mem *pResultSet;        /* Pointer to an array of results */
   u8 explain;             /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
@@ -15768,11 +17004,11 @@
       while( zIn<zTerm ){
         READ_UTF16LE(zIn, c);
         WRITE_UTF8(z, c);
       }
     }else{
-      /* UTF-16 Little-endian -> UTF-8 */
+      /* UTF-16 Big-endian -> UTF-8 */
       while( zIn<zTerm ){
         READ_UTF16BE(zIn, c);
         WRITE_UTF8(z, c);
       }
     }
@@ -16019,11 +17255,11 @@
 ** Utility functions used throughout sqlite.
 **
 ** This file contains functions for allocating memory, comparing
 ** strings, and stuff like that.
 **
-** $Id: util.c,v 1.229 2008/05/13 16:41:50 drh Exp $
+** $Id: util.c,v 1.238 2008/07/11 16:19:10 drh Exp $
 */
 
 
 /*
 ** Return true if the floating point value is Not a Number.
@@ -16036,12 +17272,30 @@
   **      This option [-ffast-math] should never be turned on by any
   **      -O option since it can result in incorrect output for programs
   **      which depend on an exact implementation of IEEE or ISO
   **      rules/specifications for math functions.
   */
+#ifdef __FAST_MATH__
+# error SQLite will not work correctly with the -ffast-math option of GCC.
+#endif
   volatile double y = x;
-  return x!=y;
+  volatile double z = y;
+  return y!=z;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the length of a string, except do not allow the string length
+** to exceed the SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH setting.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Strlen(sqlite3 *db, const char *z){
+  const char *z2 = z;
+  while( *z2 ){ z2++; }
+  if( z2 > &z[db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ){
+    return db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH];
+  }else{
+    return (int)(z2 - z);
+  }
 }
 
 /*
 ** Set the most recent error code and error string for the sqlite
 ** handle "db". The error code is set to "err_code".
@@ -16152,50 +17406,11 @@
       z[j++] = z[i];
     }
   }
 }
 
-/* An array to map all upper-case characters into their corresponding
-** lower-case character.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[] = {
-#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
-      0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
-     18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
-     36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53,
-     54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 97, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,
-    104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,
-    122, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,
-    108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,
-    126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,
-    144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,
-    162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,
-    180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,
-    198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,
-    216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,
-    234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,
-    252,253,254,255
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
-      0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, /* 0x */
-     16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, /* 1x */
-     32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, /* 2x */
-     48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, /* 3x */
-     64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, /* 4x */
-     80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, /* 5x */
-     96, 97, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,106,107,108,109,110,111, /* 6x */
-    112, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89,122,123,124,125,126,127, /* 7x */
-    128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143, /* 8x */
-    144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,156,159, /* 9x */
-    160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,140,141,142,175, /* Ax */
-    176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191, /* Bx */
-    192,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,202,203,204,205,206,207, /* Cx */
-    208,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,218,219,220,221,222,223, /* Dx */
-    224,225,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,232,203,204,205,206,207, /* Ex */
-    239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,219,220,221,222,255, /* Fx */
-#endif
-};
+/* Convenient short-hand */
 #define UpperToLower sqlite3UpperToLower
 
 /*
 ** Some systems have stricmp().  Others have strcasecmp().  Because
 ** there is no consistency, we will define our own.
@@ -16368,10 +17583,11 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Atoi64(const char *zNum, i64 *pNum){
   i64 v = 0;
   int neg;
   int i, c;
+  const char *zStart;
   while( isspace(*(u8*)zNum) ) zNum++;
   if( *zNum=='-' ){
     neg = 1;
     zNum++;
   }else if( *zNum=='+' ){
@@ -16378,16 +17594,17 @@
     neg = 0;
     zNum++;
   }else{
     neg = 0;
   }
+  zStart = zNum;
   while( zNum[0]=='0' ){ zNum++; } /* Skip over leading zeros. Ticket #2454 */
   for(i=0; (c=zNum[i])>='0' && c<='9'; i++){
     v = v*10 + c - '0';
   }
   *pNum = neg ? -v : v;
-  if( c!=0 || i==0 || i>19 ){
+  if( c!=0 || (i==0 && zStart==zNum) || i>19 ){
     /* zNum is empty or contains non-numeric text or is longer
     ** than 19 digits (thus guaranting that it is too large) */
     return 0;
   }else if( i<19 ){
     /* Less than 19 digits, so we know that it fits in 64 bits */
@@ -16561,20 +17778,20 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *p, u64 *v){
   u32 a,b,s;
 
   a = *p;
-  // a: p0 (unmasked)
+  /* a: p0 (unmasked) */
   if (!(a&0x80))
   {
     *v = a;
     return 1;
   }
 
   p++;
   b = *p;
-  // b: p1 (unmasked)
+  /* b: p1 (unmasked) */
   if (!(b&0x80))
   {
     a &= 0x7f;
     a = a<<7;
     a |= b;
@@ -16583,11 +17800,11 @@
   }
 
   p++;
   a = a<<14;
   a |= *p;
-  // a: p0<<14 | p2 (unmasked)
+  /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (unmasked) */
   if (!(a&0x80))
   {
     a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
     b &= 0x7f;
     b = b<<7;
@@ -16594,65 +17811,65 @@
     a |= b;
     *v = a;
     return 3;
   }
 
-  // CSE1 from below
+  /* CSE1 from below */
   a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
   p++;
   b = b<<14;
   b |= *p;
-  // b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked)
+  /* b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked) */
   if (!(b&0x80))
   {
     b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
-    // moved CSE1 up
-    // a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
+    /* moved CSE1 up */
+    /* a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
     a = a<<7;
     a |= b;
     *v = a;
     return 4;
   }
 
-  // a: p0<<14 | p2 (masked)
-  // b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked)
-  // 1:save off p0<<21 | p1<<14 | p2<<7 | p3 (masked)
-  // moved CSE1 up
-  // a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
+  /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (masked) */
+  /* b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked) */
+  /* 1:save off p0<<21 | p1<<14 | p2<<7 | p3 (masked) */
+  /* moved CSE1 up */
+  /* a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
   b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
   s = a;
-  // s: p0<<14 | p2 (masked)
+  /* s: p0<<14 | p2 (masked) */
 
   p++;
   a = a<<14;
   a |= *p;
-  // a: p0<<28 | p2<<14 | p4 (unmasked)
+  /* a: p0<<28 | p2<<14 | p4 (unmasked) */
   if (!(a&0x80))
   {
-    // we can skip these cause they were (effectively) done above in calc'ing s
-    // a &= (0x7f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
-    // b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
+    /* we can skip these cause they were (effectively) done above in calc'ing s */
+    /* a &= (0x7f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
+    /* b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
     b = b<<7;
     a |= b;
     s = s>>18;
     *v = ((u64)s)<<32 | a;
     return 5;
   }
 
-  // 2:save off p0<<21 | p1<<14 | p2<<7 | p3 (masked)
+  /* 2:save off p0<<21 | p1<<14 | p2<<7 | p3 (masked) */
   s = s<<7;
   s |= b;
-  // s: p0<<21 | p1<<14 | p2<<7 | p3 (masked)
+  /* s: p0<<21 | p1<<14 | p2<<7 | p3 (masked) */
 
   p++;
   b = b<<14;
   b |= *p;
-  // b: p1<<28 | p3<<14 | p5 (unmasked)
+  /* b: p1<<28 | p3<<14 | p5 (unmasked) */
   if (!(b&0x80))
   {
-    // we can skip this cause it was (effectively) done above in calc'ing s
-    // b &= (0x7f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
+    /* we can skip this cause it was (effectively) done above in calc'ing s */
+    /* b &= (0x7f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
     a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
     a = a<<7;
     a |= b;
     s = s>>18;
     *v = ((u64)s)<<32 | a;
@@ -16660,11 +17877,11 @@
   }
 
   p++;
   a = a<<14;
   a |= *p;
-  // a: p2<<28 | p4<<14 | p6 (unmasked)
+  /* a: p2<<28 | p4<<14 | p6 (unmasked) */
   if (!(a&0x80))
   {
     a &= (0x7f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
     b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
     b = b<<7;
@@ -16672,21 +17889,21 @@
     s = s>>11;
     *v = ((u64)s)<<32 | a;
     return 7;
   }
 
-  // CSE2 from below
+  /* CSE2 from below */
   a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
   p++;
   b = b<<14;
   b |= *p;
-  // b: p3<<28 | p5<<14 | p7 (unmasked)
+  /* b: p3<<28 | p5<<14 | p7 (unmasked) */
   if (!(b&0x80))
   {
     b &= (0x7f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
-    // moved CSE2 up
-    // a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
+    /* moved CSE2 up */
+    /* a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
     a = a<<7;
     a |= b;
     s = s>>4;
     *v = ((u64)s)<<32 | a;
     return 8;
@@ -16693,14 +17910,14 @@
   }
 
   p++;
   a = a<<15;
   a |= *p;
-  // a: p4<<29 | p6<<15 | p8 (unmasked)
-
-  // moved CSE2 up
-  // a &= (0x7f<<29)|(0x7f<<15)|(0xff);
+  /* a: p4<<29 | p6<<15 | p8 (unmasked) */
+
+  /* moved CSE2 up */
+  /* a &= (0x7f<<29)|(0x7f<<15)|(0xff); */
   b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
   b = b<<8;
   a |= b;
 
   s = s<<4;
@@ -16723,11 +17940,11 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *p, u32 *v){
   u32 a,b;
 
   a = *p;
-  // a: p0 (unmasked)
+  /* a: p0 (unmasked) */
 #ifndef getVarint32
   if (!(a&0x80))
   {
     *v = a;
     return 1;
@@ -16734,11 +17951,11 @@
   }
 #endif
 
   p++;
   b = *p;
-  // b: p1 (unmasked)
+  /* b: p1 (unmasked) */
   if (!(b&0x80))
   {
     a &= 0x7f;
     a = a<<7;
     *v = a | b;
@@ -16746,11 +17963,11 @@
   }
 
   p++;
   a = a<<14;
   a |= *p;
-  // a: p0<<14 | p2 (unmasked)
+  /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (unmasked) */
   if (!(a&0x80))
   {
     a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
     b &= 0x7f;
     b = b<<7;
@@ -16759,11 +17976,11 @@
   }
 
   p++;
   b = b<<14;
   b |= *p;
-  // b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked)
+  /* b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked) */
   if (!(b&0x80))
   {
     b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
     a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
     a = a<<7;
@@ -16772,11 +17989,11 @@
   }
 
   p++;
   a = a<<14;
   a |= *p;
-  // a: p0<<28 | p2<<14 | p4 (unmasked)
+  /* a: p0<<28 | p2<<14 | p4 (unmasked) */
   if (!(a&0x80))
   {
     a &= (0x7f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
     b &= (0x7f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
     b = b<<7;
@@ -16975,11 +18192,11 @@
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This is the implementation of generic hash-tables
 ** used in SQLite.
 **
-** $Id: hash.c,v 1.28 2008/05/13 13:27:34 drh Exp $
+** $Id: hash.c,v 1.30 2008/06/20 14:59:51 danielk1977 Exp $
 */
 
 /* Turn bulk memory into a hash table object by initializing the
 ** fields of the Hash structure.
 **
@@ -17194,13 +18411,13 @@
   /* There is a call to sqlite3_malloc() inside rehash(). If there is
   ** already an allocation at pH->ht, then if this malloc() fails it
   ** is benign (since failing to resize a hash table is a performance
   ** hit only, not a fatal error).
   */
-  if( pH->htsize>0 ) sqlite3FaultBeginBenign(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC);
+  if( pH->htsize>0 ) sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
   new_ht = (struct _ht *)sqlite3MallocZero( new_size*sizeof(struct _ht) );
-  if( pH->htsize>0 ) sqlite3FaultEndBenign(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC);
+  if( pH->htsize>0 ) sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
 
   if( new_ht==0 ) return;
   sqlite3_free(pH->ht);
   pH->ht = new_ht;
   pH->htsize = new_size;
@@ -17348,14 +18565,14 @@
       }
       return old_data;
     }
   }
   if( data==0 ) return 0;
-  new_elem = (HashElem*)sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(HashElem) );
+  new_elem = (HashElem*)sqlite3Malloc( sizeof(HashElem) );
   if( new_elem==0 ) return data;
   if( pH->copyKey && pKey!=0 ){
-    new_elem->pKey = sqlite3_malloc( nKey );
+    new_elem->pKey = sqlite3Malloc( nKey );
     if( new_elem->pKey==0 ){
       sqlite3_free(new_elem);
       return data;
     }
     memcpy((void*)new_elem->pKey, pKey, nKey);
@@ -17406,67 +18623,67 @@
      /*  12 */ "CollSeq",
      /*  13 */ "OpenRead",
      /*  14 */ "Expire",
      /*  15 */ "AutoCommit",
      /*  16 */ "Not",
-     /*  17 */ "IntegrityCk",
-     /*  18 */ "Sort",
-     /*  19 */ "Copy",
-     /*  20 */ "Trace",
-     /*  21 */ "Function",
-     /*  22 */ "IfNeg",
-     /*  23 */ "Noop",
-     /*  24 */ "Return",
-     /*  25 */ "NewRowid",
-     /*  26 */ "Variable",
-     /*  27 */ "String",
-     /*  28 */ "RealAffinity",
-     /*  29 */ "VRename",
-     /*  30 */ "ParseSchema",
-     /*  31 */ "VOpen",
-     /*  32 */ "Close",
-     /*  33 */ "CreateIndex",
-     /*  34 */ "IsUnique",
-     /*  35 */ "NotFound",
-     /*  36 */ "Int64",
-     /*  37 */ "MustBeInt",
-     /*  38 */ "Halt",
-     /*  39 */ "Rowid",
-     /*  40 */ "IdxLT",
-     /*  41 */ "AddImm",
-     /*  42 */ "Statement",
-     /*  43 */ "RowData",
-     /*  44 */ "MemMax",
-     /*  45 */ "NotExists",
-     /*  46 */ "Gosub",
-     /*  47 */ "Integer",
-     /*  48 */ "Prev",
-     /*  49 */ "VColumn",
-     /*  50 */ "CreateTable",
-     /*  51 */ "Last",
-     /*  52 */ "IncrVacuum",
-     /*  53 */ "IdxRowid",
-     /*  54 */ "ResetCount",
-     /*  55 */ "FifoWrite",
-     /*  56 */ "ContextPush",
-     /*  57 */ "DropTrigger",
-     /*  58 */ "DropIndex",
-     /*  59 */ "IdxGE",
+     /*  17 */ "Pagecount",
+     /*  18 */ "IntegrityCk",
+     /*  19 */ "Sort",
+     /*  20 */ "Copy",
+     /*  21 */ "Trace",
+     /*  22 */ "Function",
+     /*  23 */ "IfNeg",
+     /*  24 */ "Noop",
+     /*  25 */ "Return",
+     /*  26 */ "NewRowid",
+     /*  27 */ "Variable",
+     /*  28 */ "String",
+     /*  29 */ "RealAffinity",
+     /*  30 */ "VRename",
+     /*  31 */ "ParseSchema",
+     /*  32 */ "VOpen",
+     /*  33 */ "Close",
+     /*  34 */ "CreateIndex",
+     /*  35 */ "IsUnique",
+     /*  36 */ "NotFound",
+     /*  37 */ "Int64",
+     /*  38 */ "MustBeInt",
+     /*  39 */ "Halt",
+     /*  40 */ "Rowid",
+     /*  41 */ "IdxLT",
+     /*  42 */ "AddImm",
+     /*  43 */ "Statement",
+     /*  44 */ "RowData",
+     /*  45 */ "MemMax",
+     /*  46 */ "NotExists",
+     /*  47 */ "Gosub",
+     /*  48 */ "Integer",
+     /*  49 */ "Prev",
+     /*  50 */ "VColumn",
+     /*  51 */ "CreateTable",
+     /*  52 */ "Last",
+     /*  53 */ "IncrVacuum",
+     /*  54 */ "IdxRowid",
+     /*  55 */ "ResetCount",
+     /*  56 */ "FifoWrite",
+     /*  57 */ "ContextPush",
+     /*  58 */ "Yield",
+     /*  59 */ "DropTrigger",
      /*  60 */ "Or",
      /*  61 */ "And",
-     /*  62 */ "IdxDelete",
-     /*  63 */ "Vacuum",
-     /*  64 */ "MoveLe",
+     /*  62 */ "DropIndex",
+     /*  63 */ "IdxGE",
+     /*  64 */ "IdxDelete",
      /*  65 */ "IsNull",
      /*  66 */ "NotNull",
      /*  67 */ "Ne",
      /*  68 */ "Eq",
      /*  69 */ "Gt",
      /*  70 */ "Le",
      /*  71 */ "Lt",
      /*  72 */ "Ge",
-     /*  73 */ "IfNot",
+     /*  73 */ "Vacuum",
      /*  74 */ "BitAnd",
      /*  75 */ "BitOr",
      /*  76 */ "ShiftLeft",
      /*  77 */ "ShiftRight",
      /*  78 */ "Add",
@@ -17473,57 +18690,57 @@
      /*  79 */ "Subtract",
      /*  80 */ "Multiply",
      /*  81 */ "Divide",
      /*  82 */ "Remainder",
      /*  83 */ "Concat",
-     /*  84 */ "DropTable",
-     /*  85 */ "MakeRecord",
-     /*  86 */ "ResultRow",
+     /*  84 */ "MoveLe",
+     /*  85 */ "IfNot",
+     /*  86 */ "DropTable",
      /*  87 */ "BitNot",
      /*  88 */ "String8",
-     /*  89 */ "Delete",
-     /*  90 */ "AggFinal",
-     /*  91 */ "Goto",
-     /*  92 */ "TableLock",
-     /*  93 */ "FifoRead",
-     /*  94 */ "Clear",
-     /*  95 */ "MoveLt",
-     /*  96 */ "VerifyCookie",
-     /*  97 */ "AggStep",
-     /*  98 */ "SetNumColumns",
-     /*  99 */ "Transaction",
-     /* 100 */ "VFilter",
-     /* 101 */ "VDestroy",
-     /* 102 */ "ContextPop",
-     /* 103 */ "Next",
-     /* 104 */ "IdxInsert",
-     /* 105 */ "Insert",
-     /* 106 */ "Destroy",
-     /* 107 */ "ReadCookie",
-     /* 108 */ "ForceInt",
-     /* 109 */ "LoadAnalysis",
-     /* 110 */ "Explain",
-     /* 111 */ "OpenPseudo",
-     /* 112 */ "OpenEphemeral",
-     /* 113 */ "Null",
-     /* 114 */ "Move",
-     /* 115 */ "Blob",
-     /* 116 */ "Rewind",
-     /* 117 */ "MoveGe",
-     /* 118 */ "VBegin",
-     /* 119 */ "VUpdate",
-     /* 120 */ "IfZero",
-     /* 121 */ "VCreate",
-     /* 122 */ "Found",
-     /* 123 */ "IfPos",
-     /* 124 */ "NullRow",
+     /*  89 */ "MakeRecord",
+     /*  90 */ "ResultRow",
+     /*  91 */ "Delete",
+     /*  92 */ "AggFinal",
+     /*  93 */ "Compare",
+     /*  94 */ "Goto",
+     /*  95 */ "TableLock",
+     /*  96 */ "FifoRead",
+     /*  97 */ "Clear",
+     /*  98 */ "MoveLt",
+     /*  99 */ "VerifyCookie",
+     /* 100 */ "AggStep",
+     /* 101 */ "SetNumColumns",
+     /* 102 */ "Transaction",
+     /* 103 */ "VFilter",
+     /* 104 */ "VDestroy",
+     /* 105 */ "ContextPop",
+     /* 106 */ "Next",
+     /* 107 */ "IdxInsert",
+     /* 108 */ "Insert",
+     /* 109 */ "Destroy",
+     /* 110 */ "ReadCookie",
+     /* 111 */ "ForceInt",
+     /* 112 */ "LoadAnalysis",
+     /* 113 */ "Explain",
+     /* 114 */ "OpenPseudo",
+     /* 115 */ "OpenEphemeral",
+     /* 116 */ "Null",
+     /* 117 */ "Move",
+     /* 118 */ "Blob",
+     /* 119 */ "Rewind",
+     /* 120 */ "MoveGe",
+     /* 121 */ "VBegin",
+     /* 122 */ "VUpdate",
+     /* 123 */ "IfZero",
+     /* 124 */ "VCreate",
      /* 125 */ "Real",
-     /* 126 */ "NotUsed_126",
-     /* 127 */ "NotUsed_127",
-     /* 128 */ "NotUsed_128",
-     /* 129 */ "NotUsed_129",
-     /* 130 */ "NotUsed_130",
+     /* 126 */ "Found",
+     /* 127 */ "IfPos",
+     /* 128 */ "NullRow",
+     /* 129 */ "Jump",
+     /* 130 */ "Permutation",
      /* 131 */ "NotUsed_131",
      /* 132 */ "NotUsed_132",
      /* 133 */ "NotUsed_133",
      /* 134 */ "NotUsed_134",
      /* 135 */ "NotUsed_135",
@@ -17552,14 +18769,16 @@
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 ******************************************************************************
 **
 ** This file contains code that is specific to OS/2.
-*/
-
-
-#if OS_OS2
+**
+** $Id: os_os2.c,v 1.49 2008/07/08 22:34:07 pweilbacher Exp $
+*/
+
+
+#if SQLITE_OS_OS2
 
 /*
 ** A Note About Memory Allocation:
 **
 ** This driver uses malloc()/free() directly rather than going through
@@ -17613,11 +18832,15 @@
 ** all of the platform-specific files (os_*.c) and is #included into those
 ** files.
 **
 ** This file should be #included by the os_*.c files only.  It is not a
 ** general purpose header file.
-*/
+**
+** $Id: os_common.h,v 1.37 2008/05/29 20:22:37 shane Exp $
+*/
+#ifndef _OS_COMMON_H_
+#define _OS_COMMON_H_
 
 /*
 ** At least two bugs have slipped in because we changed the MEMORY_DEBUG
 ** macro to SQLITE_DEBUG and some older makefiles have not yet made the
 ** switch.  The following code should catch this problem at compile-time.
@@ -17659,26 +18882,102 @@
 /*
 ** Macros for performance tracing.  Normally turned off.  Only works
 ** on i486 hardware.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
-__inline__ unsigned long long int hwtime(void){
-  unsigned long long int x;
-  __asm__("rdtsc\n\t"
-          "mov %%edx, %%ecx\n\t"
-          :"=A" (x));
-  return x;
-}
-static unsigned long long int g_start;
-static unsigned int elapse;
-#define TIMER_START       g_start=hwtime()
-#define TIMER_END         elapse=hwtime()-g_start
-#define TIMER_ELAPSED     elapse
+
+/*
+** hwtime.h contains inline assembler code for implementing
+** high-performance timing routines.
+*/
+/************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of os_common.h ****************/
+/************** Begin file hwtime.h ******************************************/
+/*
+** 2008 May 27
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
+** counters for x86 class CPUs.
+**
+** $Id: hwtime.h,v 1.2 2008/06/12 02:24:39 shane Exp $
+*/
+#ifndef _HWTIME_H_
+#define _HWTIME_H_
+
+/*
+** The following routine only works on pentium-class (or newer) processors.
+** It uses the RDTSC opcode to read the cycle count value out of the
+** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
+** profiling.
+*/
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
+      (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
+
+  #if defined(__GNUC__)
+
+  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
+     unsigned int lo, hi;
+     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
+     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
+  }
+
+  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+  __declspec(naked) __inline sqlite_uint64 __cdecl sqlite3Hwtime(void){
+     __asm {
+        rdtsc
+        ret       ; return value at EDX:EAX
+     }
+  }
+
+  #endif
+
+#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
+
+  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
+      unsigned long val;
+      __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
+      return val;
+  }
+
+#else
+
+  #error Need implementation of sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform.
+
+  /*
+  ** To compile without implementing sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform,
+  ** you can remove the above #error and use the following
+  ** stub function.  You will lose timing support for many
+  ** of the debugging and testing utilities, but it should at
+  ** least compile and run.
+  */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
+
+#endif
+
+#endif /* !defined(_HWTIME_H_) */
+
+/************** End of hwtime.h **********************************************/
+/************** Continuing where we left off in os_common.h ******************/
+
+static sqlite_uint64 g_start;
+static sqlite_uint64 g_elapsed;
+#define TIMER_START       g_start=sqlite3Hwtime()
+#define TIMER_END         g_elapsed=sqlite3Hwtime()-g_start
+#define TIMER_ELAPSED     g_elapsed
 #else
 #define TIMER_START
 #define TIMER_END
-#define TIMER_ELAPSED     0
+#define TIMER_ELAPSED     ((sqlite_uint64)0)
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** If we compile with the SQLITE_TEST macro set, then the following block
 ** of code will give us the ability to simulate a disk I/O error.  This
@@ -17727,10 +19026,12 @@
 #define OpenCounter(X)  sqlite3_open_file_count+=(X)
 #else
 #define OpenCounter(X)
 #endif
 
+#endif /* !defined(_OS_COMMON_H_) */
+
 /************** End of os_common.h *******************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in os_os2.c *********************/
 
 /*
 ** The os2File structure is subclass of sqlite3_file specific for the OS/2
@@ -17752,11 +19053,11 @@
 ******************************************************************************/
 
 /*
 ** Close a file.
 */
-int os2Close( sqlite3_file *id ){
+static int os2Close( sqlite3_file *id ){
   APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
   os2File *pFile;
   if( id && (pFile = (os2File*)id) != 0 ){
     OSTRACE2( "CLOSE %d\n", pFile->h );
     rc = DosClose( pFile->h );
@@ -17776,11 +19077,11 @@
 /*
 ** Read data from a file into a buffer.  Return SQLITE_OK if all
 ** bytes were read successfully and SQLITE_IOERR if anything goes
 ** wrong.
 */
-int os2Read(
+static int os2Read(
   sqlite3_file *id,               /* File to read from */
   void *pBuf,                     /* Write content into this buffer */
   int amt,                        /* Number of bytes to read */
   sqlite3_int64 offset            /* Begin reading at this offset */
 ){
@@ -17806,11 +19107,11 @@
 
 /*
 ** Write data from a buffer into a file.  Return SQLITE_OK on success
 ** or some other error code on failure.
 */
-int os2Write(
+static int os2Write(
   sqlite3_file *id,               /* File to write into */
   const void *pBuf,               /* The bytes to be written */
   int amt,                        /* Number of bytes to write */
   sqlite3_int64 offset            /* Offset into the file to begin writing at */
 ){
@@ -17838,11 +19139,11 @@
 }
 
 /*
 ** Truncate an open file to a specified size
 */
-int os2Truncate( sqlite3_file *id, i64 nByte ){
+static int os2Truncate( sqlite3_file *id, i64 nByte ){
   APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
   os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
   OSTRACE3( "TRUNCATE %d %lld\n", pFile->h, nByte );
   SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE );
   rc = DosSetFileSize( pFile->h, nByte );
@@ -17859,11 +19160,11 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** Make sure all writes to a particular file are committed to disk.
 */
-int os2Sync( sqlite3_file *id, int flags ){
+static int os2Sync( sqlite3_file *id, int flags ){
   os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
   OSTRACE3( "SYNC %d lock=%d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype );
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
   if( flags & SQLITE_SYNC_FULL){
     sqlite3_fullsync_count++;
@@ -17874,11 +19175,11 @@
 }
 
 /*
 ** Determine the current size of a file in bytes
 */
-int os2FileSize( sqlite3_file *id, sqlite3_int64 *pSize ){
+static int os2FileSize( sqlite3_file *id, sqlite3_int64 *pSize ){
   APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
   FILESTATUS3 fsts3FileInfo;
   memset(&fsts3FileInfo, 0, sizeof(fsts3FileInfo));
   assert( id!=0 );
   SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR );
@@ -17951,11 +19252,11 @@
 ** This routine will only increase a lock.  The os2Unlock() routine
 ** erases all locks at once and returns us immediately to locking level 0.
 ** It is not possible to lower the locking level one step at a time.  You
 ** must go straight to locking level 0.
 */
-int os2Lock( sqlite3_file *id, int locktype ){
+static int os2Lock( sqlite3_file *id, int locktype ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;       /* Return code from subroutines */
   APIRET res = NO_ERROR;    /* Result of an OS/2 lock call */
   int newLocktype;       /* Set pFile->locktype to this value before exiting */
   int gotPendingLock = 0;/* True if we acquired a PENDING lock this time */
   FILELOCK  LockArea,
@@ -18087,11 +19388,11 @@
 /*
 ** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
 ** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, return
 ** non-zero, otherwise zero.
 */
-int os2CheckReservedLock( sqlite3_file *id ){
+static int os2CheckReservedLock( sqlite3_file *id, int *pOut ){
   int r = 0;
   os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
   assert( pFile!=0 );
   if( pFile->locktype>=RESERVED_LOCK ){
     r = 1;
@@ -18118,11 +19419,12 @@
       OSTRACE3( "TEST WR-LOCK %d unlock reserved byte r=%d\n", pFile->h, rcu );
     }
     r = !(rc == NO_ERROR);
     OSTRACE3( "TEST WR-LOCK %d %d (remote)\n", pFile->h, r );
   }
-  return r;
+  *pOut = r;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Lower the locking level on file descriptor id to locktype.  locktype
 ** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
@@ -18132,11 +19434,11 @@
 **
 ** It is not possible for this routine to fail if the second argument
 ** is NO_LOCK.  If the second argument is SHARED_LOCK then this routine
 ** might return SQLITE_IOERR;
 */
-int os2Unlock( sqlite3_file *id, int locktype ){
+static int os2Unlock( sqlite3_file *id, int locktype ){
   int type;
   os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
   APIRET rc = SQLITE_OK;
   APIRET res = NO_ERROR;
   FILELOCK  LockArea,
@@ -18225,11 +19527,11 @@
 ** Helper function to convert UTF-8 filenames to local OS/2 codepage.
 ** The two-step process: first convert the incoming UTF-8 string
 ** into UCS-2 and then from UCS-2 to the current codepage.
 ** The returned char pointer has to be freed.
 */
-char *convertUtf8PathToCp(const char *in)
+static char *convertUtf8PathToCp(const char *in)
 {
   UconvObject uconv;
   UniChar ucsUtf8Cp[12],
           tempPath[CCHMAXPATH];
   char *out;
@@ -18255,11 +19557,11 @@
 ** Helper function to convert filenames from local codepage to UTF-8.
 ** The two-step process: first convert the incoming codepage-specific
 ** string into UCS-2 and then from UCS-2 to the codepage of UTF-8.
 ** The returned char pointer has to be freed.
 */
-char *convertCpPathToUtf8(const char *in)
+static char *convertCpPathToUtf8(const char *in)
 {
   UconvObject uconv;
   UniChar ucsUtf8Cp[12],
           tempPath[CCHMAXPATH];
   char *out;
@@ -18306,10 +19608,64 @@
 **
 ** The next block of code implements the VFS methods.
 ****************************************************************************/
 
 /*
+** Create a temporary file name in zBuf.  zBuf must be big enough to
+** hold at pVfs->mxPathname characters.
+*/
+static int getTempname(int nBuf, char *zBuf ){
+  static const unsigned char zChars[] =
+    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+    "0123456789";
+  int i, j;
+  char zTempPathBuf[3];
+  PSZ zTempPath = (PSZ)&zTempPathBuf;
+  if( sqlite3_temp_directory ){
+    zTempPath = sqlite3_temp_directory;
+  }else{
+    if( DosScanEnv( (PSZ)"TEMP", &zTempPath ) ){
+      if( DosScanEnv( (PSZ)"TMP", &zTempPath ) ){
+        if( DosScanEnv( (PSZ)"TMPDIR", &zTempPath ) ){
+             ULONG ulDriveNum = 0, ulDriveMap = 0;
+             DosQueryCurrentDisk( &ulDriveNum, &ulDriveMap );
+             sprintf( (char*)zTempPath, "%c:", (char)( 'A' + ulDriveNum - 1 ) );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  /* Strip off a trailing slashes or backslashes, otherwise we would get *
+   * multiple (back)slashes which causes DosOpen() to fail.              *
+   * Trailing spaces are not allowed, either.                            */
+  j = strlen(zTempPath);
+  while( j > 0 && ( zTempPath[j-1] == '\\' || zTempPath[j-1] == '/'
+                    || zTempPath[j-1] == ' ' ) ){
+    j--;
+  }
+  zTempPath[j] = '\0';
+  if( !sqlite3_temp_directory ){
+    char *zTempPathUTF = convertCpPathToUtf8( zTempPath );
+    sqlite3_snprintf( nBuf-30, zBuf,
+                      "%s\\"SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zTempPathUTF );
+    free( zTempPathUTF );
+  }else{
+    sqlite3_snprintf( nBuf-30, zBuf,
+                      "%s\\"SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zTempPath );
+  }
+  j = strlen( zBuf );
+  sqlite3_randomness( 20, &zBuf[j] );
+  for( i = 0; i < 20; i++, j++ ){
+    zBuf[j] = (char)zChars[ ((unsigned char)zBuf[j])%(sizeof(zChars)-1) ];
+  }
+  zBuf[j] = 0;
+  OSTRACE2( "TEMP FILENAME: %s\n", zBuf );
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
 ** Open a file.
 */
 static int os2Open(
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,            /* Not used */
   const char *zName,            /* Name of the file */
@@ -18322,34 +19678,48 @@
   ULONG ulOpenFlags = 0;
   ULONG ulOpenMode = 0;
   os2File *pFile = (os2File*)id;
   APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
   ULONG ulAction;
+  char *zNameCp;
+  char zTmpname[CCHMAXPATH+1];    /* Buffer to hold name of temp file */
+
+  /* If the second argument to this function is NULL, generate a
+  ** temporary file name to use
+  */
+  if( !zName ){
+    int rc = getTempname(CCHMAXPATH+1, zTmpname);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      return rc;
+    }
+    zName = zTmpname;
+  }
+
 
   memset( pFile, 0, sizeof(*pFile) );
 
   OSTRACE2( "OPEN want %d\n", flags );
 
-  //ulOpenMode = flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ? OPEN_ACCESS_READWRITE : OPEN_ACCESS_READONLY;
+  /*ulOpenMode = flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ? OPEN_ACCESS_READWRITE : OPEN_ACCESS_READONLY;*/
   if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ){
     ulOpenMode |= OPEN_ACCESS_READWRITE;
     OSTRACE1( "OPEN read/write\n" );
   }else{
     ulOpenMode |= OPEN_ACCESS_READONLY;
     OSTRACE1( "OPEN read only\n" );
   }
 
-  //ulOpenFlags = flags & SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE ? OPEN_ACTION_CREATE_IF_NEW : OPEN_ACTION_FAIL_IF_NEW;
+  /*ulOpenFlags = flags & SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE ? OPEN_ACTION_CREATE_IF_NEW : OPEN_ACTION_FAIL_IF_NEW;*/
   if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE ){
     ulOpenFlags |= OPEN_ACTION_OPEN_IF_EXISTS | OPEN_ACTION_CREATE_IF_NEW;
     OSTRACE1( "OPEN open new/create\n" );
   }else{
     ulOpenFlags |= OPEN_ACTION_OPEN_IF_EXISTS | OPEN_ACTION_FAIL_IF_NEW;
     OSTRACE1( "OPEN open existing\n" );
   }
 
-  //ulOpenMode |= flags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ? OPEN_SHARE_DENYNONE : OPEN_SHARE_DENYWRITE;
+  /*ulOpenMode |= flags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ? OPEN_SHARE_DENYNONE : OPEN_SHARE_DENYWRITE;*/
   if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ){
     ulOpenMode |= OPEN_SHARE_DENYNONE;
     OSTRACE1( "OPEN share read/write\n" );
   }else{
     ulOpenMode |= OPEN_SHARE_DENYWRITE;
@@ -18357,11 +19727,11 @@
   }
 
   if( flags & (SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB | SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL
                | SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL) ){
     char pathUtf8[CCHMAXPATH];
-    //ulFileAttribute = FILE_HIDDEN;  //for debugging, we want to make sure it is deleted
+    /*ulFileAttribute = FILE_HIDDEN;  //for debugging, we want to make sure it is deleted*/
     ulFileAttribute = FILE_NORMAL;
     sqlite3OsFullPathname( pVfs, zName, CCHMAXPATH, pathUtf8 );
     pFile->pathToDel = convertUtf8PathToCp( pathUtf8 );
     OSTRACE1( "OPEN hidden/delete on close file attributes\n" );
   }else{
@@ -18373,11 +19743,11 @@
   /* always open in random access mode for possibly better speed */
   ulOpenMode |= OPEN_FLAGS_RANDOM;
   ulOpenMode |= OPEN_FLAGS_FAIL_ON_ERROR;
   ulOpenMode |= OPEN_FLAGS_NOINHERIT;
 
-  char *zNameCp = convertUtf8PathToCp( zName );
+  zNameCp = convertUtf8PathToCp( zName );
   rc = DosOpen( (PSZ)zNameCp,
                 &h,
                 &ulAction,
                 0L,
                 ulFileAttribute,
@@ -18386,11 +19756,12 @@
                 (PEAOP2)NULL );
   free( zNameCp );
   if( rc != NO_ERROR ){
     OSTRACE7( "OPEN Invalid handle rc=%d: zName=%s, ulAction=%#lx, ulAttr=%#lx, ulFlags=%#lx, ulMode=%#lx\n",
               rc, zName, ulAction, ulFileAttribute, ulOpenFlags, ulOpenMode );
-    free( pFile->pathToDel );
+    if( pFile->pathToDel )
+      free( pFile->pathToDel );
     pFile->pathToDel = NULL;
     if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ){
       OSTRACE2( "OPEN %d Invalid handle\n", ((flags | SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY) & ~SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE) );
       return os2Open( 0, zName, id,
                       ((flags | SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY) & ~SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE),
@@ -18412,18 +19783,18 @@
 }
 
 /*
 ** Delete the named file.
 */
-int os2Delete(
+static int os2Delete(
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,                     /* Not used on os2 */
   const char *zFilename,                 /* Name of file to delete */
   int syncDir                            /* Not used on os2 */
 ){
   APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
-  SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE);
   char *zFilenameCp = convertUtf8PathToCp( zFilename );
+  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE );
   rc = DosDelete( (PSZ)zFilenameCp );
   free( zFilenameCp );
   OSTRACE2( "DELETE \"%s\"\n", zFilename );
   return rc == NO_ERROR ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_IOERR;
 }
@@ -18432,17 +19803,18 @@
 ** Check the existance and status of a file.
 */
 static int os2Access(
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,        /* Not used on os2 */
   const char *zFilename,    /* Name of file to check */
-  int flags                 /* Type of test to make on this file */
+  int flags,                /* Type of test to make on this file */
+  int *pOut                 /* Write results here */
 ){
   FILESTATUS3 fsts3ConfigInfo;
   APIRET rc = NO_ERROR;
-
-  memset( &fsts3ConfigInfo, 0, sizeof(fsts3ConfigInfo) );
   char *zFilenameCp = convertUtf8PathToCp( zFilename );
+
+  memset( &fsts3ConfigInfo, 0, sizeof(fsts3ConfigInfo) );
   rc = DosQueryPathInfo( (PSZ)zFilenameCp, FIL_STANDARD,
                          &fsts3ConfigInfo, sizeof(FILESTATUS3) );
   free( zFilenameCp );
   OSTRACE4( "ACCESS fsts3ConfigInfo.attrFile=%d flags=%d rc=%d\n",
             fsts3ConfigInfo.attrFile, flags, rc );
@@ -18451,60 +19823,17 @@
     case SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS:
       rc = (rc == NO_ERROR);
       OSTRACE3( "ACCESS %s access of read and exists  rc=%d\n", zFilename, rc );
       break;
     case SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE:
-      rc = (fsts3ConfigInfo.attrFile & FILE_READONLY) == 0;
+      rc = (rc == NO_ERROR) && ( (fsts3ConfigInfo.attrFile & FILE_READONLY) == 0 );
       OSTRACE3( "ACCESS %s access of read/write  rc=%d\n", zFilename, rc );
       break;
     default:
       assert( !"Invalid flags argument" );
   }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Create a temporary file name in zBuf.  zBuf must be big enough to
-** hold at pVfs->mxPathname characters.
-*/
-static int os2GetTempname( sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf ){
-  static const unsigned char zChars[] =
-    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-    "0123456789";
-  int i, j;
-  char zTempPathBuf[3];
-  PSZ zTempPath = (PSZ)&zTempPathBuf;
-  char *zTempPathUTF;
-  if( DosScanEnv( (PSZ)"TEMP", &zTempPath ) ){
-    if( DosScanEnv( (PSZ)"TMP", &zTempPath ) ){
-      if( DosScanEnv( (PSZ)"TMPDIR", &zTempPath ) ){
-           ULONG ulDriveNum = 0, ulDriveMap = 0;
-           DosQueryCurrentDisk( &ulDriveNum, &ulDriveMap );
-           sprintf( (char*)zTempPath, "%c:", (char)( 'A' + ulDriveNum - 1 ) );
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  /* strip off a trailing slashes or backslashes, otherwise we would get *
-   * multiple (back)slashes which causes DosOpen() to fail               */
-  j = strlen(zTempPath);
-  while( j > 0 && ( zTempPath[j-1] == '\\' || zTempPath[j-1] == '/' ) ){
-    j--;
-  }
-  zTempPath[j] = '\0';
-  zTempPathUTF = convertCpPathToUtf8( zTempPath );
-  sqlite3_snprintf( nBuf-30, zBuf,
-                    "%s\\"SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zTempPathUTF );
-  free( zTempPathUTF );
-  j = strlen( zBuf );
-  sqlite3_randomness( 20, &zBuf[j] );
-  for( i = 0; i < 20; i++, j++ ){
-    zBuf[j] = (char)zChars[ ((unsigned char)zBuf[j])%(sizeof(zChars)-1) ];
-  }
-  zBuf[j] = 0;
-  OSTRACE2( "TEMP FILENAME: %s\n", zBuf );
+  *pOut = rc;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 
 /*
@@ -18553,11 +19882,11 @@
 ** os2Dlopen returns zero if DosLoadModule is not successful.
 */
 static void os2DlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBufOut){
 /* no-op */
 }
-void *os2DlSym(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle, const char *zSymbol){
+static void *os2DlSym(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle, const char *zSymbol){
   PFN pfn;
   APIRET rc;
   rc = DosQueryProcAddr((HMODULE)pHandle, 0L, zSymbol, &pfn);
   if( rc != NO_ERROR ){
     /* if the symbol itself was not found, search again for the same
@@ -18567,11 +19896,11 @@
     strncat(_zSymbol, zSymbol, 255);
     rc = DosQueryProcAddr((HMODULE)pHandle, 0L, _zSymbol, &pfn);
   }
   return rc != NO_ERROR ? 0 : (void*)pfn;
 }
-void os2DlClose(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle){
+static void os2DlClose(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle){
   DosFreeModule((HMODULE)pHandle);
 }
 #else /* if SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION is defined: */
   #define os2DlOpen 0
   #define os2DlError 0
@@ -18696,17 +20025,18 @@
   }
 #endif
   return 0;
 }
 
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the sqlite3DefaultVfs structure.   We use
-** a function rather than give the structure global scope because
-** some compilers (MSVC) do not allow forward declarations of
-** initialized structures.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3OsDefaultVfs(void){
+static int os2GetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize and deinitialize the operating system interface.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void){
   static sqlite3_vfs os2Vfs = {
     1,                 /* iVersion */
     sizeof(os2File),   /* szOsFile */
     CCHMAXPATH,        /* mxPathname */
     0,                 /* pNext */
@@ -18714,25 +20044,28 @@
     0,                 /* pAppData */
 
     os2Open,           /* xOpen */
     os2Delete,         /* xDelete */
     os2Access,         /* xAccess */
-    os2GetTempname,    /* xGetTempname */
     os2FullPathname,   /* xFullPathname */
     os2DlOpen,         /* xDlOpen */
     os2DlError,        /* xDlError */
     os2DlSym,          /* xDlSym */
     os2DlClose,        /* xDlClose */
     os2Randomness,     /* xRandomness */
     os2Sleep,          /* xSleep */
-    os2CurrentTime     /* xCurrentTime */
-  };
-
-  return &os2Vfs;
-}
-
-#endif /* OS_OS2 */
+    os2CurrentTime,    /* xCurrentTime */
+    os2GetLastError    /* xGetLastError */
+  };
+  sqlite3_vfs_register(&os2Vfs, 1);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_OS_OS2 */
 
 /************** End of os_os2.c **********************************************/
 /************** Begin file os_unix.c *****************************************/
 /*
 ** 2004 May 22
@@ -18745,13 +20078,25 @@
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 ******************************************************************************
 **
 ** This file contains code that is specific to Unix systems.
-*/
-#if OS_UNIX              /* This file is used on unix only */
-
+**
+** $Id: os_unix.c,v 1.193 2008/07/10 00:32:42 drh Exp $
+*/
+#if SQLITE_OS_UNIX              /* This file is used on unix only */
+
+/*
+** If SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE is defined, then several different
+** locking implementations are provided:
+**
+**   * POSIX locking (the default),
+**   * No locking,
+**   * Dot-file locking,
+**   * flock() locking,
+**   * AFP locking (OSX only).
+*/
 /* #define SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE 0 */
 
 /*
 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on Posix if the
 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
@@ -18780,10 +20125,11 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <errno.h>
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
@@ -18824,11 +20170,11 @@
 #endif
   struct openCnt *pOpen;    /* Info about all open fd's on this inode */
   struct lockInfo *pLock;   /* Info about locks on this inode */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
   void *lockingContext;     /* Locking style specific state */
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
+#endif
   int h;                    /* The file descriptor */
   unsigned char locktype;   /* The type of lock held on this fd */
   int dirfd;                /* File descriptor for the directory */
 #if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
   pthread_t tid;            /* The thread that "owns" this unixFile */
@@ -18856,11 +20202,15 @@
 ** all of the platform-specific files (os_*.c) and is #included into those
 ** files.
 **
 ** This file should be #included by the os_*.c files only.  It is not a
 ** general purpose header file.
-*/
+**
+** $Id: os_common.h,v 1.37 2008/05/29 20:22:37 shane Exp $
+*/
+#ifndef _OS_COMMON_H_
+#define _OS_COMMON_H_
 
 /*
 ** At least two bugs have slipped in because we changed the MEMORY_DEBUG
 ** macro to SQLITE_DEBUG and some older makefiles have not yet made the
 ** switch.  The following code should catch this problem at compile-time.
@@ -18902,26 +20252,102 @@
 /*
 ** Macros for performance tracing.  Normally turned off.  Only works
 ** on i486 hardware.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
-__inline__ unsigned long long int hwtime(void){
-  unsigned long long int x;
-  __asm__("rdtsc\n\t"
-          "mov %%edx, %%ecx\n\t"
-          :"=A" (x));
-  return x;
-}
-static unsigned long long int g_start;
-static unsigned int elapse;
-#define TIMER_START       g_start=hwtime()
-#define TIMER_END         elapse=hwtime()-g_start
-#define TIMER_ELAPSED     elapse
+
+/*
+** hwtime.h contains inline assembler code for implementing
+** high-performance timing routines.
+*/
+/************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of os_common.h ****************/
+/************** Begin file hwtime.h ******************************************/
+/*
+** 2008 May 27
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
+** counters for x86 class CPUs.
+**
+** $Id: hwtime.h,v 1.2 2008/06/12 02:24:39 shane Exp $
+*/
+#ifndef _HWTIME_H_
+#define _HWTIME_H_
+
+/*
+** The following routine only works on pentium-class (or newer) processors.
+** It uses the RDTSC opcode to read the cycle count value out of the
+** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
+** profiling.
+*/
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
+      (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
+
+  #if defined(__GNUC__)
+
+  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
+     unsigned int lo, hi;
+     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
+     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
+  }
+
+  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+  __declspec(naked) __inline sqlite_uint64 __cdecl sqlite3Hwtime(void){
+     __asm {
+        rdtsc
+        ret       ; return value at EDX:EAX
+     }
+  }
+
+  #endif
+
+#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
+
+  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
+      unsigned long val;
+      __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
+      return val;
+  }
+
+#else
+
+  #error Need implementation of sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform.
+
+  /*
+  ** To compile without implementing sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform,
+  ** you can remove the above #error and use the following
+  ** stub function.  You will lose timing support for many
+  ** of the debugging and testing utilities, but it should at
+  ** least compile and run.
+  */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
+
+#endif
+
+#endif /* !defined(_HWTIME_H_) */
+
+/************** End of hwtime.h **********************************************/
+/************** Continuing where we left off in os_common.h ******************/
+
+static sqlite_uint64 g_start;
+static sqlite_uint64 g_elapsed;
+#define TIMER_START       g_start=sqlite3Hwtime()
+#define TIMER_END         g_elapsed=sqlite3Hwtime()-g_start
+#define TIMER_ELAPSED     g_elapsed
 #else
 #define TIMER_START
 #define TIMER_END
-#define TIMER_ELAPSED     0
+#define TIMER_ELAPSED     ((sqlite_uint64)0)
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** If we compile with the SQLITE_TEST macro set, then the following block
 ** of code will give us the ability to simulate a disk I/O error.  This
@@ -18969,10 +20395,12 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_file_count = 0;
 #define OpenCounter(X)  sqlite3_open_file_count+=(X)
 #else
 #define OpenCounter(X)
 #endif
+
+#endif /* !defined(_OS_COMMON_H_) */
 
 /************** End of os_common.h *******************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in os_unix.c ********************/
 
 /*
@@ -19042,12 +20470,10 @@
 ** section 6.5.2.2 lines 483 through 490 specify that when a process
 ** sets or clears a lock, that operation overrides any prior locks set
 ** by the same process.  It does not explicitly say so, but this implies
 ** that it overrides locks set by the same process using a different
 ** file descriptor.  Consider this test case:
-**
-**       int fd1 = open("./file1", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0644);
 **       int fd2 = open("./file2", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0644);
 **
 ** Suppose ./file1 and ./file2 are really the same file (because
 ** one is a hard or symbolic link to the other) then if you set
 ** an exclusive lock on fd1, then try to get an exclusive lock
@@ -19201,44 +20627,39 @@
 ** these hash tables must be protected by a mutex.
 */
 static Hash lockHash = {SQLITE_HASH_BINARY, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
 static Hash openHash = {SQLITE_HASH_BINARY, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
 /*
 ** The locking styles are associated with the different file locking
 ** capabilities supported by different file systems.
 **
 ** POSIX locking style fully supports shared and exclusive byte-range locks
-** ADP locking only supports exclusive byte-range locks
+** AFP locking only supports exclusive byte-range locks
 ** FLOCK only supports a single file-global exclusive lock
 ** DOTLOCK isn't a true locking style, it refers to the use of a special
 **   file named the same as the database file with a '.lock' extension, this
 **   can be used on file systems that do not offer any reliable file locking
 ** NO locking means that no locking will be attempted, this is only used for
 **   read-only file systems currently
 ** UNSUPPORTED means that no locking will be attempted, this is only used for
 **   file systems that are known to be unsupported
 */
-typedef enum {
-  posixLockingStyle = 0,       /* standard posix-advisory locks */
-  afpLockingStyle,             /* use afp locks */
-  flockLockingStyle,           /* use flock() */
-  dotlockLockingStyle,         /* use <file>.lock files */
-  noLockingStyle,              /* useful for read-only file system */
-  unsupportedLockingStyle      /* indicates unsupported file system */
-} sqlite3LockingStyle;
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
+#define LOCKING_STYLE_POSIX        1
+#define LOCKING_STYLE_FLOCK        2
+#define LOCKING_STYLE_DOTFILE      3
+#define LOCKING_STYLE_NONE         4
+#define LOCKING_STYLE_AFP          5
 
 /*
 ** Helper functions to obtain and relinquish the global mutex.
 */
 static void enterMutex(){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
 }
 static void leaveMutex(){
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
 }
 
 #if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
 /*
 ** This variable records whether or not threads can override each others
@@ -19380,107 +20801,114 @@
 
 /*
 ** Release a lockInfo structure previously allocated by findLockInfo().
 */
 static void releaseLockInfo(struct lockInfo *pLock){
-  if (pLock == NULL)
-    return;
-  pLock->nRef--;
-  if( pLock->nRef==0 ){
-    sqlite3HashInsert(&lockHash, &pLock->key, sizeof(pLock->key), 0);
-    sqlite3_free(pLock);
+  if( pLock ){
+    pLock->nRef--;
+    if( pLock->nRef==0 ){
+      sqlite3HashInsert(&lockHash, &pLock->key, sizeof(pLock->key), 0);
+      sqlite3_free(pLock);
+    }
   }
 }
 
 /*
 ** Release a openCnt structure previously allocated by findLockInfo().
 */
 static void releaseOpenCnt(struct openCnt *pOpen){
-  if (pOpen == NULL)
-    return;
-  pOpen->nRef--;
-  if( pOpen->nRef==0 ){
-    sqlite3HashInsert(&openHash, &pOpen->key, sizeof(pOpen->key), 0);
-    free(pOpen->aPending);
-    sqlite3_free(pOpen);
+  if( pOpen ){
+    pOpen->nRef--;
+    if( pOpen->nRef==0 ){
+      sqlite3HashInsert(&openHash, &pOpen->key, sizeof(pOpen->key), 0);
+      free(pOpen->aPending);
+      sqlite3_free(pOpen);
+    }
   }
 }
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
 /*
 ** Tests a byte-range locking query to see if byte range locks are
 ** supported, if not we fall back to dotlockLockingStyle.
 */
-static sqlite3LockingStyle sqlite3TestLockingStyle(
-  const char *filePath,
-  int fd
-){
-  /* test byte-range lock using fcntl */
+static int testLockingStyle(int fd){
   struct flock lockInfo;
 
+  /* Test byte-range lock using fcntl(). If the call succeeds,
+  ** assume that the file-system supports POSIX style locks.
+  */
   lockInfo.l_len = 1;
   lockInfo.l_start = 0;
   lockInfo.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
   lockInfo.l_type = F_RDLCK;
-
   if( fcntl(fd, F_GETLK, &lockInfo)!=-1 ) {
-    return posixLockingStyle;
-  }
-
-  /* testing for flock can give false positives.  So if if the above test
-  ** fails, then we fall back to using dot-lock style locking.
-  */
-  return dotlockLockingStyle;
-}
-
-/*
-** Examines the f_fstypename entry in the statfs structure as returned by
-** stat() for the file system hosting the database file, assigns the
-** appropriate locking style based on its value.  These values and
-** assignments are based on Darwin/OSX behavior and have not been tested on
+    return LOCKING_STYLE_POSIX;
+  }
+
+  /* Testing for flock() can give false positives.  So if if the above
+  ** test fails, then we fall back to using dot-file style locking.
+  */
+  return LOCKING_STYLE_DOTFILE;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+** If SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE is defined, this function Examines the
+** f_fstypename entry in the statfs structure as returned by stat() for
+** the file system hosting the database file and selects  the appropriate
+** locking style based on its value.  These values and assignments are
+** based on Darwin/OSX behavior and have not been thoroughly tested on
 ** other systems.
-*/
-static sqlite3LockingStyle sqlite3DetectLockingStyle(
+**
+** If SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE is not defined, this function always
+** returns LOCKING_STYLE_POSIX.
+*/
+static int detectLockingStyle(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
   const char *filePath,
   int fd
 ){
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_FIXED_LOCKING_STYLE
-  return (sqlite3LockingStyle)SQLITE_FIXED_LOCKING_STYLE;
-#else
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
+  struct Mapping {
+    const char *zFilesystem;
+    int eLockingStyle;
+  } aMap[] = {
+    { "hfs",    LOCKING_STYLE_POSIX },
+    { "ufs",    LOCKING_STYLE_POSIX },
+    { "afpfs",  LOCKING_STYLE_AFP },
+    { "smbfs",  LOCKING_STYLE_FLOCK },
+    { "msdos",  LOCKING_STYLE_DOTFILE },
+    { "webdav", LOCKING_STYLE_NONE },
+    { 0, 0 }
+  };
+  int i;
   struct statfs fsInfo;
 
-  if( statfs(filePath, &fsInfo) == -1 ){
-    return sqlite3TestLockingStyle(filePath, fd);
-  }
-  if( fsInfo.f_flags & MNT_RDONLY ){
-    return noLockingStyle;
-  }
-  if( strcmp(fsInfo.f_fstypename, "hfs")==0 ||
-      strcmp(fsInfo.f_fstypename, "ufs")==0 ){
-    return posixLockingStyle;
-  }
-  if( strcmp(fsInfo.f_fstypename, "afpfs")==0 ){
-    return afpLockingStyle;
-  }
-  if( strcmp(fsInfo.f_fstypename, "nfs")==0 ){
-    return sqlite3TestLockingStyle(filePath, fd);
-  }
-  if( strcmp(fsInfo.f_fstypename, "smbfs")==0 ){
-    return flockLockingStyle;
-  }
-  if( strcmp(fsInfo.f_fstypename, "msdos")==0 ){
-    return dotlockLockingStyle;
-  }
-  if( strcmp(fsInfo.f_fstypename, "webdav")==0 ){
-    return unsupportedLockingStyle;
-  }
-  return sqlite3TestLockingStyle(filePath, fd);
-#endif /* SQLITE_FIXED_LOCKING_STYLE */
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
+  if( !filePath ){
+    return LOCKING_STYLE_NONE;
+  }
+  if( pVfs->pAppData ){
+    return (int)pVfs->pAppData;
+  }
+
+  if( statfs(filePath, &fsInfo) != -1 ){
+    if( fsInfo.f_flags & MNT_RDONLY ){
+      return LOCKING_STYLE_NONE;
+    }
+    for(i=0; aMap[i].zFilesystem; i++){
+      if( strcmp(fsInfo.f_fstypename, aMap[i].zFilesystem)==0 ){
+        return aMap[i].eLockingStyle;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Default case. Handles, amongst others, "nfs". */
+  return testLockingStyle(fd);
+#endif
+  return LOCKING_STYLE_POSIX;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Given a file descriptor, locate lockInfo and openCnt structures that
 ** describes that file descriptor.  Create new ones if necessary.  The
 ** return values might be uninitialized if an error occurs.
@@ -19669,11 +21097,11 @@
     return -1;
   }
   got = read(id->h, pBuf, cnt);
 #endif
   TIMER_END;
-  OSTRACE5("READ    %-3d %5d %7lld %d\n", id->h, got, offset, TIMER_ELAPSED);
+  OSTRACE5("READ    %-3d %5d %7lld %llu\n", id->h, got, offset, TIMER_ELAPSED);
   return got;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Read data from a file into a buffer.  Return SQLITE_OK if all
@@ -19717,11 +21145,11 @@
     return -1;
   }
   got = write(id->h, pBuf, cnt);
 #endif
   TIMER_END;
-  OSTRACE5("WRITE   %-3d %5d %7lld %d\n", id->h, got, offset, TIMER_ELAPSED);
+  OSTRACE5("WRITE   %-3d %5d %7lld %llu\n", id->h, got, offset, TIMER_ELAPSED);
   return got;
 }
 
 
 /*
@@ -19934,13 +21362,15 @@
 ** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
 ** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, return
 ** non-zero.  If the file is unlocked or holds only SHARED locks, then
 ** return zero.
 */
-static int unixCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id){
+static int unixCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
   int r = 0;
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
+
+  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK; );
 
   assert( pFile );
   enterMutex(); /* Because pFile->pLock is shared across threads */
 
   /* Check if a thread in this process holds such a lock */
@@ -19963,11 +21393,12 @@
   }
 
   leaveMutex();
   OSTRACE3("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d\n", pFile->h, r);
 
-  return r;
+  *pResOut = r;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Lock the file with the lock specified by parameter locktype - one
 ** of the following:
@@ -20286,47 +21717,62 @@
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) pFile->locktype = locktype;
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
+** This function performs the parts of the "close file" operation
+** common to all locking schemes. It closes the directory and file
+** handles, if they are valid, and sets all fields of the unixFile
+** structure to 0.
+*/
+static int closeUnixFile(sqlite3_file *id){
+  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
+  if( pFile ){
+    if( pFile->dirfd>=0 ){
+      close(pFile->dirfd);
+    }
+    if( pFile->h>=0 ){
+      close(pFile->h);
+    }
+    OSTRACE2("CLOSE   %-3d\n", pFile->h);
+    OpenCounter(-1);
+    memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Close a file.
 */
 static int unixClose(sqlite3_file *id){
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile *)id;
-  if( !pFile ) return SQLITE_OK;
-  unixUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
-  if( pFile->dirfd>=0 ) close(pFile->dirfd);
-  pFile->dirfd = -1;
-  enterMutex();
-
-  if( pFile->pOpen->nLock ){
-    /* If there are outstanding locks, do not actually close the file just
-    ** yet because that would clear those locks.  Instead, add the file
-    ** descriptor to pOpen->aPending.  It will be automatically closed when
-    ** the last lock is cleared.
-    */
-    int *aNew;
-    struct openCnt *pOpen = pFile->pOpen;
-    aNew = realloc( pOpen->aPending, (pOpen->nPending+1)*sizeof(int) );
-    if( aNew==0 ){
-      /* If a malloc fails, just leak the file descriptor */
-    }else{
-      pOpen->aPending = aNew;
-      pOpen->aPending[pOpen->nPending] = pFile->h;
-      pOpen->nPending++;
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* There are no outstanding locks so we can close the file immediately */
-    close(pFile->h);
-  }
-  releaseLockInfo(pFile->pLock);
-  releaseOpenCnt(pFile->pOpen);
-
-  leaveMutex();
-  OSTRACE2("CLOSE   %-3d\n", pFile->h);
-  OpenCounter(-1);
-  memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
+  if( id ){
+    unixFile *pFile = (unixFile *)id;
+    unixUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
+    enterMutex();
+    if( pFile->pOpen && pFile->pOpen->nLock ){
+      /* If there are outstanding locks, do not actually close the file just
+      ** yet because that would clear those locks.  Instead, add the file
+      ** descriptor to pOpen->aPending.  It will be automatically closed when
+      ** the last lock is cleared.
+      */
+      int *aNew;
+      struct openCnt *pOpen = pFile->pOpen;
+      aNew = realloc( pOpen->aPending, (pOpen->nPending+1)*sizeof(int) );
+      if( aNew==0 ){
+        /* If a malloc fails, just leak the file descriptor */
+      }else{
+        pOpen->aPending = aNew;
+        pOpen->aPending[pOpen->nPending] = pFile->h;
+        pOpen->nPending++;
+        pFile->h = -1;
+      }
+    }
+    releaseLockInfo(pFile->pLock);
+    releaseOpenCnt(pFile->pOpen);
+    closeUnixFile(id);
+    leaveMutex();
+  }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
@@ -20390,11 +21836,11 @@
  ** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
  ** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, return
  ** non-zero.  If the file is unlocked or holds only SHARED locks, then
  ** return zero.
  */
-static int afpUnixCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id){
+static int afpCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
   int r = 0;
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
 
   assert( pFile );
   afpLockingContext *context = (afpLockingContext *) pFile->lockingContext;
@@ -20418,20 +21864,20 @@
       _AFPFSSetLock(context->filePath, pFile->h, RESERVED_BYTE, 1, 0);
     }
   }
   OSTRACE3("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d\n", pFile->h, r);
 
-  return r;
+  *pResOut = r;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /* AFP-style locking following the behavior of unixLock, see the unixLock
 ** function comments for details of lock management. */
-static int afpUnixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype){
+static int afpLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
   afpLockingContext *context = (afpLockingContext *) pFile->lockingContext;
-  int gotPendingLock = 0;
 
   assert( pFile );
   OSTRACE5("LOCK    %d %s was %s pid=%d\n", pFile->h,
          locktypeName(locktype), locktypeName(pFile->locktype), getpid());
 
@@ -20481,11 +21927,10 @@
   /* If control gets to this point, then actually go ahead and make
   ** operating system calls for the specified lock.
   */
   if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK ){
     int lk, failed;
-    int tries = 0;
 
     /* Now get the read-lock */
     /* note that the quality of the randomness doesn't matter that much */
     lk = random();
     context->sharedLockByte = (lk & 0x7fffffff)%(SHARED_SIZE - 1);
@@ -20516,11 +21961,11 @@
     }
     if (!failed && locktype == EXCLUSIVE_LOCK) {
       /* Acquire an EXCLUSIVE lock */
 
       /* Remove the shared lock before trying the range.  we'll need to
-      ** reestablish the shared lock if we can't get the  afpUnixUnlock
+      ** reestablish the shared lock if we can't get the  afpUnlock
       */
       if (!_AFPFSSetLock(context->filePath, pFile->h, SHARED_FIRST +
                          context->sharedLockByte, 1, 0)) {
         /* now attemmpt to get the exclusive lock range */
         failed = _AFPFSSetLock(context->filePath, pFile->h, SHARED_FIRST,
@@ -20557,12 +22002,11 @@
 ** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
 **
 ** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
 ** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
 */
-static int afpUnixUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
-  struct flock lock;
+static int afpUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
   afpLockingContext *context = (afpLockingContext *) pFile->lockingContext;
 
   assert( pFile );
@@ -20625,25 +22069,17 @@
 }
 
 /*
 ** Close a file & cleanup AFP specific locking context
 */
-static int afpUnixClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-
-  if( !pFile ) return SQLITE_OK;
-  afpUnixUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
-  sqlite3_free(pFile->lockingContext);
-  if( pFile->dirfd>=0 ) close(pFile->dirfd);
-  pFile->dirfd = -1;
-  enterMutex();
-  close(pFile->h);
-  leaveMutex();
-  OSTRACE2("CLOSE   %-3d\n", pFile->h);
-  OpenCounter(-1);
-  memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+static int afpClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
+  if( id ){
+    unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
+    afpUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
+    sqlite3_free(pFile->lockingContext);
+  }
+  return closeUnixFile(id);
 }
 
 
 #pragma mark flock() style locking
 
@@ -20650,28 +22086,29 @@
 /*
 ** The flockLockingContext is not used
 */
 typedef void flockLockingContext;
 
-static int flockUnixCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id){
+static int flockCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
+  int r = 1;
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
 
-  if (pFile->locktype == RESERVED_LOCK) {
-    return 1; /* already have a reserved lock */
-  } else {
+  if (pFile->locktype != RESERVED_LOCK) {
     /* attempt to get the lock */
     int rc = flock(pFile->h, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB);
     if (!rc) {
       /* got the lock, unlock it */
       flock(pFile->h, LOCK_UN);
-      return 0;  /* no one has it reserved */
-    }
-    return 1; /* someone else might have it reserved */
-  }
-}
-
-static int flockUnixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
+      r = 0;  /* no one has it reserved */
+    }
+  }
+
+  *pResOut = r;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int flockLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
 
   /* if we already have a lock, it is exclusive.
   ** Just adjust level and punt on outta here. */
   if (pFile->locktype > NO_LOCK) {
@@ -20689,11 +22126,11 @@
     pFile->locktype = locktype;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
 }
 
-static int flockUnixUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
+static int flockUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
 
   assert( locktype<=SHARED_LOCK );
 
   /* no-op if possible */
@@ -20718,84 +22155,59 @@
 }
 
 /*
 ** Close a file.
 */
-static int flockUnixClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-
-  if( !pFile ) return SQLITE_OK;
-  flockUnixUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
-
-  if( pFile->dirfd>=0 ) close(pFile->dirfd);
-  pFile->dirfd = -1;
-
-  enterMutex();
-  close(pFile->h);
-  leaveMutex();
-  OSTRACE2("CLOSE   %-3d\n", pFile->h);
-  OpenCounter(-1);
-  memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+static int flockClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
+  if( id ){
+    flockUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
+  }
+  return closeUnixFile(id);
 }
 
 #pragma mark Old-School .lock file based locking
 
-/*
-** The dotlockLockingContext structure contains all dotlock (.lock) lock
-** specific state
-*/
-typedef struct dotlockLockingContext dotlockLockingContext;
-struct dotlockLockingContext {
-  char *lockPath;
-};
-
-
-static int dotlockUnixCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id) {
+static int dotlockCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut) {
+  int r = 1;
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  dotlockLockingContext *context;
-
-  context = (dotlockLockingContext*)pFile->lockingContext;
-  if (pFile->locktype == RESERVED_LOCK) {
-    return 1; /* already have a reserved lock */
-  } else {
+  char *zLockFile = (char *)pFile->lockingContext;
+
+  if (pFile->locktype != RESERVED_LOCK) {
     struct stat statBuf;
-    if (lstat(context->lockPath,&statBuf) == 0){
-      /* file exists, someone else has the lock */
-      return 1;
-    }else{
+    if (lstat(zLockFile, &statBuf) != 0){
       /* file does not exist, we could have it if we want it */
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-static int dotlockUnixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
+      r = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *pResOut = r;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int dotlockLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  dotlockLockingContext *context;
   int fd;
-
-  context = (dotlockLockingContext*)pFile->lockingContext;
+  char *zLockFile = (char *)pFile->lockingContext;
 
   /* if we already have a lock, it is exclusive.
   ** Just adjust level and punt on outta here. */
   if (pFile->locktype > NO_LOCK) {
     pFile->locktype = locktype;
 
     /* Always update the timestamp on the old file */
-    utimes(context->lockPath,NULL);
+    utimes(zLockFile, NULL);
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
 
   /* check to see if lock file already exists */
   struct stat statBuf;
-  if (lstat(context->lockPath,&statBuf) == 0){
+  if (lstat(zLockFile,&statBuf) == 0){
     return SQLITE_BUSY; /* it does, busy */
   }
 
   /* grab an exclusive lock */
-  fd = open(context->lockPath,O_RDONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL,0600);
+  fd = open(zLockFile,O_RDONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL,0600);
   if( fd<0 ){
     /* failed to open/create the file, someone else may have stolen the lock */
     return SQLITE_BUSY;
   }
   close(fd);
@@ -20803,15 +22215,13 @@
   /* got it, set the type and return ok */
   pFile->locktype = locktype;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-static int dotlockUnixUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
+static int dotlockUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  dotlockLockingContext *context;
-
-  context = (dotlockLockingContext*)pFile->lockingContext;
+  char *zLockFile = (char *)pFile->lockingContext;
 
   assert( locktype<=SHARED_LOCK );
 
   /* no-op if possible */
   if( pFile->locktype==locktype ){
@@ -20823,33 +22233,25 @@
     pFile->locktype = locktype;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
 
   /* no, really, unlock. */
-  unlink(context->lockPath);
+  unlink(zLockFile);
   pFile->locktype = NO_LOCK;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
  ** Close a file.
  */
-static int dotlockUnixClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-
-  if( !pFile ) return SQLITE_OK;
-  dotlockUnixUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
-  sqlite3_free(pFile->lockingContext);
-  if( pFile->dirfd>=0 ) close(pFile->dirfd);
-  pFile->dirfd = -1;
-  enterMutex();
-  close(pFile->h);
-  leaveMutex();
-  OSTRACE2("CLOSE   %-3d\n", pFile->h);
-  OpenCounter(-1);
-  memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+static int dotlockClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
+  if( id ){
+    unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
+    dotlockUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
+    sqlite3_free(pFile->lockingContext);
+  }
+  return closeUnixFile(id);
 }
 
 
 #pragma mark No locking
 
@@ -20856,38 +22258,28 @@
 /*
 ** The nolockLockingContext is void
 */
 typedef void nolockLockingContext;
 
-static int nolockUnixCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id) {
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static int nolockUnixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-static int nolockUnixUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
+static int nolockCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut) {
+  *pResOut = 0;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int nolockLock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int nolockUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int locktype) {
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Close a file.
 */
-static int nolockUnixClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
-  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-
-  if( !pFile ) return SQLITE_OK;
-  if( pFile->dirfd>=0 ) close(pFile->dirfd);
-  pFile->dirfd = -1;
-  enterMutex();
-  close(pFile->h);
-  leaveMutex();
-  OSTRACE2("CLOSE   %-3d\n", pFile->h);
-  OpenCounter(-1);
-  memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+static int nolockClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
+  return closeUnixFile(id);
 }
 
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
 
 
@@ -20924,249 +22316,133 @@
 static int unixDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id){
   return 0;
 }
 
 /*
-** This vector defines all the methods that can operate on an sqlite3_file
-** for unix.
-*/
-static const sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3UnixIoMethod = {
-  1,                        /* iVersion */
-  unixClose,
-  unixRead,
-  unixWrite,
-  unixTruncate,
-  unixSync,
-  unixFileSize,
-  unixLock,
-  unixUnlock,
-  unixCheckReservedLock,
-  unixFileControl,
-  unixSectorSize,
-  unixDeviceCharacteristics
-};
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-/*
-** This vector defines all the methods that can operate on an sqlite3_file
-** for unix with AFP style file locking.
-*/
-static const sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3AFPLockingUnixIoMethod = {
-  1,                        /* iVersion */
-  afpUnixClose,
-  unixRead,
-  unixWrite,
-  unixTruncate,
-  unixSync,
-  unixFileSize,
-  afpUnixLock,
-  afpUnixUnlock,
-  afpUnixCheckReservedLock,
-  unixFileControl,
-  unixSectorSize,
-  unixDeviceCharacteristics
-};
-
-/*
-** This vector defines all the methods that can operate on an sqlite3_file
-** for unix with flock() style file locking.
-*/
-static const sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3FlockLockingUnixIoMethod = {
-  1,                        /* iVersion */
-  flockUnixClose,
-  unixRead,
-  unixWrite,
-  unixTruncate,
-  unixSync,
-  unixFileSize,
-  flockUnixLock,
-  flockUnixUnlock,
-  flockUnixCheckReservedLock,
-  unixFileControl,
-  unixSectorSize,
-  unixDeviceCharacteristics
-};
-
-/*
-** This vector defines all the methods that can operate on an sqlite3_file
-** for unix with dotlock style file locking.
-*/
-static const sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3DotlockLockingUnixIoMethod = {
-  1,                        /* iVersion */
-  dotlockUnixClose,
-  unixRead,
-  unixWrite,
-  unixTruncate,
-  unixSync,
-  unixFileSize,
-  dotlockUnixLock,
-  dotlockUnixUnlock,
-  dotlockUnixCheckReservedLock,
-  unixFileControl,
-  unixSectorSize,
-  unixDeviceCharacteristics
-};
-
-/*
-** This vector defines all the methods that can operate on an sqlite3_file
-** for unix with nolock style file locking.
-*/
-static const sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3NolockLockingUnixIoMethod = {
-  1,                        /* iVersion */
-  nolockUnixClose,
-  unixRead,
-  unixWrite,
-  unixTruncate,
-  unixSync,
-  unixFileSize,
-  nolockUnixLock,
-  nolockUnixUnlock,
-  nolockUnixCheckReservedLock,
-  unixFileControl,
-  unixSectorSize,
-  unixDeviceCharacteristics
-};
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
-
-/*
-** Allocate memory for a new unixFile and initialize that unixFile.
-** Write a pointer to the new unixFile into *pId.
-** If we run out of memory, close the file and return an error.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-/*
+** Initialize the contents of the unixFile structure pointed to by pId.
+**
 ** When locking extensions are enabled, the filepath and locking style
 ** are needed to determine the unixFile pMethod to use for locking operations.
 ** The locking-style specific lockingContext data structure is created
 ** and assigned here also.
 */
 static int fillInUnixFile(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,      /* Pointer to vfs object */
   int h,                  /* Open file descriptor of file being opened */
   int dirfd,              /* Directory file descriptor */
   sqlite3_file *pId,      /* Write to the unixFile structure here */
   const char *zFilename   /* Name of the file being opened */
 ){
-  sqlite3LockingStyle lockingStyle;
+  /* Macro to define the static contents of an sqlite3_io_methods
+  ** structure for a unix backend file. Different locking methods
+  ** require different functions for the xClose, xLock, xUnlock and
+  ** xCheckReservedLock methods.
+  */
+  #define IOMETHODS(xClose, xLock, xUnlock, xCheckReservedLock) {    \
+    1,                          /* iVersion */                           \
+    xClose,                     /* xClose */                             \
+    unixRead,                   /* xRead */                              \
+    unixWrite,                  /* xWrite */                             \
+    unixTruncate,               /* xTruncate */                          \
+    unixSync,                   /* xSync */                              \
+    unixFileSize,               /* xFileSize */                          \
+    xLock,                      /* xLock */                              \
+    xUnlock,                    /* xUnlock */                            \
+    xCheckReservedLock,         /* xCheckReservedLock */                 \
+    unixFileControl,            /* xFileControl */                       \
+    unixSectorSize,             /* xSectorSize */                        \
+    unixDeviceCharacteristics   /* xDeviceCapabilities */                \
+  }
+  static sqlite3_io_methods aIoMethod[] = {
+    IOMETHODS(unixClose, unixLock, unixUnlock, unixCheckReservedLock)
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
+   ,IOMETHODS(flockClose, flockLock, flockUnlock, flockCheckReservedLock)
+   ,IOMETHODS(dotlockClose, dotlockLock, dotlockUnlock,dotlockCheckReservedLock)
+   ,IOMETHODS(nolockClose, nolockLock, nolockUnlock, nolockCheckReservedLock)
+   ,IOMETHODS(afpClose, afpLock, afpUnlock, afpCheckReservedLock)
+#endif
+  };
+
+  int eLockingStyle;
   unixFile *pNew = (unixFile *)pId;
-  int rc;
-
-#ifdef FD_CLOEXEC
-  fcntl(h, F_SETFD, fcntl(h, F_GETFD, 0) | FD_CLOEXEC);
-#endif
-
-  lockingStyle = sqlite3DetectLockingStyle(zFilename, h);
-  if ( lockingStyle==posixLockingStyle ){
-    enterMutex();
-    rc = findLockInfo(h, &pNew->pLock, &pNew->pOpen);
-    leaveMutex();
-    if( rc ){
-      if( dirfd>=0 ) close(dirfd);
-      close(h);
-      return rc;
-    }
-  } else {
-    /*  pLock and pOpen are only used for posix advisory locking */
-    pNew->pLock = NULL;
-    pNew->pOpen = NULL;
-  }
-
-  OSTRACE3("OPEN    %-3d %s\n", h, zFilename);
-  pNew->dirfd = -1;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  assert( pNew->pLock==NULL );
+  assert( pNew->pOpen==NULL );
+
+  OSTRACE3("OPEN    %-3d %s\n", h, zFilename);
   pNew->h = h;
   pNew->dirfd = dirfd;
   SET_THREADID(pNew);
 
-  switch(lockingStyle) {
-    case afpLockingStyle: {
-      /* afp locking uses the file path so it needs to be included in
-      ** the afpLockingContext */
-      afpLockingContext *context;
-      pNew->pMethod = &sqlite3AFPLockingUnixIoMethod;
-      pNew->lockingContext = context = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*context) );
-      if( context==0 ){
-        close(h);
-        if( dirfd>=0 ) close(dirfd);
-        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-
-      /* NB: zFilename exists and remains valid until the file is closed
-      ** according to requirement F11141.  So we do not need to make a
-      ** copy of the filename. */
-      context->filePath = zFilename;
-      srandomdev();
-      break;
-    }
-    case flockLockingStyle:
-      /* flock locking doesn't need additional lockingContext information */
-      pNew->pMethod = &sqlite3FlockLockingUnixIoMethod;
-      break;
-    case dotlockLockingStyle: {
-      /* dotlock locking uses the file path so it needs to be included in
-      ** the dotlockLockingContext */
-      dotlockLockingContext *context;
+  assert(LOCKING_STYLE_POSIX==1);
+  assert(LOCKING_STYLE_FLOCK==2);
+  assert(LOCKING_STYLE_DOTFILE==3);
+  assert(LOCKING_STYLE_NONE==4);
+  assert(LOCKING_STYLE_AFP==5);
+  eLockingStyle = detectLockingStyle(pVfs, zFilename, h);
+
+  switch( eLockingStyle ){
+
+    case LOCKING_STYLE_POSIX: {
+      enterMutex();
+      rc = findLockInfo(h, &pNew->pLock, &pNew->pOpen);
+      leaveMutex();
+      break;
+    }
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
+    case LOCKING_STYLE_AFP: {
+      /* AFP locking uses the file path so it needs to be included in
+      ** the afpLockingContext.
+      */
+      afpLockingContext *pCtx;
+      pNew->lockingContext = pCtx = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCtx) );
+      if( pCtx==0 ){
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }else{
+        /* NB: zFilename exists and remains valid until the file is closed
+        ** according to requirement F11141.  So we do not need to make a
+        ** copy of the filename. */
+        pCtx->filePath = zFilename;
+        srandomdev();
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case LOCKING_STYLE_DOTFILE: {
+      /* Dotfile locking uses the file path so it needs to be included in
+      ** the dotlockLockingContext
+      */
+      char *zLockFile;
       int nFilename;
-      nFilename = strlen(zFilename);
-      pNew->pMethod = &sqlite3DotlockLockingUnixIoMethod;
-      pNew->lockingContext = context =
-         sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*context) + nFilename + 6 );
-      if( context==0 ){
-        close(h);
-        if( dirfd>=0 ) close(dirfd);
-        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }
-      context->lockPath = (char*)&context[1];
-      sqlite3_snprintf(nFilename, context->lockPath,
-                       "%s.lock", zFilename);
-      break;
-    }
-    case posixLockingStyle:
-      /* posix locking doesn't need additional lockingContext information */
-      pNew->pMethod = &sqlite3UnixIoMethod;
-      break;
-    case noLockingStyle:
-    case unsupportedLockingStyle:
-    default:
-      pNew->pMethod = &sqlite3NolockLockingUnixIoMethod;
-  }
-  OpenCounter(+1);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#else /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
-static int fillInUnixFile(
-  int h,                 /* Open file descriptor on file being opened */
-  int dirfd,
-  sqlite3_file *pId,     /* Write to the unixFile structure here */
-  const char *zFilename  /* Name of the file being opened */
-){
-  unixFile *pNew = (unixFile *)pId;
-  int rc;
-
-#ifdef FD_CLOEXEC
-  fcntl(h, F_SETFD, fcntl(h, F_GETFD, 0) | FD_CLOEXEC);
-#endif
-
-  enterMutex();
-  rc = findLockInfo(h, &pNew->pLock, &pNew->pOpen);
-  leaveMutex();
-  if( rc ){
+      nFilename = strlen(zFilename) + 6;
+      zLockFile = (char *)sqlite3_malloc(nFilename);
+      if( zLockFile==0 ){
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_snprintf(nFilename, zLockFile, "%s.lock", zFilename);
+      }
+      pNew->lockingContext = zLockFile;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case LOCKING_STYLE_FLOCK:
+    case LOCKING_STYLE_NONE:
+      break;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     if( dirfd>=0 ) close(dirfd);
     close(h);
-    return rc;
-  }
-
-  OSTRACE3("OPEN    %-3d %s\n", h, zFilename);
-  pNew->dirfd = -1;
-  pNew->h = h;
-  pNew->dirfd = dirfd;
-  SET_THREADID(pNew);
-
-  pNew->pMethod = &sqlite3UnixIoMethod;
-  OpenCounter(+1);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
+  }else{
+    pNew->pMethod = &aIoMethod[eLockingStyle-1];
+    OpenCounter(+1);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Open a file descriptor to the directory containing file zFilename.
 ** If successful, *pFd is set to the opened file descriptor and
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, either SQLITE_NOMEM
@@ -21194,10 +22470,67 @@
     }
   }
   *pFd = fd;
   return (fd>=0?SQLITE_OK:SQLITE_CANTOPEN);
 }
+
+/*
+** Create a temporary file name in zBuf.  zBuf must be allocated
+** by the calling process and must be big enough to hold at least
+** pVfs->mxPathname bytes.
+*/
+static int getTempname(int nBuf, char *zBuf){
+  static const char *azDirs[] = {
+     0,
+     "/var/tmp",
+     "/usr/tmp",
+     "/tmp",
+     ".",
+  };
+  static const unsigned char zChars[] =
+    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+    "0123456789";
+  int i, j;
+  struct stat buf;
+  const char *zDir = ".";
+
+  /* It's odd to simulate an io-error here, but really this is just
+  ** using the io-error infrastructure to test that SQLite handles this
+  ** function failing.
+  */
+  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR );
+
+  azDirs[0] = sqlite3_temp_directory;
+  for(i=0; i<sizeof(azDirs)/sizeof(azDirs[0]); i++){
+    if( azDirs[i]==0 ) continue;
+    if( stat(azDirs[i], &buf) ) continue;
+    if( !S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode) ) continue;
+    if( access(azDirs[i], 07) ) continue;
+    zDir = azDirs[i];
+    break;
+  }
+
+  /* Check that the output buffer is large enough for the temporary file
+  ** name. If it is not, return SQLITE_ERROR.
+  */
+  if( (strlen(zDir) + strlen(SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX) + 17) >= nBuf ){
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  do{
+    sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf-17, zBuf, "%s/"SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zDir);
+    j = strlen(zBuf);
+    sqlite3_randomness(15, &zBuf[j]);
+    for(i=0; i<15; i++, j++){
+      zBuf[j] = (char)zChars[ ((unsigned char)zBuf[j])%(sizeof(zChars)-1) ];
+    }
+    zBuf[j] = 0;
+  }while( access(zBuf,0)==0 );
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** Open the file zPath.
 **
 ** Previously, the SQLite OS layer used three functions in place of this
@@ -21243,10 +22576,16 @@
   */
   int isOpenDirectory = (isCreate &&
       (eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL)
   );
 
+  /* If argument zPath is a NULL pointer, this function is required to open
+  ** a temporary file. Use this buffer to store the file name in.
+  */
+  char zTmpname[MAX_PATHNAME+1];
+  const char *zName = zPath;
+
   /* Check the following statements are true:
   **
   **   (a) Exactly one of the READWRITE and READONLY flags must be set, and
   **   (b) if CREATE is set, then READWRITE must also be set, and
   **   (c) if EXCLUSIVE is set, then CREATE must also be set.
@@ -21254,11 +22593,10 @@
   */
   assert((isReadonly==0 || isReadWrite==0) && (isReadWrite || isReadonly));
   assert(isCreate==0 || isReadWrite);
   assert(isExclusive==0 || isCreate);
   assert(isDelete==0 || isCreate);
-
 
   /* The main DB, main journal, and master journal are never automatically
   ** deleted
   */
   assert( eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB || !isDelete );
@@ -21270,18 +22608,29 @@
        || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL
        || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL   || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL
        || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB
   );
 
+  memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
+
+  if( !zName ){
+    int rc;
+    assert(isDelete && !isOpenDirectory);
+    rc = getTempname(MAX_PATHNAME+1, zTmpname);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      return rc;
+    }
+    zName = zTmpname;
+  }
+
   if( isReadonly )  oflags |= O_RDONLY;
   if( isReadWrite ) oflags |= O_RDWR;
   if( isCreate )    oflags |= O_CREAT;
   if( isExclusive ) oflags |= (O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW);
   oflags |= (O_LARGEFILE|O_BINARY);
 
-  memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
-  fd = open(zPath, oflags, isDelete?0600:SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS);
+  fd = open(zName, oflags, isDelete?0600:SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS);
   if( fd<0 && errno!=EISDIR && isReadWrite && !isExclusive ){
     /* Failed to open the file for read/write access. Try read-only. */
     flags &= ~(SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE);
     flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
     return unixOpen(pVfs, zPath, pFile, flags, pOutFlags);
@@ -21288,11 +22637,11 @@
   }
   if( fd<0 ){
     return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
   }
   if( isDelete ){
-    unlink(zPath);
+    unlink(zName);
   }
   if( pOutFlags ){
     *pOutFlags = flags;
   }
 
@@ -21302,11 +22651,16 @@
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       close(fd);
       return rc;
     }
   }
-  return fillInUnixFile(fd, dirfd, pFile, zPath);
+
+#ifdef FD_CLOEXEC
+  fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0) | FD_CLOEXEC);
+#endif
+
+  return fillInUnixFile(pVfs, fd, dirfd, pFile, zPath);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Delete the file at zPath. If the dirSync argument is true, fsync()
 ** the directory after deleting the file.
@@ -21336,12 +22690,18 @@
 **     SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE: Return 1 if the file is read and writable.
 **     SQLITE_ACCESS_READONLY: Return 1 if the file is readable.
 **
 ** Otherwise return 0.
 */
-static int unixAccess(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath, int flags){
+static int unixAccess(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  const char *zPath,
+  int flags,
+  int *pResOut
+){
   int amode = 0;
+  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS; );
   switch( flags ){
     case SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS:
       amode = F_OK;
       break;
     case SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE:
@@ -21352,67 +22712,11 @@
       break;
 
     default:
       assert(!"Invalid flags argument");
   }
-  return (access(zPath, amode)==0);
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a temporary file name in zBuf.  zBuf must be allocated
-** by the calling process and must be big enough to hold at least
-** pVfs->mxPathname bytes.
-*/
-static int unixGetTempname(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
-  static const char *azDirs[] = {
-     0,
-     "/var/tmp",
-     "/usr/tmp",
-     "/tmp",
-     ".",
-  };
-  static const unsigned char zChars[] =
-    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-    "0123456789";
-  int i, j;
-  struct stat buf;
-  const char *zDir = ".";
-
-  /* It's odd to simulate an io-error here, but really this is just
-  ** using the io-error infrastructure to test that SQLite handles this
-  ** function failing.
-  */
-  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_ERROR );
-
-  azDirs[0] = sqlite3_temp_directory;
-  for(i=0; i<sizeof(azDirs)/sizeof(azDirs[0]); i++){
-    if( azDirs[i]==0 ) continue;
-    if( stat(azDirs[i], &buf) ) continue;
-    if( !S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode) ) continue;
-    if( access(azDirs[i], 07) ) continue;
-    zDir = azDirs[i];
-    break;
-  }
-
-  /* Check that the output buffer is large enough for the temporary file
-  ** name. If it is not, return SQLITE_ERROR.
-  */
-  if( (strlen(zDir) + strlen(SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX) + 17) >= nBuf ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  do{
-    assert( pVfs->mxPathname==MAX_PATHNAME );
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf-17, zBuf, "%s/"SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zDir);
-    j = strlen(zBuf);
-    sqlite3_randomness(15, &zBuf[j]);
-    for(i=0; i<15; i++, j++){
-      zBuf[j] = (char)zChars[ ((unsigned char)zBuf[j])%(sizeof(zChars)-1) ];
-    }
-    zBuf[j] = 0;
-  }while( access(zBuf,0)==0 );
+  *pResOut = (access(zPath, amode)==0);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 
 /*
@@ -21607,43 +22911,72 @@
   }
 #endif
   return 0;
 }
 
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the sqlite3DefaultVfs structure.   We use
-** a function rather than give the structure global scope because
-** some compilers (MSVC) do not allow forward declarations of
-** initialized structures.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3OsDefaultVfs(void){
-  static sqlite3_vfs unixVfs = {
-    1,                  /* iVersion */
-    sizeof(unixFile),   /* szOsFile */
-    MAX_PATHNAME,       /* mxPathname */
-    0,                  /* pNext */
-    "unix",             /* zName */
-    0,                  /* pAppData */
-
-    unixOpen,           /* xOpen */
-    unixDelete,         /* xDelete */
-    unixAccess,         /* xAccess */
-    unixGetTempname,    /* xGetTempName */
-    unixFullPathname,   /* xFullPathname */
-    unixDlOpen,         /* xDlOpen */
-    unixDlError,        /* xDlError */
-    unixDlSym,          /* xDlSym */
-    unixDlClose,        /* xDlClose */
-    unixRandomness,     /* xRandomness */
-    unixSleep,          /* xSleep */
-    unixCurrentTime     /* xCurrentTime */
-  };
-
-  return &unixVfs;
-}
-
-#endif /* OS_UNIX */
+static int unixGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize the operating system interface.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void){
+  /* Macro to define the static contents of an sqlite3_vfs structure for
+  ** the unix backend. The two parameters are the values to use for
+  ** the sqlite3_vfs.zName and sqlite3_vfs.pAppData fields, respectively.
+  **
+  */
+  #define UNIXVFS(zVfsName, pVfsAppData) {                  \
+    1,                    /* iVersion */                    \
+    sizeof(unixFile),     /* szOsFile */                    \
+    MAX_PATHNAME,         /* mxPathname */                  \
+    0,                    /* pNext */                       \
+    zVfsName,             /* zName */                       \
+    (void *)pVfsAppData,  /* pAppData */                    \
+    unixOpen,             /* xOpen */                       \
+    unixDelete,           /* xDelete */                     \
+    unixAccess,           /* xAccess */                     \
+    unixFullPathname,     /* xFullPathname */               \
+    unixDlOpen,           /* xDlOpen */                     \
+    unixDlError,          /* xDlError */                    \
+    unixDlSym,            /* xDlSym */                      \
+    unixDlClose,          /* xDlClose */                    \
+    unixRandomness,       /* xRandomness */                 \
+    unixSleep,            /* xSleep */                      \
+    unixCurrentTime,      /* xCurrentTime */                \
+    unixGetLastError      /* xGetLastError */               \
+  }
+
+  static sqlite3_vfs unixVfs = UNIXVFS("unix", 0);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
+#if 0
+  int i;
+  static sqlite3_vfs aVfs[] = {
+    UNIXVFS("unix-posix",   LOCKING_STYLE_POSIX),
+    UNIXVFS("unix-afp",     LOCKING_STYLE_AFP),
+    UNIXVFS("unix-flock",   LOCKING_STYLE_FLOCK),
+    UNIXVFS("unix-dotfile", LOCKING_STYLE_DOTFILE),
+    UNIXVFS("unix-none",    LOCKING_STYLE_NONE)
+  };
+  for(i=0; i<(sizeof(aVfs)/sizeof(sqlite3_vfs)); i++){
+    sqlite3_vfs_register(&aVfs[i], 0);
+  }
+#endif
+#endif
+  sqlite3_vfs_register(&unixVfs, 1);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Shutdown the operating system interface. This is a no-op for unix.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_OS_UNIX */
 
 /************** End of os_unix.c *********************************************/
 /************** Begin file os_win.c ******************************************/
 /*
 ** 2004 May 22
@@ -21656,12 +22989,14 @@
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 ******************************************************************************
 **
 ** This file contains code that is specific to windows.
-*/
-#if OS_WIN               /* This file is used for windows only */
+**
+** $Id: os_win.c,v 1.129 2008/06/26 10:41:19 danielk1977 Exp $
+*/
+#if SQLITE_OS_WIN               /* This file is used for windows only */
 
 
 /*
 ** A Note About Memory Allocation:
 **
@@ -21722,11 +23057,15 @@
 ** all of the platform-specific files (os_*.c) and is #included into those
 ** files.
 **
 ** This file should be #included by the os_*.c files only.  It is not a
 ** general purpose header file.
-*/
+**
+** $Id: os_common.h,v 1.37 2008/05/29 20:22:37 shane Exp $
+*/
+#ifndef _OS_COMMON_H_
+#define _OS_COMMON_H_
 
 /*
 ** At least two bugs have slipped in because we changed the MEMORY_DEBUG
 ** macro to SQLITE_DEBUG and some older makefiles have not yet made the
 ** switch.  The following code should catch this problem at compile-time.
@@ -21768,26 +23107,102 @@
 /*
 ** Macros for performance tracing.  Normally turned off.  Only works
 ** on i486 hardware.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
-__inline__ unsigned long long int hwtime(void){
-  unsigned long long int x;
-  __asm__("rdtsc\n\t"
-          "mov %%edx, %%ecx\n\t"
-          :"=A" (x));
-  return x;
-}
-static unsigned long long int g_start;
-static unsigned int elapse;
-#define TIMER_START       g_start=hwtime()
-#define TIMER_END         elapse=hwtime()-g_start
-#define TIMER_ELAPSED     elapse
+
+/*
+** hwtime.h contains inline assembler code for implementing
+** high-performance timing routines.
+*/
+/************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of os_common.h ****************/
+/************** Begin file hwtime.h ******************************************/
+/*
+** 2008 May 27
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
+** counters for x86 class CPUs.
+**
+** $Id: hwtime.h,v 1.2 2008/06/12 02:24:39 shane Exp $
+*/
+#ifndef _HWTIME_H_
+#define _HWTIME_H_
+
+/*
+** The following routine only works on pentium-class (or newer) processors.
+** It uses the RDTSC opcode to read the cycle count value out of the
+** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
+** profiling.
+*/
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
+      (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
+
+  #if defined(__GNUC__)
+
+  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
+     unsigned int lo, hi;
+     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
+     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
+  }
+
+  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+  __declspec(naked) __inline sqlite_uint64 __cdecl sqlite3Hwtime(void){
+     __asm {
+        rdtsc
+        ret       ; return value at EDX:EAX
+     }
+  }
+
+  #endif
+
+#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
+
+  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
+      unsigned long val;
+      __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
+      return val;
+  }
+
+#else
+
+  #error Need implementation of sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform.
+
+  /*
+  ** To compile without implementing sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform,
+  ** you can remove the above #error and use the following
+  ** stub function.  You will lose timing support for many
+  ** of the debugging and testing utilities, but it should at
+  ** least compile and run.
+  */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
+
+#endif
+
+#endif /* !defined(_HWTIME_H_) */
+
+/************** End of hwtime.h **********************************************/
+/************** Continuing where we left off in os_common.h ******************/
+
+static sqlite_uint64 g_start;
+static sqlite_uint64 g_elapsed;
+#define TIMER_START       g_start=sqlite3Hwtime()
+#define TIMER_END         g_elapsed=sqlite3Hwtime()-g_start
+#define TIMER_ELAPSED     g_elapsed
 #else
 #define TIMER_START
 #define TIMER_END
-#define TIMER_ELAPSED     0
+#define TIMER_ELAPSED     ((sqlite_uint64)0)
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** If we compile with the SQLITE_TEST macro set, then the following block
 ** of code will give us the ability to simulate a disk I/O error.  This
@@ -21836,29 +23251,28 @@
 #define OpenCounter(X)  sqlite3_open_file_count+=(X)
 #else
 #define OpenCounter(X)
 #endif
 
+#endif /* !defined(_OS_COMMON_H_) */
+
 /************** End of os_common.h *******************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in os_win.c *********************/
 
 /*
 ** Determine if we are dealing with WindowsCE - which has a much
 ** reduced API.
 */
-#if defined(_WIN32_WCE)
-# define OS_WINCE 1
-# define AreFileApisANSI() 1
-#else
-# define OS_WINCE 0
+#if defined(SQLITE_OS_WINCE)
+# define AreFileApisANSI() 1
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** WinCE lacks native support for file locking so we have to fake it
 ** with some code of our own.
 */
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
 typedef struct winceLock {
   int nReaders;       /* Number of reader locks obtained */
   BOOL bPending;      /* Indicates a pending lock has been obtained */
   BOOL bReserved;     /* Indicates a reserved lock has been obtained */
   BOOL bExclusive;    /* Indicates an exclusive lock has been obtained */
@@ -21873,11 +23287,11 @@
 struct winFile {
   const sqlite3_io_methods *pMethod;/* Must be first */
   HANDLE h;               /* Handle for accessing the file */
   unsigned char locktype; /* Type of lock currently held on this file */
   short sharedLockByte;   /* Randomly chosen byte used as a shared lock */
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
   WCHAR *zDeleteOnClose;  /* Name of file to delete when closing */
   HANDLE hMutex;          /* Mutex used to control access to shared lock */
   HANDLE hShared;         /* Shared memory segment used for locking */
   winceLock local;        /* Locks obtained by this instance of winFile */
   winceLock *shared;      /* Global shared lock memory for the file  */
@@ -21912,11 +23326,11 @@
 ** API as long as we don't call it win running Win95/98/ME.  A call to
 ** this routine is used to determine if the host is Win95/98/ME or
 ** WinNT/2K/XP so that we will know whether or not we can safely call
 ** the LockFileEx() API.
 */
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
 # define isNT()  (1)
 #else
   static int isNT(void){
     if( sqlite3_os_type==0 ){
       OSVERSIONINFO sInfo;
@@ -21924,11 +23338,11 @@
       GetVersionEx(&sInfo);
       sqlite3_os_type = sInfo.dwPlatformId==VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT ? 2 : 1;
     }
     return sqlite3_os_type==2;
   }
-#endif /* OS_WINCE */
+#endif /* SQLITE_OS_WINCE */
 
 /*
 ** Convert a UTF-8 string to microsoft unicode (UTF-16?).
 **
 ** Space to hold the returned string is obtained from malloc.
@@ -22055,11 +23469,11 @@
   zFilenameMbcs = unicodeToMbcs(zTmpWide);
   free(zTmpWide);
   return zFilenameMbcs;
 }
 
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
 /*************************************************************************
 ** This section contains code for WinCE only.
 */
 /*
 ** WindowsCE does not have a localtime() function.  So create a
@@ -22358,11 +23772,11 @@
   return FALSE;
 }
 /*
 ** End of the special code for wince
 *****************************************************************************/
-#endif /* OS_WINCE */
+#endif /* SQLITE_OS_WINCE */
 
 /*****************************************************************************
 ** The next group of routines implement the I/O methods specified
 ** by the sqlite3_io_methods object.
 ******************************************************************************/
@@ -22383,11 +23797,11 @@
   winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
   OSTRACE2("CLOSE %d\n", pFile->h);
   do{
     rc = CloseHandle(pFile->h);
   }while( rc==0 && cnt++ < MX_CLOSE_ATTEMPT && (Sleep(100), 1) );
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
 #define WINCE_DELETION_ATTEMPTS 3
   winceDestroyLock(pFile);
   if( pFile->zDeleteOnClose ){
     int cnt = 0;
     while(
@@ -22716,11 +24130,11 @@
 /*
 ** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
 ** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, return
 ** non-zero, otherwise zero.
 */
-static int winCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id){
+static int winCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
   int rc;
   winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
   assert( pFile!=0 );
   if( pFile->locktype>=RESERVED_LOCK ){
     rc = 1;
@@ -22731,11 +24145,12 @@
       UnlockFile(pFile->h, RESERVED_BYTE, 0, 1, 0);
     }
     rc = !rc;
     OSTRACE3("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d (remote)\n", pFile->h, rc);
   }
-  return rc;
+  *pResOut = rc;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Lower the locking level on file descriptor id to locktype.  locktype
 ** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
@@ -22853,10 +24268,61 @@
   /* caller will handle out of memory */
   return zConverted;
 }
 
 /*
+** Create a temporary file name in zBuf.  zBuf must be big enough to
+** hold at pVfs->mxPathname characters.
+*/
+static int getTempname(int nBuf, char *zBuf){
+  static char zChars[] =
+    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+    "0123456789";
+  int i, j;
+  char zTempPath[MAX_PATH+1];
+  if( sqlite3_temp_directory ){
+    sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATH-30, zTempPath, "%s", sqlite3_temp_directory);
+  }else if( isNT() ){
+    char *zMulti;
+    WCHAR zWidePath[MAX_PATH];
+    GetTempPathW(MAX_PATH-30, zWidePath);
+    zMulti = unicodeToUtf8(zWidePath);
+    if( zMulti ){
+      sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATH-30, zTempPath, "%s", zMulti);
+      free(zMulti);
+    }else{
+      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+  }else{
+    char *zUtf8;
+    char zMbcsPath[MAX_PATH];
+    GetTempPathA(MAX_PATH-30, zMbcsPath);
+    zUtf8 = mbcsToUtf8(zMbcsPath);
+    if( zUtf8 ){
+      sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATH-30, zTempPath, "%s", zUtf8);
+      free(zUtf8);
+    }else{
+      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+  }
+  for(i=strlen(zTempPath); i>0 && zTempPath[i-1]=='\\'; i--){}
+  zTempPath[i] = 0;
+  sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf-30, zBuf,
+                   "%s\\"SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zTempPath);
+  j = strlen(zBuf);
+  sqlite3_randomness(20, &zBuf[j]);
+  for(i=0; i<20; i++, j++){
+    zBuf[j] = (char)zChars[ ((unsigned char)zBuf[j])%(sizeof(zChars)-1) ];
+  }
+  zBuf[j] = 0;
+  OSTRACE2("TEMP FILENAME: %s\n", zBuf);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
 ** Open a file.
 */
 static int winOpen(
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,        /* Not used */
   const char *zName,        /* Name of the file (UTF-8) */
@@ -22869,11 +24335,27 @@
   DWORD dwShareMode;
   DWORD dwCreationDisposition;
   DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes = 0;
   int isTemp;
   winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-  void *zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zName);
+  void *zConverted;                 /* Filename in OS encoding */
+  const char *zUtf8Name = zName;    /* Filename in UTF-8 encoding */
+  char zTmpname[MAX_PATH+1];        /* Buffer used to create temp filename */
+
+  /* If the second argument to this function is NULL, generate a
+  ** temporary file name to use
+  */
+  if( !zUtf8Name ){
+    int rc = getTempname(MAX_PATH+1, zTmpname);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      return rc;
+    }
+    zUtf8Name = zTmpname;
+  }
+
+  /* Convert the filename to the system encoding. */
+  zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zUtf8Name);
   if( zConverted==0 ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
 
   if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE ){
@@ -22890,11 +24372,11 @@
     dwShareMode = FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE;
   }else{
     dwShareMode = 0;
   }
   if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE ){
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
     dwFlagsAndAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
 #else
     dwFlagsAndAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY
                                | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
                                | FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE;
@@ -22915,11 +24397,11 @@
        dwCreationDisposition,
        dwFlagsAndAttributes,
        NULL
     );
   }else{
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
 #else
     h = CreateFileA((char*)zConverted,
        dwDesiredAccess,
        dwShareMode,
@@ -22947,11 +24429,11 @@
     }
   }
   memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(*pFile));
   pFile->pMethod = &winIoMethod;
   pFile->h = h;
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
   if( (flags & (SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)) ==
                (SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)
        && !winceCreateLock(zName, pFile)
   ){
     CloseHandle(h);
@@ -22998,11 +24480,11 @@
     do{
       DeleteFileW(zConverted);
     }while( (rc = GetFileAttributesW(zConverted))!=0xffffffff
             && cnt++ < MX_DELETION_ATTEMPTS && (Sleep(100), 1) );
   }else{
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
 #else
     do{
       DeleteFileA(zConverted);
     }while( (rc = GetFileAttributesA(zConverted))!=0xffffffff
@@ -23018,11 +24500,12 @@
 ** Check the existance and status of a file.
 */
 static int winAccess(
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,         /* Not used on win32 */
   const char *zFilename,     /* Name of file to check */
-  int flags                  /* Type of test to make on this file */
+  int flags,                 /* Type of test to make on this file */
+  int *pResOut               /* OUT: Result */
 ){
   DWORD attr;
   int rc;
   void *zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zFilename);
   if( zConverted==0 ){
@@ -23029,11 +24512,11 @@
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
   if( isNT() ){
     attr = GetFileAttributesW((WCHAR*)zConverted);
   }else{
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
 #else
     attr = GetFileAttributesA((char*)zConverted);
 #endif
   }
@@ -23047,63 +24530,14 @@
       rc = (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)==0;
       break;
     default:
       assert(!"Invalid flags argument");
   }
-  return rc;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** Create a temporary file name in zBuf.  zBuf must be big enough to
-** hold at pVfs->mxPathname characters.
-*/
-static int winGetTempname(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
-  static char zChars[] =
-    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-    "0123456789";
-  int i, j;
-  char zTempPath[MAX_PATH+1];
-  if( sqlite3_temp_directory ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATH-30, zTempPath, "%s", sqlite3_temp_directory);
-  }else if( isNT() ){
-    char *zMulti;
-    WCHAR zWidePath[MAX_PATH];
-    GetTempPathW(MAX_PATH-30, zWidePath);
-    zMulti = unicodeToUtf8(zWidePath);
-    if( zMulti ){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATH-30, zTempPath, "%s", zMulti);
-      free(zMulti);
-    }else{
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-  }else{
-    char *zUtf8;
-    char zMbcsPath[MAX_PATH];
-    GetTempPathA(MAX_PATH-30, zMbcsPath);
-    zUtf8 = mbcsToUtf8(zMbcsPath);
-    if( zUtf8 ){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(MAX_PATH-30, zTempPath, "%s", zUtf8);
-      free(zUtf8);
-    }else{
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }
-  }
-  for(i=strlen(zTempPath); i>0 && zTempPath[i-1]=='\\'; i--){}
-  zTempPath[i] = 0;
-  sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf-30, zBuf,
-                   "%s\\"SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zTempPath);
-  j = strlen(zBuf);
-  sqlite3_randomness(20, &zBuf[j]);
-  for(i=0; i<20; i++, j++){
-    zBuf[j] = (char)zChars[ ((unsigned char)zBuf[j])%(sizeof(zChars)-1) ];
-  }
-  zBuf[j] = 0;
-  OSTRACE2("TEMP FILENAME: %s\n", zBuf);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
+  *pResOut = rc;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** Turn a relative pathname into a full pathname.  Write the full
 ** pathname into zOut[].  zOut[] will be at least pVfs->mxPathname
 ** bytes in size.
@@ -23118,17 +24552,17 @@
 #if defined(__CYGWIN__)
   cygwin_conv_to_full_win32_path(zRelative, zFull);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 #endif
 
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
   /* WinCE has no concept of a relative pathname, or so I am told. */
   sqlite3_snprintf(pVfs->mxPathname, zFull, "%s", zRelative);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 #endif
 
-#if !OS_WINCE && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#if !SQLITE_OS_WINCE && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
   int nByte;
   void *zConverted;
   char *zOut;
   zConverted = convertUtf8Filename(zRelative);
   if( isNT() ){
@@ -23182,21 +24616,21 @@
     return 0;
   }
   if( isNT() ){
     h = LoadLibraryW((WCHAR*)zConverted);
   }else{
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
     return 0;
 #else
     h = LoadLibraryA((char*)zConverted);
 #endif
   }
   free(zConverted);
   return (void*)h;
 }
 static void winDlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBufOut){
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
   int error = GetLastError();
   if( error>0x7FFFFFF ){
     sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf, zBufOut, "OsError 0x%x", error);
   }else{
     sqlite3_snprintf(nBuf, zBufOut, "OsError %d", error);
@@ -23212,11 +24646,11 @@
     0
   );
 #endif
 }
 void *winDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle, const char *zSymbol){
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
   /* The GetProcAddressA() routine is only available on wince. */
   return GetProcAddressA((HANDLE)pHandle, zSymbol);
 #else
   /* All other windows platforms expect GetProcAddress() to take
   ** an Ansi string regardless of the _UNICODE setting */
@@ -23290,11 +24724,11 @@
   FILETIME ft;
   /* FILETIME structure is a 64-bit value representing the number of
      100-nanosecond intervals since January 1, 1601 (= JD 2305813.5).
   */
   double now;
-#if OS_WINCE
+#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
   SYSTEMTIME time;
   GetSystemTime(&time);
   SystemTimeToFileTime(&time,&ft);
 #else
   GetSystemTimeAsFileTime( &ft );
@@ -23307,18 +24741,18 @@
   }
 #endif
   return 0;
 }
 
-
-/*
-** Return a pointer to the sqlite3DefaultVfs structure.   We use
-** a function rather than give the structure global scope because
-** some compilers (MSVC) do not allow forward declarations of
-** initialized structures.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3OsDefaultVfs(void){
+static int winGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize and deinitialize the operating system interface.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void){
   static sqlite3_vfs winVfs = {
     1,                 /* iVersion */
     sizeof(winFile),   /* szOsFile */
     MAX_PATH,          /* mxPathname */
     0,                 /* pNext */
@@ -23326,25 +24760,28 @@
     0,                 /* pAppData */
 
     winOpen,           /* xOpen */
     winDelete,         /* xDelete */
     winAccess,         /* xAccess */
-    winGetTempname,    /* xGetTempName */
     winFullPathname,   /* xFullPathname */
     winDlOpen,         /* xDlOpen */
     winDlError,        /* xDlError */
     winDlSym,          /* xDlSym */
     winDlClose,        /* xDlClose */
     winRandomness,     /* xRandomness */
     winSleep,          /* xSleep */
-    winCurrentTime     /* xCurrentTime */
-  };
-
-  return &winVfs;
-}
-
-#endif /* OS_WIN */
+    winCurrentTime,    /* xCurrentTime */
+    winGetLastError    /* xGetLastError */
+  };
+  sqlite3_vfs_register(&winVfs, 1);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_OS_WIN */
 
 /************** End of os_win.c **********************************************/
 /************** Begin file bitvec.c ******************************************/
 /*
 ** 2008 February 16
@@ -23378,11 +24815,11 @@
 ** sometimes grow into tens of thousands or larger.  The size of the
 ** Bitvec object is the number of pages in the database file at the
 ** start of a transaction, and is thus usually less than a few thousand,
 ** but can be as large as 2 billion for a really big database.
 **
-** @(#) $Id: bitvec.c,v 1.5 2008/05/13 13:27:34 drh Exp $
+** @(#) $Id: bitvec.c,v 1.6 2008/06/20 14:59:51 danielk1977 Exp $
 */
 
 #define BITVEC_SZ        512
 /* Round the union size down to the nearest pointer boundary, since that's how
 ** it will be aligned within the Bitvec struct. */
@@ -23485,13 +24922,13 @@
   }
   if( p->iDivisor ){
     u32 bin = (i-1)/p->iDivisor;
     i = (i-1)%p->iDivisor + 1;
     if( p->u.apSub[bin]==0 ){
-      sqlite3FaultBeginBenign(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC);
+      sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
       p->u.apSub[bin] = sqlite3BitvecCreate( p->iDivisor );
-      sqlite3FaultEndBenign(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC);
+      sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
       if( p->u.apSub[bin]==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
     return sqlite3BitvecSet(p->u.apSub[bin], i);
   }
   h = BITVEC_HASH(i);
@@ -23691,11 +25128,11 @@
 ** is separate from the database file.  The pager also implements file
 ** locking to prevent two processes from writing the same database
 ** file simultaneously, or one process from reading the database while
 ** another is writing.
 **
-** @(#) $Id: pager.c,v 1.446 2008/05/13 13:27:34 drh Exp $
+** @(#) $Id: pager.c,v 1.465 2008/07/11 03:34:10 drh Exp $
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
 
 /*
 ** Macros for troubleshooting.  Normally turned off
@@ -23939,10 +25376,11 @@
   u8 alwaysRollback;             /* Disable DontRollback() for this page */
   u8 needRead;                   /* Read content if PagerWrite() is called */
   short int nRef;                /* Number of users of this page */
   PgHdr *pDirty, *pPrevDirty;    /* Dirty pages */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
+  PgHdr *pPrevAll;               /* A list of all pages */
   PagerLruLink gfree;            /* Global list of nRef==0 pages */
 #endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
   u32 pageHash;
 #endif
@@ -24042,11 +25480,10 @@
   Bitvec *pInJournal;         /* One bit for each page in the database file */
   Bitvec *pInStmt;            /* One bit for each page in the database */
   char *zFilename;            /* Name of the database file */
   char *zJournal;             /* Name of the journal file */
   char *zDirectory;           /* Directory hold database and journal files */
-  char *zStmtJrnl;            /* Name of the statement journal file */
   sqlite3_file *fd, *jfd;     /* File descriptors for database and journal */
   sqlite3_file *stfd;         /* File descriptor for the statement subjournal*/
   BusyHandler *pBusyHandler;  /* Pointer to sqlite.busyHandler */
   PagerLruList lru;           /* LRU list of free pages */
   PgHdr *pAll;                /* List of all pages */
@@ -24071,15 +25508,16 @@
   int nHash;                  /* Size of the pager hash table */
   PgHdr **aHash;              /* Hash table to map page number to PgHdr */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
   Pager *pNext;               /* Doubly linked list of pagers on which */
   Pager *pPrev;               /* sqlite3_release_memory() will work */
-  int iInUseMM;               /* Non-zero if unavailable to MM */
-  int iInUseDB;               /* Non-zero if in sqlite3_release_memory() */
+  volatile int iInUseMM;      /* Non-zero if unavailable to MM */
+  volatile int iInUseDB;      /* Non-zero if in sqlite3_release_memory() */
 #endif
   char *pTmpSpace;            /* Pager.pageSize bytes of space for tmp use */
   char dbFileVers[16];        /* Changes whenever database file changes */
+  i64 journalSizeLimit;       /* Size limit for persistent journal files */
 };
 
 /*
 ** The following global variables hold counters used for
 ** testing purposes only.  These variables do not exist in
@@ -24188,11 +25626,11 @@
   static void pagerEnter(Pager *p){
     p->iInUseDB++;
     if( p->iInUseMM && p->iInUseDB==1 ){
 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
       sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
-      mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2);
+      mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2);
 #endif
       p->iInUseDB = 0;
       sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
       p->iInUseDB = 1;
       sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
@@ -24286,13 +25724,13 @@
 */
 static void lruListAdd(PgHdr *pPg){
   listAdd(&pPg->pPager->lru, &pPg->free, pPg);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
   if( !pPg->pPager->memDb ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
     listAdd(&sqlite3LruPageList, &pPg->gfree, pPg);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
   }
 #endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -24302,13 +25740,13 @@
 */
 static void lruListRemove(PgHdr *pPg){
   listRemove(&pPg->pPager->lru, &pPg->free, pPg);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
   if( !pPg->pPager->memDb ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
     listRemove(&sqlite3LruPageList, &pPg->gfree, pPg);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
   }
 #endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -24321,15 +25759,15 @@
 static void lruListSetFirstSynced(Pager *pPager){
   pPager->lru.pFirstSynced = pPager->lru.pFirst;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
   if( !pPager->memDb ){
     PgHdr *p;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
     for(p=sqlite3LruPageList.pFirst; p && p->needSync; p=p->gfree.pNext);
     assert(p==pPager->lru.pFirstSynced || p==sqlite3LruPageList.pFirstSynced);
     sqlite3LruPageList.pFirstSynced = p;
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
   }
 #endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -24358,13 +25796,13 @@
     N = SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT/sizeof(aHash[0]);
   }
   if( N==pPager->nHash ) return;
 #endif
   pagerLeave(pPager);
-  if( pPager->aHash!=0 ) sqlite3FaultBeginBenign(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC);
+  if( pPager->aHash!=0 ) sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
   aHash = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(aHash[0])*N );
-  if( pPager->aHash!=0 ) sqlite3FaultEndBenign(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC);
+  if( pPager->aHash!=0 ) sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
   pagerEnter(pPager);
   if( aHash==0 ){
     /* Failure to rehash is not an error.  It is only a performance hit. */
     return;
   }
@@ -24443,23 +25881,24 @@
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
 static int jrnlBufferSize(Pager *pPager){
   int dc;           /* Device characteristics */
   int nSector;      /* Sector size */
-  int nPage;        /* Page size */
+  int szPage;        /* Page size */
   sqlite3_file *fd = pPager->fd;
 
   if( fd->pMethods ){
     dc = sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(fd);
     nSector = sqlite3OsSectorSize(fd);
-    nPage = pPager->pageSize;
+    szPage = pPager->pageSize;
   }
 
   assert(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512==(512>>8));
   assert(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K==(65536>>8));
 
-  if( !fd->pMethods || (dc&(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC|(nPage>>8))&&nSector<=nPage) ){
+  if( !fd->pMethods ||
+       (dc & (SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC|(szPage>>8)) && nSector<=szPage) ){
     return JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) + JOURNAL_PG_SZ(pPager);
   }
   return 0;
 }
 #endif
@@ -24644,18 +26083,34 @@
 static int zeroJournalHdr(Pager *pPager, int doTruncate){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   static const char zeroHdr[28];
 
   if( pPager->journalOff ){
+    i64 iLimit = pPager->journalSizeLimit;
+
     IOTRACE(("JZEROHDR %p\n", pPager))
-    if( doTruncate ){
+    if( doTruncate || iLimit==0 ){
       rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pPager->jfd, 0);
     }else{
       rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, zeroHdr, sizeof(zeroHdr), 0);
     }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !pPager->noSync ){
       rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->jfd, SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY|pPager->sync_flags);
+    }
+
+    /* At this point the transaction is committed but the write lock
+    ** is still held on the file. If there is a size limit configured for
+    ** the persistent journal and the journal file currently consumes more
+    ** space than that limit allows for, truncate it now. There is no need
+    ** to sync the file following this operation.
+    */
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iLimit>0 ){
+      i64 sz;
+      rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->jfd, &sz);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sz>iLimit ){
+        rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pPager->jfd, iLimit);
+      }
     }
   }
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -24948,11 +26403,11 @@
   for(pPg=pPager->pAll; pPg; pPg=pNext){
     IOTRACE(("PGFREE %p %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno));
     PAGER_INCR(sqlite3_pager_pgfree_count);
     pNext = pPg->pNextAll;
     lruListRemove(pPg);
-    sqlite3_free(pPg->pData);
+    sqlite3PageFree(pPg->pData);
     sqlite3_free(pPg);
   }
   assert(pPager->lru.pFirst==0);
   assert(pPager->lru.pFirstSynced==0);
   assert(pPager->lru.pLast==0);
@@ -25028,13 +26483,13 @@
 ** do not attempt the rollback.
 */
 static void pagerUnlockAndRollback(Pager *p){
   /* assert( p->state>=PAGER_RESERVED || p->journalOpen==0 ); */
   if( p->errCode==SQLITE_OK && p->state>=PAGER_RESERVED ){
-    sqlite3FaultBeginBenign(-1);
+    sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
     sqlite3PagerRollback(p);
-    sqlite3FaultEndBenign(-1);
+    sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
   }
   pager_unlock(p);
 #if 0
   assert( p->errCode || !p->journalOpen || (p->exclusiveMode&&!p->journalOff) );
   assert( p->errCode || !p->stmtOpen || p->exclusiveMode );
@@ -25080,11 +26535,11 @@
       pPager->journalOff = 0;
       pPager->journalStarted = 0;
     }else{
       sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
       pPager->journalOpen = 0;
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !pPager->tempFile ){
         rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pPager->pVfs, pPager->zJournal, 0);
       }
     }
     sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pPager->pInJournal);
     pPager->pInJournal = 0;
@@ -25304,11 +26759,11 @@
   i64 nMasterJournal;       /* Size of master journal file */
 
   /* Open the master journal file exclusively in case some other process
   ** is running this routine also. Not that it makes too much difference.
   */
-  pMaster = (sqlite3_file *)sqlite3_malloc(pVfs->szOsFile * 2);
+  pMaster = (sqlite3_file *)sqlite3Malloc(pVfs->szOsFile * 2);
   pJournal = (sqlite3_file *)(((u8 *)pMaster) + pVfs->szOsFile);
   if( !pMaster ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }else{
     int flags = (SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY|SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL);
@@ -25326,11 +26781,11 @@
     int nMasterPtr = pPager->pVfs->mxPathname+1;
 
     /* Load the entire master journal file into space obtained from
     ** sqlite3_malloc() and pointed to by zMasterJournal.
     */
-    zMasterJournal = (char *)sqlite3_malloc(nMasterJournal + nMasterPtr);
+    zMasterJournal = (char *)sqlite3Malloc(nMasterJournal + nMasterPtr);
     if( !zMasterJournal ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       goto delmaster_out;
     }
     zMasterPtr = &zMasterJournal[nMasterJournal];
@@ -25337,16 +26792,16 @@
     rc = sqlite3OsRead(pMaster, zMasterJournal, nMasterJournal, 0);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto delmaster_out;
 
     zJournal = zMasterJournal;
     while( (zJournal-zMasterJournal)<nMasterJournal ){
-      rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zJournal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS);
-      if( rc!=0 && rc!=1 ){
-        rc = SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
+      int exists;
+      rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zJournal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &exists);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
         goto delmaster_out;
       }
-      if( rc==1 ){
+      if( exists ){
         /* One of the journals pointed to by the master journal exists.
         ** Open it and check if it points at the master journal. If
         ** so, return without deleting the master journal file.
         */
         int c;
@@ -25500,14 +26955,14 @@
 */
 static int pager_playback(Pager *pPager, int isHot){
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = pPager->pVfs;
   i64 szJ;                 /* Size of the journal file in bytes */
   u32 nRec;                /* Number of Records in the journal */
-  int i;                   /* Loop counter */
+  u32 i;                   /* Loop counter */
   Pgno mxPg = 0;           /* Size of the original file in pages */
   int rc;                  /* Result code of a subroutine */
-  int res = 0;             /* Value returned by sqlite3OsAccess() */
+  int res = 1;             /* Value returned by sqlite3OsAccess() */
   char *zMaster = 0;       /* Name of master journal file if any */
 
   /* Figure out how many records are in the journal.  Abort early if
   ** the journal is empty.
   */
@@ -25522,19 +26977,15 @@
   ** present on disk, then the journal is not hot and does not need to be
   ** played back.
   */
   zMaster = pPager->pTmpSpace;
   rc = readMasterJournal(pPager->jfd, zMaster, pPager->pVfs->mxPathname+1);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || (zMaster[0]
-   && (res=sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zMaster, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS))==0 )
-  ){
-    zMaster = 0;
-    goto end_playback;
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && zMaster[0] ){
+    rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zMaster, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &res);
   }
   zMaster = 0;
-  if( res<0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || !res ){
     goto end_playback;
   }
   pPager->journalOff = 0;
 
   /* This loop terminates either when the readJournalHdr() call returns
@@ -25789,25 +27240,23 @@
 ** Write the file descriptor into *fd.  Return SQLITE_OK on success or some
 ** other error code if we fail. The OS will automatically delete the temporary
 ** file when it is closed.
 */
 static int sqlite3PagerOpentemp(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,    /* The virtual file system layer */
-  sqlite3_file *pFile,  /* Write the file descriptor here */
-  char *zFilename,      /* Name of the file.  Might be NULL */
+  Pager *pPager,        /* The pager object */
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,  /* Write the file descriptor here */
   int vfsFlags          /* Flags passed through to the VFS */
 ){
   int rc;
-  assert( zFilename!=0 );
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
   sqlite3_opentemp_count++;  /* Used for testing and analysis only */
 #endif
 
   vfsFlags |=  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
             SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE | SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE;
-  rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, zFilename, pFile, vfsFlags, 0);
+  rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pPager->pVfs, 0, pFile, vfsFlags, 0);
   assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pFile->pMethods );
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -25840,64 +27289,49 @@
   int memDb = 0;
   int readOnly = 0;
   int useJournal = (flags & PAGER_OMIT_JOURNAL)==0;
   int noReadlock = (flags & PAGER_NO_READLOCK)!=0;
   int journalFileSize = sqlite3JournalSize(pVfs);
-  int nDefaultPage = SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;
-  char *zPathname;
-  int nPathname;
-  char *zStmtJrnl;
-  int nStmtJrnl;
+  int szPageDflt = SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;
+  char *zPathname = 0;
+  int nPathname = 0;
 
   /* The default return is a NULL pointer */
   *ppPager = 0;
 
-  /* Compute the full pathname */
-  nPathname = pVfs->mxPathname+1;
-  zPathname = sqlite3_malloc(nPathname*2);
-  if( zPathname==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
+  /* Compute and store the full pathname in an allocated buffer pointed
+  ** to by zPathname, length nPathname. Or, if this is a temporary file,
+  ** leave both nPathname and zPathname set to 0.
+  */
   if( zFilename && zFilename[0] ){
+    nPathname = pVfs->mxPathname+1;
+    zPathname = sqlite3Malloc(nPathname*2);
+    if( zPathname==0 ){
+      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
     if( strcmp(zFilename,":memory:")==0 ){
       memDb = 1;
       zPathname[0] = 0;
     }else
 #endif
     {
       rc = sqlite3OsFullPathname(pVfs, zFilename, nPathname, zPathname);
     }
-  }else{
-    rc = sqlite3OsGetTempname(pVfs, nPathname, zPathname);
-  }
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_free(zPathname);
-    return rc;
-  }
-  nPathname = strlen(zPathname);
-
-  /* Put the statement journal in temporary disk space since this is
-  ** sometimes RAM disk or other optimized storage.  Unlikely the main
-  ** main journal file, the statement journal does not need to be
-  ** colocated with the database nor does it need to be persistent.
-  */
-  zStmtJrnl = &zPathname[nPathname+1];
-  rc = sqlite3OsGetTempname(pVfs, pVfs->mxPathname+1, zStmtJrnl);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_free(zPathname);
-    return rc;
-  }
-  nStmtJrnl = strlen(zStmtJrnl);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3_free(zPathname);
+      return rc;
+    }
+    nPathname = strlen(zPathname);
+  }
 
   /* Allocate memory for the pager structure */
   pPager = sqlite3MallocZero(
     sizeof(*pPager) +           /* Pager structure */
     journalFileSize +           /* The journal file structure */
     pVfs->szOsFile * 3 +        /* The main db and two journal files */
-    3*nPathname + 40 +          /* zFilename, zDirectory, zJournal */
-    nStmtJrnl                   /* zStmtJrnl */
+    3*nPathname + 40            /* zFilename, zDirectory, zJournal */
   );
   if( !pPager ){
     sqlite3_free(zPathname);
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
@@ -25907,15 +27341,15 @@
   pPager->stfd = (sqlite3_file*)&pPtr[pVfs->szOsFile*1];
   pPager->jfd = (sqlite3_file*)&pPtr[pVfs->szOsFile*2];
   pPager->zFilename = (char*)&pPtr[pVfs->szOsFile*2+journalFileSize];
   pPager->zDirectory = &pPager->zFilename[nPathname+1];
   pPager->zJournal = &pPager->zDirectory[nPathname+1];
-  pPager->zStmtJrnl = &pPager->zJournal[nPathname+10];
   pPager->pVfs = pVfs;
-  memcpy(pPager->zFilename, zPathname, nPathname+1);
-  memcpy(pPager->zStmtJrnl, zStmtJrnl, nStmtJrnl+1);
-  sqlite3_free(zPathname);
+  if( zPathname ){
+    memcpy(pPager->zFilename, zPathname, nPathname+1);
+    sqlite3_free(zPathname);
+  }
 
   /* Open the pager file.
   */
   if( zFilename && zFilename[0] && !memDb ){
     if( nPathname>(pVfs->mxPathname - sizeof("-journal")) ){
@@ -25934,27 +27368,27 @@
       **    + The value returned by sqlite3OsSectorSize()
       **    + The largest page size that can be written atomically.
       */
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !readOnly ){
         int iSectorSize = sqlite3OsSectorSize(pPager->fd);
-        if( nDefaultPage<iSectorSize ){
-          nDefaultPage = iSectorSize;
+        if( szPageDflt<iSectorSize ){
+          szPageDflt = iSectorSize;
         }
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
         {
           int iDc = sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd);
           int ii;
           assert(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512==(512>>8));
           assert(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K==(65536>>8));
           assert(SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE<=65536);
-          for(ii=nDefaultPage; ii<=SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE; ii=ii*2){
-            if( iDc&(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC|(ii>>8)) ) nDefaultPage = ii;
-          }
-        }
-#endif
-        if( nDefaultPage>SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE ){
-          nDefaultPage = SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;
+          for(ii=szPageDflt; ii<=SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE; ii=ii*2){
+            if( iDc&(SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC|(ii>>8)) ) szPageDflt = ii;
+          }
+        }
+#endif
+        if( szPageDflt>SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE ){
+          szPageDflt = SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;
         }
       }
     }
   }else if( !memDb ){
     /* If a temporary file is requested, it is not opened immediately.
@@ -25964,11 +27398,11 @@
     tempFile = 1;
     pPager->state = PAGER_EXCLUSIVE;
   }
 
   if( pPager && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pPager->pTmpSpace = sqlite3MallocZero(nDefaultPage);
+    pPager->pTmpSpace = sqlite3PageMalloc(szPageDflt);
   }
 
   /* If an error occured in either of the blocks above.
   ** Free the Pager structure and close the file.
   ** Since the pager is not allocated there is no need to set
@@ -25987,21 +27421,25 @@
   memcpy(pPager->zDirectory, pPager->zFilename, nPathname+1);
   for(i=strlen(pPager->zDirectory); i>0 && pPager->zDirectory[i-1]!='/'; i--){}
   if( i>0 ) pPager->zDirectory[i-1] = 0;
 
   /* Fill in Pager.zJournal[] */
-  memcpy(pPager->zJournal, pPager->zFilename, nPathname);
-  memcpy(&pPager->zJournal[nPathname], "-journal", 9);
+  if( zPathname ){
+    memcpy(pPager->zJournal, pPager->zFilename, nPathname);
+    memcpy(&pPager->zJournal[nPathname], "-journal", 9);
+  }else{
+    pPager->zJournal = 0;
+  }
 
   /* pPager->journalOpen = 0; */
   pPager->useJournal = useJournal && !memDb;
   pPager->noReadlock = noReadlock && readOnly;
   /* pPager->stmtOpen = 0; */
   /* pPager->stmtInUse = 0; */
   /* pPager->nRef = 0; */
   pPager->dbSize = memDb-1;
-  pPager->pageSize = nDefaultPage;
+  pPager->pageSize = szPageDflt;
   /* pPager->stmtSize = 0; */
   /* pPager->stmtJSize = 0; */
   /* pPager->nPage = 0; */
   pPager->mxPage = 100;
   pPager->mxPgno = SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT;
@@ -26021,10 +27459,11 @@
   pPager->sync_flags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL;
   /* pPager->pFirst = 0; */
   /* pPager->pFirstSynced = 0; */
   /* pPager->pLast = 0; */
   pPager->nExtra = FORCE_ALIGNMENT(nExtra);
+  pPager->journalSizeLimit = SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT;
   assert(pPager->fd->pMethods||memDb||tempFile);
   if( !memDb ){
     setSectorSize(pPager);
   }
   /* pPager->pBusyHandler = 0; */
@@ -26033,11 +27472,11 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
   pPager->iInUseMM = 0;
   pPager->iInUseDB = 0;
   if( !memDb ){
 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2);
+    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2);
 #endif
     sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
     pPager->pNext = sqlite3PagerList;
     if( sqlite3PagerList ){
       assert( sqlite3PagerList->pPrev==0 );
@@ -26091,19 +27530,19 @@
   u16 pageSize = *pPageSize;
   assert( pageSize==0 || (pageSize>=512 && pageSize<=SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE) );
   if( pageSize && pageSize!=pPager->pageSize
    && !pPager->memDb && pPager->nRef==0
   ){
-    char *pNew = (char *)sqlite3_malloc(pageSize);
+    char *pNew = (char *)sqlite3PageMalloc(pageSize);
     if( !pNew ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
       pagerEnter(pPager);
       pager_reset(pPager);
       pPager->pageSize = pageSize;
       setSectorSize(pPager);
-      sqlite3_free(pPager->pTmpSpace);
+      sqlite3PageFree(pPager->pTmpSpace);
       pPager->pTmpSpace = pNew;
       pagerLeave(pPager);
     }
   }
   *pPageSize = pPager->pageSize;
@@ -26131,11 +27570,11 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMaxPageCount(Pager *pPager, int mxPage){
   if( mxPage>0 ){
     pPager->mxPgno = mxPage;
   }
-  sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager);
+  sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, 0);
   return pPager->mxPgno;
 }
 
 /*
 ** The following set of routines are used to disable the simulated
@@ -26192,16 +27631,16 @@
 ** If the PENDING_BYTE lies on the page directly after the end of the
 ** file, then consider this page part of the file too. For example, if
 ** PENDING_BYTE is byte 4096 (the first byte of page 5) and the size of the
 ** file is 4096 bytes, 5 is returned instead of 4.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager *pPager){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager *pPager, int *pnPage){
   i64 n = 0;
   int rc;
   assert( pPager!=0 );
   if( pPager->errCode ){
-    return -1;
+    return pPager->errCode;
   }
   if( pPager->dbSize>=0 ){
     n = pPager->dbSize;
   } else {
     assert(pPager->fd->pMethods||pPager->tempFile);
@@ -26208,11 +27647,11 @@
     if( (pPager->fd->pMethods)
      && (rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->fd, &n))!=SQLITE_OK ){
       pPager->nRef++;
       pager_error(pPager, rc);
       pPager->nRef--;
-      return -1;
+      return rc;
     }
     if( n>0 && n<pPager->pageSize ){
       n = 1;
     }else{
       n /= pPager->pageSize;
@@ -26225,21 +27664,24 @@
     n++;
   }
   if( n>pPager->mxPgno ){
     pPager->mxPgno = n;
   }
-  return n;
+  if( pnPage ){
+    *pnPage = n;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
 /*
 ** Clear a PgHistory block
 */
 static void clearHistory(PgHistory *pHist){
-  sqlite3_free(pHist->pOrig);
-  sqlite3_free(pHist->pStmt);
+  sqlite3PageFree(pHist->pOrig);
+  sqlite3PageFree(pHist->pStmt);
   pHist->pOrig = 0;
   pHist->pStmt = 0;
 }
 #else
 #define clearHistory(x)
@@ -26316,15 +27758,20 @@
     }else if( pPg->nRef>0 ){
       memset(PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), 0, pPager->pageSize);
       ppPg = &pPg->pNextAll;
     }else{
       *ppPg = pPg->pNextAll;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
+      if( *ppPg ){
+        (*ppPg)->pPrevAll = pPg->pPrevAll;
+      }
+#endif
       IOTRACE(("PGFREE %p %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno));
       PAGER_INCR(sqlite3_pager_pgfree_count);
       unlinkPage(pPg);
       makeClean(pPg);
-      sqlite3_free(pPg->pData);
+      sqlite3PageFree(pPg->pData);
       sqlite3_free(pPg);
       pPager->nPage--;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -26367,11 +27814,11 @@
 ** Truncate the file to the number of pages specified.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerTruncate(Pager *pPager, Pgno nPage){
   int rc;
   assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_SHARED || MEMDB );
-  sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager);
+  sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, 0);
   if( pPager->errCode ){
     rc = pPager->errCode;
     return rc;
   }
   if( nPage>=(unsigned)pPager->dbSize ){
@@ -26417,11 +27864,11 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerClose(Pager *pPager){
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
   if( !MEMDB ){
 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2);
+    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2);
 #endif
     sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
     if( pPager->pPrev ){
       pPager->pPrev->pNext = pPager->pNext;
     }else{
@@ -26433,17 +27880,17 @@
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
   }
 #endif
 
   disable_simulated_io_errors();
-  sqlite3FaultBeginBenign(-1);
+  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
   pPager->errCode = 0;
   pPager->exclusiveMode = 0;
   pager_reset(pPager);
   pagerUnlockAndRollback(pPager);
   enable_simulated_io_errors();
-  sqlite3FaultEndBenign(-1);
+  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
   PAGERTRACE2("CLOSE %d\n", PAGERID(pPager));
   IOTRACE(("CLOSE %p\n", pPager))
   if( pPager->journalOpen ){
     sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
   }
@@ -26457,11 +27904,11 @@
   **   sqlite3OsDelete(pPager->zFilename);
   ** }
   */
 
   sqlite3_free(pPager->aHash);
-  sqlite3_free(pPager->pTmpSpace);
+  sqlite3PageFree(pPager->pTmpSpace);
   sqlite3_free(pPager);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
@@ -26539,11 +27986,10 @@
 ** memory.
 */
 static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager){
   PgHdr *pPg;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-
 
   /* Sync the journal before modifying the main database
   ** (assuming there is a journal and it needs to be synced.)
   */
   if( pPager->needSync ){
@@ -26728,12 +28174,11 @@
   while( pList ){
 
     /* If the file has not yet been opened, open it now. */
     if( !pPager->fd->pMethods ){
       assert(pPager->tempFile);
-      rc = sqlite3PagerOpentemp(pPager->pVfs, pPager->fd, pPager->zFilename,
-                                pPager->vfsFlags);
+      rc = sqlite3PagerOpentemp(pPager, pPager->fd, pPager->vfsFlags);
       if( rc ) return rc;
     }
 
     /* If there are dirty pages in the page cache with page numbers greater
     ** than Pager.dbSize, this means sqlite3PagerTruncate() was called to
@@ -26808,26 +28253,34 @@
 ** is hot.  The pager_playback() routine will discover that the
 ** journal file is not really hot and will no-op.
 */
 static int hasHotJournal(Pager *pPager){
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = pPager->pVfs;
-  int rc;
-  if( !pPager->useJournal ) return 0;
-  if( !pPager->fd->pMethods ) return 0;
-  rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS);
-  if( rc<=0 ){
-    return rc;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock(pPager->fd) ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager)==0 ){
-    sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, 0);
-    return 0;
-  }else{
-    return 1;
-  }
+  int res = 0;
+  if( pPager->useJournal && pPager->fd->pMethods ){
+    int rc;
+    int exists;
+    int locked;
+
+    rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &exists);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && exists ){
+      rc = sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock(pPager->fd, &locked);
+    }
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && exists && !locked ){
+      int nPage;
+      rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nPage==0 ){
+        sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, 0);
+        exists = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    res = (rc!=SQLITE_OK ? -1 : (exists && !locked));
+  }
+
+  return res;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Try to find a page in the cache that can be recycled.
 **
@@ -26852,39 +28305,41 @@
   /* If we could not find a page that does not require an fsync()
   ** on the journal file then fsync the journal file.  This is a
   ** very slow operation, so we work hard to avoid it.  But sometimes
   ** it can't be helped.
   */
-  if( pPg==0 && pPager->lru.pFirst){
-    int iDc = sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd);
-    int rc = syncJournal(pPager);
-    if( rc!=0 ){
-      return rc;
-    }
-    if( pPager->fullSync && 0==(iDc&SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND) ){
-      /* If in full-sync mode, write a new journal header into the
-      ** journal file. This is done to avoid ever modifying a journal
-      ** header that is involved in the rollback of pages that have
-      ** already been written to the database (in case the header is
-      ** trashed when the nRec field is updated).
-      */
-      pPager->nRec = 0;
-      assert( pPager->journalOff > 0 );
-      assert( pPager->doNotSync==0 );
-      rc = writeJournalHdr(pPager);
+  if( pPg==0 && pPager->lru.pFirst ){
+    if( !pPager->errCode ){
+      int iDc = sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd);
+      int rc = syncJournal(pPager);
       if( rc!=0 ){
         return rc;
+      }
+      if( pPager->fullSync && 0==(iDc&SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND) ){
+        /* If in full-sync mode, write a new journal header into the
+        ** journal file. This is done to avoid ever modifying a journal
+        ** header that is involved in the rollback of pages that have
+        ** already been written to the database (in case the header is
+        ** trashed when the nRec field is updated).
+        */
+        pPager->nRec = 0;
+        assert( pPager->journalOff > 0 );
+        assert( pPager->doNotSync==0 );
+        rc = writeJournalHdr(pPager);
+        if( rc!=0 ){
+          return rc;
+        }
       }
     }
     pPg = pPager->lru.pFirst;
   }
 
   assert( pPg->nRef==0 );
 
   /* Write the page to the database file if it is dirty.
   */
-  if( pPg->dirty ){
+  if( pPg->dirty && !pPager->errCode ){
     int rc;
     assert( pPg->needSync==0 );
     makeClean(pPg);
     pPg->dirty = 1;
     pPg->pDirty = 0;
@@ -26892,11 +28347,11 @@
     pPg->dirty = 0;
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       return rc;
     }
   }
-  assert( pPg->dirty==0 );
+  assert( pPg->dirty==0 || pPager->errCode );
 
   /* If the page we are recycling is marked as alwaysRollback, then
   ** set the global alwaysRollback flag, thus disabling the
   ** sqlite3PagerDontRollback() optimization for the rest of this transaction.
   ** It is necessary to do this because the page marked alwaysRollback
@@ -26936,11 +28391,11 @@
 
   /* Acquire the memory-management mutex
   */
 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;       /* The MEM2 mutex */
-  mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2);
+  mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2);
 #endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
 
   /* Signal all database connections that memory management wants
   ** to have access to the pagers.
@@ -26954,11 +28409,11 @@
     PgHdr *pRecycled;
 
     /* Try to find a page to recycle that does not require a sync(). If
     ** this is not possible, find one that does require a sync().
     */
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
     pPg = sqlite3LruPageList.pFirstSynced;
     while( pPg && (pPg->needSync || pPg->pPager->iInUseDB) ){
       pPg = pPg->gfree.pNext;
     }
     if( !pPg ){
@@ -26965,11 +28420,11 @@
       pPg = sqlite3LruPageList.pFirst;
       while( pPg && pPg->pPager->iInUseDB ){
         pPg = pPg->gfree.pNext;
       }
     }
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU));
 
     /* If pPg==0, then the block above has failed to find a page to
     ** recycle. In this case return early - no further memory will
     ** be released.
     */
@@ -26994,23 +28449,33 @@
       ** probably is though.
       */
       PgHdr *pTmp;
       assert( pPg );
       if( pPg==pPager->pAll ){
+         assert(pPg->pPrevAll==0);
+         assert(pPg->pNextAll==0 || pPg->pNextAll->pPrevAll==pPg);
          pPager->pAll = pPg->pNextAll;
-      }else{
-        for( pTmp=pPager->pAll; pTmp->pNextAll!=pPg; pTmp=pTmp->pNextAll ){}
-        pTmp->pNextAll = pPg->pNextAll;
+         if( pPager->pAll ){
+           pPager->pAll->pPrevAll = 0;
+         }
+      }else{
+         assert(pPg->pPrevAll);
+         assert(pPg->pPrevAll->pNextAll==pPg);
+         pTmp = pPg->pPrevAll;
+         pTmp->pNextAll = pPg->pNextAll;
+         if( pTmp->pNextAll ){
+           pTmp->pNextAll->pPrevAll = pTmp;
+         }
       }
       nReleased += (
           sizeof(*pPg) + pPager->pageSize
           + sizeof(u32) + pPager->nExtra
           + MEMDB*sizeof(PgHistory)
       );
       IOTRACE(("PGFREE %p %d *\n", pPager, pPg->pgno));
       PAGER_INCR(sqlite3_pager_pgfree_count);
-      sqlite3_free(pPg->pData);
+      sqlite3PageFree(pPg->pData);
       sqlite3_free(pPg);
       pPager->nPage--;
     }else{
       /* An error occured whilst writing to the database file or
       ** journal in pager_recycle(). The error is not returned to the
@@ -27149,29 +28614,28 @@
         ** possibly used for a transaction later on. On some systems, the
         ** OsTruncate() call used in exclusive-access mode also requires
         ** a read/write file handle.
         */
         if( !isHot && pPager->journalOpen==0 ){
-          int res = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs,pPager->zJournal,SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS);
-          if( res==1 ){
-            int fout = 0;
-            int f = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL;
-            assert( !pPager->tempFile );
-            rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, pPager->jfd, f, &fout);
-            assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pPager->jfd->pMethods );
-            if( fout&SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY ){
+          int res;
+          rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs,pPager->zJournal,SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS,&res);
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            if( res ){
+              int fout = 0;
+              int f = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL;
+              assert( !pPager->tempFile );
+              rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, pPager->jfd, f, &fout);
+              assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pPager->jfd->pMethods );
+              if( fout&SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY ){
+                rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+                sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
+              }
+            }else{
+              /* If the journal does not exist, that means some other process
+              ** has already rolled it back */
               rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-              sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
-            }
-          }else if( res==0 ){
-            /* If the journal does not exist, that means some other process
-            ** has already rolled it back */
-            rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-          }else{
-            /* If sqlite3OsAccess() returns a negative value, that means it
-            ** failed a memory allocation */
-            rc = SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
+            }
           }
         }
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
           if( rc!=SQLITE_NOMEM && rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK
            && rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
@@ -27215,11 +28679,11 @@
         ** There is a vanishingly small chance that a change will not be
         ** detected.  The chance of an undetected change is so small that
         ** it can be neglected.
         */
         char dbFileVers[sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers)];
-        sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager);
+        sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, 0);
 
         if( pPager->errCode ){
           rc = pPager->errCode;
           goto failed;
         }
@@ -27307,13 +28771,13 @@
       }
     }
     pagerLeave(pPager);
     nByteHdr = sizeof(*pPg) + sizeof(u32) + pPager->nExtra
               + MEMDB*sizeof(PgHistory);
-    pPg = sqlite3_malloc( nByteHdr );
+    pPg = sqlite3Malloc( nByteHdr );
     if( pPg ){
-      pData = sqlite3_malloc( pPager->pageSize );
+      pData = sqlite3PageMalloc( pPager->pageSize );
       if( pData==0 ){
         sqlite3_free(pPg);
         pPg = 0;
       }
     }
@@ -27324,10 +28788,15 @@
     }
     memset(pPg, 0, nByteHdr);
     pPg->pData = pData;
     pPg->pPager = pPager;
     pPg->pNextAll = pPager->pAll;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
+    if( pPg->pNextAll ){
+      pPg->pNextAll->pPrevAll = pPg;
+    }
+#endif
     pPager->pAll = pPg;
     pPager->nPage++;
   }else{
     /* Recycle an existing page with a zero ref-count. */
     rc = pager_recycle(pPager, &pPg);
@@ -27451,13 +28920,12 @@
 
     pPager->nRef++;
     if( pPager->nExtra>0 ){
       memset(PGHDR_TO_EXTRA(pPg, pPager), 0, pPager->nExtra);
     }
-    nMax = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager);
-    if( pPager->errCode ){
-      rc = pPager->errCode;
+    rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nMax);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3PagerUnref(pPg);
       return rc;
     }
 
     /* Populate the page with data, either by reading from the database
@@ -27611,11 +29079,11 @@
   int rc;
   assert( !MEMDB );
   assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED );
   assert( pPager->useJournal );
   assert( pPager->pInJournal==0 );
-  sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager);
+  sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, 0);
   pagerLeave(pPager);
   pPager->pInJournal = sqlite3BitvecCreate(pPager->dbSize);
   pagerEnter(pPager);
   if( pPager->pInJournal==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -27741,11 +29209,11 @@
     ** overwritten with zeros.
     */
     assert( pPager->nRec==0 );
     assert( pPager->origDbSize==0 );
     assert( pPager->pInJournal==0 );
-    sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager);
+    sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, 0);
     pagerLeave(pPager);
     pPager->pInJournal = sqlite3BitvecCreate( pPager->dbSize );
     pagerEnter(pPager);
     if( !pPager->pInJournal ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -27884,11 +29352,11 @@
       if( (int)pPg->pgno <= pPager->origDbSize ){
         if( MEMDB ){
           PgHistory *pHist = PGHDR_TO_HIST(pPg, pPager);
           PAGERTRACE3("JOURNAL %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno);
           assert( pHist->pOrig==0 );
-          pHist->pOrig = sqlite3_malloc( pPager->pageSize );
+          pHist->pOrig = sqlite3PageMalloc( pPager->pageSize );
           if( !pHist->pOrig ){
             return SQLITE_NOMEM;
           }
           memcpy(pHist->pOrig, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPager->pageSize);
         }else{
@@ -27954,11 +29422,11 @@
     ){
       assert( pPg->inJournal || (int)pPg->pgno>pPager->origDbSize );
       if( MEMDB ){
         PgHistory *pHist = PGHDR_TO_HIST(pPg, pPager);
         assert( pHist->pStmt==0 );
-        pHist->pStmt = sqlite3_malloc( pPager->pageSize );
+        pHist->pStmt = sqlite3PageMalloc( pPager->pageSize );
         if( pHist->pStmt ){
           memcpy(pHist->pStmt, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPager->pageSize);
         }
         PAGERTRACE3("STMT-JOURNAL %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno);
         page_add_to_stmt_list(pPg);
@@ -28027,11 +29495,11 @@
     ** an integer power of 2. It sets variable pg1 to the identifier
     ** of the first page of the sector pPg is located on.
     */
     pg1 = ((pPg->pgno-1) & ~(nPagePerSector-1)) + 1;
 
-    nPageCount = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager);
+    sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, (int *)&nPageCount);
     if( pPg->pgno>nPageCount ){
       nPage = (pPg->pgno - pg1)+1;
     }else if( (pg1+nPagePerSector-1)>nPageCount ){
       nPage = nPageCount+1-pg1;
     }else{
@@ -28186,12 +29654,16 @@
   /* If SECURE_DELETE is disabled, then there is no way that this
   ** routine can be called on a page for which sqlite3PagerDontWrite()
   ** has not been previously called during the same transaction.
   ** And if DontWrite() has previously been called, the following
   ** conditions must be met.
-  */
-  assert( !pPg->inJournal && (int)pPg->pgno <= pPager->origDbSize );
+  **
+  ** (Later:)  Not true.  If the database is corrupted by having duplicate
+  ** pages on the freelist (ex: corrupt9.test) then the following is not
+  ** necessarily true:
+  */
+  /* assert( !pPg->inJournal && (int)pPg->pgno <= pPager->origDbSize ); */
 
   assert( pPager->pInJournal!=0 );
   sqlite3BitvecSet(pPager->pInJournal, pPg->pgno);
   pPg->inJournal = 1;
   pPg->needRead = 0;
@@ -28283,10 +29755,14 @@
   Pgno nTrunc,
   int noSync
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
+  if( pPager->errCode ){
+    return pPager->errCode;
+  }
+
   /* If no changes have been made, we can leave the transaction early.
   */
   if( pPager->dbModified==0 &&
         (pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE ||
           pPager->exclusiveMode!=0) ){
@@ -28353,32 +29829,34 @@
     ** transaction the m-j name will have already been written.
     */
     if( !pPager->setMaster ){
       rc = pager_incr_changecounter(pPager, 0);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto sync_exit;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-      if( nTrunc!=0 ){
-        /* If this transaction has made the database smaller, then all pages
-        ** being discarded by the truncation must be written to the journal
-        ** file.
-        */
-        Pgno i;
-        int iSkip = PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager);
-        for( i=nTrunc+1; i<=pPager->origDbSize; i++ ){
-          if( !sqlite3BitvecTest(pPager->pInJournal, i) && i!=iSkip ){
-            rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, i, &pPg);
-            if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto sync_exit;
-            rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPg);
-            sqlite3PagerUnref(pPg);
-            if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto sync_exit;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-#endif
-      rc = writeMasterJournal(pPager, zMaster);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto sync_exit;
-      rc = syncJournal(pPager);
+      if( pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF ){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
+        if( nTrunc!=0 ){
+          /* If this transaction has made the database smaller, then all pages
+          ** being discarded by the truncation must be written to the journal
+          ** file.
+          */
+          Pgno i;
+          int iSkip = PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager);
+          for( i=nTrunc+1; i<=pPager->origDbSize; i++ ){
+            if( !sqlite3BitvecTest(pPager->pInJournal, i) && i!=iSkip ){
+              rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, i, &pPg);
+              if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto sync_exit;
+              rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPg);
+              sqlite3PagerUnref(pPg);
+              if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto sync_exit;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+#endif
+        rc = writeMasterJournal(pPager, zMaster);
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto sync_exit;
+        rc = syncJournal(pPager);
+      }
     }
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto sync_exit;
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
     if( nTrunc!=0 ){
@@ -28605,10 +30083,13 @@
   a[8] = 0;  /* Used to be pPager->nOvfl */
   a[9] = pPager->nRead;
   a[10] = pPager->nWrite;
   return a;
 }
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(Pager *pPager){
+  return MEMDB;
+}
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** Set the statement rollback point.
 **
@@ -28643,12 +30124,11 @@
   pPager->stmtJSize = pPager->journalOff;
   pPager->stmtSize = pPager->dbSize;
   pPager->stmtHdrOff = 0;
   pPager->stmtCksum = pPager->cksumInit;
   if( !pPager->stmtOpen ){
-    rc = sqlite3PagerOpentemp(pPager->pVfs, pPager->stfd, pPager->zStmtJrnl,
-                              SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL);
+    rc = sqlite3PagerOpentemp(pPager, pPager->stfd, SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL);
     if( rc ){
       goto stmt_begin_failed;
     }
     pPager->stmtOpen = 1;
     pPager->stmtNRec = 0;
@@ -28688,11 +30168,11 @@
         PgHistory *pHist = PGHDR_TO_HIST(pPg, pPager);
         pNext = pHist->pNextStmt;
         assert( pHist->inStmt );
         pHist->inStmt = 0;
         pHist->pPrevStmt = pHist->pNextStmt = 0;
-        sqlite3_free(pHist->pStmt);
+        sqlite3PageFree(pHist->pStmt);
         pHist->pStmt = 0;
       }
     }
     pPager->stmtNRec = 0;
     pPager->stmtInUse = 0;
@@ -28716,11 +30196,11 @@
       PgHistory *pHist;
       for(pPg=pPager->pStmt; pPg; pPg=pHist->pNextStmt){
         pHist = PGHDR_TO_HIST(pPg, pPager);
         if( pHist->pStmt ){
           memcpy(PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pHist->pStmt, pPager->pageSize);
-          sqlite3_free(pHist->pStmt);
+          sqlite3PageFree(pHist->pStmt);
           pHist->pStmt = 0;
         }
       }
       pPager->dbSize = pPager->stmtSize;
       pager_truncate_cache(pPager);
@@ -28969,23 +30449,19 @@
     pPager->journalMode = eMode;
   }
   return (int)pPager->journalMode;
 }
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-/*
-** Print a listing of all referenced pages and their ref count.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRefdump(Pager *pPager){
-  PgHdr *pPg;
-  for(pPg=pPager->pAll; pPg; pPg=pPg->pNextAll){
-    if( pPg->nRef<=0 ) continue;
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("PAGE %3d addr=%p nRef=%d\n",
-       pPg->pgno, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPg->nRef);
-  }
-}
-#endif
+/*
+** Get/set the size-limit used for persistent journal files.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3PagerJournalSizeLimit(Pager *pPager, i64 iLimit){
+  if( iLimit>=-1 ){
+    pPager->journalSizeLimit = iLimit;
+  }
+  return pPager->journalSizeLimit;
+}
 
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO */
 
 /************** End of pager.c ***********************************************/
 /************** Begin file btmutex.c *****************************************/
@@ -28999,11 +30475,11 @@
 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
 **
-** $Id: btmutex.c,v 1.9 2008/01/23 12:52:41 drh Exp $
+** $Id: btmutex.c,v 1.10 2008/07/14 19:39:17 drh Exp $
 **
 ** This file contains code used to implement mutexes on Btree objects.
 ** This code really belongs in btree.c.  But btree.c is getting too
 ** big and we want to break it down some.  This packaged seemed like
 ** a good breakout.
@@ -29019,11 +30495,11 @@
 **    May you do good and not evil.
 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
-** $Id: btreeInt.h,v 1.21 2008/04/24 19:15:10 shane Exp $
+** $Id: btreeInt.h,v 1.26 2008/07/12 14:52:20 drh Exp $
 **
 ** This file implements a external (disk-based) database using BTrees.
 ** For a detailed discussion of BTrees, refer to
 **
 **     Donald E. Knuth, THE ART OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, Volume 3:
@@ -29376,13 +30852,10 @@
   sqlite3 *db;          /* Database connection currently using this Btree */
   BtCursor *pCursor;    /* A list of all open cursors */
   MemPage *pPage1;      /* First page of the database */
   u8 inStmt;            /* True if we are in a statement subtransaction */
   u8 readOnly;          /* True if the underlying file is readonly */
-  u8 maxEmbedFrac;      /* Maximum payload as % of total page size */
-  u8 minEmbedFrac;      /* Minimum payload as % of total page size */
-  u8 minLeafFrac;       /* Minimum leaf payload as % of total page size */
   u8 pageSizeFixed;     /* True if the page size can no longer be changed */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
   u8 autoVacuum;        /* True if auto-vacuum is enabled */
   u8 incrVacuum;        /* True if incr-vacuum is enabled */
   Pgno nTrunc;          /* Non-zero if the db will be truncated (incr vacuum) */
@@ -29474,11 +30947,11 @@
 **
 ** CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK:
 **   The table that this cursor was opened on still exists, but has been
 **   modified since the cursor was last used. The cursor position is saved
 **   in variables BtCursor.pKey and BtCursor.nKey. When a cursor is in
-**   this state, restoreOrClearCursorPosition() can be called to attempt to
+**   this state, restoreCursorPosition() can be called to attempt to
 **   seek the cursor to the saved position.
 **
 ** CURSOR_FAULT:
 **   A unrecoverable error (an I/O error or a malloc failure) has occurred
 **   on a different connection that shares the BtShared cache with this
@@ -29488,21 +30961,10 @@
 */
 #define CURSOR_INVALID           0
 #define CURSOR_VALID             1
 #define CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK       2
 #define CURSOR_FAULT             3
-
-/*
-** The TRACE macro will print high-level status information about the
-** btree operation when the global variable sqlite3BtreeTrace is
-** enabled.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_TEST
-# define TRACE(X)   if( sqlite3BtreeTrace ){ printf X; fflush(stdout); }
-#else
-# define TRACE(X)
-#endif
 
 /* The database page the PENDING_BYTE occupies. This page is never used.
 ** TODO: This macro is very similary to PAGER_MJ_PGNO() in pager.c. They
 ** should possibly be consolidated (presumably in pager.h).
 **
@@ -29620,12 +31082,12 @@
   BtShared *pBt;    /* The tree being checked out */
   Pager *pPager;    /* The associated pager.  Also accessible by pBt->pPager */
   int nPage;        /* Number of pages in the database */
   int *anRef;       /* Number of times each page is referenced */
   int mxErr;        /* Stop accumulating errors when this reaches zero */
-  char *zErrMsg;    /* An error message.  NULL if no errors seen. */
   int nErr;         /* Number of messages written to zErrMsg so far */
+  StrAccum errMsg;  /* Accumulate the error message text here */
 };
 
 /*
 ** Read or write a two- and four-byte big-endian integer values.
 */
@@ -29639,14 +31101,11 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetPage(BtShared*, Pgno, MemPage**, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInitPage(MemPage *pPage, MemPage *pParent);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeParseCellPtr(MemPage*, u8*, CellInfo*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeParseCell(MemPage*, int, CellInfo*);
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 *sqlite3BtreeFindCell(MemPage *pPage, int iCell);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeRestoreOrClearCursorPosition(BtCursor *pCur);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeRestoreCursorPosition(BtCursor *pCur);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeGetTempCursor(BtCursor *pCur, BtCursor *pTempCur);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeReleaseTempCursor(BtCursor *pCur);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsRootPage(MemPage *pPage);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeMoveToParent(BtCursor *pCur);
 
@@ -29858,15 +31317,15 @@
   return 1;
 }
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
 /*
-** Potentially dd a new Btree pointer to a BtreeMutexArray.
-** Really only add the Btree if it can possibly be shared with
+** Add a new Btree pointer to a BtreeMutexArray.
+** if the pointer can possibly be shared with
 ** another database connection.
 **
-** The Btrees are kept in sorted order by pBtree->pBt.  That
+** The pointers are kept in sorted order by pBtree->pBt.  That
 ** way when we go to enter all the mutexes, we can enter them
 ** in order without every having to backup and retry and without
 ** worrying about deadlock.
 **
 ** The number of shared btrees will always be small (usually 0 or 1)
@@ -29961,11 +31420,11 @@
 **    May you do good and not evil.
 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
-** $Id: btree.c,v 1.458 2008/05/09 16:57:51 danielk1977 Exp $
+** $Id: btree.c,v 1.482 2008/07/12 14:52:20 drh Exp $
 **
 ** This file implements a external (disk-based) database using BTrees.
 ** See the header comment on "btreeInt.h" for additional information.
 ** Including a description of file format and an overview of operation.
 */
@@ -29978,12 +31437,15 @@
 
 /*
 ** Set this global variable to 1 to enable tracing using the TRACE
 ** macro.
 */
-#if SQLITE_TEST
+#if 0
 int sqlite3BtreeTrace=0;  /* True to enable tracing */
+# define TRACE(X)  if(sqlite3BtreeTrace){printf X;fflush(stdout);}
+#else
+# define TRACE(X)
 #endif
 
 
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
@@ -30019,11 +31481,11 @@
 
 
 /*
 ** Forward declaration
 */
-static int checkReadLocks(Btree*,Pgno,BtCursor*);
+static int checkReadLocks(Btree*, Pgno, BtCursor*, i64);
 
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
   /*
   ** The functions queryTableLock(), lockTable() and unlockAllTables()
@@ -30048,10 +31510,12 @@
 static int queryTableLock(Btree *p, Pgno iTab, u8 eLock){
   BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
   BtLock *pIter;
 
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
+  assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
+  assert( p->db!=0 );
 
   /* This is a no-op if the shared-cache is not enabled */
   if( !p->sharable ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
@@ -30076,11 +31540,10 @@
   ** To summarize: If the ReadUncommitted flag is set, then read cursors do
   ** not create or respect table locks. The locking procedure for a
   ** write-cursor does not change.
   */
   if(
-    !p->db ||
     0==(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommitted) ||
     eLock==WRITE_LOCK ||
     iTab==MASTER_ROOT
   ){
     for(pIter=pBt->pLock; pIter; pIter=pIter->pNext){
@@ -30107,10 +31570,12 @@
   BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
   BtLock *pLock = 0;
   BtLock *pIter;
 
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
+  assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
+  assert( p->db!=0 );
 
   /* This is a no-op if the shared-cache is not enabled */
   if( !p->sharable ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
@@ -30121,11 +31586,10 @@
   ** return early without adding an entry to the BtShared.pLock list. See
   ** comment in function queryTableLock() for more info on handling
   ** the ReadUncommitted flag.
   */
   if(
-    (p->db) &&
     (p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommitted) &&
     (eLock==READ_LOCK) &&
     iTable!=MASTER_ROOT
   ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -30251,11 +31715,11 @@
   ** all that is required. Otherwise, if pCur is not open on an intKey
   ** table, then malloc space for and store the pCur->nKey bytes of key
   ** data.
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && 0==pCur->pPage->intKey){
-    void *pKey = sqlite3_malloc(pCur->nKey);
+    void *pKey = sqlite3Malloc(pCur->nKey);
     if( pKey ){
       rc = sqlite3BtreeKey(pCur, 0, pCur->nKey, pKey);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         pCur->pKey = pKey;
       }else{
@@ -30310,29 +31774,20 @@
 
 /*
 ** Restore the cursor to the position it was in (or as close to as possible)
 ** when saveCursorPosition() was called. Note that this call deletes the
 ** saved position info stored by saveCursorPosition(), so there can be
-** at most one effective restoreOrClearCursorPosition() call after each
+** at most one effective restoreCursorPosition() call after each
 ** saveCursorPosition().
-**
-** If the second argument argument - doSeek - is false, then instead of
-** returning the cursor to its saved position, any saved position is deleted
-** and the cursor state set to CURSOR_INVALID.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeRestoreOrClearCursorPosition(BtCursor *pCur){
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeRestoreCursorPosition(BtCursor *pCur){
   int rc;
   assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
   assert( pCur->eState>=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
   if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT ){
     return pCur->skip;
   }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-  if( pCur->isIncrblobHandle ){
-    return SQLITE_ABORT;
-  }
-#endif
   pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
   rc = sqlite3BtreeMoveto(pCur, pCur->pKey, 0, pCur->nKey, 0, &pCur->skip);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     sqlite3_free(pCur->pKey);
     pCur->pKey = 0;
@@ -30339,14 +31794,38 @@
     assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID );
   }
   return rc;
 }
 
-#define restoreOrClearCursorPosition(p) \
+#define restoreCursorPosition(p) \
   (p->eState>=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK ? \
-         sqlite3BtreeRestoreOrClearCursorPosition(p) : \
+         sqlite3BtreeRestoreCursorPosition(p) : \
          SQLITE_OK)
+
+/*
+** Determine whether or not a cursor has moved from the position it
+** was last placed at.  Cursor can move when the row they are pointing
+** at is deleted out from under them.
+**
+** This routine returns an error code if something goes wrong.  The
+** integer *pHasMoved is set to one if the cursor has moved and 0 if not.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(BtCursor *pCur, int *pHasMoved){
+  int rc;
+
+  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
+  if( rc ){
+    *pHasMoved = 1;
+    return rc;
+  }
+  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID || pCur->skip!=0 ){
+    *pHasMoved = 1;
+  }else{
+    *pHasMoved = 0;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
 /*
 ** Given a page number of a regular database page, return the page
 ** number for the pointer-map page that contains the entry for the
@@ -30449,20 +31928,13 @@
 **
 ** This routine works only for pages that do not contain overflow cells.
 */
 #define findCell(pPage, iCell) \
   ((pPage)->aData + get2byte(&(pPage)->aData[(pPage)->cellOffset+2*(iCell)]))
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 *sqlite3BtreeFindCell(MemPage *pPage, int iCell){
-  assert( iCell>=0 );
-  assert( iCell<get2byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+3]) );
-  return findCell(pPage, iCell);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** This a more complex version of sqlite3BtreeFindCell() that works for
+
+/*
+** This a more complex version of findCell() that works for
 ** pages that do contain overflow cells.  See insert
 */
 static u8 *findOverflowCell(MemPage *pPage, int iCell){
   int i;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
@@ -30592,18 +32064,17 @@
 ** If the cell pCell, part of page pPage contains a pointer
 ** to an overflow page, insert an entry into the pointer-map
 ** for the overflow page.
 */
 static int ptrmapPutOvflPtr(MemPage *pPage, u8 *pCell){
-  if( pCell ){
-    CellInfo info;
-    sqlite3BtreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCell, &info);
-    assert( (info.nData+(pPage->intKey?0:info.nKey))==info.nPayload );
-    if( (info.nData+(pPage->intKey?0:info.nKey))>info.nLocal ){
-      Pgno ovfl = get4byte(&pCell[info.iOverflow]);
-      return ptrmapPut(pPage->pBt, ovfl, PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1, pPage->pgno);
-    }
+  CellInfo info;
+  assert( pCell!=0 );
+  sqlite3BtreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCell, &info);
+  assert( (info.nData+(pPage->intKey?0:info.nKey))==info.nPayload );
+  if( (info.nData+(pPage->intKey?0:info.nKey))>info.nLocal ){
+    Pgno ovfl = get4byte(&pCell[info.iOverflow]);
+    return ptrmapPut(pPage->pBt, ovfl, PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1, pPage->pgno);
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 /*
 ** If the cell with index iCell on page pPage contains a pointer
@@ -30623,11 +32094,11 @@
 ** Defragment the page given.  All Cells are moved to the
 ** end of the page and all free space is collected into one
 ** big FreeBlk that occurs in between the header and cell
 ** pointer array and the cell content area.
 */
-static int defragmentPage(MemPage *pPage){
+static void defragmentPage(MemPage *pPage){
   int i;                     /* Loop counter */
   int pc;                    /* Address of a i-th cell */
   int addr;                  /* Offset of first byte after cell pointer array */
   int hdr;                   /* Offset to the page header */
   int size;                  /* Size of a cell */
@@ -30668,19 +32139,18 @@
   data[hdr+1] = 0;
   data[hdr+2] = 0;
   data[hdr+7] = 0;
   addr = cellOffset+2*nCell;
   memset(&data[addr], 0, brk-addr);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Allocate nByte bytes of space on a page.
 **
 ** Return the index into pPage->aData[] of the first byte of
-** the new allocation. Or return 0 if there is not enough free
-** space on the page to satisfy the allocation request.
+** the new allocation.  The caller guarantees that there is enough
+** space.  This routine will never fail.
 **
 ** If the page contains nBytes of free space but does not contain
 ** nBytes of contiguous free space, then this routine automatically
 ** calls defragementPage() to consolidate all free space before
 ** allocating the new chunk.
@@ -30696,12 +32166,13 @@
 
   data = pPage->aData;
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
   assert( pPage->pBt );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  if( nByte<4 ) nByte = 4;
-  if( pPage->nFree<nByte || pPage->nOverflow>0 ) return 0;
+  assert( nByte>=0 );  /* Minimum cell size is 4 */
+  assert( pPage->nFree>=nByte );
+  assert( pPage->nOverflow==0 );
   pPage->nFree -= nByte;
   hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
 
   nFrag = data[hdr+7];
   if( nFrag<60 ){
@@ -30729,11 +32200,11 @@
   */
   top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
   nCell = get2byte(&data[hdr+3]);
   cellOffset = pPage->cellOffset;
   if( nFrag>=60 || cellOffset + 2*nCell > top - nByte ){
-    if( defragmentPage(pPage) ) return 0;
+    defragmentPage(pPage);
     top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
   }
   top -= nByte;
   assert( cellOffset + 2*nCell <= top );
   put2byte(&data[hdr+5], top);
@@ -30755,11 +32226,11 @@
   assert( pPage->pBt!=0 );
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
   assert( start>=pPage->hdrOffset+6+(pPage->leaf?0:4) );
   assert( (start + size)<=pPage->pBt->usableSize );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  if( size<4 ) size = 4;
+  assert( size>=0 );   /* Minimum cell size is 4 */
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE
   /* Overwrite deleted information with zeros when the SECURE_DELETE
   ** option is enabled at compile-time */
   memset(&data[start], 0, size);
@@ -30858,10 +32329,13 @@
   BtShared *pBt;        /* The main btree structure */
   int usableSize;    /* Amount of usable space on each page */
   int cellOffset;    /* Offset from start of page to first cell pointer */
   int nFree;         /* Number of unused bytes on the page */
   int top;           /* First byte of the cell content area */
+  u8 *pOff;          /* Iterator used to check all cell offsets are in range */
+  u8 *pEnd;          /* Pointer to end of cell offset array */
+  u8 mask;           /* Mask of bits that must be zero in MSB of cell offsets */
 
   pBt = pPage->pBt;
   assert( pBt!=0 );
   assert( pParent==0 || pParent->pBt==pBt );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
@@ -30914,10 +32388,18 @@
     pc = next;
   }
   pPage->nFree = nFree;
   if( nFree>=usableSize ){
     /* Free space cannot exceed total page size */
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+  }
+
+  /* Check that all the offsets in the cell offset array are within range. */
+  mask = ~(((u8)(pBt->pageSize>>8))-1);
+  pEnd = &data[cellOffset + pPage->nCell*2];
+  for(pOff=&data[cellOffset]; pOff!=pEnd && !((*pOff)&mask); pOff+=2);
+  if( pOff!=pEnd ){
     return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
   }
 
   pPage->isInit = 1;
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -31128,29 +32610,26 @@
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO)
   /*
   ** If this Btree is a candidate for shared cache, try to find an
   ** existing BtShared object that we can share with
   */
-  if( (flags & BTREE_PRIVATE)==0
-   && isMemdb==0
+  if( isMemdb==0
    && (db->flags & SQLITE_Vtab)==0
    && zFilename && zFilename[0]
   ){
     if( sqlite3SharedCacheEnabled ){
       int nFullPathname = pVfs->mxPathname+1;
-      char *zFullPathname = (char *)sqlite3_malloc(nFullPathname);
+      char *zFullPathname = sqlite3Malloc(nFullPathname);
       sqlite3_mutex *mutexShared;
       p->sharable = 1;
-      if( db ){
-        db->flags |= SQLITE_SharedCache;
-      }
+      db->flags |= SQLITE_SharedCache;
       if( !zFullPathname ){
         sqlite3_free(p);
         return SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }
       sqlite3OsFullPathname(pVfs, zFilename, nFullPathname, zFullPathname);
-      mutexShared = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+      mutexShared = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
       sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutexShared);
       for(pBt=sqlite3SharedCacheList; pBt; pBt=pBt->pNext){
         assert( pBt->nRef>0 );
         if( 0==strcmp(zFullPathname, sqlite3PagerFilename(pBt->pPager))
                  && sqlite3PagerVfs(pBt->pPager)==pVfs ){
@@ -31212,13 +32691,10 @@
     pBt->pageSize = get2byte(&zDbHeader[16]);
     if( pBt->pageSize<512 || pBt->pageSize>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
          || ((pBt->pageSize-1)&pBt->pageSize)!=0 ){
       pBt->pageSize = 0;
       sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pBt->pPager, &pBt->pageSize);
-      pBt->maxEmbedFrac = 64;   /* 25% */
-      pBt->minEmbedFrac = 32;   /* 12.5% */
-      pBt->minLeafFrac = 32;    /* 12.5% */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       /* If the magic name ":memory:" will create an in-memory database, then
       ** leave the autoVacuum mode at 0 (do not auto-vacuum), even if
       ** SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM is true. On the other hand, if
       ** SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB has been defined, then ":memory:" is just a
@@ -31230,13 +32706,10 @@
       }
 #endif
       nReserve = 0;
     }else{
       nReserve = zDbHeader[20];
-      pBt->maxEmbedFrac = zDbHeader[21];
-      pBt->minEmbedFrac = zDbHeader[22];
-      pBt->minLeafFrac = zDbHeader[23];
       pBt->pageSizeFixed = 1;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       pBt->autoVacuum = (get4byte(&zDbHeader[36 + 4*4])?1:0);
       pBt->incrVacuum = (get4byte(&zDbHeader[36 + 7*4])?1:0);
 #endif
@@ -31249,13 +32722,13 @@
     /* Add the new BtShared object to the linked list sharable BtShareds.
     */
     if( p->sharable ){
       sqlite3_mutex *mutexShared;
       pBt->nRef = 1;
-      mutexShared = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-      if( SQLITE_THREADSAFE ){
-        pBt->mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST);
+      mutexShared = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+      if( SQLITE_THREADSAFE && sqlite3Config.bCoreMutex ){
+        pBt->mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST);
         if( pBt->mutex==0 ){
           rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
           db->mallocFailed = 0;
           goto btree_open_out;
         }
@@ -31324,22 +32797,22 @@
   sqlite3_mutex *pMaster;
   BtShared *pList;
   int removed = 0;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_notheld(pBt->mutex) );
-  pMaster = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+  pMaster = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMaster);
   pBt->nRef--;
   if( pBt->nRef<=0 ){
     if( sqlite3SharedCacheList==pBt ){
       sqlite3SharedCacheList = pBt->pNext;
     }else{
       pList = sqlite3SharedCacheList;
-      while( pList && pList->pNext!=pBt ){
+      while( ALWAYS(pList) && pList->pNext!=pBt ){
         pList=pList->pNext;
       }
-      if( pList ){
+      if( ALWAYS(pList) ){
         pList->pNext = pBt->pNext;
       }
     }
     if( SQLITE_THREADSAFE ){
       sqlite3_mutex_free(pBt->mutex);
@@ -31349,10 +32822,28 @@
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMaster);
   return removed;
 #else
   return 1;
 #endif
+}
+
+/*
+** Make sure pBt->pTmpSpace points to an allocation of
+** MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) bytes.
+*/
+static void allocateTempSpace(BtShared *pBt){
+  if( !pBt->pTmpSpace ){
+    pBt->pTmpSpace = sqlite3PageMalloc( pBt->pageSize );
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Free the pBt->pTmpSpace allocation
+*/
+static void freeTempSpace(BtShared *pBt){
+  sqlite3PageFree( pBt->pTmpSpace);
+  pBt->pTmpSpace = 0;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Close an open database and invalidate all cursors.
 */
@@ -31395,11 +32886,11 @@
     sqlite3PagerClose(pBt->pPager);
     if( pBt->xFreeSchema && pBt->pSchema ){
       pBt->xFreeSchema(pBt->pSchema);
     }
     sqlite3_free(pBt->pSchema);
-    sqlite3_free(pBt->pTmpSpace);
+    freeTempSpace(pBt);
     sqlite3_free(pBt);
   }
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
   assert( p->wantToLock==0 );
@@ -31500,12 +32991,11 @@
   if( pageSize>=512 && pageSize<=SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE &&
         ((pageSize-1)&pageSize)==0 ){
     assert( (pageSize & 7)==0 );
     assert( !pBt->pPage1 && !pBt->pCursor );
     pBt->pageSize = pageSize;
-    sqlite3_free(pBt->pTmpSpace);
-    pBt->pTmpSpace = 0;
+    freeTempSpace(pBt);
     rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pBt->pPager, &pBt->pageSize);
   }
   pBt->usableSize = pBt->pageSize - nReserve;
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
   return rc;
@@ -31605,26 +33095,34 @@
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
   /* Do some checking to help insure the file we opened really is
   ** a valid database file.
   */
-  rc = SQLITE_NOTADB;
-  nPage = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager);
-  if( nPage<0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_IOERR;
+  rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPage);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     goto page1_init_failed;
   }else if( nPage>0 ){
     int pageSize;
     int usableSize;
     u8 *page1 = pPage1->aData;
+    rc = SQLITE_NOTADB;
     if( memcmp(page1, zMagicHeader, 16)!=0 ){
       goto page1_init_failed;
     }
     if( page1[18]>1 ){
       pBt->readOnly = 1;
     }
     if( page1[19]>1 ){
+      goto page1_init_failed;
+    }
+
+    /* The maximum embedded fraction must be exactly 25%.  And the minimum
+    ** embedded fraction must be 12.5% for both leaf-data and non-leaf-data.
+    ** The original design allowed these amounts to vary, but as of
+    ** version 3.6.0, we require them to be fixed.
+    */
+    if( memcmp(&page1[21], "\100\040\040",3)!=0 ){
       goto page1_init_failed;
     }
     pageSize = get2byte(&page1[16]);
     if( ((pageSize-1)&pageSize)!=0 || pageSize<512 ||
         (SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE<32768 && pageSize>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE)
@@ -31641,23 +33139,19 @@
       ** again with the correct page-size.
       */
       releasePage(pPage1);
       pBt->usableSize = usableSize;
       pBt->pageSize = pageSize;
-      sqlite3_free(pBt->pTmpSpace);
-      pBt->pTmpSpace = 0;
+      freeTempSpace(pBt);
       sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pBt->pPager, &pBt->pageSize);
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
     if( usableSize<500 ){
       goto page1_init_failed;
     }
     pBt->pageSize = pageSize;
     pBt->usableSize = usableSize;
-    pBt->maxEmbedFrac = page1[21];
-    pBt->minEmbedFrac = page1[22];
-    pBt->minLeafFrac = page1[23];
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
     pBt->autoVacuum = (get4byte(&page1[36 + 4*4])?1:0);
     pBt->incrVacuum = (get4byte(&page1[36 + 7*4])?1:0);
 #endif
   }
@@ -31673,17 +33167,14 @@
   **     4-byte overflow page pointer
   ** So a cell consists of a 2-byte poiner, a header which is as much as
   ** 17 bytes long, 0 to N bytes of payload, and an optional 4 byte overflow
   ** page pointer.
   */
-  pBt->maxLocal = (pBt->usableSize-12)*pBt->maxEmbedFrac/255 - 23;
-  pBt->minLocal = (pBt->usableSize-12)*pBt->minEmbedFrac/255 - 23;
+  pBt->maxLocal = (pBt->usableSize-12)*64/255 - 23;
+  pBt->minLocal = (pBt->usableSize-12)*32/255 - 23;
   pBt->maxLeaf = pBt->usableSize - 35;
-  pBt->minLeaf = (pBt->usableSize-12)*pBt->minLeafFrac/255 - 23;
-  if( pBt->minLocal>pBt->maxLocal || pBt->maxLocal<0 ){
-    goto page1_init_failed;
-  }
+  pBt->minLeaf = (pBt->usableSize-12)*32/255 - 23;
   assert( pBt->maxLeaf + 23 <= MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) );
   pBt->pPage1 = pPage1;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 
 page1_init_failed:
@@ -31751,13 +33242,17 @@
 */
 static int newDatabase(BtShared *pBt){
   MemPage *pP1;
   unsigned char *data;
   int rc;
+  int nPage;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  if( sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager)>0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
+  rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPage);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || nPage>0 ){
+    return rc;
+  }
   pP1 = pBt->pPage1;
   assert( pP1!=0 );
   data = pP1->aData;
   rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pP1->pDbPage);
   if( rc ) return rc;
@@ -31765,13 +33260,13 @@
   assert( sizeof(zMagicHeader)==16 );
   put2byte(&data[16], pBt->pageSize);
   data[18] = 1;
   data[19] = 1;
   data[20] = pBt->pageSize - pBt->usableSize;
-  data[21] = pBt->maxEmbedFrac;
-  data[22] = pBt->minEmbedFrac;
-  data[23] = pBt->minLeafFrac;
+  data[21] = 64;
+  data[22] = 32;
+  data[23] = 32;
   memset(&data[24], 0, 100-24);
   zeroPage(pP1, PTF_INTKEY|PTF_LEAF|PTF_LEAFDATA );
   pBt->pageSizeFixed = 1;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
   assert( pBt->autoVacuum==1 || pBt->autoVacuum==0 );
@@ -31940,11 +33435,11 @@
     }
 
     if( !pPage->leaf ){
       Pgno childPgno = get4byte(pCell);
       rc = ptrmapPut(pBt, childPgno, PTRMAP_BTREE, pgno);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto set_child_ptrmaps_out;
+       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto set_child_ptrmaps_out;
     }
   }
 
   if( !pPage->leaf ){
     Pgno childPgno = get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]);
@@ -32094,10 +33589,17 @@
     }
   }
   return rc;
 }
 
+static int pagerPagecount(Pager *pPager){
+  int rc;
+  int nPage;
+  rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
+  return (rc==SQLITE_OK?nPage:-1);
+}
+
 /* Forward declaration required by incrVacuumStep(). */
 static int allocateBtreePage(BtShared *, MemPage **, Pgno *, Pgno, u8);
 
 /*
 ** Perform a single step of an incremental-vacuum. If successful,
@@ -32119,11 +33621,11 @@
   Pgno nFreeList;           /* Number of pages still on the free-list */
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
   iLastPg = pBt->nTrunc;
   if( iLastPg==0 ){
-    iLastPg = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager);
+    iLastPg = pagerPagecount(pBt->pPager);
   }
 
   if( !PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, iLastPg) && iLastPg!=PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
     int rc;
     u8 eType;
@@ -32252,11 +33754,11 @@
 
     if( pBt->nTrunc==0 ){
       Pgno nFree;
       Pgno nPtrmap;
       const int pgsz = pBt->pageSize;
-      Pgno nOrig = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager);
+      int nOrig = pagerPagecount(pBt->pPager);
 
       if( PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, nOrig) ){
         return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
       }
       if( nOrig==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
@@ -32609,11 +34111,10 @@
   BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
   pBt->db = p->db;
   if( pBt->inStmt && !pBt->readOnly ){
     rc = sqlite3PagerStmtRollback(pBt->pPager);
-    assert( countWriteCursors(pBt)==0 );
     pBt->inStmt = 0;
   }
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
   return rc;
 }
@@ -32658,11 +34159,11 @@
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
   if( wrFlag ){
     if( pBt->readOnly ){
       return SQLITE_READONLY;
     }
-    if( checkReadLocks(p, iTable, 0) ){
+    if( checkReadLocks(p, iTable, 0, 0) ){
       return SQLITE_LOCKED;
     }
   }
 
   if( pBt->pPage1==0 ){
@@ -32673,11 +34174,11 @@
     if( pBt->readOnly && wrFlag ){
       return SQLITE_READONLY;
     }
   }
   pCur->pgnoRoot = (Pgno)iTable;
-  if( iTable==1 && sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager)==0 ){
+  if( iTable==1 && pagerPagecount(pBt->pPager)==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_EMPTY;
     goto create_cursor_exception;
   }
   rc = getAndInitPage(pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, &pCur->pPage, 0);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -32700,13 +34201,11 @@
   pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
 
   return SQLITE_OK;
 
 create_cursor_exception:
-  if( pCur ){
-    releasePage(pCur->pPage);
-  }
+  releasePage(pCur->pPage);
   unlockBtreeIfUnused(pBt);
   return rc;
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursor(
   Btree *p,                                   /* The btree */
@@ -32837,11 +34336,11 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeKeySize(BtCursor *pCur, i64 *pSize){
   int rc;
 
   assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  rc = restoreOrClearCursorPosition(pCur);
+  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID || pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
     if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID ){
       *pSize = 0;
     }else{
@@ -32861,11 +34360,11 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDataSize(BtCursor *pCur, u32 *pSize){
   int rc;
 
   assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  rc = restoreOrClearCursorPosition(pCur);
+  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID || pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
     if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID ){
       /* Not pointing at a valid entry - set *pSize to 0. */
       *pSize = 0;
@@ -32928,11 +34427,11 @@
 
     while( PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, iGuess) || iGuess==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
       iGuess++;
     }
 
-    if( iGuess<=sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager) ){
+    if( iGuess<=pagerPagecount(pBt->pPager) ){
       rc = ptrmapGet(pBt, iGuess, &eType, &pgno);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
         return rc;
       }
       if( eType==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2 && pgno==ovfl ){
@@ -33169,11 +34668,11 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeKey(BtCursor *pCur, u32 offset, u32 amt, void *pBuf){
   int rc;
 
   assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  rc = restoreOrClearCursorPosition(pCur);
+  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
     assert( pCur->pPage!=0 );
     if( pCur->pPage->intKey ){
       return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
@@ -33195,12 +34694,18 @@
 ** the available payload.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeData(BtCursor *pCur, u32 offset, u32 amt, void *pBuf){
   int rc;
 
-  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  rc = restoreOrClearCursorPosition(pCur);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
+  if ( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID ){
+    return SQLITE_ABORT;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
+  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
     assert( pCur->pPage!=0 );
     assert( pCur->idx>=0 && pCur->idx<pCur->pPage->nCell );
     rc = accessPayload(pCur, offset, amt, pBuf, 1, 0);
@@ -33648,11 +35153,11 @@
         pCellKey = (void *)fetchPayload(pCur, &available, 0);
         nCellKey = pCur->info.nKey;
         if( available>=nCellKey ){
           c = sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(nCellKey, pCellKey, pUnKey);
         }else{
-          pCellKey = sqlite3_malloc( nCellKey );
+          pCellKey = sqlite3Malloc( nCellKey );
           if( pCellKey==0 ){
             rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
             goto moveto_finish;
           }
           rc = sqlite3BtreeKey(pCur, 0, nCellKey, (void *)pCellKey);
@@ -33747,11 +35252,11 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
   int rc;
   MemPage *pPage;
 
   assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  rc = restoreOrClearCursorPosition(pCur);
+  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     return rc;
   }
   assert( pRes!=0 );
   pPage = pCur->pPage;
@@ -33816,11 +35321,11 @@
   int rc;
   Pgno pgno;
   MemPage *pPage;
 
   assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
-  rc = restoreOrClearCursorPosition(pCur);
+  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     return rc;
   }
   pCur->atLast = 0;
   if( CURSOR_INVALID==pCur->eState ){
@@ -33913,11 +35418,11 @@
     /* If the 'exact' parameter was true and a query of the pointer-map
     ** shows that the page 'nearby' is somewhere on the free-list, then
     ** the entire-list will be searched for that page.
     */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( exact && nearby<=sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager) ){
+    if( exact && nearby<=pagerPagecount(pBt->pPager) ){
       u8 eType;
       assert( nearby>0 );
       assert( pBt->autoVacuum );
       rc = ptrmapGet(pBt, nearby, &eType, 0);
       if( rc ) return rc;
@@ -33965,11 +35470,11 @@
         *pPgno = iTrunk;
         memcpy(&pPage1->aData[32], &pTrunk->aData[0], 4);
         *ppPage = pTrunk;
         pTrunk = 0;
         TRACE(("ALLOCATE: %d trunk - %d free pages left\n", *pPgno, n-1));
-      }else if( k>pBt->usableSize/4 - 8 ){
+      }else if( k>pBt->usableSize/4 - 2 ){
         /* Value of k is out of range.  Database corruption */
         rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
         goto end_allocate_page;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       }else if( searchList && nearby==iTrunk ){
@@ -34048,12 +35553,14 @@
           closest = 0;
         }
 
         iPage = get4byte(&aData[8+closest*4]);
         if( !searchList || iPage==nearby ){
+          int nPage;
           *pPgno = iPage;
-          if( *pPgno>sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager) ){
+          nPage = pagerPagecount(pBt->pPager);
+          if( *pPgno>nPage ){
             /* Free page off the end of the file */
             rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
             goto end_allocate_page;
           }
           TRACE(("ALLOCATE: %d was leaf %d of %d on trunk %d"
@@ -34078,11 +35585,12 @@
       pPrevTrunk = 0;
     }while( searchList );
   }else{
     /* There are no pages on the freelist, so create a new page at the
     ** end of the file */
-    *pPgno = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager) + 1;
+    int nPage = pagerPagecount(pBt->pPager);
+    *pPgno = nPage + 1;
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
     if( pBt->nTrunc ){
       /* An incr-vacuum has already run within this transaction. So the
       ** page to allocate is not from the physical end of the file, but
@@ -34182,11 +35690,23 @@
     rc = sqlite3BtreeGetPage(pBt, get4byte(&pPage1->aData[32]), &pTrunk, 0);
     if( rc ) return rc;
     k = get4byte(&pTrunk->aData[4]);
     if( k>=pBt->usableSize/4 - 8 ){
       /* The trunk is full.  Turn the page being freed into a new
-      ** trunk page with no leaves. */
+      ** trunk page with no leaves.
+      **
+      ** Note that the trunk page is not really full until it contains
+      ** usableSize/4 - 2 entries, not usableSize/4 - 8 entries as we have
+      ** coded.  But due to a coding error in versions of SQLite prior to
+      ** 3.6.0, databases with freelist trunk pages holding more than
+      ** usableSize/4 - 8 entries will be reported as corrupt.  In order
+      ** to maintain backwards compatibility with older versions of SQLite,
+      ** we will contain to restrict the number of entries to usableSize/4 - 8
+      ** for now.  At some point in the future (once everyone has upgraded
+      ** to 3.6.0 or later) we should consider fixing the conditional above
+      ** to read "usableSize/4-2" instead of "usableSize/4-8".
+      */
       rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         put4byte(pPage->aData, pTrunk->pgno);
         put4byte(&pPage->aData[4], 0);
         put4byte(&pPage1->aData[32], pPage->pgno);
@@ -34232,11 +35752,11 @@
   ovflPageSize = pBt->usableSize - 4;
   nOvfl = (info.nPayload - info.nLocal + ovflPageSize - 1)/ovflPageSize;
   assert( ovflPgno==0 || nOvfl>0 );
   while( nOvfl-- ){
     MemPage *pOvfl;
-    if( ovflPgno==0 || ovflPgno>sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager) ){
+    if( ovflPgno==0 || ovflPgno>pagerPagecount(pBt->pPager) ){
       return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
     }
 
     rc = getOverflowPage(pBt, ovflPgno, &pOvfl, (nOvfl==0)?0:&ovflPgno);
     if( rc ) return rc;
@@ -34544,12 +36064,11 @@
     top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
     cellOffset = pPage->cellOffset;
     end = cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell + 2;
     ins = cellOffset + 2*i;
     if( end > top - sz ){
-      rc = defragmentPage(pPage);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+      defragmentPage(pPage);
       top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
       assert( end + sz <= top );
     }
     idx = allocateSpace(pPage, sz);
     assert( idx>0 );
@@ -34697,23 +36216,28 @@
   sqlite3PagerRef(pParent->pDbPage);
 
   /* pPage is currently the right-child of pParent. Change this
   ** so that the right-child is the new page allocated above and
   ** pPage is the next-to-right child.
+  **
+  ** Ignore the return value of the call to fillInCell(). fillInCell()
+  ** may only return other than SQLITE_OK if it is required to allocate
+  ** one or more overflow pages. Since an internal table B-Tree cell
+  ** may never spill over onto an overflow page (it is a maximum of
+  ** 13 bytes in size), it is not neccessary to check the return code.
+  **
+  ** Similarly, the insertCell() function cannot fail if the page
+  ** being inserted into is already writable and the cell does not
+  ** contain an overflow pointer. So ignore this return code too.
   */
   assert( pPage->nCell>0 );
   pCell = findCell(pPage, pPage->nCell-1);
   sqlite3BtreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCell, &info);
-  rc = fillInCell(pParent, parentCell, 0, info.nKey, 0, 0, 0, &parentSize);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
+  fillInCell(pParent, parentCell, 0, info.nKey, 0, 0, 0, &parentSize);
   assert( parentSize<64 );
-  rc = insertCell(pParent, parentIdx, parentCell, parentSize, 0, 4);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
+  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );
+  insertCell(pParent, parentIdx, parentCell, parentSize, 0, 4);
   put4byte(findOverflowCell(pParent,parentIdx), pPage->pgno);
   put4byte(&pParent->aData[pParent->hdrOffset+8], pgnoNew);
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
   /* If this is an auto-vacuum database, update the pointer map
@@ -34784,11 +36308,13 @@
   int leafCorrection;          /* 4 if pPage is a leaf.  0 if not */
   int leafData;                /* True if pPage is a leaf of a LEAFDATA tree */
   int usableSpace;             /* Bytes in pPage beyond the header */
   int pageFlags;               /* Value of pPage->aData[0] */
   int subtotal;                /* Subtotal of bytes in cells on one page */
-  int iSpace = 0;              /* First unused byte of aSpace[] */
+  int iSpace1 = 0;             /* First unused byte of aSpace1[] */
+  int iSpace2 = 0;             /* First unused byte of aSpace2[] */
+  int szScratch;               /* Size of scratch memory requested */
   MemPage *apOld[NB];          /* pPage and up to two siblings */
   Pgno pgnoOld[NB];            /* Page numbers for each page in apOld[] */
   MemPage *apCopy[NB];         /* Private copies of apOld[] pages */
   MemPage *apNew[NB+2];        /* pPage and up to NB siblings after balancing */
   Pgno pgnoNew[NB+2];          /* Page numbers for each page in apNew[] */
@@ -34795,12 +36321,13 @@
   u8 *apDiv[NB];               /* Divider cells in pParent */
   int cntNew[NB+2];            /* Index in aCell[] of cell after i-th page */
   int szNew[NB+2];             /* Combined size of cells place on i-th page */
   u8 **apCell = 0;             /* All cells begin balanced */
   u16 *szCell;                 /* Local size of all cells in apCell[] */
-  u8 *aCopy[NB];               /* Space for holding data of apCopy[] */
-  u8 *aSpace;                  /* Space to hold copies of dividers cells */
+  u8 *aCopy[NB];         /* Space for holding data of apCopy[] */
+  u8 *aSpace1;           /* Space for copies of dividers cells before balance */
+  u8 *aSpace2 = 0;       /* Space for overflow dividers cells after balance */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
   u8 *aFrom = 0;
 #endif
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
@@ -34814,10 +36341,11 @@
   pParent = pPage->pParent;
   assert( pParent );
   if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pParent->pDbPage)) ){
     return rc;
   }
+
   TRACE(("BALANCE: begin page %d child of %d\n", pPage->pgno, pParent->pgno));
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_QUICKBALANCE
   /*
   ** A special case:  If a new entry has just been inserted into a
@@ -34914,17 +36442,17 @@
   nMaxCells = (nMaxCells + 3)&~3;
 
   /*
   ** Allocate space for memory structures
   */
-  apCell = sqlite3_malloc(
+  szScratch =
        nMaxCells*sizeof(u8*)                       /* apCell */
      + nMaxCells*sizeof(u16)                       /* szCell */
      + (ROUND8(sizeof(MemPage))+pBt->pageSize)*NB  /* aCopy */
-     + pBt->pageSize*5                             /* aSpace */
-     + (ISAUTOVACUUM ? nMaxCells : 0)              /* aFrom */
-  );
+     + pBt->pageSize                               /* aSpace1 */
+     + (ISAUTOVACUUM ? nMaxCells : 0);             /* aFrom */
+  apCell = sqlite3ScratchMalloc( szScratch );
   if( apCell==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     goto balance_cleanup;
   }
   szCell = (u16*)&apCell[nMaxCells];
@@ -34932,17 +36460,22 @@
   assert( ((aCopy[0] - (u8*)apCell) & 7)==0 ); /* 8-byte alignment required */
   for(i=1; i<NB; i++){
     aCopy[i] = &aCopy[i-1][pBt->pageSize+ROUND8(sizeof(MemPage))];
     assert( ((aCopy[i] - (u8*)apCell) & 7)==0 ); /* 8-byte alignment required */
   }
-  aSpace = &aCopy[NB-1][pBt->pageSize+ROUND8(sizeof(MemPage))];
-  assert( ((aSpace - (u8*)apCell) & 7)==0 ); /* 8-byte alignment required */
+  aSpace1 = &aCopy[NB-1][pBt->pageSize+ROUND8(sizeof(MemPage))];
+  assert( ((aSpace1 - (u8*)apCell) & 7)==0 ); /* 8-byte alignment required */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
   if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
-    aFrom = &aSpace[5*pBt->pageSize];
-  }
-#endif
+    aFrom = &aSpace1[pBt->pageSize];
+  }
+#endif
+  aSpace2 = sqlite3PageMalloc(pBt->pageSize);
+  if( aSpace2==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    goto balance_cleanup;
+  }
 
   /*
   ** Make copies of the content of pPage and its siblings into aOld[].
   ** The rest of this function will use data from the copies rather
   ** that the original pages since the original pages will be in the
@@ -34956,16 +36489,16 @@
   }
 
   /*
   ** Load pointers to all cells on sibling pages and the divider cells
   ** into the local apCell[] array.  Make copies of the divider cells
-  ** into space obtained form aSpace[] and remove the the divider Cells
+  ** into space obtained form aSpace1[] and remove the the divider Cells
   ** from pParent.
   **
   ** If the siblings are on leaf pages, then the child pointers of the
   ** divider cells are stripped from the cells before they are copied
-  ** into aSpace[].  In this way, all cells in apCell[] are without
+  ** into aSpace1[].  In this way, all cells in apCell[] are without
   ** child pointers.  If siblings are not leaves, then all cell in
   ** apCell[] include child pointers.  Either way, all cells in apCell[]
   ** are alike.
   **
   ** leafCorrection:  4 if pPage is a leaf.  0 if pPage is not a leaf.
@@ -35006,13 +36539,14 @@
         dropCell(pParent, nxDiv, sz);
       }else{
         u8 *pTemp;
         assert( nCell<nMaxCells );
         szCell[nCell] = sz;
-        pTemp = &aSpace[iSpace];
-        iSpace += sz;
-        assert( iSpace<=pBt->pageSize*5 );
+        pTemp = &aSpace1[iSpace1];
+        iSpace1 += sz;
+        assert( sz<=pBt->pageSize/4 );
+        assert( iSpace1<=pBt->pageSize );
         memcpy(pTemp, apDiv[i], sz);
         apCell[nCell] = pTemp+leafCorrection;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
         if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
           aFrom[nCell] = 0xFF;
@@ -35126,11 +36660,10 @@
       rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt, &pNew, &pgnoNew[i], pgnoNew[i-1], 0);
       if( rc ) goto balance_cleanup;
       apNew[i] = pNew;
       nNew++;
     }
-    zeroPage(pNew, pageFlags);
   }
 
   /* Free any old pages that were not reused as new pages.
   */
   while( i<nOld ){
@@ -35193,10 +36726,11 @@
   for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
     /* Assemble the new sibling page. */
     MemPage *pNew = apNew[i];
     assert( j<nMaxCells );
     assert( pNew->pgno==pgnoNew[i] );
+    zeroPage(pNew, pageFlags);
     assemblePage(pNew, cntNew[i]-j, &apCell[j], &szCell[j]);
     assert( pNew->nCell>0 || (nNew==1 && cntNew[0]==0) );
     assert( pNew->nOverflow==0 );
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
@@ -35229,32 +36763,27 @@
       int sz;
 
       assert( j<nMaxCells );
       pCell = apCell[j];
       sz = szCell[j] + leafCorrection;
+      pTemp = &aSpace2[iSpace2];
       if( !pNew->leaf ){
         memcpy(&pNew->aData[8], pCell, 4);
-        pTemp = 0;
       }else if( leafData ){
         /* If the tree is a leaf-data tree, and the siblings are leaves,
         ** then there is no divider cell in apCell[]. Instead, the divider
         ** cell consists of the integer key for the right-most cell of
         ** the sibling-page assembled above only.
         */
         CellInfo info;
         j--;
         sqlite3BtreeParseCellPtr(pNew, apCell[j], &info);
-        pCell = &aSpace[iSpace];
-        fillInCell(pParent, pCell, 0, info.nKey, 0, 0, 0, &sz);
-        iSpace += sz;
-        assert( iSpace<=pBt->pageSize*5 );
+        pCell = pTemp;
+        fillInCell(pParent, pCell, 0, info.nKey, 0, 0, 0, &sz);
         pTemp = 0;
       }else{
         pCell -= 4;
-        pTemp = &aSpace[iSpace];
-        iSpace += sz;
-        assert( iSpace<=pBt->pageSize*5 );
         /* Obscure case for non-leaf-data trees: If the cell at pCell was
         ** previously stored on a leaf node, and its reported size was 4
         ** bytes, then it may actually be smaller than this
         ** (see sqlite3BtreeParseCellPtr(), 4 bytes is the minimum size of
         ** any cell). But it is important to pass the correct size to
@@ -35267,10 +36796,13 @@
         if( szCell[j]==4 ){
           assert(leafCorrection==4);
           sz = cellSizePtr(pParent, pCell);
         }
       }
+      iSpace2 += sz;
+      assert( sz<=pBt->pageSize/4 );
+      assert( iSpace2<=pBt->pageSize );
       rc = insertCell(pParent, nxDiv, pCell, sz, pTemp, 4);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto balance_cleanup;
       put4byte(findOverflowCell(pParent,nxDiv), pNew->pgno);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       /* If this is an auto-vacuum database, and not a leaf-data tree,
@@ -35317,17 +36849,20 @@
   ** Balance the parent page.  Note that the current page (pPage) might
   ** have been added to the freelist so it might no longer be initialized.
   ** But the parent page will always be initialized.
   */
   assert( pParent->isInit );
+  sqlite3ScratchFree(apCell);
+  apCell = 0;
   rc = balance(pParent, 0);
 
   /*
   ** Cleanup before returning.
   */
 balance_cleanup:
-  sqlite3_free(apCell);
+  sqlite3PageFree(aSpace2);
+  sqlite3ScratchFree(apCell);
   for(i=0; i<nOld; i++){
     releasePage(apOld[i]);
   }
   for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
     releasePage(apNew[i]);
@@ -35355,11 +36890,11 @@
   assert( pPage->pParent==0 );
   assert( pPage->nCell==0 );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
   pBt = pPage->pBt;
   mxCellPerPage = MX_CELL(pBt);
-  apCell = sqlite3_malloc( mxCellPerPage*(sizeof(u8*)+sizeof(u16)) );
+  apCell = sqlite3Malloc( mxCellPerPage*(sizeof(u8*)+sizeof(u16)) );
   if( apCell==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   szCell = (u16*)&apCell[mxCellPerPage];
   if( pPage->leaf ){
     /* The table is completely empty */
     TRACE(("BALANCE: empty table %d\n", pPage->pgno));
@@ -35376,11 +36911,11 @@
     ** for the right-pointer to the child page.  The child page becomes
     ** the virtual root of the tree.
     */
     pgnoChild = get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]);
     assert( pgnoChild>0 );
-    assert( pgnoChild<=sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPage->pBt->pPager) );
+    assert( pgnoChild<=pagerPagecount(pPage->pBt->pPager) );
     rc = sqlite3BtreeGetPage(pPage->pBt, pgnoChild, &pChild, 0);
     if( rc ) goto end_shallow_balance;
     if( pPage->pgno==1 ){
       rc = sqlite3BtreeInitPage(pChild, pPage);
       if( rc ) goto end_shallow_balance;
@@ -35468,11 +37003,11 @@
   hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
   brk = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
   cdata = pChild->aData;
   memcpy(cdata, &data[hdr], pPage->cellOffset+2*pPage->nCell-hdr);
   memcpy(&cdata[brk], &data[brk], usableSize-brk);
-  assert( pChild->isInit==0 );
+  if( pChild->isInit ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT;
   rc = sqlite3BtreeInitPage(pChild, pPage);
   if( rc ) goto balancedeeper_out;
   memcpy(pChild->aOvfl, pPage->aOvfl, pPage->nOverflow*sizeof(pPage->aOvfl[0]));
   pChild->nOverflow = pPage->nOverflow;
   if( pChild->nOverflow ){
@@ -35488,11 +37023,11 @@
     rc = ptrmapPut(pBt, pChild->pgno, PTRMAP_BTREE, pPage->pgno);
     if( rc ) goto balancedeeper_out;
     for(i=0; i<pChild->nCell; i++){
       rc = ptrmapPutOvfl(pChild, i);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        return rc;
+        goto balancedeeper_out;
       }
     }
   }
 #endif
   rc = balance_nonroot(pChild);
@@ -35532,48 +37067,69 @@
 ** database connection (a database connection that shares the pager
 ** cache with the current connection) and that other connection
 ** is not in the ReadUncommmitted state, then this routine returns
 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.
 **
-** In addition to checking for read-locks (where a read-lock
-** means a cursor opened with wrFlag==0) this routine also moves
-** all write cursors so that they are pointing to the
-** first Cell on the root page.  This is necessary because an insert
-** or delete might change the number of cells on a page or delete
-** a page entirely and we do not want to leave any cursors
-** pointing to non-existant pages or cells.
-*/
-static int checkReadLocks(Btree *pBtree, Pgno pgnoRoot, BtCursor *pExclude){
+** As well as cursors with wrFlag==0, cursors with wrFlag==1 and
+** isIncrblobHandle==1 are also considered 'read' cursors. Incremental
+** blob cursors are used for both reading and writing.
+**
+** When pgnoRoot is the root page of an intkey table, this function is also
+** responsible for invalidating incremental blob cursors when the table row
+** on which they are opened is deleted or modified. Cursors are invalidated
+** according to the following rules:
+**
+**   1) When BtreeClearTable() is called to completely delete the contents
+**      of a B-Tree table, pExclude is set to zero and parameter iRow is
+**      set to non-zero. In this case all incremental blob cursors open
+**      on the table rooted at pgnoRoot are invalidated.
+**
+**   2) When BtreeInsert(), BtreeDelete() or BtreePutData() is called to
+**      modify a table row via an SQL statement, pExclude is set to the
+**      write cursor used to do the modification and parameter iRow is set
+**      to the integer row id of the B-Tree entry being modified. Unless
+**      pExclude is itself an incremental blob cursor, then all incremental
+**      blob cursors open on row iRow of the B-Tree are invalidated.
+**
+**   3) If both pExclude and iRow are set to zero, no incremental blob
+**      cursors are invalidated.
+*/
+static int checkReadLocks(
+  Btree *pBtree,
+  Pgno pgnoRoot,
+  BtCursor *pExclude,
+  i64 iRow
+){
   BtCursor *p;
   BtShared *pBt = pBtree->pBt;
   sqlite3 *db = pBtree->db;
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(pBtree) );
   for(p=pBt->pCursor; p; p=p->pNext){
     if( p==pExclude ) continue;
-    if( p->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) continue;
     if( p->pgnoRoot!=pgnoRoot ) continue;
-    if( p->wrFlag==0 ){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
+    if( p->isIncrblobHandle && (
+         (!pExclude && iRow)
+      || (pExclude && !pExclude->isIncrblobHandle && p->info.nKey==iRow)
+    )){
+      p->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
+    }
+#endif
+    if( p->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) continue;
+    if( p->wrFlag==0
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
+     || p->isIncrblobHandle
+#endif
+    ){
       sqlite3 *dbOther = p->pBtree->db;
       if( dbOther==0 ||
          (dbOther!=db && (dbOther->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommitted)==0) ){
         return SQLITE_LOCKED;
       }
-    }else if( p->pPage->pgno!=p->pgnoRoot ){
-      moveToRoot(p);
-    }
-  }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Make sure pBt->pTmpSpace points to an allocation of
-** MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) bytes.
-*/
-static void allocateTempSpace(BtShared *pBt){
-  if( !pBt->pTmpSpace ){
-    pBt->pTmpSpace = sqlite3_malloc(MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt));
-  }
+    }
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Insert a new record into the BTree.  The key is given by (pKey,nKey)
 ** and the data is given by (pData,nData).  The cursor is used only to
@@ -35607,11 +37163,11 @@
   }
   assert( !pBt->readOnly );
   if( !pCur->wrFlag ){
     return SQLITE_PERM;   /* Cursor not open for writing */
   }
-  if( checkReadLocks(pCur->pBtree, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur) ){
+  if( checkReadLocks(pCur->pBtree, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur, nKey) ){
     return SQLITE_LOCKED; /* The table pCur points to has a read lock */
   }
   if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT ){
     return pCur->skip;
   }
@@ -35663,12 +37219,10 @@
     assert( pPage->leaf );
   }
   rc = insertCell(pPage, pCur->idx, newCell, szNew, 0, 0);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_insert;
   rc = balance(pPage, 1);
-  /* sqlite3BtreePageDump(pCur->pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, 1); */
-  /* fflush(stdout); */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     moveToRoot(pCur);
   }
 end_insert:
   return rc;
@@ -35701,21 +37255,21 @@
     return SQLITE_ERROR;  /* The cursor is not pointing to anything */
   }
   if( !pCur->wrFlag ){
     return SQLITE_PERM;   /* Did not open this cursor for writing */
   }
-  if( checkReadLocks(pCur->pBtree, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur) ){
+  if( checkReadLocks(pCur->pBtree, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur, pCur->info.nKey) ){
     return SQLITE_LOCKED; /* The table pCur points to has a read lock */
   }
 
   /* Restore the current cursor position (a no-op if the cursor is not in
   ** CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK state) and save the positions of any other cursors
   ** open on the same table. Then call sqlite3PagerWrite() on the page
   ** that the entry will be deleted from.
   */
   if(
-    (rc = restoreOrClearCursorPosition(pCur))!=0 ||
+    (rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur))!=0 ||
     (rc = saveAllCursors(pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur))!=0 ||
     (rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage))!=0
   ){
     return rc;
   }
@@ -35954,11 +37508,11 @@
   int rc;
   unsigned char *pCell;
   int i;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  if( pgno>sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager) ){
+  if( pgno>pagerPagecount(pBt->pPager) ){
     return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
   }
 
   rc = getAndInitPage(pBt, pgno, &pPage, pParent);
   if( rc ) goto cleardatabasepage_out;
@@ -36000,11 +37554,11 @@
   BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
   pBt->db = p->db;
   if( p->inTrans!=TRANS_WRITE ){
     rc = pBt->readOnly ? SQLITE_READONLY : SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }else if( (rc = checkReadLocks(p, iTable, 0))!=SQLITE_OK ){
+  }else if( (rc = checkReadLocks(p, iTable, 0, 1))!=SQLITE_OK ){
     /* nothing to do */
   }else if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = saveAllCursors(pBt, iTable, 0)) ){
     /* nothing to do */
   }else{
     rc = clearDatabasePage(pBt, (Pgno)iTable, 0, 0);
@@ -36239,14 +37793,14 @@
 ** Return the flag byte at the beginning of the page that the cursor
 ** is currently pointing to.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFlags(BtCursor *pCur){
   /* TODO: What about CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK state? Probably need to call
-  ** restoreOrClearCursorPosition() here.
+  ** restoreCursorPosition() here.
   */
   MemPage *pPage;
-  restoreOrClearCursorPosition(pCur);
+  restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
   pPage = pCur->pPage;
   assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
   assert( pPage->pBt==pCur->pBt );
   return pPage ? pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset] : 0;
 }
@@ -36269,27 +37823,22 @@
   char *zMsg1,
   const char *zFormat,
   ...
 ){
   va_list ap;
-  char *zMsg2;
   if( !pCheck->mxErr ) return;
   pCheck->mxErr--;
   pCheck->nErr++;
   va_start(ap, zFormat);
-  zMsg2 = sqlite3VMPrintf(0, zFormat, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  if( zMsg1==0 ) zMsg1 = "";
-  if( pCheck->zErrMsg ){
-    char *zOld = pCheck->zErrMsg;
-    pCheck->zErrMsg = 0;
-    sqlite3SetString(&pCheck->zErrMsg, zOld, "\n", zMsg1, zMsg2, (char*)0);
-    sqlite3_free(zOld);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3SetString(&pCheck->zErrMsg, zMsg1, zMsg2, (char*)0);
-  }
-  sqlite3_free(zMsg2);
+  if( pCheck->errMsg.nChar ){
+    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&pCheck->errMsg, "\n", 1);
+  }
+  if( zMsg1 ){
+    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&pCheck->errMsg, zMsg1, -1);
+  }
+  sqlite3VXPrintf(&pCheck->errMsg, 1, zFormat, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
 /*
@@ -36378,11 +37927,11 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       if( pCheck->pBt->autoVacuum ){
         checkPtrmap(pCheck, iPage, PTRMAP_FREEPAGE, 0, zContext);
       }
 #endif
-      if( n>pCheck->pBt->usableSize/4-8 ){
+      if( n>pCheck->pBt->usableSize/4-2 ){
         checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext,
            "freelist leaf count too big on page %d", iPage);
         N--;
       }else{
         for(i=0; i<n; i++){
@@ -36528,12 +38077,13 @@
 
   /* Check for complete coverage of the page
   */
   data = pPage->aData;
   hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
-  hit = sqlite3MallocZero( usableSize );
+  hit = sqlite3PageMalloc( pBt->pageSize );
   if( hit ){
+    memset(hit, 0, usableSize );
     memset(hit, 1, get2byte(&data[hdr+5]));
     nCell = get2byte(&data[hdr+3]);
     cellStart = hdr + 12 - 4*pPage->leaf;
     for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
       int pc = get2byte(&data[cellStart+i*2]);
@@ -36571,11 +38121,11 @@
       checkAppendMsg(pCheck, 0,
           "Fragmented space is %d byte reported as %d on page %d",
           cnt, data[hdr+7], iPage);
     }
   }
-  sqlite3_free(hit);
+  sqlite3PageFree(hit);
 
   releasePage(pPage);
   return depth+1;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */
@@ -36600,10 +38150,11 @@
 ){
   int i;
   int nRef;
   IntegrityCk sCheck;
   BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
+  char zErr[100];
 
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
   pBt->db = p->db;
   nRef = sqlite3PagerRefcount(pBt->pPager);
   if( lockBtreeWithRetry(p)!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -36610,11 +38161,11 @@
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
     return sqlite3StrDup("Unable to acquire a read lock on the database");
   }
   sCheck.pBt = pBt;
   sCheck.pPager = pBt->pPager;
-  sCheck.nPage = sqlite3PagerPagecount(sCheck.pPager);
+  sCheck.nPage = pagerPagecount(sCheck.pPager);
   sCheck.mxErr = mxErr;
   sCheck.nErr = 0;
   *pnErr = 0;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
   if( pBt->nTrunc!=0 ){
@@ -36624,11 +38175,11 @@
   if( sCheck.nPage==0 ){
     unlockBtreeIfUnused(pBt);
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
     return 0;
   }
-  sCheck.anRef = sqlite3_malloc( (sCheck.nPage+1)*sizeof(sCheck.anRef[0]) );
+  sCheck.anRef = sqlite3Malloc( (sCheck.nPage+1)*sizeof(sCheck.anRef[0]) );
   if( !sCheck.anRef ){
     unlockBtreeIfUnused(pBt);
     *pnErr = 1;
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
     return sqlite3MPrintf(p->db, "Unable to malloc %d bytes",
@@ -36637,11 +38188,11 @@
   for(i=0; i<=sCheck.nPage; i++){ sCheck.anRef[i] = 0; }
   i = PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt);
   if( i<=sCheck.nPage ){
     sCheck.anRef[i] = 1;
   }
-  sCheck.zErrMsg = 0;
+  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&sCheck.errMsg, zErr, sizeof(zErr), 20000);
 
   /* Check the integrity of the freelist
   */
   checkList(&sCheck, 1, get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[32]),
             get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[36]), "Main freelist: ");
@@ -36693,11 +38244,12 @@
   /* Clean  up and report errors.
   */
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
   sqlite3_free(sCheck.anRef);
   *pnErr = sCheck.nErr;
-  return sCheck.zErrMsg;
+  if( sCheck.nErr==0 ) sqlite3StrAccumReset(&sCheck.errMsg);
+  return sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&sCheck.errMsg);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */
 
 /*
 ** Return the full pathname of the underlying database file.
@@ -36771,12 +38323,12 @@
   }
   if( pBtTo->pCursor ){
     return SQLITE_BUSY;
   }
 
-  nToPage = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBtTo->pPager);
-  nFromPage = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBtFrom->pPager);
+  nToPage = pagerPagecount(pBtTo->pPager);
+  nFromPage = pagerPagecount(pBtFrom->pPager);
   iSkip = PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBtTo);
 
   /* Variable nNewPage is the number of pages required to store the
   ** contents of pFrom using the current page-size of pTo.
   */
@@ -36985,19 +38537,23 @@
 ** The first time this is called on a shared-btree, nBytes bytes of memory
 ** are allocated, zeroed, and returned to the caller. For each subsequent
 ** call the nBytes parameter is ignored and a pointer to the same blob
 ** of memory returned.
 **
+** If the nBytes parameter is 0 and the blob of memory has not yet been
+** allocated, a null pointer is returned. If the blob has already been
+** allocated, it is returned as normal.
+**
 ** Just before the shared-btree is closed, the function passed as the
 ** xFree argument when the memory allocation was made is invoked on the
 ** blob of allocated memory. This function should not call sqlite3_free()
 ** on the memory, the btree layer does that.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3BtreeSchema(Btree *p, int nBytes, void(*xFree)(void *)){
   BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  if( !pBt->pSchema ){
+  if( !pBt->pSchema && nBytes ){
     pBt->pSchema = sqlite3MallocZero(nBytes);
     pBt->xFreeSchema = xFree;
   }
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
   return pBt->pSchema;
@@ -37050,16 +38606,15 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePutData(BtCursor *pCsr, u32 offset, u32 amt, void *z){
   assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCsr) );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCsr->pBtree->db->mutex) );
   assert(pCsr->isIncrblobHandle);
-  if( pCsr->eState>=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK ){
-    if( pCsr->eState==CURSOR_FAULT ){
-      return pCsr->skip;
-    }else{
-      return SQLITE_ABORT;
-    }
+
+  restoreCursorPosition(pCsr);
+  assert( pCsr->eState!=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
+  if( pCsr->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ){
+    return SQLITE_ABORT;
   }
 
   /* Check some preconditions:
   **   (a) the cursor is open for writing,
   **   (b) there is no read-lock on the table being modified and
@@ -37068,11 +38623,11 @@
   if( !pCsr->wrFlag ){
     return SQLITE_READONLY;
   }
   assert( !pCsr->pBt->readOnly
           && pCsr->pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
-  if( checkReadLocks(pCsr->pBtree, pCsr->pgnoRoot, pCsr) ){
+  if( checkReadLocks(pCsr->pBtree, pCsr->pgnoRoot, pCsr, 0) ){
     return SQLITE_LOCKED; /* The table pCur points to has a read lock */
   }
   if( pCsr->eState==CURSOR_INVALID || !pCsr->pPage->intKey ){
     return SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
@@ -37112,10 +38667,12 @@
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file implements a FIFO queue of rowids used for processing
 ** UPDATE and DELETE statements.
+**
+** $Id: vdbefifo.c,v 1.7 2008/06/15 02:51:48 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** Constants FIFOSIZE_FIRST and FIFOSIZE_MAX are the initial
 ** number of entries in a fifo page and the maximum number of
@@ -37135,11 +38692,11 @@
 static FifoPage *allocateFifoPage(int nEntry){
   FifoPage *pPage;
   if( nEntry>FIFOSIZE_MAX ){
     nEntry = FIFOSIZE_MAX;
   }
-  pPage = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(FifoPage) + sizeof(i64)*(nEntry-1) );
+  pPage = sqlite3Malloc( sizeof(FifoPage) + sizeof(i64)*(nEntry-1) );
   if( pPage ){
     pPage->nSlot = nEntry;
     pPage->iWrite = 0;
     pPage->iRead = 0;
     pPage->pNext = 0;
@@ -37242,10 +38799,12 @@
 **
 ** This file contains code use to manipulate "Mem" structure.  A "Mem"
 ** stores a single value in the VDBE.  Mem is an opaque structure visible
 ** only within the VDBE.  Interface routines refer to a Mem using the
 ** name sqlite_value
+**
+** $Id: vdbemem.c,v 1.118 2008/07/09 16:51:51 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** Call sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob() on the supplied value (type Mem*)
 ** P if required.
@@ -37305,12 +38864,12 @@
     (((pMem->flags&MEM_Dyn)&&pMem->xDel) ? 1 : 0) +
     ((pMem->flags&MEM_Ephem) ? 1 : 0) +
     ((pMem->flags&MEM_Static) ? 1 : 0)
   );
 
-  if( !pMem->zMalloc || sqlite3MallocSize(pMem->zMalloc)<n ){
-    n = (n>32?n:32);
+  if( n<32 ) n = 32;
+  if( sqlite3MallocSize(pMem->zMalloc)<n ){
     if( preserve && pMem->z==pMem->zMalloc ){
       pMem->z = pMem->zMalloc = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pMem->db, pMem->z, n);
       if( !pMem->z ){
         pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
       }
@@ -37811,10 +39370,11 @@
   int n,              /* Bytes in string, or negative */
   u8 enc,             /* Encoding of z.  0 for BLOBs */
   void (*xDel)(void*) /* Destructor function */
 ){
   int nByte = n;      /* New value for pMem->n */
+  int iLimit;         /* Maximum allowed string or blob size */
   int flags = 0;      /* New value for pMem->flags */
 
   assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
 
   /* If z is a NULL pointer, set pMem to contain an SQL NULL. */
@@ -37821,19 +39381,27 @@
   if( !z ){
     sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pMem);
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
 
+  if( pMem->db ){
+    iLimit = pMem->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH];
+  }else{
+    iLimit = SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH;
+  }
   flags = (enc==0?MEM_Blob:MEM_Str);
   if( nByte<0 ){
     assert( enc!=0 );
     if( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-      for(nByte=0; z[nByte]; nByte++){}
-    }else{
-      for(nByte=0; z[nByte] | z[nByte+1]; nByte+=2){}
+      for(nByte=0; nByte<=iLimit && z[nByte]; nByte++){}
+    }else{
+      for(nByte=0; nByte<=iLimit && (z[nByte] | z[nByte+1]); nByte+=2){}
     }
     flags |= MEM_Term;
+  }
+  if( nByte>iLimit ){
+    return SQLITE_TOOBIG;
   }
 
   /* The following block sets the new values of Mem.z and Mem.xDel. It
   ** also sets a flag in local variable "flags" to indicate the memory
   ** management (one of MEM_Dyn or MEM_Static).
@@ -38118,11 +39686,11 @@
   assert( (MEM_Blob>>3) == MEM_Str );
   pVal->flags |= (pVal->flags & MEM_Blob)>>3;
   expandBlob(pVal);
   if( pVal->flags&MEM_Str ){
     sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pVal, enc & ~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED);
-    if( (enc & SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED)!=0 && 1==(1&(int)pVal->z) ){
+    if( (enc & SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED)!=0 && 1==(1&SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pVal->z)) ){
       assert( (pVal->flags & (MEM_Ephem|MEM_Static))!=0 );
       if( sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(pVal)!=SQLITE_OK ){
         return 0;
       }
     }
@@ -38278,11 +39846,11 @@
 ** This file contains code used for creating, destroying, and populating
 ** a VDBE (or an "sqlite3_stmt" as it is known to the outside world.)  Prior
 ** to version 2.8.7, all this code was combined into the vdbe.c source file.
 ** But that file was getting too big so this subroutines were split out.
 **
-** $Id: vdbeaux.c,v 1.383 2008/05/13 13:27:34 drh Exp $
+** $Id: vdbeaux.c,v 1.397 2008/07/11 21:02:54 drh Exp $
 */
 
 
 
 /*
@@ -38531,18 +40099,16 @@
   int doesStatementRollback = 0;
   int hasStatementBegin = 0;
   for(pOp=p->aOp, i=p->nOp-1; i>=0; i--, pOp++){
     u8 opcode = pOp->opcode;
 
-    if( opcode==OP_Function ){
+    if( opcode==OP_Function || opcode==OP_AggStep ){
       if( pOp->p5>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = pOp->p5;
-    }else if( opcode==OP_AggStep
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-        || opcode==OP_VUpdate
-#endif
-    ){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+    }else if( opcode==OP_VUpdate ){
       if( pOp->p2>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = pOp->p2;
+#endif
     }
     if( opcode==OP_Halt ){
       if( pOp->p1==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT && pOp->p2==OE_Abort ){
         doesStatementRollback = 1;
       }
@@ -38704,35 +40270,36 @@
 }
 
 /*
 ** Delete a P4 value if necessary.
 */
-static void freeP4(int p4type, void *p3){
-  if( p3 ){
+static void freeP4(int p4type, void *p4){
+  if( p4 ){
     switch( p4type ){
       case P4_REAL:
       case P4_INT64:
       case P4_MPRINTF:
       case P4_DYNAMIC:
       case P4_KEYINFO:
+      case P4_INTARRAY:
       case P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF: {
-        sqlite3_free(p3);
+        sqlite3_free(p4);
         break;
       }
       case P4_VDBEFUNC: {
-        VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc = (VdbeFunc *)p3;
+        VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc = (VdbeFunc *)p4;
         freeEphemeralFunction(pVdbeFunc->pFunc);
         sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(pVdbeFunc, 0);
         sqlite3_free(pVdbeFunc);
         break;
       }
       case P4_FUNCDEF: {
-        freeEphemeralFunction((FuncDef*)p3);
+        freeEphemeralFunction((FuncDef*)p4);
         break;
       }
       case P4_MEM: {
-        sqlite3ValueFree((sqlite3_value*)p3);
+        sqlite3ValueFree((sqlite3_value*)p4);
         break;
       }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -38797,11 +40364,11 @@
   freeP4(pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
   pOp->p4.p = 0;
   if( n==P4_INT32 ){
     /* Note: this cast is safe, because the origin data point was an int
     ** that was cast to a (const char *). */
-    pOp->p4.i = (int)zP4;
+    pOp->p4.i = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(zP4);
     pOp->p4type = n;
   }else if( zP4==0 ){
     pOp->p4.p = 0;
     pOp->p4type = P4_NOTUSED;
   }else if( n==P4_KEYINFO ){
@@ -38808,26 +40375,20 @@
     KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
     int nField, nByte;
 
     nField = ((KeyInfo*)zP4)->nField;
     nByte = sizeof(*pKeyInfo) + (nField-1)*sizeof(pKeyInfo->aColl[0]) + nField;
-    pKeyInfo = sqlite3_malloc( nByte );
+    pKeyInfo = sqlite3Malloc( nByte );
     pOp->p4.pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
     if( pKeyInfo ){
-      memcpy(pKeyInfo, zP4, nByte);
-      /* In the current implementation, P4_KEYINFO is only ever used on
-      ** KeyInfo structures that have no aSortOrder component.  Elements
-      ** with an aSortOrder always use P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF.  So we do not
-      ** need to bother with duplicating the aSortOrder. */
-      assert( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder==0 );
-#if 0
+      u8 *aSortOrder;
+      memcpy(pKeyInfo, zP4, nByte);
       aSortOrder = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder;
       if( aSortOrder ){
         pKeyInfo->aSortOrder = (unsigned char*)&pKeyInfo->aColl[nField];
         memcpy(pKeyInfo->aSortOrder, aSortOrder, nField);
       }
-#endif
       pOp->p4type = P4_KEYINFO;
     }else{
       p->db->mallocFailed = 1;
       pOp->p4type = P4_NOTUSED;
     }
@@ -38844,11 +40405,14 @@
   }
 }
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 /*
-** Change the comment on the the most recently coded instruction.
+** Change the comment on the the most recently coded instruction.  Or
+** insert a No-op and add the comment to that new instruction.  This
+** makes the code easier to read during debugging.  None of this happens
+** in a production build.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeComment(Vdbe *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
   va_list ap;
   assert( p->nOp>0 || p->aOp==0 );
   assert( p->aOp==0 || p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment==0 || p->db->mallocFailed );
@@ -38858,11 +40422,24 @@
     sqlite3_free(*pz);
     *pz = sqlite3VMPrintf(p->db, zFormat, ap);
     va_end(ap);
   }
 }
-#endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeNoopComment(Vdbe *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(p, OP_Noop);
+  assert( p->nOp>0 || p->aOp==0 );
+  assert( p->aOp==0 || p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment==0 || p->db->mallocFailed );
+  if( p->nOp ){
+    char **pz = &p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment;
+    va_start(ap, zFormat);
+    sqlite3_free(*pz);
+    *pz = sqlite3VMPrintf(p->db, zFormat, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+  }
+}
+#endif  /* NDEBUG */
 
 /*
 ** Return the opcode for a given address.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeGetOp(Vdbe *p, int addr){
@@ -38879,10 +40456,11 @@
 */
 static char *displayP4(Op *pOp, char *zTemp, int nTemp){
   char *zP4 = zTemp;
   assert( nTemp>=20 );
   switch( pOp->p4type ){
+    case P4_KEYINFO_STATIC:
     case P4_KEYINFO: {
       int i, j;
       KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
       sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "keyinfo(%d", pKeyInfo->nField);
       i = strlen(zTemp);
@@ -38949,10 +40527,14 @@
       sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab;
       sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "vtab:%p:%p", pVtab, pVtab->pModule);
       break;
     }
 #endif
+    case P4_INTARRAY: {
+      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "intarray");
+      break;
+    }
     default: {
       zP4 = pOp->p4.z;
       if( zP4==0 ){
         zP4 = zTemp;
         zTemp[0] = 0;
@@ -39079,11 +40661,11 @@
     p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
     rc = SQLITE_DONE;
   }else if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
     p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, sqlite3ErrStr(p->rc), (char*)0);
+    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(p->rc));
   }else{
     char *z;
     Op *pOp = &p->aOp[i];
     if( p->explain==1 ){
       pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
@@ -39304,11 +40886,10 @@
 #endif
 
   p->pc = -1;
   p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
   p->uniqueCnt = 0;
-  p->returnDepth = 0;
   p->errorAction = OE_Abort;
   p->explain |= isExplain;
   p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_RUN;
   p->nChange = 0;
   p->cacheCtr = 1;
@@ -39331,15 +40912,16 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(Vdbe *p, Cursor *pCx){
   if( pCx==0 ){
     return;
   }
-  if( pCx->pCursor ){
-    sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(pCx->pCursor);
-  }
   if( pCx->pBt ){
     sqlite3BtreeClose(pCx->pBt);
+    /* The pCx->pCursor will be close automatically, if it exists, by
+    ** the call above. */
+  }else if( pCx->pCursor ){
+    sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(pCx->pCursor);
   }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
   if( pCx->pVtabCursor ){
     sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor = pCx->pVtabCursor;
     const sqlite3_module *pModule = pCx->pModule;
@@ -39507,13 +41089,13 @@
   /* The simple case - no more than one database file (not counting the
   ** TEMP database) has a transaction active.   There is no need for the
   ** master-journal.
   **
   ** If the return value of sqlite3BtreeGetFilename() is a zero length
-  ** string, it means the main database is :memory:.  In that case we do
-  ** not support atomic multi-file commits, so use the simple case then
-  ** too.
+  ** string, it means the main database is :memory: or a temp file.  In
+  ** that case we do not support atomic multi-file commits, so use the
+  ** simple case then too.
   */
   if( 0==strlen(sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(db->aDb[0].pBt)) || nTrans<=1 ){
     for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){
       Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
       if( pBt ){
@@ -39547,10 +41129,11 @@
     int needSync = 0;
     char *zMaster = 0;   /* File-name for the master journal */
     char const *zMainFile = sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(db->aDb[0].pBt);
     sqlite3_file *pMaster = 0;
     i64 offset = 0;
+    int res;
 
     /* Select a master journal file name */
     do {
       u32 random;
       sqlite3_free(zMaster);
@@ -39557,15 +41140,13 @@
       sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(random), &random);
       zMaster = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s-mj%08X", zMainFile, random&0x7fffffff);
       if( !zMaster ){
         return SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }
-      rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zMaster, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS);
-    }while( rc==1 );
-    if( rc!=0 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
-    }else{
+      rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zMaster, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &res);
+    }while( rc==SQLITE_OK && res );
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       /* Open the master journal. */
       rc = sqlite3OsOpenMalloc(pVfs, zMaster, &pMaster,
           SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|
           SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE|SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL, 0
       );
@@ -39653,18 +41234,18 @@
     ** this is happening we don't really care. The integrity of the
     ** transaction is already guaranteed, but some stray 'cold' journals
     ** may be lying around. Returning an error code won't help matters.
     */
     disable_simulated_io_errors();
-    sqlite3FaultBeginBenign(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC);
+    sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
     for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
       Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
       if( pBt ){
         sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(pBt);
       }
     }
-    sqlite3FaultEndBenign(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC);
+    sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
     enable_simulated_io_errors();
 
     sqlite3VtabCommit(db);
   }
 #endif
@@ -39881,11 +41462,12 @@
       Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
       if( pBt ){
         rc = xFunc(pBt);
         if( rc && (p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT) ){
           p->rc = rc;
-          sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, 0);
+          sqlite3_free(p->zErrMsg);
+          p->zErrMsg = 0;
         }
       }
     }
 
     /* If this was an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE and the statement was committed,
@@ -40111,10 +41693,18 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
     sqlite3_search_count++;
 #endif
     p->deferredMoveto = 0;
     p->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
+  }else if( p->pCursor ){
+    int hasMoved;
+    int rc = sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(p->pCursor, &hasMoved);
+    if( rc ) return rc;
+    if( hasMoved ){
+      p->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
+      p->nullRow = 1;
+    }
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -40747,10 +42337,12 @@
 **
 *************************************************************************
 **
 ** This file contains code use to implement APIs that are part of the
 ** VDBE.
+**
+** $Id: vdbeapi.c,v 1.134 2008/06/19 02:52:25 drh Exp $
 */
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
 /*
 ** The following structure contains pointers to the end points of a
@@ -40799,14 +42391,14 @@
 ** Add vdbe p to the end of the statement lru list. It is assumed that
 ** p is not already part of the list when this is called. The lru list
 ** is protected by the SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU mutex.
 */
 static void stmtLruAdd(Vdbe *p){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
 
   if( p->pLruPrev || p->pLruNext || sqlite3LruStatements.pFirst==p ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
     return;
   }
 
   assert( stmtLruCheck() );
 
@@ -40821,11 +42413,11 @@
     sqlite3LruStatements.pLast = p;
   }
 
   assert( stmtLruCheck() );
 
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
 }
 
 /*
 ** Assuming the SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2 mutext is already held, remove
 ** statement p from the least-recently-used statement list. If the
@@ -40854,13 +42446,13 @@
 ** Assuming the SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2 mutext is not held, remove
 ** statement p from the least-recently-used statement list. If the
 ** statement is not currently part of the list, this call is a no-op.
 */
 static void stmtLruRemove(Vdbe *p){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
   stmtLruRemoveNomutex(p);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
 }
 
 /*
 ** Try to release n bytes of memory by freeing buffers associated
 ** with the memory registers of currently unused vdbes.
@@ -40868,11 +42460,11 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeReleaseMemory(int n){
   Vdbe *p;
   Vdbe *pNext;
   int nFree = 0;
 
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
   for(p=sqlite3LruStatements.pFirst; p && nFree<n; p=pNext){
     pNext = p->pLruNext;
 
     /* For each statement handle in the lru list, attempt to obtain the
     ** associated database mutex. If it cannot be obtained, continue
@@ -40883,11 +42475,11 @@
       nFree += sqlite3VdbeReleaseBuffers(p);
       stmtLruRemoveNomutex(p);
       sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
     }
   }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2));
 
   return nFree;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -41862,10 +43454,13 @@
   Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->db->mutex);
   rc = vdbeUnbind(p, i);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(&p->aVar[i-1], pValue);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(&p->aVar[i-1], ENC(p->db));
+    }
   }
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(p->db, rc);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
   return rc;
 }
@@ -41985,10 +43580,28 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
   return pStmt ? ((Vdbe*)pStmt)->db : 0;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return a pointer to the next prepared statement after pStmt associated
+** with database connection pDb.  If pStmt is NULL, return the first
+** prepared statement for the database connection.  Return NULL if there
+** are no more.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pNext;
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pDb->mutex);
+  if( pStmt==0 ){
+    pNext = (sqlite3_stmt*)pDb->pVdbe;
+  }else{
+    pNext = (sqlite3_stmt*)((Vdbe*)pStmt)->pNext;
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pDb->mutex);
+  return pNext;
+}
+
 /************** End of vdbeapi.c *********************************************/
 /************** Begin file vdbe.c ********************************************/
 /*
 ** 2001 September 15
 **
@@ -42018,11 +43631,11 @@
 ** Few opcodes use all 5 operands.
 **
 ** Computation results are stored on a set of registers numbered beginning
 ** with 1 and going up to Vdbe.nMem.  Each register can store
 ** either an integer, a null-terminated string, a floating point
-** number, or the SQL "NULL" value.  An inplicit conversion from one
+** number, or the SQL "NULL" value.  An implicit conversion from one
 ** type to the other occurs as necessary.
 **
 ** Most of the code in this file is taken up by the sqlite3VdbeExec()
 ** function which does the work of interpreting a VDBE program.
 ** But other routines are also provided to help in building up
@@ -42032,11 +43645,11 @@
 ** documentation, headers files, or other derived files.  The formatting
 ** of the code in this file is, therefore, important.  See other comments
 ** in this file for details.  If in doubt, do not deviate from existing
 ** commenting and indentation practices when changing or adding code.
 **
-** $Id: vdbe.c,v 1.740 2008/05/13 13:27:34 drh Exp $
+** $Id: vdbe.c,v 1.761 2008/07/11 21:02:54 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** The following global variable is incremented every time a cursor
 ** moves, either by the OP_MoveXX, OP_Next, or OP_Prev opcodes.  The test
@@ -42061,11 +43674,11 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** The next global variable is incremented each type the OP_Sort opcode
 ** is executed.  The test procedures use this information to make sure that
-** sorting is occurring or not occuring at appropriate times.   This variable
+** sorting is occurring or not occurring at appropriate times.   This variable
 ** has no function other than to help verify the correct operation of the
 ** library.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sort_count = 0;
@@ -42131,11 +43744,11 @@
 ** P if required.
 */
 #define ExpandBlob(P) (((P)->flags&MEM_Zero)?sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(P):0)
 
 /*
-** Argument pMem points at a regiser that will be passed to a
+** Argument pMem points at a register that will be passed to a
 ** user-defined function or returned to the user as the result of a query.
 ** The second argument, 'db_enc' is the text encoding used by the vdbe for
 ** register variables.  This routine sets the pMem->enc and pMem->type
 ** variables used by the sqlite3_value_*() routines.
 */
@@ -42444,29 +44057,100 @@
   fprintf(out, "\n");
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-#  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M) if(p->trace&&R>0)registerTrace(p->trace,R,M)
+#  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M) if(p->trace)registerTrace(p->trace,R,M)
 #else
 #  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M)
 #endif
 
 
 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-/*
-** The following routine only works on pentium-class processors.
+
+/*
+** hwtime.h contains inline assembler code for implementing
+** high-performance timing routines.
+*/
+/************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of vdbe.c *********************/
+/************** Begin file hwtime.h ******************************************/
+/*
+** 2008 May 27
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
+** counters for x86 class CPUs.
+**
+** $Id: hwtime.h,v 1.2 2008/06/12 02:24:39 shane Exp $
+*/
+#ifndef _HWTIME_H_
+#define _HWTIME_H_
+
+/*
+** The following routine only works on pentium-class (or newer) processors.
 ** It uses the RDTSC opcode to read the cycle count value out of the
 ** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
 ** profiling.
 */
-__inline__ unsigned long long int hwtime(void){
-   unsigned int lo, hi;
-   /* We cannot use "=A", since this would use %rax on x86_64 */
-   __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
-   return (unsigned long long int)hi << 32 | lo;
-}
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
+      (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
+
+  #if defined(__GNUC__)
+
+  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
+     unsigned int lo, hi;
+     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
+     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
+  }
+
+  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+  __declspec(naked) __inline sqlite_uint64 __cdecl sqlite3Hwtime(void){
+     __asm {
+        rdtsc
+        ret       ; return value at EDX:EAX
+     }
+  }
+
+  #endif
+
+#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
+
+  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
+      unsigned long val;
+      __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
+      return val;
+  }
+
+#else
+
+  #error Need implementation of sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform.
+
+  /*
+  ** To compile without implementing sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform,
+  ** you can remove the above #error and use the following
+  ** stub function.  You will lose timing support for many
+  ** of the debugging and testing utilities, but it should at
+  ** least compile and run.
+  */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
+
+#endif
+
+#endif /* !defined(_HWTIME_H_) */
+
+/************** End of hwtime.h **********************************************/
+/************** Continuing where we left off in vdbe.c ***********************/
+
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** The CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT macro defined here looks to see if the
 ** sqlite3_interrupt() routine has been called.  If it has been, then
@@ -42478,10 +44162,26 @@
 ** flag on jump instructions, we get a (small) speed improvement.
 */
 #define CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT \
    if( db->u1.isInterrupted ) goto abort_due_to_interrupt;
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+static int fileExists(sqlite3 *db, const char *zFile){
+  int res = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+  /* If we are currently testing IO errors, then do not call OsAccess() to
+  ** test for the presence of zFile. This is because any IO error that
+  ** occurs here will not be reported, causing the test to fail.
+  */
+  extern int sqlite3_io_error_pending;
+  if( sqlite3_io_error_pending<=0 )
+#endif
+    rc = sqlite3OsAccess(db->pVfs, zFile, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &res);
+  return (res && rc==SQLITE_OK);
+}
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** Execute as much of a VDBE program as we can then return.
 **
 ** sqlite3VdbeMakeReady() must be called before this routine in order to
@@ -42521,12 +44221,14 @@
   sqlite3 *db = p->db;       /* The database */
   u8 encoding = ENC(db);     /* The database encoding */
   Mem *pIn1, *pIn2, *pIn3;   /* Input operands */
   Mem *pOut;                 /* Output operand */
   u8 opProperty;
+  int iCompare = 0;          /* Result of last OP_Compare operation */
+  int *aPermute = 0;         /* Permuation of columns for OP_Compare */
 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-  unsigned long long start;  /* CPU clock count at start of opcode */
+  u64 start;                 /* CPU clock count at start of opcode */
   int origPc;                /* Program counter at start of opcode */
 #endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
   int nProgressOps = 0;      /* Opcodes executed since progress callback. */
 #endif
@@ -42545,32 +44247,32 @@
   p->pResultSet = 0;
   db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
   CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
   sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(p);
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  sqlite3FaultBeginBenign(-1);
-  if( p->pc==0 && ((p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeListing)!=0
-    || sqlite3OsAccess(db->pVfs, "vdbe_explain", SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS)==1 )
+  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
+  if( p->pc==0
+   && ((p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeListing) || fileExists(db, "vdbe_explain"))
   ){
     int i;
     printf("VDBE Program Listing:\n");
     sqlite3VdbePrintSql(p);
     for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
       sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, i, &p->aOp[i]);
     }
   }
-  if( sqlite3OsAccess(db->pVfs, "vdbe_trace", SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS)==1 ){
+  if( fileExists(db, "vdbe_trace") ){
     p->trace = stdout;
   }
-  sqlite3FaultEndBenign(-1);
+  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
 #endif
   for(pc=p->pc; rc==SQLITE_OK; pc++){
     assert( pc>=0 && pc<p->nOp );
     if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
     origPc = pc;
-    start = hwtime();
+    start = sqlite3Hwtime();
 #endif
     pOp = &p->aOp[pc];
 
     /* Only allow tracing if SQLITE_DEBUG is defined.
     */
@@ -42581,15 +44283,15 @@
         sqlite3VdbePrintSql(p);
       }
       sqlite3VdbePrintOp(p->trace, pc, pOp);
     }
     if( p->trace==0 && pc==0 ){
-      sqlite3FaultBeginBenign(-1);
-      if( sqlite3OsAccess(db->pVfs, "vdbe_sqltrace", SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS)==1 ){
+      sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
+      if( fileExists(db, "vdbe_sqltrace") ){
         sqlite3VdbePrintSql(p);
       }
-      sqlite3FaultEndBenign(-1);
+      sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
     }
 #endif
 
 
     /* Check to see if we need to simulate an interrupt.  This only happens
@@ -42733,39 +44435,55 @@
   CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
   pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode:  Gosub * P2 * * *
-**
-** Push the current address plus 1 onto the return address stack
-** and then jump to address P2.
-**
-** The return address stack is of limited depth.  If too many
-** OP_Gosub operations occur without intervening OP_Returns, then
-** the return address stack will fill up and processing will abort
-** with a fatal error.
+/* Opcode:  Gosub P1 P2 * * *
+**
+** Write the current address onto register P1
+** and then jump to address P2.
 */
 case OP_Gosub: {            /* jump */
-  assert( p->returnDepth<sizeof(p->returnStack)/sizeof(p->returnStack[0]) );
-  p->returnStack[p->returnDepth++] = pc+1;
+  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
+  assert( pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
+  pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
+  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
+  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
+  pIn1->u.i = pc;
+  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
   pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode:  Return * * * * *
-**
-** Jump immediately to the next instruction after the last unreturned
-** OP_Gosub.  If an OP_Return has occurred for all OP_Gosubs, then
-** processing aborts with a fatal error.
-*/
-case OP_Return: {
-  assert( p->returnDepth>0 );
-  p->returnDepth--;
-  pc = p->returnStack[p->returnDepth] - 1;
-  break;
-}
+/* Opcode:  Return P1 * * * *
+**
+** Jump to the next instruction after the address in register P1.
+*/
+case OP_Return: {           /* in1 */
+  assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
+  pc = pIn1->u.i;
+  break;
+}
+
+/* Opcode:  Yield P1 * * * *
+**
+** Swap the program counter with the value in register P1.
+*/
+case OP_Yield: {
+  int pcDest;
+  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
+  assert( pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
+  pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
+  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
+  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
+  pcDest = pIn1->u.i;
+  pIn1->u.i = pc;
+  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
+  pc = pcDest;
+  break;
+}
+
 
 /* Opcode:  Halt P1 P2 * P4 *
 **
 ** Exit immediately.  All open cursors, Fifos, etc are closed
 ** automatically.
@@ -42787,11 +44505,11 @@
 case OP_Halt: {
   p->rc = pOp->p1;
   p->pc = pc;
   p->errorAction = pOp->p2;
   if( pOp->p4.z ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, pOp->p4.z, (char*)0);
+    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", pOp->p4.z);
   }
   rc = sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
   assert( rc==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_OK );
   if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
     p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
@@ -42916,11 +44634,11 @@
 
 /* Opcode: Variable P1 P2 * * *
 **
 ** The value of variable P1 is written into register P2. A variable is
 ** an unknown in the original SQL string as handed to sqlite3_compile().
-** Any occurance of the '?' character in the original SQL is considered
+** Any occurrence of the '?' character in the original SQL is considered
 ** a variable.  Variables in the SQL string are number from left to
 ** right beginning with 1.  The values of variables are set using the
 ** sqlite3_bind() API.
 */
 case OP_Variable: {           /* out2-prerelease */
@@ -42935,31 +44653,39 @@
   sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, &p->aVar[j], MEM_Static);
   UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: Move P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Move the value in register P1 over into register P2.  Register P1
-** is left holding a NULL.  It is an error for P1 and P2 to be the
-** same register.
+/* Opcode: Move P1 P2 P3 * *
+**
+** Move the values in register P1..P1+P3-1 over into
+** registers P2..P2+P3-1.  Registers P1..P1+P1-1 are
+** left holding a NULL.  It is an error for register ranges
+** P1..P1+P3-1 and P2..P2+P3-1 to overlap.
 */
 case OP_Move: {
   char *zMalloc;
-  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
-  assert( pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
-  pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
-  assert( pOp->p2>0 );
-  assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
-  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
-  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
-  zMalloc = pOut->zMalloc;
-  pOut->zMalloc = 0;
-  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, pIn1);
-  pIn1->zMalloc = zMalloc;
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
+  int n = pOp->p3;
+  int p1 = pOp->p1;
+  int p2 = pOp->p2;
+  assert( n>0 );
+  assert( p1>0 );
+  assert( p1+n<p->nMem );
+  pIn1 = &p->aMem[p1];
+  assert( p2>0 );
+  assert( p2+n<p->nMem );
+  pOut = &p->aMem[p2];
+  assert( p1+n<=p2 || p2+n<=p1 );
+  while( n-- ){
+    zMalloc = pOut->zMalloc;
+    pOut->zMalloc = 0;
+    sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, pIn1);
+    pIn1->zMalloc = zMalloc;
+    REGISTER_TRACE(p2++, pOut);
+    pIn1++;
+    pOut++;
+  }
   break;
 }
 
 /* Opcode: Copy P1 P2 * * *
 **
@@ -42970,11 +44696,10 @@
 */
 case OP_Copy: {
   assert( pOp->p1>0 );
   assert( pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
   pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
   assert( pOp->p2>0 );
   assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
   pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
   assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
   sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
@@ -43009,11 +44734,11 @@
   break;
 }
 
 /* Opcode: ResultRow P1 P2 * * *
 **
-** The registers P1 throught P1+P2-1 contain a single row of
+** The registers P1 through P1+P2-1 contain a single row of
 ** results. This opcode causes the sqlite3_step() call to terminate
 ** with an SQLITE_ROW return code and it sets up the sqlite3_stmt
 ** structure to provide access to the top P1 values as the result
 ** row.
 */
@@ -43026,17 +44751,18 @@
 
   /* Invalidate all ephemeral cursor row caches */
   p->cacheCtr = (p->cacheCtr + 2)|1;
 
   /* Make sure the results of the current row are \000 terminated
-  ** and have an assigned type.  The results are deephemeralized as
+  ** and have an assigned type.  The results are de-ephemeralized as
   ** as side effect.
   */
   pMem = p->pResultSet = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
   for(i=0; i<pOp->p2; i++){
     sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(&pMem[i]);
     storeTypeInfo(&pMem[i], encoding);
+    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1+i, &pMem[i]);
   }
   if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
 
   /* Return SQLITE_ROW
   */
@@ -43092,17 +44818,17 @@
 }
 
 /* Opcode: Add P1 P2 P3 * *
 **
 ** Add the value in register P1 to the value in register P2
-** and store the result in regiser P3.
+** and store the result in register P3.
 ** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
 */
 /* Opcode: Multiply P1 P2 P3 * *
 **
 **
-** Multiply the value in regiser P1 by the value in regiser P2
+** Multiply the value in register P1 by the value in register P2
 ** and store the result in register P3.
 ** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
 */
 /* Opcode: Subtract P1 P2 P3 * *
 **
@@ -43144,12 +44870,12 @@
         if( a==0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
         /* Dividing the largest possible negative 64-bit integer (1<<63) by
         ** -1 returns an integer too large to store in a 64-bit data-type. On
         ** some architectures, the value overflows to (1<<63). On others,
         ** a SIGFPE is issued. The following statement normalizes this
-        ** behaviour so that all architectures behave as if integer
-        ** overflow occured.
+        ** behavior so that all architectures behave as if integer
+        ** overflow occurred.
         */
         if( a==-1 && b==SMALLEST_INT64 ) a = 1;
         b /= a;
         break;
       }
@@ -43299,11 +45025,11 @@
     */
     sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&ctx.s);
     goto no_mem;
   }
 
-  /* If any auxilary data functions have been called by this user function,
+  /* If any auxiliary data functions have been called by this user function,
   ** immediately call the destructor for any non-static values.
   */
   if( ctx.pVdbeFunc ){
     sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(ctx.pVdbeFunc, pOp->p1);
     pOp->p4.pVdbeFunc = ctx.pVdbeFunc;
@@ -43310,11 +45036,11 @@
     pOp->p4type = P4_VDBEFUNC;
   }
 
   /* If the function returned an error, throw an exception */
   if( ctx.isError ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, sqlite3_value_text(&ctx.s), (char*)0);
+    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(&ctx.s));
     rc = ctx.isError;
   }
 
   /* Copy the result of the function into register P3 */
   sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(&ctx.s, encoding);
@@ -43377,11 +45103,11 @@
   break;
 }
 
 /* Opcode: AddImm  P1 P2 * * *
 **
-** Add the constant P2 the value in register P1.
+** Add the constant P2 to the value in register P1.
 ** The result is always an integer.
 **
 ** To force any register to be an integer, just add 0.
 */
 case OP_AddImm: {            /* in1 */
@@ -43559,14 +45285,10 @@
 **
 ** If the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL bit of P5 is set and either reg(P1) or
 ** reg(P3) is NULL then take the jump.  If the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL
 ** bit is clear then fall thru if either operand is NULL.
 **
-** If the SQLITE_NULLEQUAL bit of P5 is set then treat NULL operands
-** as being equal to one another.  Normally NULLs are not equal to
-** anything including other NULLs.
-**
 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK portion of P5 must be an affinity character -
 ** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER, and so forth. An attempt is made
 ** to coerce both inputs according to this affinity before the
 ** comparison is made. If the SQLITE_AFF_MASK is 0x00, then numeric
 ** affinity is used. Note that the affinity conversions are stored
@@ -43623,45 +45345,25 @@
 case OP_Gt:               /* same as TK_GT, jump, in1, in3 */
 case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
   int flags;
   int res;
   char affinity;
-  Mem x1, x3;
 
   flags = pIn1->flags|pIn3->flags;
 
   if( flags&MEM_Null ){
-    if( (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQUAL)!=0 ){
-      /*
-      ** When SQLITE_NULLEQUAL set and either operand is NULL
-      ** then both operands are converted to integers prior to being
-      ** passed down into the normal comparison logic below.
-      ** NULL operands are converted to zero and non-NULL operands
-      ** are converted to 1.  Thus, for example, with SQLITE_NULLEQUAL
-      ** set,  NULL==NULL is true whereas it would normally NULL.
-      ** Similarly,  NULL!=123 is true.
-      */
-      x1.flags = MEM_Int;
-      x1.u.i = (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0;
-      pIn1 = &x1;
-      x3.flags = MEM_Int;
-      x3.u.i = (pIn3->flags & MEM_Null)==0;
-      pIn3 = &x3;
-    }else{
-      /* If the SQLITE_NULLEQUAL bit is clear and either operand is NULL then
-      ** the result is always NULL.  The jump is taken if the
-      ** SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL bit is set.
-      */
-      if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
-        pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
-        MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
-        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
-      }else if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL ){
-        pc = pOp->p2-1;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
+    /* If either operand is NULL then the result is always NULL.
+    ** The jump is taken if the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL bit is set.
+    */
+    if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
+      pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
+      MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
+      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
+    }else if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL ){
+      pc = pOp->p2-1;
+    }
+    break;
   }
 
   affinity = pOp->p5 & SQLITE_AFF_MASK;
   if( affinity ){
     applyAffinity(pIn1, affinity, encoding);
@@ -43686,10 +45388,86 @@
     MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
     pOut->u.i = res;
     REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
   }else if( res ){
     pc = pOp->p2-1;
+  }
+  break;
+}
+
+/* Opcode: Permutation * * * P4 *
+**
+** Set the permuation used by the OP_Compare operator to be the array
+** of integers in P4.
+**
+** The permutation is only valid until the next OP_Permutation, OP_Compare,
+** OP_Halt, or OP_ResultRow.  Typically the OP_Permutation should occur
+** immediately prior to the OP_Compare.
+*/
+case OP_Permutation: {
+  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INTARRAY );
+  assert( pOp->p4.ai );
+  aPermute = pOp->p4.ai;
+  break;
+}
+
+/* Opcode: Compare P1 P2 P3 P4 *
+**
+** Compare to vectors of registers in reg(P1)..reg(P1+P3-1) (all this
+** one "A") and in reg(P2)..reg(P2+P3-1) ("B").  Save the result of
+** the comparison for use by the next OP_Jump instruct.
+**
+** P4 is a KeyInfo structure that defines collating sequences and sort
+** orders for the comparison.  The permutation applies to registers
+** only.  The KeyInfo elements are used sequentially.
+**
+** The comparison is a sort comparison, so NULLs compare equal,
+** NULLs are less than numbers, numbers are less than strings,
+** and strings are less than blobs.
+*/
+case OP_Compare: {
+  int n = pOp->p3;
+  int i, p1, p2;
+  const KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
+  assert( n>0 );
+  assert( pKeyInfo!=0 );
+  p1 = pOp->p1;
+  assert( p1>0 && p1+n-1<p->nMem );
+  p2 = pOp->p2;
+  assert( p2>0 && p2+n-1<p->nMem );
+  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+    int idx = aPermute ? aPermute[i] : i;
+    CollSeq *pColl;    /* Collating sequence to use on this term */
+    int bRev;          /* True for DESCENDING sort order */
+    REGISTER_TRACE(p1+idx, &p->aMem[p1+idx]);
+    REGISTER_TRACE(p2+idx, &p->aMem[p2+idx]);
+    assert( i<pKeyInfo->nField );
+    pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[i];
+    bRev = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i];
+    iCompare = sqlite3MemCompare(&p->aMem[p1+idx], &p->aMem[p2+idx], pColl);
+    if( iCompare ){
+      if( bRev ) iCompare = -iCompare;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  aPermute = 0;
+  break;
+}
+
+/* Opcode: Jump P1 P2 P3 * *
+**
+** Jump to the instruction at address P1, P2, or P3 depending on whether
+** in the most recent OP_Compare instruction the P1 vector was less than
+** equal to, or greater than the P2 vector, respectively.
+*/
+case OP_Jump: {             /* jump */
+  if( iCompare<0 ){
+    pc = pOp->p1 - 1;
+  }else if( iCompare==0 ){
+    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
+  }else{
+    pc = pOp->p3 - 1;
   }
   break;
 }
 
 /* Opcode: And P1 P2 P3 * *
@@ -44130,11 +45908,11 @@
 
 /* Opcode: MakeRecord P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 **
 ** Convert P2 registers beginning with P1 into a single entry
 ** suitable for use as a data record in a database table or as a key
-** in an index.  The details of the format are irrelavant as long as
+** in an index.  The details of the format are irrelevant as long as
 ** the OP_Column opcode can decode the record later.
 ** Refer to source code comments for the details of the record
 ** format.
 **
 ** P4 may be a string that is P2 characters long.  The nth character of the
@@ -44315,12 +46093,13 @@
   if( db->activeVdbeCnt>1 && i && !db->autoCommit ){
     /* If this instruction implements a COMMIT or ROLLBACK, other VMs are
     ** still running, and a transaction is active, return an error indicating
     ** that the other VMs must complete first.
     */
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, "cannot ", rollback?"rollback":"commit",
-        " transaction - SQL statements in progress", (char*)0);
+    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "cannot %s transaction - "
+        "SQL statements in progress",
+        rollback ? "rollback" : "commit");
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
   }else if( i!=db->autoCommit ){
     if( pOp->p2 ){
       assert( i==1 );
       sqlite3RollbackAll(db);
@@ -44339,14 +46118,14 @@
     }else{
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
     goto vdbe_return;
   }else{
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg,
+    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db,
         (!i)?"cannot start a transaction within a transaction":(
         (rollback)?"cannot rollback - no transaction is active":
-                   "cannot commit - no transaction is active"), (char*)0);
+                   "cannot commit - no transaction is active"));
 
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
   break;
 }
@@ -44507,11 +46286,11 @@
     p->zErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, "database schema has changed");
     /* If the schema-cookie from the database file matches the cookie
     ** stored with the in-memory representation of the schema, do
     ** not reload the schema from the database file.
     **
-    ** If virtual-tables are in use, this is not just an optimisation.
+    ** If virtual-tables are in use, this is not just an optimization.
     ** Often, v-tables store their data in other SQLite tables, which
     ** are queried from within xNext() and other v-table methods using
     ** prepared queries. If such a query is out-of-date, we do not want to
     ** discard the database schema, as the user code implementing the
     ** v-table would have to be ready for the sqlite3_vtab structure itself
@@ -44623,11 +46402,11 @@
       goto vdbe_return;
     }
     case SQLITE_OK: {
       int flags = sqlite3BtreeFlags(pCur->pCursor);
       /* Sanity checking.  Only the lower four bits of the flags byte should
-      ** be used.  Bit 3 (mask 0x08) is unpreditable.  The lower 3 bits
+      ** be used.  Bit 3 (mask 0x08) is unpredictable.  The lower 3 bits
       ** (mask 0x07) should be either 5 (intkey+leafdata for tables) or
       ** 2 (zerodata for indices).  If these conditions are not met it can
       ** only mean that we are dealing with a corrupt database file
       */
       if( (flags & 0xf0)!=0 || ((flags & 0x07)!=5 && (flags & 0x07)!=2) ){
@@ -44909,10 +46688,16 @@
     }
     assert( pOp->p2>0 );
     if( res ){
       pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
     }
+  }else if( !pC->pseudoTable ){
+    /* This happens when attempting to open the sqlite3_master table
+    ** for read access returns SQLITE_EMPTY. In this case always
+    ** take the jump (since there are no records in the table).
+    */
+    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
   }
   break;
 }
 
 /* Opcode: Found P1 P2 P3 * *
@@ -44928,11 +46713,11 @@
 ** may be a temporary index that holds the results of the SELECT
 ** statement.   This instruction is also used to implement the
 ** DISTINCT keyword in SELECT statements.
 **
 ** This instruction checks if index P1 contains a record for which
-** the first N serialised values exactly match the N serialised values
+** the first N serialized values exactly match the N serialized values
 ** in the record in register P3, where N is the total number of values in
 ** the P3 record (the P3 record is a prefix of the P1 record).
 **
 ** See also: NotFound, MoveTo, IsUnique, NotExists
 */
@@ -45116,10 +46901,17 @@
     ** running ioerr.test and similar failure-recovery test scripts.) */
     if( res!=0 ){
       pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
       assert( pC->rowidIsValid==0 );
     }
+  }else if( !pC->pseudoTable ){
+    /* This happens when an attempt to open a read cursor on the
+    ** sqlite_master table returns SQLITE_EMPTY.
+    */
+    assert( pC->isTable );
+    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
+    assert( pC->rowidIsValid==0 );
   }
   break;
 }
 
 /* Opcode: Sequence P1 P2 * * *
@@ -45187,11 +46979,11 @@
     ** might be subtle bugs is some implementations of lrand48() that
     ** could cause problems. To avoid uncertainty, SQLite uses its own
     ** random number generator based on the RC4 algorithm.
     **
     ** To promote locality of reference for repetitive inserts, the
-    ** first few attempts at chosing a random rowid pick values just a little
+    ** first few attempts at choosing a random rowid pick values just a little
     ** larger than the previous rowid.  This has been shown experimentally
     ** to double the speed of the COPY operation.
     */
     int res, rx=SQLITE_OK, cnt;
     i64 x;
@@ -45358,11 +47150,11 @@
         pData->flags &= ~MEM_Dyn;
         pData->flags |= MEM_Ephem;
         pData->zMalloc = 0;
       }
     }else{
-      pC->pData = sqlite3_malloc( pC->nData+2 );
+      pC->pData = sqlite3Malloc( pC->nData+2 );
       if( !pC->pData ) goto no_mem;
       memcpy(pC->pData, pData->z, pC->nData);
       pC->pData[pC->nData] = 0;
       pC->pData[pC->nData+1] = 0;
     }
@@ -45537,11 +47329,11 @@
 }
 
 /* Opcode: Rowid P1 P2 * * *
 **
 ** Store in register P2 an integer which is the key of the table entry that
-** P1 is currently point to.  If p2==0 then push the integer.
+** P1 is currently point to.
 */
 case OP_Rowid: {                 /* out2-prerelease */
   int i = pOp->p1;
   Cursor *pC;
   i64 v;
@@ -45690,32 +47482,31 @@
 */
 case OP_Prev:          /* jump */
 case OP_Next: {        /* jump */
   Cursor *pC;
   BtCursor *pCrsr;
+  int res;
 
   CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   if( pC==0 ){
     break;  /* See ticket #2273 */
   }
   pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
   assert( pCrsr );
-  if( pC->nullRow==0 ){
-    int res = 1;
-    assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-    rc = pOp->opcode==OP_Next ? sqlite3BtreeNext(pCrsr, &res) :
-                                sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCrsr, &res);
-    pC->nullRow = res;
-    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-    if( res==0 ){
-      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
+  res = 1;
+  assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
+  rc = pOp->opcode==OP_Next ? sqlite3BtreeNext(pCrsr, &res) :
+                              sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCrsr, &res);
+  pC->nullRow = res;
+  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
+  if( res==0 ){
+    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-      sqlite3_search_count++;
-#endif
-    }
+    sqlite3_search_count++;
+#endif
   }
   pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
   break;
 }
 
@@ -46000,11 +47791,11 @@
 ** no-op if the schema is not currently loaded.  In other words, if P2
 ** is false, the SQLITE_MASTER table is only parsed if the rest of the
 ** schema is already loaded into the symbol table.
 **
 ** This opcode invokes the parser to create a new virtual machine,
-** then runs the new virtual machine.  It is thus a reentrant opcode.
+** then runs the new virtual machine.  It is thus a re-entrant opcode.
 */
 case OP_ParseSchema: {
   char *zSql;
   int iDb = pOp->p1;
   const char *zMaster;
@@ -46118,11 +47909,11 @@
   char *z;        /* Text of the error report */
   Mem *pnErr;     /* Register keeping track of errors remaining */
 
   nRoot = pOp->p2;
   assert( nRoot>0 );
-  aRoot = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(int)*(nRoot+1) );
+  aRoot = sqlite3Malloc( sizeof(int)*(nRoot+1) );
   if( aRoot==0 ) goto no_mem;
   assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
   pnErr = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
   assert( (pnErr->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
   assert( (pnErr->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
@@ -46328,11 +48119,11 @@
     assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_CollSeq );
     ctx.pColl = pOp[-1].p4.pColl;
   }
   (ctx.pFunc->xStep)(&ctx, n, apVal);
   if( ctx.isError ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, sqlite3_value_text(&ctx.s), (char*)0);
+    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(&ctx.s));
     rc = ctx.isError;
   }
   sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&ctx.s);
   break;
 }
@@ -46354,11 +48145,11 @@
   assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
   pMem = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
   assert( (pMem->flags & ~(MEM_Null|MEM_Agg))==0 );
   rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(pMem, pOp->p4.pFunc);
   if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, sqlite3_value_text(pMem), (char*)0);
+    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(pMem));
   }
   sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, encoding);
   UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pMem);
   if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pMem) ){
     goto too_big;
@@ -46444,11 +48235,11 @@
   assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<p1))!=0 );
   assert( isWriteLock==0 || isWriteLock==1 );
   rc = sqlite3BtreeLockTable(db->aDb[p1].pBt, pOp->p2, isWriteLock);
   if( rc==SQLITE_LOCKED ){
     const char *z = pOp->p4.z;
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, "database table is locked: ", z, (char*)0);
+    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "database table is locked: %s", z);
   }
   break;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE */
 
@@ -46507,11 +48298,11 @@
   assert(pVtab && pModule);
   if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
   rc = pModule->xOpen(pVtab, &pVtabCursor);
   if( sqlite3SafetyOn(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
   if( SQLITE_OK==rc ){
-    /* Initialise sqlite3_vtab_cursor base class */
+    /* Initialize sqlite3_vtab_cursor base class */
     pVtabCursor->pVtab = pVtab;
 
     /* Initialise vdbe cursor object */
     pCur = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, &pOp[-1], -1, 0);
     if( pCur ){
@@ -46537,12 +48328,12 @@
 ** to the module implementation.
 **
 ** This opcode invokes the xFilter method on the virtual table specified
 ** by P1.  The integer query plan parameter to xFilter is stored in register
 ** P3. Register P3+1 stores the argc parameter to be passed to the
-** xFilter method. Registers P3+2..P3+1+argc are the argc additional
-** parametersneath additional parameters which are passed to
+** xFilter method. Registers P3+2..P3+1+argc are the argc
+** additional parameters which are passed to
 ** xFilter as argv. Register P3+2 becomes argv[0] when passed to xFilter.
 **
 ** A jump is made to P2 if the result set after filtering would be empty.
 */
 case OP_VFilter: {   /* jump */
@@ -46767,11 +48558,11 @@
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab;
   sqlite3_module *pModule = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;
   int nArg = pOp->p2;
   assert( pOp->p4type==P4_VTAB );
   if( pModule->xUpdate==0 ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, "read-only table", 0);
+    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "read-only table");
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
   }else{
     int i;
     sqlite_int64 rowid;
     Mem **apArg = p->apArg;
@@ -46793,10 +48584,29 @@
     p->nChange++;
   }
   break;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+
+#ifndef  SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
+/* Opcode: Pagecount P1 P2 * * *
+**
+** Write the current number of pages in database P1 to memory cell P2.
+*/
+case OP_Pagecount: {            /* out2-prerelease */
+  int p1 = pOp->p1;
+  int nPage;
+  Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(db->aDb[p1].pBt);
+
+  rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
+    pOut->u.i = nPage;
+  }
+  break;
+}
+#endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
 /* Opcode: Trace * * * P4 *
 **
 ** If tracing is enabled (by the sqlite3_trace()) interface, then
@@ -46841,15 +48651,15 @@
 *****************************************************************************/
     }
 
 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
     {
-      long long elapse = hwtime() - start;
-      pOp->cycles += elapse;
+      u64 elapsed = sqlite3Hwtime() - start;
+      pOp->cycles += elapsed;
       pOp->cnt++;
 #if 0
-        fprintf(stdout, "%10lld ", elapse);
+        fprintf(stdout, "%10llu ", elapsed);
         sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, origPc, &p->aOp[origPc]);
 #endif
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -46879,12 +48689,13 @@
   ** an error of some kind.
   */
 vdbe_error_halt:
   assert( rc );
   p->rc = rc;
-  rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
   sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ) db->mallocFailed = 1;
+  rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
 
   /* This is the only way out of this procedure.  We have to
   ** release the mutexes on btrees that were acquired at the
   ** top. */
 vdbe_return:
@@ -46893,19 +48704,19 @@
 
   /* Jump to here if a string or blob larger than SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
   ** is encountered.
   */
 too_big:
-  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, "string or blob too big", (char*)0);
+  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "string or blob too big");
   rc = SQLITE_TOOBIG;
   goto vdbe_error_halt;
 
   /* Jump to here if a malloc() fails.
   */
 no_mem:
   db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, "out of memory", (char*)0);
+  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "out of memory");
   rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
   goto vdbe_error_halt;
 
   /* Jump to here for an SQLITE_MISUSE error.
   */
@@ -46917,21 +48728,23 @@
   ** should hold the error number.
   */
 abort_due_to_error:
   assert( p->zErrMsg==0 );
   if( db->mallocFailed ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, sqlite3ErrStr(rc), (char*)0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
+    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
+  }
   goto vdbe_error_halt;
 
   /* Jump to here if the sqlite3_interrupt() API sets the interrupt
   ** flag.
   */
 abort_due_to_interrupt:
   assert( db->u1.isInterrupted );
   rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
   p->rc = rc;
-  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, sqlite3ErrStr(rc), (char*)0);
+  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
   goto vdbe_error_halt;
 }
 
 /************** End of vdbe.c ************************************************/
 /************** Begin file vdbeblob.c ****************************************/
@@ -46947,11 +48760,11 @@
 **
 *************************************************************************
 **
 ** This file contains code used to implement incremental BLOB I/O.
 **
-** $Id: vdbeblob.c,v 1.22 2008/04/24 09:49:55 danielk1977 Exp $
+** $Id: vdbeblob.c,v 1.24 2008/07/10 00:32:42 drh Exp $
 */
 
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
 
@@ -47029,14 +48842,13 @@
     Table *pTab;
 
     memset(&sParse, 0, sizeof(Parse));
     sParse.db = db;
 
-    rc = sqlite3SafetyOn(db);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( sqlite3SafetyOn(db) ){
       sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-      return rc;
+      return SQLITE_MISUSE;
     }
 
     sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
     pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(&sParse, 0, zTable, zDb);
     if( pTab && IsVirtual(pTab) ){
@@ -47124,10 +48936,11 @@
       ** always return an SQL NULL. This is useful because it means
       ** we can invoke OP_Column to fill in the vdbe cursors type
       ** and offset cache without causing any IO.
       */
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, flags ? 4 : 2, pTab->nCol+1);
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, 8, pTab->nCol);
       if( !db->mallocFailed ){
         sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, 1, 1, 1, 0);
       }
     }
 
@@ -47537,11 +49350,11 @@
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains routines used for analyzing expressions and
 ** for generating VDBE code that evaluates expressions in SQLite.
 **
-** $Id: expr.c,v 1.371 2008/05/01 17:16:53 drh Exp $
+** $Id: expr.c,v 1.385 2008/07/09 01:39:44 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** Return the 'affinity' of the expression pExpr if any.
 **
@@ -47769,16 +49582,111 @@
   p4 = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pLeft, pRight);
   p5 = binaryCompareP5(pLeft, pRight, jumpIfNull);
   addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(pParse->pVdbe, opcode, in2, dest, in1,
                            (void*)p4, P4_COLLSEQ);
   sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(pParse->pVdbe, p5);
-  if( p5 & SQLITE_AFF_MASK ){
+  if( (p5 & SQLITE_AFF_MASK)!=SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
     sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, in1, 1);
     sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, in2, 1);
   }
   return addr;
 }
+
+#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
+/*
+** Check that argument nHeight is less than or equal to the maximum
+** expression depth allowed. If it is not, leave an error message in
+** pParse.
+*/
+static int checkExprHeight(Parse *pParse, int nHeight){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int mxHeight = pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH];
+  if( nHeight>mxHeight ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+       "Expression tree is too large (maximum depth %d)", mxHeight
+    );
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/* The following three functions, heightOfExpr(), heightOfExprList()
+** and heightOfSelect(), are used to determine the maximum height
+** of any expression tree referenced by the structure passed as the
+** first argument.
+**
+** If this maximum height is greater than the current value pointed
+** to by pnHeight, the second parameter, then set *pnHeight to that
+** value.
+*/
+static void heightOfExpr(Expr *p, int *pnHeight){
+  if( p ){
+    if( p->nHeight>*pnHeight ){
+      *pnHeight = p->nHeight;
+    }
+  }
+}
+static void heightOfExprList(ExprList *p, int *pnHeight){
+  if( p ){
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<p->nExpr; i++){
+      heightOfExpr(p->a[i].pExpr, pnHeight);
+    }
+  }
+}
+static void heightOfSelect(Select *p, int *pnHeight){
+  if( p ){
+    heightOfExpr(p->pWhere, pnHeight);
+    heightOfExpr(p->pHaving, pnHeight);
+    heightOfExpr(p->pLimit, pnHeight);
+    heightOfExpr(p->pOffset, pnHeight);
+    heightOfExprList(p->pEList, pnHeight);
+    heightOfExprList(p->pGroupBy, pnHeight);
+    heightOfExprList(p->pOrderBy, pnHeight);
+    heightOfSelect(p->pPrior, pnHeight);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Set the Expr.nHeight variable in the structure passed as an
+** argument. An expression with no children, Expr.pList or
+** Expr.pSelect member has a height of 1. Any other expression
+** has a height equal to the maximum height of any other
+** referenced Expr plus one.
+*/
+static void exprSetHeight(Expr *p){
+  int nHeight = 0;
+  heightOfExpr(p->pLeft, &nHeight);
+  heightOfExpr(p->pRight, &nHeight);
+  heightOfExprList(p->pList, &nHeight);
+  heightOfSelect(p->pSelect, &nHeight);
+  p->nHeight = nHeight + 1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Set the Expr.nHeight variable using the exprSetHeight() function. If
+** the height is greater than the maximum allowed expression depth,
+** leave an error in pParse.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprSetHeight(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
+  exprSetHeight(p);
+  checkExprHeight(pParse, p->nHeight);
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the maximum height of any expression tree referenced
+** by the select statement passed as an argument.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *p){
+  int nHeight = 0;
+  heightOfSelect(p, &nHeight);
+  return nHeight;
+}
+#else
+  #define checkExprHeight(x,y)
+  #define exprSetHeight(y)
+#endif /* SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0 */
 
 /*
 ** Construct a new expression node and return a pointer to it.  Memory
 ** for this node is obtained from sqlite3_malloc().  The calling function
 ** is responsible for making sure the node eventually gets freed.
@@ -47803,16 +49711,19 @@
   }
   pNew->op = op;
   pNew->pLeft = pLeft;
   pNew->pRight = pRight;
   pNew->iAgg = -1;
+  pNew->span.z = (u8*)"";
   if( pToken ){
     assert( pToken->dyn==0 );
     pNew->span = pNew->token = *pToken;
   }else if( pLeft ){
     if( pRight ){
-      sqlite3ExprSpan(pNew, &pLeft->span, &pRight->span);
+      if( pRight->span.dyn==0 && pLeft->span.dyn==0 ){
+        sqlite3ExprSpan(pNew, &pLeft->span, &pRight->span);
+      }
       if( pRight->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
         pNew->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
         pNew->pColl = pRight->pColl;
       }
     }
@@ -47820,11 +49731,11 @@
       pNew->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
       pNew->pColl = pLeft->pColl;
     }
   }
 
-  sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pNew);
+  exprSetHeight(pNew);
   return pNew;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Works like sqlite3Expr() except that it takes an extra Parse*
@@ -47835,11 +49746,15 @@
   int op,                 /* Expression opcode */
   Expr *pLeft,            /* Left operand */
   Expr *pRight,           /* Right operand */
   const Token *pToken     /* Argument token */
 ){
-  return sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, op, pLeft, pRight, pToken);
+  Expr *p = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, op, pLeft, pRight, pToken);
+  if( p ){
+    checkExprHeight(pParse, p->nHeight);
+  }
+  return p;
 }
 
 /*
 ** When doing a nested parse, you can include terms in an expression
 ** that look like this:   #1 #2 ...  These terms refer to registers
@@ -47880,23 +49795,19 @@
   }
 }
 
 /*
 ** Set the Expr.span field of the given expression to span all
-** text between the two given tokens.
+** text between the two given tokens.  Both tokens must be pointing
+** at the same string.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprSpan(Expr *pExpr, Token *pLeft, Token *pRight){
   assert( pRight!=0 );
   assert( pLeft!=0 );
   if( pExpr && pRight->z && pLeft->z ){
-    assert( pLeft->dyn==0 || pLeft->z[pLeft->n]==0 );
-    if( pLeft->dyn==0 && pRight->dyn==0 ){
-      pExpr->span.z = pLeft->z;
-      pExpr->span.n = pRight->n + (pRight->z - pLeft->z);
-    }else{
-      pExpr->span.z = 0;
-    }
+    pExpr->span.z = pLeft->z;
+    pExpr->span.n = pRight->n + (pRight->z - pLeft->z);
   }
 }
 
 /*
 ** Construct a new expression node for a function with multiple
@@ -47914,11 +49825,11 @@
   pNew->pList = pList;
   assert( pToken->dyn==0 );
   pNew->token = *pToken;
   pNew->span = pNew->token;
 
-  sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pNew);
+  sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, pNew);
   return pNew;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Assign a variable number to an expression that encodes a wildcard
@@ -48180,12 +50091,12 @@
   pNew->pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pOrderBy);
   pNew->op = p->op;
   pNew->pPrior = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p->pPrior);
   pNew->pLimit = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pLimit);
   pNew->pOffset = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pOffset);
-  pNew->iLimit = -1;
-  pNew->iOffset = -1;
+  pNew->iLimit = 0;
+  pNew->iOffset = 0;
   pNew->isResolved = p->isResolved;
   pNew->isAgg = p->isAgg;
   pNew->usesEphm = 0;
   pNew->disallowOrderBy = 0;
   pNew->pRightmost = 0;
@@ -48259,74 +50170,10 @@
   testcase( pEList && pEList->nExpr==mx );
   testcase( pEList && pEList->nExpr==mx+1 );
   if( pEList && pEList->nExpr>mx ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns in %s", zObject);
   }
-}
-
-
-/* The following three functions, heightOfExpr(), heightOfExprList()
-** and heightOfSelect(), are used to determine the maximum height
-** of any expression tree referenced by the structure passed as the
-** first argument.
-**
-** If this maximum height is greater than the current value pointed
-** to by pnHeight, the second parameter, then set *pnHeight to that
-** value.
-*/
-static void heightOfExpr(Expr *p, int *pnHeight){
-  if( p ){
-    if( p->nHeight>*pnHeight ){
-      *pnHeight = p->nHeight;
-    }
-  }
-}
-static void heightOfExprList(ExprList *p, int *pnHeight){
-  if( p ){
-    int i;
-    for(i=0; i<p->nExpr; i++){
-      heightOfExpr(p->a[i].pExpr, pnHeight);
-    }
-  }
-}
-static void heightOfSelect(Select *p, int *pnHeight){
-  if( p ){
-    heightOfExpr(p->pWhere, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExpr(p->pHaving, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExpr(p->pLimit, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExpr(p->pOffset, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExprList(p->pEList, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExprList(p->pGroupBy, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExprList(p->pOrderBy, pnHeight);
-    heightOfSelect(p->pPrior, pnHeight);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Set the Expr.nHeight variable in the structure passed as an
-** argument. An expression with no children, Expr.pList or
-** Expr.pSelect member has a height of 1. Any other expression
-** has a height equal to the maximum height of any other
-** referenced Expr plus one.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprSetHeight(Expr *p){
-  int nHeight = 0;
-  heightOfExpr(p->pLeft, &nHeight);
-  heightOfExpr(p->pRight, &nHeight);
-  heightOfExprList(p->pList, &nHeight);
-  heightOfSelect(p->pSelect, &nHeight);
-  p->nHeight = nHeight + 1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the maximum height of any expression tree referenced
-** by the select statement passed as an argument.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *p){
-  int nHeight = 0;
-  heightOfSelect(p, &nHeight);
-  return nHeight;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Delete an entire expression list.
 */
@@ -48506,31 +50353,40 @@
 ** to fit in a 32-bit integer, return 1 and put the value of the integer
 ** in *pValue.  If the expression is not an integer or if it is too big
 ** to fit in a signed 32-bit integer, return 0 and leave *pValue unchanged.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr *p, int *pValue){
+  int rc = 0;
+  if( p->flags & EP_IntValue ){
+    *pValue = p->iTable;
+    return 1;
+  }
   switch( p->op ){
     case TK_INTEGER: {
-      if( sqlite3GetInt32((char*)p->token.z, pValue) ){
-        return 1;
-      }
+      rc = sqlite3GetInt32((char*)p->token.z, pValue);
       break;
     }
     case TK_UPLUS: {
-      return sqlite3ExprIsInteger(p->pLeft, pValue);
+      rc = sqlite3ExprIsInteger(p->pLeft, pValue);
+      break;
     }
     case TK_UMINUS: {
       int v;
       if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(p->pLeft, &v) ){
         *pValue = -v;
-        return 1;
+        rc = 1;
       }
       break;
     }
     default: break;
   }
-  return 0;
+  if( rc ){
+    p->op = TK_INTEGER;
+    p->flags |= EP_IntValue;
+    p->iTable = *pValue;
+  }
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Return TRUE if the given string is a row-id column name.
 */
@@ -49054,15 +50910,11 @@
   int savedHasAgg;
 
   if( pExpr==0 ) return 0;
 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
   {
-    int mxDepth = pNC->pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH];
-    if( (pExpr->nHeight+pNC->pParse->nHeight)>mxDepth ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pNC->pParse,
-         "Expression tree is too large (maximum depth %d)", mxDepth
-      );
+    if( checkExprHeight(pNC->pParse, pExpr->nHeight + pNC->pParse->nHeight) ){
       return 1;
     }
     pNC->pParse->nHeight += pExpr->nHeight;
   }
 #endif
@@ -49156,26 +51008,50 @@
 ** An existing structure may only be used if the SELECT is of the simple
 ** form:
 **
 **     SELECT <column> FROM <table>
 **
-** If the mustBeUnique parameter is false, the structure will be used
-** for fast set membership tests. In this case an epheremal table must
-** be used unless <column> is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or an index can
-** be found with <column> as its left-most column.
-**
-** If mustBeUnique is true, then the structure will be used to iterate
+** If prNotFound parameter is 0, then the structure will be used to iterate
 ** through the set members, skipping any duplicates. In this case an
 ** epheremal table must be used unless the selected <column> is guaranteed
 ** to be unique - either because it is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or it
 ** is unique by virtue of a constraint or implicit index.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *pParse, Expr *pX, int mustBeUnique){
+**
+** If the prNotFound parameter is not 0, then the structure will be used
+** for fast set membership tests. In this case an epheremal table must
+** be used unless <column> is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or an index can
+** be found with <column> as its left-most column.
+**
+** When the structure is being used for set membership tests, the user
+** needs to know whether or not the structure contains an SQL NULL
+** value in order to correctly evaluate expressions like "X IN (Y, Z)".
+** If there is a chance that the structure may contain a NULL value at
+** runtime, then a register is allocated and the register number written
+** to *prNotFound. If there is no chance that the structure contains a
+** NULL value, then *prNotFound is left unchanged.
+**
+** If a register is allocated and its location stored in *prNotFound, then
+** its initial value is NULL. If the structure does not remain constant
+** for the duration of the query (i.e. the set is a correlated sub-select),
+** the value of the allocated register is reset to NULL each time the
+** structure is repopulated. This allows the caller to use vdbe code
+** equivalent to the following:
+**
+**   if( register==NULL ){
+**     has_null = <test if data structure contains null>
+**     register = 1
+**   }
+**
+** in order to avoid running the <test if data structure contains null>
+** test more often than is necessary.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *pParse, Expr *pX, int *prNotFound){
   Select *p;
   int eType = 0;
   int iTab = pParse->nTab++;
+  int mustBeUnique = !prNotFound;
 
   /* The follwing if(...) expression is true if the SELECT is of the
   ** simple form:
   **
   **     SELECT <column> FROM <table>
@@ -49247,17 +51123,24 @@
                                pKey,P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
           VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));
           eType = IN_INDEX_INDEX;
 
           sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iAddr);
+          if( prNotFound && !pTab->aCol[iCol].notNull ){
+            *prNotFound = ++pParse->nMem;
+          }
         }
       }
     }
   }
 
   if( eType==0 ){
-    sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pX);
+    int rMayHaveNull = 0;
+    if( prNotFound ){
+      *prNotFound = rMayHaveNull = ++pParse->nMem;
+    }
+    sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pX, rMayHaveNull);
     eType = IN_INDEX_EPH;
   }else{
     pX->iTable = iTab;
   }
   return eType;
@@ -49275,11 +51158,11 @@
 **
 ** The pExpr parameter describes the expression that contains the IN
 ** operator or subquery.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int rMayHaveNull){
   int testAddr = 0;                       /* One-time test address */
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
   if( v==0 ) return;
 
 
@@ -49303,10 +51186,14 @@
   switch( pExpr->op ){
     case TK_IN: {
       char affinity;
       KeyInfo keyInfo;
       int addr;        /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral instruction */
+
+      if( rMayHaveNull ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, rMayHaveNull);
+      }
 
       affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->pLeft);
 
       /* Whether this is an 'x IN(SELECT...)' or an 'x IN(<exprlist>)'
       ** expression it is handled the same way. A virtual table is
@@ -49336,11 +51223,11 @@
         ExprList *pEList;
 
         sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Set, pExpr->iTable);
         dest.affinity = (int)affinity;
         assert( (pExpr->iTable&0x0000FFFF)==pExpr->iTable );
-        if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pExpr->pSelect, &dest, 0, 0, 0, 0) ){
+        if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pExpr->pSelect, &dest, 0, 0, 0) ){
           return;
         }
         pEList = pExpr->pSelect->pEList;
         if( pEList && pEList->nExpr>0 ){
           keyInfo.aColl[0] = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft,
@@ -49355,11 +51242,11 @@
         ** a column, use numeric affinity.
         */
         int i;
         ExprList *pList = pExpr->pList;
         struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-        int r1, r2;
+        int r1, r2, r3;
 
         if( !affinity ){
           affinity = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
         }
         keyInfo.aColl[0] = pExpr->pLeft->pColl;
@@ -49380,15 +51267,15 @@
             testAddr = 0;
           }
 
           /* Evaluate the expression and insert it into the temp table */
           pParse->disableColCache++;
-          sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pE2, r1);
+          r3 = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pE2, r1);
           assert( pParse->disableColCache>0 );
           pParse->disableColCache--;
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, r1, 1, r2, &affinity, 1);
-          sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, r1, 1);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, r3, 1, r2, &affinity, 1);
+          sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, r3, 1);
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, pExpr->iTable, r2);
         }
         sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
         sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
       }
@@ -49417,11 +51304,11 @@
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, dest.iParm);
         VdbeComment((v, "Init EXISTS result"));
       }
       sqlite3ExprDelete(pSel->pLimit);
       pSel->pLimit = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_INTEGER, 0, 0, &one);
-      if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest, 0, 0, 0, 0) ){
+      if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest, 0, 0, 0) ){
         return;
       }
       pExpr->iColumn = dest.iParm;
       break;
     }
@@ -49478,14 +51365,19 @@
 **
 ** The z[] string will probably not be zero-terminated.  But the
 ** z[n] character is guaranteed to be something that does not look
 ** like the continuation of the number.
 */
-static void codeInteger(Vdbe *v, const char *z, int n, int negFlag, int iMem){
-  assert( z || v==0 || sqlite3VdbeDb(v)->mallocFailed );
-  if( z ){
-    int i;
+static void codeInteger(Vdbe *v, Expr *pExpr, int negFlag, int iMem){
+  const char *z;
+  if( pExpr->flags & EP_IntValue ){
+    int i = pExpr->iTable;
+    if( negFlag ) i = -i;
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, i, iMem);
+  }else if( (z = (char*)pExpr->token.z)!=0 ){
+    int i;
+    int n = pExpr->token.n;
     assert( !isdigit(z[n]) );
     if( sqlite3GetInt32(z, &i) ){
       if( negFlag ) i = -i;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, i, iMem);
     }else if( sqlite3FitsIn64Bits(z, negFlag) ){
@@ -49604,21 +51496,34 @@
     }
   }
 }
 
 /*
-** Generate code to moves content from one register to another.
-** Keep the column cache up-to-date.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse *pParse, int iFrom, int iTo){
+** Generate code to move content from registers iFrom...iFrom+nReg-1
+** over to iTo..iTo+nReg-1. Keep the column cache up-to-date.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse *pParse, int iFrom, int iTo, int nReg){
+  int i;
+  if( iFrom==iTo ) return;
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Move, iFrom, iTo, nReg);
+  for(i=0; i<pParse->nColCache; i++){
+    int x = pParse->aColCache[i].iReg;
+    if( x>=iFrom && x<iFrom+nReg ){
+      pParse->aColCache[i].iReg += iTo-iFrom;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Generate code to copy content from registers iFrom...iFrom+nReg-1
+** over to iTo..iTo+nReg-1.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse *pParse, int iFrom, int iTo, int nReg){
   int i;
   if( iFrom==iTo ) return;
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Move, iFrom, iTo);
-  for(i=0; i<pParse->nColCache; i++){
-    if( pParse->aColCache[i].iReg==iFrom ){
-      pParse->aColCache[i].iReg = iTo;
-    }
+  for(i=0; i<nReg; i++){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Copy, iFrom+i, iTo+i);
   }
 }
 
 /*
 ** Return true if any register in the range iFrom..iTo (inclusive)
@@ -49737,11 +51642,11 @@
                                  pExpr->flags & EP_AnyAff);
       }
       break;
     }
     case TK_INTEGER: {
-      codeInteger(v, (char*)pExpr->token.z, pExpr->token.n, 0, target);
+      codeInteger(v, pExpr, 0, target);
       break;
     }
     case TK_FLOAT: {
       codeReal(v, (char*)pExpr->token.z, pExpr->token.n, 0, target);
       break;
@@ -49875,15 +51780,14 @@
     }
     case TK_UMINUS: {
       Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
       assert( pLeft );
       if( pLeft->op==TK_FLOAT || pLeft->op==TK_INTEGER ){
-        Token *p = &pLeft->token;
         if( pLeft->op==TK_FLOAT ){
-          codeReal(v, (char*)p->z, p->n, 1, target);
-        }else{
-          codeInteger(v, (char*)p->z, p->n, 1, target);
+          codeReal(v, (char*)pLeft->token.z, pLeft->token.n, 1, target);
+        }else{
+          codeInteger(v, pLeft, 1, target);
         }
       }else{
         regFree1 = r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, r1);
         r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree2);
@@ -50001,54 +51905,102 @@
     case TK_EXISTS:
     case TK_SELECT: {
       testcase( op==TK_EXISTS );
       testcase( op==TK_SELECT );
       if( pExpr->iColumn==0 ){
-        sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr);
+        sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr, 0);
       }
       inReg = pExpr->iColumn;
       break;
     }
     case TK_IN: {
-      int j1, j2, j3, j4, j5;
+      int rNotFound = 0;
+      int rMayHaveNull = 0;
+      int j2, j3, j4, j5;
       char affinity;
       int eType;
 
-      eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pExpr, 0);
+      VdbeNoopComment((v, "begin IN expr r%d", target));
+      eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pExpr, &rMayHaveNull);
+      if( rMayHaveNull ){
+        rNotFound = ++pParse->nMem;
+      }
 
       /* Figure out the affinity to use to create a key from the results
       ** of the expression. affinityStr stores a static string suitable for
       ** P4 of OP_MakeRecord.
       */
       affinity = comparisonAffinity(pExpr);
 
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, target);
 
       /* Code the <expr> from "<expr> IN (...)". The temporary table
       ** pExpr->iTable contains the values that make up the (...) set.
       */
-      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
-      testcase( regFree1==0 );
-      j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, r1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
-      j2  = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
+      pParse->disableColCache++;
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, target);
+      pParse->disableColCache--;
+      j2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, target);
       if( eType==IN_INDEX_ROWID ){
-        j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, r1);
-        j4 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, pExpr->iTable, 0, r1);
+        j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, target);
+        j4 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, pExpr->iTable, 0, target);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, target);
         j5 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
         sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j3);
         sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j4);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, target);
       }else{
         r2 = regFree2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, r1, 1, r2, &affinity, 1);
-        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, r1, 1);
+
+        /* Create a record and test for set membership. If the set contains
+        ** the value, then jump to the end of the test code. The target
+        ** register still contains the true (1) value written to it earlier.
+        */
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, target, 1, r2, &affinity, 1);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, target);
         j5 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Found, pExpr->iTable, 0, r2);
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, target, -1);
+
+        /* If the set membership test fails, then the result of the
+        ** "x IN (...)" expression must be either 0 or NULL. If the set
+        ** contains no NULL values, then the result is 0. If the set
+        ** contains one or more NULL values, then the result of the
+        ** expression is also NULL.
+        */
+        if( rNotFound==0 ){
+          /* This branch runs if it is known at compile time (now) that
+          ** the set contains no NULL values. This happens as the result
+          ** of a "NOT NULL" constraint in the database schema. No need
+          ** to test the data structure at runtime in this case.
+          */
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, target);
+        }else{
+          /* This block populates the rNotFound register with either NULL
+          ** or 0 (an integer value). If the data structure contains one
+          ** or more NULLs, then set rNotFound to NULL. Otherwise, set it
+          ** to 0. If register rMayHaveNull is already set to some value
+          ** other than NULL, then the test has already been run and
+          ** rNotFound is already populated.
+          */
+          static const char nullRecord[] = { 0x02, 0x00 };
+          j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, rMayHaveNull);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, rNotFound);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Blob, 2, rMayHaveNull, 0,
+                             nullRecord, P4_STATIC);
+          j4 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Found, pExpr->iTable, 0, rMayHaveNull);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, rNotFound);
+          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j4);
+          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j3);
+
+          /* Copy the value of register rNotFound (which is either NULL or 0)
+	  ** into the target register. This will be the result of the
+          ** expression.
+          */
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, rNotFound, target);
+        }
+      }
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j2);
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j5);
+      VdbeComment((v, "end IN expr r%d", target));
       break;
     }
 #endif
     /*
     **    x BETWEEN y AND z
@@ -50932,29 +52884,18 @@
 
 /*
 ** Allocate or deallocate temporary use registers during code generation.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse *pParse){
-  int i, r;
   if( pParse->nTempReg==0 ){
     return ++pParse->nMem;
   }
-  for(i=0; i<pParse->nTempReg; i++){
-    r = pParse->aTempReg[i];
-    if( usedAsColumnCache(pParse, r, r) ) continue;
-  }
-  if( i>=pParse->nTempReg ){
-    return ++pParse->nMem;
-  }
-  while( i<pParse->nTempReg-1 ){
-    pParse->aTempReg[i] = pParse->aTempReg[i+1];
-  }
-  pParse->nTempReg--;
-  return r;
+  return pParse->aTempReg[--pParse->nTempReg];
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse *pParse, int iReg){
   if( iReg && pParse->nTempReg<ArraySize(pParse->aTempReg) ){
+    sqlite3ExprWritableRegister(pParse, iReg, iReg);
     pParse->aTempReg[pParse->nTempReg++] = iReg;
   }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -50994,11 +52935,11 @@
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains C code routines that used to generate VDBE code
 ** that implements the ALTER TABLE command.
 **
-** $Id: alter.c,v 1.44 2008/05/09 14:17:52 drh Exp $
+** $Id: alter.c,v 1.46 2008/07/15 14:47:19 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** The code in this file only exists if we are not omitting the
 ** ALTER TABLE logic from the build.
@@ -51035,11 +52976,11 @@
 
   sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
 
   /* The principle used to locate the table name in the CREATE TABLE
   ** statement is that the table name is the first non-space token that
-  ** is immediately followed by a left parenthesis - TK_LP - or "USING" TK_USING.
+  ** is immediately followed by a TK_LP or TK_USING token.
   */
   if( zSql ){
     do {
       if( !*zCsr ){
         /* Ran out of input before finding an opening bracket. Return NULL. */
@@ -51144,26 +53085,16 @@
 
 /*
 ** Register built-in functions used to help implement ALTER TABLE
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFunctions(sqlite3 *db){
-  static const struct {
-     char *zName;
-     signed char nArg;
-     void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **);
-  } aFuncs[] = {
-    { "sqlite_rename_table",    2, renameTableFunc},
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-    { "sqlite_rename_trigger",  2, renameTriggerFunc},
-#endif
-  };
-  int i;
-
-  for(i=0; i<sizeof(aFuncs)/sizeof(aFuncs[0]); i++){
-    sqlite3CreateFunc(db, aFuncs[i].zName, aFuncs[i].nArg,
-        SQLITE_UTF8, 0, aFuncs[i].xFunc, 0, 0);
-  }
+  sqlite3CreateFunc(db, "sqlite_rename_table", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                         renameTableFunc, 0, 0);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
+  sqlite3CreateFunc(db, "sqlite_rename_trigger", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                         renameTriggerFunc, 0, 0);
+#endif
 }
 
 /*
 ** Generate the text of a WHERE expression which can be used to select all
 ** temporary triggers on table pTab from the sqlite_temp_master table. If
@@ -52051,11 +53982,11 @@
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains code used to implement the ATTACH and DETACH commands.
 **
-** $Id: attach.c,v 1.75 2008/04/17 17:02:01 drh Exp $
+** $Id: attach.c,v 1.76 2008/06/15 02:51:47 drh Exp $
 */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
 /*
 ** Resolve an expression that was part of an ATTACH or DETACH statement. This
@@ -52151,22 +54082,16 @@
 
   /* Allocate the new entry in the db->aDb[] array and initialise the schema
   ** hash tables.
   */
   if( db->aDb==db->aDbStatic ){
-    aNew = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(db->aDb[0])*3 );
-    if( aNew==0 ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      return;
-    }
+    aNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(db->aDb[0])*3 );
+    if( aNew==0 ) return;
     memcpy(aNew, db->aDb, sizeof(db->aDb[0])*2);
   }else{
-    aNew = sqlite3_realloc(db->aDb, sizeof(db->aDb[0])*(db->nDb+1) );
-    if( aNew==0 ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      return;
-    }
+    aNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, db->aDb, sizeof(db->aDb[0])*(db->nDb+1) );
+    if( aNew==0 ) return;
   }
   db->aDb = aNew;
   aNew = &db->aDb[db->nDb++];
   memset(aNew, 0, sizeof(*aNew));
 
@@ -52830,11 +54755,11 @@
 **     creating ID lists
 **     BEGIN TRANSACTION
 **     COMMIT
 **     ROLLBACK
 **
-** $Id: build.c,v 1.484 2008/05/01 17:16:53 drh Exp $
+** $Id: build.c,v 1.490 2008/07/08 23:40:20 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** This routine is called when a new SQL statement is beginning to
 ** be parsed.  Initialize the pParse structure as needed.
@@ -53044,10 +54969,11 @@
 ** care if you decide to try to use this routine for some other purposes.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse *pParse, const char *zFormat, ...){
   va_list ap;
   char *zSql;
+  char *zErrMsg = 0;
 # define SAVE_SZ  (sizeof(Parse) - offsetof(Parse,nVar))
   char saveBuf[SAVE_SZ];
 
   if( pParse->nErr ) return;
   assert( pParse->nested<10 );  /* Nesting should only be of limited depth */
@@ -53059,11 +54985,12 @@
     return;   /* A malloc must have failed */
   }
   pParse->nested++;
   memcpy(saveBuf, &pParse->nVar, SAVE_SZ);
   memset(&pParse->nVar, 0, SAVE_SZ);
-  sqlite3RunParser(pParse, zSql, 0);
+  sqlite3RunParser(pParse, zSql, &zErrMsg);
+  sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
   sqlite3_free(zSql);
   memcpy(&pParse->nVar, saveBuf, SAVE_SZ);
   pParse->nested--;
 }
 
@@ -53080,15 +55007,17 @@
 ** See also sqlite3LocateTable().
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const char *zDatabase){
   Table *p = 0;
   int i;
+  int nName;
   assert( zName!=0 );
+  nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName) + 1;
   for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
     int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;   /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
     if( zDatabase!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(zDatabase, db->aDb[j].zName) ) continue;
-    p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[j].pSchema->tblHash, zName, strlen(zName)+1);
+    p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[j].pSchema->tblHash, zName, nName);
     if( p ) break;
   }
   return p;
 }
 
@@ -53142,17 +55071,18 @@
 ** using the ATTACH command.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const char *zDb){
   Index *p = 0;
   int i;
+  int nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName)+1;
   for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
     int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;  /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
     Schema *pSchema = db->aDb[j].pSchema;
     if( zDb && sqlite3StrICmp(zDb, db->aDb[j].zName) ) continue;
     assert( pSchema || (j==1 && !db->aDb[1].pBt) );
     if( pSchema ){
-      p = sqlite3HashFind(&pSchema->idxHash, zName, strlen(zName)+1);
+      p = sqlite3HashFind(&pSchema->idxHash, zName, nName);
     }
     if( p ) break;
   }
   return p;
 }
@@ -53175,11 +55105,11 @@
 */
 static void sqliteDeleteIndex(Index *p){
   Index *pOld;
   const char *zName = p->zName;
 
-  pOld = sqlite3HashInsert(&p->pSchema->idxHash, zName, strlen( zName)+1, 0);
+  pOld = sqlite3HashInsert(&p->pSchema->idxHash, zName, strlen(zName)+1, 0);
   assert( pOld==0 || pOld==p );
   freeIndex(p);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -53191,11 +55121,11 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zIdxName){
   Index *pIndex;
   int len;
   Hash *pHash = &db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->idxHash;
 
-  len = strlen(zIdxName);
+  len = sqlite3Strlen(db, zIdxName);
   pIndex = sqlite3HashInsert(pHash, zIdxName, len+1, 0);
   if( pIndex ){
     if( pIndex->pTable->pIndex==pIndex ){
       pIndex->pTable->pIndex = pIndex->pNext;
     }else{
@@ -54069,11 +55999,11 @@
   pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, nName, initbusy);
   if( !initbusy && (!pColl || !pColl->xCmp) ){
     pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(db, pColl, zName, nName);
     if( !pColl ){
       if( nName<0 ){
-        nName = strlen(zName);
+        nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
       }
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such collation sequence: %.*s", nName, zName);
       pColl = 0;
     }
   }
@@ -54173,11 +56103,11 @@
     zSep = "\n  ";
     zSep2 = ",\n  ";
     zEnd = "\n)";
   }
   n += 35 + 6*p->nCol;
-  zStmt = sqlite3_malloc( n );
+  zStmt = sqlite3Malloc( n );
   if( zStmt==0 ){
     db->mallocFailed = 1;
     return 0;
   }
   sqlite3_snprintf(n, zStmt,
@@ -54327,11 +56257,11 @@
 
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenWrite, 1, pParse->regRoot, iDb);
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
       pParse->nTab = 2;
       sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Table, 1);
-      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest, 0, 0, 0);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, 1);
       if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
         pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, 0, pSelect);
         if( pSelTab==0 ) return;
         assert( p->aCol==0 );
@@ -55103,11 +57033,11 @@
     int regRowid;
 
     regRowid = regIdxKey + pIndex->nColumn;
     j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IsNull, regIdxKey, 0, pIndex->nColumn);
     j2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_IsUnique, iIdx,
-                           0, regRowid, (char*)regRecord, P4_INT32);
+                           0, regRowid, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(regRecord), P4_INT32);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, OE_Abort, 0,
                     "indexed columns are not unique", P4_STATIC);
     sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
     sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j2);
   }
@@ -55259,19 +57189,15 @@
         sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "index %s already exists", zName);
       }
       goto exit_create_index;
     }
   }else{
-    char zBuf[30];
     int n;
     Index *pLoop;
     for(pLoop=pTab->pIndex, n=1; pLoop; pLoop=pLoop->pNext, n++){}
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf),zBuf,"_%d",n);
-    zName = 0;
-    sqlite3SetString(&zName, "sqlite_autoindex_", pTab->zName, zBuf, (char*)0);
-    if( zName==0 ){
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
+    zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "sqlite_autoindex_%s_%d", pTab->zName, n);
+    if( zName==0 ){
       goto exit_create_index;
     }
   }
 
   /* Check for authorization to create an index.
@@ -56311,11 +58237,11 @@
 *************************************************************************
 **
 ** This file contains functions used to access the internal hash tables
 ** of user defined functions and collation sequences.
 **
-** $Id: callback.c,v 1.23 2007/08/29 12:31:26 danielk1977 Exp $
+** $Id: callback.c,v 1.25 2008/07/08 14:52:10 drh Exp $
 */
 
 
 /*
 ** Invoke the 'collation needed' callback to request a collation sequence
@@ -56322,11 +58248,11 @@
 ** in the database text encoding of name zName, length nName.
 ** If the collation sequence
 */
 static void callCollNeeded(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, int nName){
   assert( !db->xCollNeeded || !db->xCollNeeded16 );
-  if( nName<0 ) nName = strlen(zName);
+  if( nName<0 ) nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
   if( db->xCollNeeded ){
     char *zExternal = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, zName, nName);
     if( !zExternal ) return;
     db->xCollNeeded(db->pCollNeededArg, db, (int)ENC(db), zExternal);
     sqlite3_free(zExternal);
@@ -56455,11 +58381,11 @@
   const char *zName,
   int nName,
   int create
 ){
   CollSeq *pColl;
-  if( nName<0 ) nName = strlen(zName);
+  if( nName<0 ) nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
   pColl = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aCollSeq, zName, nName);
 
   if( 0==pColl && create ){
     pColl = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 3*sizeof(*pColl) + nName + 1 );
     if( pColl ){
@@ -56625,10 +58551,12 @@
 /*
 ** Free all resources held by the schema structure. The void* argument points
 ** at a Schema struct. This function does not call sqlite3_free() on the
 ** pointer itself, it just cleans up subsiduary resources (i.e. the contents
 ** of the schema hash tables).
+**
+** The Schema.cache_size variable is not cleared.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SchemaFree(void *p){
   Hash temp1;
   Hash temp2;
   HashElem *pElem;
@@ -56690,11 +58618,11 @@
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
 ** in order to generate code for DELETE FROM statements.
 **
-** $Id: delete.c,v 1.169 2008/04/28 18:46:43 drh Exp $
+** $Id: delete.c,v 1.170 2008/07/08 23:40:20 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** Look up every table that is named in pSrc.  If any table is not found,
 ** add an error message to pParse->zErrMsg and return NULL.  If all tables
@@ -56783,11 +58711,11 @@
     pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere);
     pFrom = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse, 0, 0, 0, 0, pDup, 0, 0);
     pDup = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0, pFrom, pWhere, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
   }
   sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, iCur);
-  sqlite3Select(pParse, pDup, &dest, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+  sqlite3Select(pParse, pDup, &dest, 0, 0, 0);
   sqlite3SelectDelete(pDup);
 }
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) */
 
 
@@ -57240,11 +59168,11 @@
 **
 ** There is only one exported symbol in this file - the function
 ** sqliteRegisterBuildinFunctions() found at the bottom of the file.
 ** All other code has file scope.
 **
-** $Id: func.c,v 1.192 2008/04/27 18:40:12 drh Exp $
+** $Id: func.c,v 1.195 2008/07/08 22:28:49 shane Exp $
 */
 
 
 /*
 ** Return the collating function associated with a function.
@@ -57468,11 +59396,11 @@
   char *z;
   if( nByte>sqlite3_context_db_handle(context)->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
     sqlite3_result_error_toobig(context);
     z = 0;
   }else{
-    z = sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+    z = sqlite3Malloc(nByte);
     if( !z && nByte>0 ){
       sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
     }
   }
   return z;
@@ -58127,11 +60055,11 @@
         aLen[nChar] = z - azChar[nChar];
       }
     }
   }
   if( nChar>0 ){
-    flags = (int)sqlite3_user_data(context);
+    flags = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(sqlite3_user_data(context));
     if( flags & 1 ){
       while( nIn>0 ){
         int len;
         for(i=0; i<nChar; i++){
           len = aLen[i];
@@ -58385,31 +60313,35 @@
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
   const char *zVal;
   StrAccum *pAccum;
   const char *zSep;
-  int nVal, nSep;
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ) return;
+  int nVal, nSep, i;
+  if( argc==0 || sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ) return;
   pAccum = (StrAccum*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, sizeof(*pAccum));
 
   if( pAccum ){
     sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
     pAccum->useMalloc = 1;
     pAccum->mxAlloc = db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH];
     if( pAccum->nChar ){
-      if( argc==2 ){
-        zSep = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-        nSep = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
+      if( argc>1 ){
+        zSep = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[argc-1]);
+        nSep = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[argc-1]);
       }else{
         zSep = ",";
         nSep = 1;
       }
       sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, zSep, nSep);
     }
-    zVal = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-    nVal = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
-    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, zVal, nVal);
+    i = 0;
+    do{
+      zVal = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
+      nVal = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[i]);
+      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, zVal, nVal);
+      i++;
+    }while( i<argc-1 );
   }
 }
 static void groupConcatFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
   StrAccum *pAccum;
   pAccum = sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, 0);
@@ -58494,19 +60426,18 @@
     { "sum",    1, 0, 0, sumStep,      sumFinalize    },
     { "total",  1, 0, 0, sumStep,      totalFinalize    },
     { "avg",    1, 0, 0, sumStep,      avgFinalize    },
     { "count",  0, 0, 0, countStep,    countFinalize  },
     { "count",  1, 0, 0, countStep,    countFinalize  },
-    { "group_concat", 1, 0, 0, groupConcatStep, groupConcatFinalize },
-    { "group_concat", 2, 0, 0, groupConcatStep, groupConcatFinalize },
+    { "group_concat", -1, 0, 0, groupConcatStep, groupConcatFinalize },
   };
   int i;
 
   for(i=0; i<sizeof(aFuncs)/sizeof(aFuncs[0]); i++){
     void *pArg;
     u8 argType = aFuncs[i].argType;
-    pArg = (void*)(int)argType;
+    pArg = SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(argType);
     sqlite3CreateFunc(db, aFuncs[i].zName, aFuncs[i].nArg,
         aFuncs[i].eTextRep, pArg, aFuncs[i].xFunc, 0, 0);
     if( aFuncs[i].needCollSeq ){
       FuncDef *pFunc = sqlite3FindFunction(db, aFuncs[i].zName,
           strlen(aFuncs[i].zName), aFuncs[i].nArg, aFuncs[i].eTextRep, 0);
@@ -58520,11 +60451,11 @@
 #endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PARSER
   sqlite3AttachFunctions(db);
 #endif
   for(i=0; i<sizeof(aAggs)/sizeof(aAggs[0]); i++){
-    void *pArg = (void*)(int)aAggs[i].argType;
+    void *pArg = SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(aAggs[i].argType);
     sqlite3CreateFunc(db, aAggs[i].zName, aAggs[i].nArg, SQLITE_UTF8,
         pArg, 0, aAggs[i].xStep, aAggs[i].xFinalize);
     if( aAggs[i].needCollSeq ){
       FuncDef *pFunc = sqlite3FindFunction( db, aAggs[i].zName,
           strlen(aAggs[i].zName), aAggs[i].nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
@@ -58630,11 +60561,11 @@
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
 ** to handle INSERT statements in SQLite.
 **
-** $Id: insert.c,v 1.238 2008/04/28 18:46:43 drh Exp $
+** $Id: insert.c,v 1.247 2008/07/08 23:40:20 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** Set P4 of the most recently inserted opcode to a column affinity
 ** string for index pIdx. A column affinity string has one character
@@ -58792,18 +60723,19 @@
     memId = ++pParse->nMem;
     pParse->nMem++;
     sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iCur, iDb, pDb->pSchema->pSeqTab, OP_OpenRead);
     addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, memId-1, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iCur, addr+8);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iCur, addr+9);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, 0, memId);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, memId-1, addr+7, memId);
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, memId+1);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, 1, memId);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr+8);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr+9);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iCur, addr+2);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, memId);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iCur, 0);
   }
   return memId;
 }
 
@@ -58885,11 +60817,12 @@
 ** NULL and pSelect is a pointer to the select statement used to generate
 ** data for the insert.
 **
 ** The code generated follows one of four templates.  For a simple
 ** select with data coming from a VALUES clause, the code executes
-** once straight down through.  The template looks like this:
+** once straight down through.  Pseudo-code follows (we call this
+** the "1st template"):
 **
 **         open write cursor to <table> and its indices
 **         puts VALUES clause expressions onto the stack
 **         write the resulting record into <table>
 **         cleanup
@@ -58903,11 +60836,11 @@
 ** and there is no WHERE or LIMIT or GROUP BY or ORDER BY clauses, and
 ** if <table2> and <table1> are distinct tables but have identical
 ** schemas, including all the same indices, then a special optimization
 ** is invoked that copies raw records from <table2> over to <table1>.
 ** See the xferOptimization() function for the implementation of this
-** template.  This is the second template.
+** template.  This is the 2nd template.
 **
 **         open a write cursor to <table>
 **         open read cursor on <table2>
 **         transfer all records in <table2> over to <table>
 **         close cursors
@@ -58916,49 +60849,62 @@
 **           open a read cursor on the corresponding <table2> index
 **           transfer all records from the read to the write cursors
 **           close cursors
 **         end foreach
 **
-** The third template is for when the second template does not apply
+** The 3rd template is for when the second template does not apply
 ** and the SELECT clause does not read from <table> at any time.
 ** The generated code follows this template:
 **
+**         EOF <- 0
+**         X <- A
 **         goto B
 **      A: setup for the SELECT
 **         loop over the rows in the SELECT
-**           gosub C
+**           load values into registers R..R+n
+**           yield X
 **         end loop
 **         cleanup after the SELECT
-**         goto D
-**      B: open write cursor to <table> and its indices
+**         EOF <- 1
+**         yield X
 **         goto A
-**      C: insert the select result into <table>
-**         return
+**      B: open write cursor to <table> and its indices
+**      C: yield X
+**         if EOF goto D
+**         insert the select result into <table> from R..R+n
+**         goto C
 **      D: cleanup
 **
-** The fourth template is used if the insert statement takes its
+** The 4th template is used if the insert statement takes its
 ** values from a SELECT but the data is being inserted into a table
 ** that is also read as part of the SELECT.  In the third form,
 ** we have to use a intermediate table to store the results of
 ** the select.  The template is like this:
 **
+**         EOF <- 0
+**         X <- A
 **         goto B
 **      A: setup for the SELECT
 **         loop over the tables in the SELECT
-**           gosub C
+**           load value into register R..R+n
+**           yield X
 **         end loop
 **         cleanup after the SELECT
-**         goto D
-**      C: insert the select result into the intermediate table
-**         return
-**      B: open a cursor to an intermediate table
-**         goto A
-**      D: open write cursor to <table> and its indices
-**         loop over the intermediate table
+**         EOF <- 1
+**         yield X
+**         halt-error
+**      B: open temp table
+**      L: yield X
+**         if EOF goto M
+**         insert row from R..R+n into temp table
+**         goto L
+**      M: open write cursor to <table> and its indices
+**         rewind temp table
+**      C: loop over rows of intermediate table
 **           transfer values form intermediate table into <table>
-**         end the loop
-**         cleanup
+**         end loop
+**      D: cleanup
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
   Parse *pParse,        /* Parser context */
   SrcList *pTabList,    /* Name of table into which we are inserting */
   ExprList *pList,      /* List of values to be inserted */
@@ -58978,14 +60924,14 @@
   int baseCur = 0;      /* VDBE Cursor number for pTab */
   int keyColumn = -1;   /* Column that is the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
   int endOfLoop;        /* Label for the end of the insertion loop */
   int useTempTable = 0; /* Store SELECT results in intermediate table */
   int srcTab = 0;       /* Data comes from this temporary cursor if >=0 */
-  int iCont=0,iBreak=0; /* Beginning and end of the loop over srcTab */
-  int iSelectLoop = 0;  /* Address of code that implements the SELECT */
-  int iCleanup = 0;     /* Address of the cleanup code */
-  int iInsertBlock = 0; /* Address of the subroutine used to insert data */
+  int addrInsTop = 0;   /* Jump to label "D" */
+  int addrCont = 0;     /* Top of insert loop. Label "C" in templates 3 and 4 */
+  int addrSelect = 0;   /* Address of coroutine that implements the SELECT */
+  SelectDest dest;      /* Destination for SELECT on rhs of INSERT */
   int newIdx = -1;      /* Cursor for the NEW pseudo-table */
   int iDb;              /* Index of database holding TABLE */
   Db *pDb;              /* The database containing table being inserted into */
   int appendFlag = 0;   /* True if the insert is likely to be an append */
 
@@ -58995,10 +60941,11 @@
   int regRowCount = 0;  /* Memory cell used for the row counter */
   int regIns;           /* Block of regs holding rowid+data being inserted */
   int regRowid;         /* registers holding insert rowid */
   int regData;          /* register holding first column to insert */
   int regRecord;        /* Holds the assemblied row record */
+  int regEof;           /* Register recording end of SELECT data */
   int *aRegIdx = 0;     /* One register allocated to each index */
 
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
   int isView;                 /* True if attempting to insert into a view */
@@ -59076,10 +61023,12 @@
   **
   **       INSERT INTO <table1> SELECT * FROM <table2>;
   **
   ** Then special optimizations can be applied that make the transfer
   ** very fast and which reduce fragmentation of indices.
+  **
+  ** This is the 2nd template.
   */
   if( pColumn==0 && xferOptimization(pParse, pTab, pSelect, onError, iDb) ){
     assert( !triggers_exist );
     assert( pList==0 );
     goto insert_cleanup;
@@ -59090,79 +61039,107 @@
   ** sqlite_sequence table and store it in memory cell regAutoinc.
   */
   regAutoinc = autoIncBegin(pParse, iDb, pTab);
 
   /* Figure out how many columns of data are supplied.  If the data
-  ** is coming from a SELECT statement, then this step also generates
-  ** all the code to implement the SELECT statement and invoke a subroutine
-  ** to process each row of the result. (Template 2.) If the SELECT
-  ** statement uses the the table that is being inserted into, then the
-  ** subroutine is also coded here.  That subroutine stores the SELECT
-  ** results in a temporary table. (Template 3.)
+  ** is coming from a SELECT statement, then generate a co-routine that
+  ** produces a single row of the SELECT on each invocation.  The
+  ** co-routine is the common header to the 3rd and 4th templates.
   */
   if( pSelect ){
     /* Data is coming from a SELECT.  Generate code to implement that SELECT
-    */
-    SelectDest dest;
-    int rc, iInitCode;
-
-    iInitCode = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0);
-    iSelectLoop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-    iInsertBlock = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-    sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Subroutine, iInsertBlock);
+    ** as a co-routine.  The code is common to both the 3rd and 4th
+    ** templates:
+    **
+    **         EOF <- 0
+    **         X <- A
+    **         goto B
+    **      A: setup for the SELECT
+    **         loop over the tables in the SELECT
+    **           load value into register R..R+n
+    **           yield X
+    **         end loop
+    **         cleanup after the SELECT
+    **         EOF <- 1
+    **         yield X
+    **         halt-error
+    **
+    ** On each invocation of the co-routine, it puts a single row of the
+    ** SELECT result into registers dest.iMem...dest.iMem+dest.nMem-1.
+    ** (These output registers are allocated by sqlite3Select().)  When
+    ** the SELECT completes, it sets the EOF flag stored in regEof.
+    */
+    int rc, j1;
+
+    regEof = ++pParse->nMem;
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regEof);      /* EOF <- 0 */
+    VdbeComment((v, "SELECT eof flag"));
+    sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, ++pParse->nMem);
+    addrSelect = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2;
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, addrSelect-1, dest.iParm);
+    j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0);
+    VdbeComment((v, "Jump over SELECT coroutine"));
 
     /* Resolve the expressions in the SELECT statement and execute it. */
-    rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest, 0, 0, 0);
     if( rc || pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
       goto insert_cleanup;
     }
-
-    regFromSelect = dest.iMem;
-    iCleanup = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iCleanup);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regEof);         /* EOF <- 1 */
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, dest.iParm);   /* yield X */
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_INTERNAL, OE_Abort);
+    VdbeComment((v, "End of SELECT coroutine"));
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);                          /* label B: */
+
+    regFromSelect = dest.iMem;
     assert( pSelect->pEList );
     nColumn = pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
+    assert( dest.nMem==nColumn );
 
     /* Set useTempTable to TRUE if the result of the SELECT statement
-    ** should be written into a temporary table.  Set to FALSE if each
-    ** row of the SELECT can be written directly into the result table.
+    ** should be written into a temporary table (template 4).  Set to
+    ** FALSE if each* row of the SELECT can be written directly into
+    ** the destination table (template 3).
     **
     ** A temp table must be used if the table being updated is also one
     ** of the tables being read by the SELECT statement.  Also use a
     ** temp table in the case of row triggers.
     */
-    if( triggers_exist || readsTable(v, iSelectLoop, iDb, pTab) ){
+    if( triggers_exist || readsTable(v, addrSelect, iDb, pTab) ){
       useTempTable = 1;
     }
 
     if( useTempTable ){
-      /* Generate the subroutine that SELECT calls to process each row of
-      ** the result.  Store the result in a temporary table
-      */
-      int regRec, regRowid;
+      /* Invoke the coroutine to extract information from the SELECT
+      ** and add it to a transient table srcTab.  The code generated
+      ** here is from the 4th template:
+      **
+      **      B: open temp table
+      **      L: yield X
+      **         if EOF goto M
+      **         insert row from R..R+n into temp table
+      **         goto L
+      **      M: ...
+      */
+      int regRec;      /* Register to hold packed record */
+      int regRowid;    /* Register to hold temp table ROWID */
+      int addrTop;     /* Label "L" */
+      int addrIf;      /* Address of jump to M */
 
       srcTab = pParse->nTab++;
       regRec = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
       regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iInsertBlock);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, srcTab, nColumn);
+      addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, dest.iParm);
+      addrIf = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, regEof);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regFromSelect, nColumn, regRec);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, srcTab, regRowid);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, srcTab, regRec, regRowid);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Return, 0, 0);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrTop);
+      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIf);
       sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRec);
       sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRowid);
-
-      /* The following code runs first because the GOTO at the very top
-      ** of the program jumps to it.  Create the temporary table, then jump
-      ** back up and execute the SELECT code above.
-      */
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iInitCode);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, srcTab, nColumn);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iSelectLoop);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCleanup);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iInitCode);
     }
   }else{
     /* This is the case if the data for the INSERT is coming from a VALUES
     ** clause
     */
@@ -59272,22 +61249,35 @@
     for(i=0; i<nIdx; i++){
       aRegIdx[i] = ++pParse->nMem;
     }
   }
 
-  /* If the data source is a temporary table, then we have to create
-  ** a loop because there might be multiple rows of data.  If the data
-  ** source is a subroutine call from the SELECT statement, then we need
-  ** to launch the SELECT statement processing.
-  */
+  /* This is the top of the main insertion loop */
   if( useTempTable ){
-    iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, srcTab, iBreak);
-    iCont = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+    /* This block codes the top of loop only.  The complete loop is the
+    ** following pseudocode (template 4):
+    **
+    **         rewind temp table
+    **      C: loop over rows of intermediate table
+    **           transfer values form intermediate table into <table>
+    **         end loop
+    **      D: ...
+    */
+    addrInsTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, srcTab);
+    addrCont = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
   }else if( pSelect ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iSelectLoop);
-    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iInsertBlock);
+    /* This block codes the top of loop only.  The complete loop is the
+    ** following pseudocode (template 3):
+    **
+    **      C: yield X
+    **         if EOF goto D
+    **         insert the select result into <table> from R..R+n
+    **         goto C
+    **      D: ...
+    */
+    addrCont = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, dest.iParm);
+    addrInsTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, regEof);
   }
 
   /* Allocate registers for holding the rowid of the new row,
   ** the content of the new row, and the assemblied row record.
   */
@@ -59394,11 +61384,11 @@
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regFromSelect+keyColumn, regRowid);
       }else{
         VdbeOp *pOp;
         sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[keyColumn].pExpr, regRowid);
         pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) - 1);
-        if( pOp && pOp->opcode==OP_Null ){
+        if( pOp && pOp->opcode==OP_Null && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
           appendFlag = 1;
           pOp->opcode = OP_NewRowid;
           pOp->p1 = baseCur;
           pOp->p2 = regRowid;
           pOp->p3 = regAutoinc;
@@ -59407,13 +61397,18 @@
       /* If the PRIMARY KEY expression is NULL, then use OP_NewRowid
       ** to generate a unique primary key value.
       */
       if( !appendFlag ){
         int j1;
-        j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, regRowid);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NewRowid, baseCur, regRowid, regAutoinc);
-        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
+        if( !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+          j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, regRowid);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NewRowid, baseCur, regRowid, regAutoinc);
+          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
+        }else{
+          j1 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regRowid, j1+2);
+        }
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, regRowid);
       }
     }else if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regRowid);
     }else{
@@ -59508,27 +61503,28 @@
           newIdx, -1, onError, endOfLoop, 0, 0) ){
       goto insert_cleanup;
     }
   }
 
-  /* The bottom of the loop, if the data source is a SELECT statement
+  /* The bottom of the main insertion loop, if the data source
+  ** is a SELECT statement.
   */
   sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endOfLoop);
   if( useTempTable ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, srcTab, iCont);
-    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iBreak);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, srcTab, 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, srcTab, addrCont);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrInsTop);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, srcTab);
   }else if( pSelect ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Return, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCleanup);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrCont);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrInsTop);
   }
 
   if( !IsVirtual(pTab) && !isView ){
     /* Close all tables opened */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, baseCur, 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, baseCur);
     for(idx=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, idx++){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, idx+baseCur, 0);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, idx+baseCur);
     }
   }
 
   /* Update the sqlite_sequence table by storing the content of the
   ** counter value in memory regAutoinc back into the sqlite_sequence
@@ -59682,14 +61678,14 @@
         || onError==OE_Ignore || onError==OE_Replace );
     switch( onError ){
       case OE_Rollback:
       case OE_Abort:
       case OE_Fail: {
-        char *zMsg = 0;
+        char *zMsg;
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, onError);
-        sqlite3SetString(&zMsg, pTab->zName, ".", pTab->aCol[i].zName,
-                        " may not be NULL", (char*)0);
+        zMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(pParse->db, "%s.%s may not be NULL",
+                              pTab->zName, pTab->aCol[i].zName);
         sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, zMsg, P4_DYNAMIC);
         break;
       }
       case OE_Ignore: {
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, ignoreDest);
@@ -59810,11 +61806,11 @@
     /* Check to see if the new index entry will be unique */
     j2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IsNull, regIdx, 0, pIdx->nColumn);
     regR = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regRowid-hasTwoRowids, regR);
     j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_IsUnique, baseCur+iCur+1, 0,
-                           regR, (char*)aRegIdx[iCur],
+                           regR, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(aRegIdx[iCur]),
                            P4_INT32);
 
     /* Generate code that executes if the new index entry is not unique */
     assert( onError==OE_Rollback || onError==OE_Abort || onError==OE_Fail
         || onError==OE_Ignore || onError==OE_Replace );
@@ -60305,11 +62301,11 @@
 ** Main file for the SQLite library.  The routines in this file
 ** implement the programmer interface to the library.  Routines in
 ** other files are for internal use by SQLite and should not be
 ** accessed by users of the library.
 **
-** $Id: legacy.c,v 1.24 2008/03/21 18:01:14 drh Exp $
+** $Id: legacy.c,v 1.27 2008/06/15 02:51:47 drh Exp $
 */
 
 
 /*
 ** Execute SQL code.  Return one of the SQLITE_ success/failure
@@ -60334,13 +62330,14 @@
   char **azCols = 0;
 
   int nRetry = 0;
   int nCallback;
 
-  if( zSql==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
-
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
+  if( zSql==0 ) zSql = "";
+
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
+  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK, 0);
   while( (rc==SQLITE_OK || (rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA && (++nRetry)<2)) && zSql[0] ){
     int nCol;
     char **azVals = 0;
 
     pStmt = 0;
@@ -60391,10 +62388,13 @@
             }
           }
         }
         if( xCallback(pArg, nCol, azVals, azCols) ){
           rc = SQLITE_ABORT;
+          sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+          pStmt = 0;
+          sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_ABORT, 0);
           goto exec_out;
         }
       }
 
       if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
@@ -60418,11 +62418,11 @@
   if( azCols ) sqlite3_free(azCols);
 
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc==sqlite3_errcode(db) && pzErrMsg ){
     int nErrMsg = 1 + strlen(sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-    *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_malloc(nErrMsg);
+    *pzErrMsg = sqlite3Malloc(nErrMsg);
     if( *pzErrMsg ){
       memcpy(*pzErrMsg, sqlite3_errmsg(db), nErrMsg);
     }
   }else if( pzErrMsg ){
     *pzErrMsg = 0;
@@ -60446,10 +62446,12 @@
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains code used to dynamically load extensions into
 ** the SQLite library.
+**
+** $Id: loadext.c,v 1.51 2008/07/08 14:17:35 danielk1977 Exp $
 */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_CORE
   #define SQLITE_CORE 1  /* Disable the API redefinition in sqlite3ext.h */
 #endif
@@ -60470,11 +62472,11 @@
 ** shared libraries that want to be imported as extensions into
 ** an SQLite instance.  Shared libraries that intend to be loaded
 ** as extensions by SQLite should #include this file instead of
 ** sqlite3.h.
 **
-** @(#) $Id: sqlite3ext.h,v 1.21 2008/03/19 21:45:51 drh Exp $
+** @(#) $Id: sqlite3ext.h,v 1.24 2008/06/30 15:09:29 danielk1977 Exp $
 */
 #ifndef _SQLITE3EXT_H_
 #define _SQLITE3EXT_H_
 
 typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
@@ -60532,11 +62534,11 @@
   sqlite3_value* (*column_value)(sqlite3_stmt*,int iCol);
   void * (*commit_hook)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*),void*);
   int  (*complete)(const char*sql);
   int  (*complete16)(const void*sql);
   int  (*create_collation)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,void*,int(*)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*));
-  int  (*create_collation16)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,void*,int(*)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*));
+  int  (*create_collation16)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,void*,int(*)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*));
   int  (*create_function)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,void*,void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*));
   int  (*create_function16)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,int,void*,void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*));
   int (*create_module)(sqlite3*,const char*,const sqlite3_module*,void*);
   int  (*data_count)(sqlite3_stmt*pStmt);
   sqlite3 * (*db_handle)(sqlite3_stmt*);
@@ -60642,10 +62644,15 @@
   void (*result_zeroblob)(sqlite3_context*,int);
   void (*result_error_code)(sqlite3_context*,int);
   int (*test_control)(int, ...);
   void (*randomness)(int,void*);
   sqlite3 *(*context_db_handle)(sqlite3_context*);
+  int (*extended_result_codes)(sqlite3*,int);
+  int (*limit)(sqlite3*,int,int);
+  sqlite3_stmt *(*next_stmt)(sqlite3*,sqlite3_stmt*);
+  const char *(*sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  int (*status)(int,int*,int*,int);
 };
 
 /*
 ** The following macros redefine the API routines so that they are
 ** redirected throught the global sqlite3_api structure.
@@ -60808,13 +62815,18 @@
 #define sqlite3_result_zeroblob        sqlite3_api->result_zeroblob
 #define sqlite3_result_error_code      sqlite3_api->result_error_code
 #define sqlite3_test_control           sqlite3_api->test_control
 #define sqlite3_randomness             sqlite3_api->randomness
 #define sqlite3_context_db_handle      sqlite3_api->context_db_handle
+#define sqlite3_extended_result_codes  sqlite3_api->extended_result_codes
+#define sqlite3_limit                  sqlite3_api->limit
+#define sqlite3_next_stmt              sqlite3_api->next_stmt
+#define sqlite3_sql                    sqlite3_api->sql
+#define sqlite3_status                 sqlite3_api->status
 #endif /* SQLITE_CORE */
 
-#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api;
+#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api = 0;
 #define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(v)  sqlite3_api = v;
 
 #endif /* _SQLITE3EXT_H_ */
 
 /************** End of sqlite3ext.h ******************************************/
@@ -61100,10 +63112,19 @@
   sqlite3_result_zeroblob,
   sqlite3_result_error_code,
   sqlite3_test_control,
   sqlite3_randomness,
   sqlite3_context_db_handle,
+
+  /*
+  ** Added for 3.6.0
+  */
+  sqlite3_extended_result_codes,
+  sqlite3_limit,
+  sqlite3_next_stmt,
+  sqlite3_sql,
+  sqlite3_status,
 };
 
 /*
 ** Attempt to load an SQLite extension library contained in the file
 ** zFile.  The entry point is zProc.  zProc may be 0 in which case a
@@ -61264,48 +63285,61 @@
 /*
 ** Register a statically linked extension that is automatically
 ** loaded by every new database connection.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void *xInit){
-  int i;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  rc = sqlite3_initialize();
+  if( rc ){
+    return rc;
+  }else
+#endif
+  {
+    int i;
 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-#endif
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
-  for(i=0; i<autoext.nExt; i++){
-    if( autoext.aExt[i]==xInit ) break;
-  }
-  if( i==autoext.nExt ){
-    int nByte = (autoext.nExt+1)*sizeof(autoext.aExt[0]);
-    void **aNew;
-    aNew = sqlite3_realloc(autoext.aExt, nByte);
-    if( aNew==0 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      autoext.aExt = aNew;
-      autoext.aExt[autoext.nExt] = xInit;
-      autoext.nExt++;
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
-  assert( (rc&0xff)==rc );
-  return rc;
+    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+#endif
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
+    for(i=0; i<autoext.nExt; i++){
+      if( autoext.aExt[i]==xInit ) break;
+    }
+    if( i==autoext.nExt ){
+      int nByte = (autoext.nExt+1)*sizeof(autoext.aExt[0]);
+      void **aNew;
+      aNew = sqlite3_realloc(autoext.aExt, nByte);
+      if( aNew==0 ){
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }else{
+        autoext.aExt = aNew;
+        autoext.aExt[autoext.nExt] = xInit;
+        autoext.nExt++;
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
+    assert( (rc&0xff)==rc );
+    return rc;
+  }
 }
 
 /*
 ** Reset the automatic extension loading mechanism.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  if( sqlite3_initialize()==SQLITE_OK )
+#endif
+  {
 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
-#endif
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
-  sqlite3_free(autoext.aExt);
-  autoext.aExt = 0;
-  autoext.nExt = 0;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
+    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+#endif
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
+    sqlite3_free(autoext.aExt);
+    autoext.aExt = 0;
+    autoext.nExt = 0;
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
+  }
 }
 
 /*
 ** Load all automatic extensions.
 */
@@ -61320,11 +63354,11 @@
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
   for(i=0; go; i++){
     char *zErrmsg = 0;
 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
-    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
 #endif
     sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
     if( i>=autoext.nExt ){
       xInit = 0;
       go = 0;
@@ -61357,11 +63391,11 @@
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains code used to implement the PRAGMA command.
 **
-** $Id: pragma.c,v 1.176 2008/04/17 20:59:38 drh Exp $
+** $Id: pragma.c,v 1.182 2008/07/08 07:35:52 danielk1977 Exp $
 */
 
 /* Ignore this whole file if pragmas are disabled
 */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PARSER)
@@ -61455,11 +63489,11 @@
 ** from default, or when 'file' and the temp_store_directory has changed
 */
 static int invalidateTempStorage(Parse *pParse){
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   if( db->aDb[1].pBt!=0 ){
-    if( !db->autoCommit ){
+    if( !db->autoCommit || sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(db->aDb[1].pBt) ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "temporary storage cannot be changed "
         "from within a transaction");
       return SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
     sqlite3BtreeClose(db->aDb[1].pBt);
@@ -61471,11 +63505,11 @@
 #endif /* SQLITE_PAGER_PRAGMAS */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
 /*
 ** If the TEMP database is open, close it and mark the database schema
-** as needing reloading.  This must be done when using the TEMP_STORE
+** as needing reloading.  This must be done when using the SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
 ** or DEFAULT_TEMP_STORE pragmas.
 */
 static int changeTempStorage(Parse *pParse, const char *zStorageType){
   int ts = getTempStore(zStorageType);
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
@@ -61723,10 +63757,28 @@
     }
     returnSingleInt(pParse, "max_page_count", newMax);
   }else
 
   /*
+  **  PRAGMA [database.]page_count
+  **
+  ** Return the number of pages in the specified database.
+  */
+  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"page_count")==0 ){
+    Vdbe *v;
+    int iReg;
+    v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+    if( !v || sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
+    sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
+    iReg = ++pParse->nMem;
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Pagecount, iDb, iReg);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, iReg, 1);
+    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
+    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "page_count", P4_STATIC);
+  }else
+
+  /*
   **  PRAGMA [database.]locking_mode
   **  PRAGMA [database.]locking_mode = (normal|exclusive)
   */
   if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"locking_mode")==0 ){
     const char *zRet = "normal";
@@ -61787,11 +63839,11 @@
       while( eMode>=0 && sqlite3StrNICmp(zRight, azModeName[eMode], n)!=0 ){
         eMode--;
       }
     }
     if( pId2->n==0 && eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY ){
-      /* Simple "PRAGMA persistent_journal;" statement. This is a query for
+      /* Simple "PRAGMA journal_mode;" statement. This is a query for
       ** the current default journal mode (which may be different to
       ** the journal-mode of the main database).
       */
       eMode = db->dfltJournalMode;
     }else{
@@ -61825,10 +63877,31 @@
     sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "journal_mode", P4_STATIC);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 1, 0,
            azModeName[eMode], P4_STATIC);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 1);
   }else
+
+  /*
+  **  PRAGMA [database.]journal_size_limit
+  **  PRAGMA [database.]journal_size_limit=N
+  **
+  ** Get or set the (boolean) value of the database 'auto-vacuum' parameter.
+  */
+  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft,"journal_size_limit")==0 ){
+    Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pDb->pBt);
+    i64 iLimit = -2;
+    if( zRight ){
+      int iLimit32 = atoi(zRight);
+      if( iLimit32<-1 ){
+        iLimit32 = -1;
+      }
+      iLimit = iLimit32;
+    }
+    iLimit = sqlite3PagerJournalSizeLimit(pPager, iLimit);
+    returnSingleInt(pParse, "journal_size_limit", (int)iLimit);
+  }else
+
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS */
 
   /*
   **  PRAGMA [database.]auto_vacuum
   **  PRAGMA [database.]auto_vacuum=N
@@ -61971,19 +64044,21 @@
             "temp_store_directory", P4_STATIC);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 1, 0, sqlite3_temp_directory, 0);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 1);
       }
     }else{
-      if( zRight[0]
-       && sqlite3OsAccess(db->pVfs, zRight, SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE)==0
-      ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "not a writable directory");
-        goto pragma_out;
-      }
-      if( TEMP_STORE==0
-       || (TEMP_STORE==1 && db->temp_store<=1)
-       || (TEMP_STORE==2 && db->temp_store==1)
+      if( zRight[0] ){
+        int res;
+        sqlite3OsAccess(db->pVfs, zRight, SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, &res);
+        if( res==0 ){
+          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "not a writable directory");
+          goto pragma_out;
+        }
+      }
+      if( SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==0
+       || (SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==1 && db->temp_store<=1)
+       || (SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==2 && db->temp_store==1)
       ){
         invalidateTempStorage(pParse);
       }
       sqlite3_free(sqlite3_temp_directory);
       if( zRight[0] ){
@@ -62307,11 +64382,11 @@
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, i);
       addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, 2);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0,
          sqlite3MPrintf(db, "*** in database %s ***\n", db->aDb[i].zName),
          P4_DYNAMIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Move, 2, 4);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Move, 2, 4, 1);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 2);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 2, 1);
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
 
       /* Make sure all the indices are constructed correctly.
@@ -62649,11 +64724,11 @@
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains the implementation of the sqlite3_prepare()
 ** interface, and routines that contribute to loading the database schema
 ** from disk.
 **
-** $Id: prepare.c,v 1.83 2008/04/03 14:36:26 danielk1977 Exp $
+** $Id: prepare.c,v 1.89 2008/07/08 19:34:07 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** Fill the InitData structure with an error message that indicates
 ** that the database is corrupt.
@@ -62663,12 +64738,16 @@
   const char *zObj,    /* Object being parsed at the point of error */
   const char *zExtra   /* Error information */
 ){
   if( !pData->db->mallocFailed ){
     if( zObj==0 ) zObj = "?";
-    sqlite3SetString(pData->pzErrMsg, "malformed database schema (",  zObj, ")",
-       zExtra!=0 && zExtra[0]!=0 ? " - " : (char*)0, zExtra, (char*)0);
+    sqlite3SetString(pData->pzErrMsg, pData->db,
+       "malformed database schema (%s)", zObj);
+    if( zExtra && zExtra[0] ){
+      *pData->pzErrMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(pData->db, "%z - %s",
+                                  *pData->pzErrMsg, zExtra);
+    }
   }
   pData->rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -62849,11 +64928,11 @@
     goto error_out;
   }
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(pDb->pBt);
   rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pDb->pBt, MASTER_ROOT, 0, 0, curMain);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_EMPTY ){
-    sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, sqlite3ErrStr(rc), (char*)0);
+    sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
     goto leave_error_out;
   }
 
   /* Get the database meta information.
   **
@@ -62876,11 +64955,11 @@
     int i;
     for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<sizeof(meta)/sizeof(meta[0]); i++){
       rc = sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(pDb->pBt, i+1, (u32 *)&meta[i]);
     }
     if( rc ){
-      sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, sqlite3ErrStr(rc), (char*)0);
+      sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
       goto leave_error_out;
     }
   }else{
     memset(meta, 0, sizeof(meta));
   }
@@ -62897,26 +64976,28 @@
       ENC(db) = (u8)meta[4];
       db->pDfltColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, SQLITE_UTF8, "BINARY", 6, 0);
     }else{
       /* If opening an attached database, the encoding much match ENC(db) */
       if( meta[4]!=ENC(db) ){
-        sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, "attached databases must use the same"
-            " text encoding as main database", (char*)0);
+        sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "attached databases must use the same"
+            " text encoding as main database");
         rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
         goto leave_error_out;
       }
     }
   }else{
     DbSetProperty(db, iDb, DB_Empty);
   }
   pDb->pSchema->enc = ENC(db);
 
-  size = meta[2];
-  if( size==0 ){ size = SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE; }
-  if( size<0 ) size = -size;
-  pDb->pSchema->cache_size = size;
-  sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(pDb->pBt, pDb->pSchema->cache_size);
+  if( pDb->pSchema->cache_size==0 ){
+    size = meta[2];
+    if( size==0 ){ size = SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE; }
+    if( size<0 ) size = -size;
+    pDb->pSchema->cache_size = size;
+    sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(pDb->pBt, pDb->pSchema->cache_size);
+  }
 
   /*
   ** file_format==1    Version 3.0.0.
   ** file_format==2    Version 3.1.3.  // ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN
   ** file_format==3    Version 3.1.4.  // ditto but with non-NULL defaults
@@ -62925,11 +65006,11 @@
   pDb->pSchema->file_format = meta[1];
   if( pDb->pSchema->file_format==0 ){
     pDb->pSchema->file_format = 1;
   }
   if( pDb->pSchema->file_format>SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT ){
-    sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, "unsupported file format", (char*)0);
+    sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "unsupported file format");
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     goto leave_error_out;
   }
 
   /* Ticket #2804:  When we open a database in the newer file format,
@@ -62972,11 +65053,10 @@
       sqlite3AnalysisLoad(db, iDb);
     }
 #endif
   }
   if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    /* sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, "out of memory", (char*)0); */
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK || (db->flags&SQLITE_RecoveryMode)){
     /* Black magic: If the SQLITE_RecoveryMode flag is set, then consider
@@ -63082,11 +65162,11 @@
   int rc;
   BtCursor *curTemp;
   int cookie;
   int allOk = 1;
 
-  curTemp = (BtCursor *)sqlite3_malloc(sqlite3BtreeCursorSize());
+  curTemp = (BtCursor *)sqlite3Malloc(sqlite3BtreeCursorSize());
   if( curTemp ){
     assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
     for(iDb=0; allOk && iDb<db->nDb; iDb++){
       Btree *pBt;
       pBt = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
@@ -63179,24 +65259,24 @@
       rc = sqlite3BtreeSchemaLocked(pBt);
       if( rc ){
         const char *zDb = db->aDb[i].zName;
         sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_LOCKED, "database schema is locked: %s", zDb);
         (void)sqlite3SafetyOff(db);
-        return SQLITE_LOCKED;
+        return sqlite3ApiExit(db, SQLITE_LOCKED);
       }
     }
   }
 
   memset(&sParse, 0, sizeof(sParse));
   sParse.db = db;
-  if( nBytes>=0 && zSql[nBytes-1]!=0 ){
+  if( nBytes>=0 && (nBytes==0 || zSql[nBytes-1]!=0) ){
     char *zSqlCopy;
     int mxLen = db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH];
     if( nBytes>mxLen ){
       sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_TOOBIG, "statement too long");
       (void)sqlite3SafetyOff(db);
-      return SQLITE_TOOBIG;
+      return sqlite3ApiExit(db, SQLITE_TOOBIG);
     }
     zSqlCopy = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, zSql, nBytes);
     if( zSqlCopy ){
       sqlite3RunParser(&sParse, zSqlCopy, &zErrMsg);
       sqlite3_free(zSqlCopy);
@@ -63453,11 +65533,11 @@
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
 ** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
 **
-** $Id: select.c,v 1.429 2008/05/01 17:03:49 drh Exp $
+** $Id: select.c,v 1.456 2008/07/15 00:27:35 drh Exp $
 */
 
 
 /*
 ** Delete all the content of a Select structure but do not deallocate
@@ -63524,12 +65604,10 @@
   pNew->isDistinct = isDistinct;
   pNew->op = TK_SELECT;
   assert( pOffset==0 || pLimit!=0 );
   pNew->pLimit = pLimit;
   pNew->pOffset = pOffset;
-  pNew->iLimit = -1;
-  pNew->iOffset = -1;
   pNew->addrOpenEphm[0] = -1;
   pNew->addrOpenEphm[1] = -1;
   pNew->addrOpenEphm[2] = -1;
   if( pNew==&standin) {
     clearSelect(pNew);
@@ -63602,16 +65680,15 @@
   }
   if(
      (jointype & (JT_INNER|JT_OUTER))==(JT_INNER|JT_OUTER) ||
      (jointype & JT_ERROR)!=0
   ){
-    const char *zSp1 = " ";
-    const char *zSp2 = " ";
-    if( pB==0 ){ zSp1++; }
-    if( pC==0 ){ zSp2++; }
+    const char *zSp = " ";
+    assert( pB!=0 );
+    if( pC==0 ){ zSp++; }
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown or unsupported join type: "
-       "%T%s%T%s%T", pA, zSp1, pB, zSp2, pC);
+       "%T %T%s%T", pA, pB, zSp, pC);
     jointype = JT_INNER;
   }else if( jointype & JT_RIGHT ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
       "RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOINs are not currently supported");
     jointype = JT_INNER;
@@ -63864,19 +65941,19 @@
   int nExpr = pOrderBy->nExpr;
   int regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nExpr+2);
   int regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
   sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pOrderBy, regBase, 0);
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, pOrderBy->iECursor, regBase+nExpr);
-  sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regData, regBase+nExpr+1);
+  sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regData, regBase+nExpr+1, 1);
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase, nExpr + 2, regRecord);
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, pOrderBy->iECursor, regRecord);
   sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
   sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regBase, nExpr+2);
-  if( pSelect->iLimit>=0 ){
+  if( pSelect->iLimit ){
     int addr1, addr2;
     int iLimit;
-    if( pSelect->pOffset ){
+    if( pSelect->iOffset ){
       iLimit = pSelect->iOffset+1;
     }else{
       iLimit = pSelect->iLimit;
     }
     addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfZero, iLimit);
@@ -63884,11 +65961,11 @@
     addr2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
     sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Last, pOrderBy->iECursor);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Delete, pOrderBy->iECursor);
     sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr2);
-    pSelect->iLimit = -1;
+    pSelect->iLimit = 0;
   }
 }
 
 /*
 ** Add code to implement the OFFSET
@@ -63896,11 +65973,11 @@
 static void codeOffset(
   Vdbe *v,          /* Generate code into this VM */
   Select *p,        /* The SELECT statement being coded */
   int iContinue     /* Jump here to skip the current record */
 ){
-  if( p->iOffset>=0 && iContinue!=0 ){
+  if( p->iOffset && iContinue!=0 ){
     int addr;
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, p->iOffset, -1);
     addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNeg, p->iOffset);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iContinue);
     VdbeComment((v, "skip OFFSET records"));
@@ -63973,12 +66050,11 @@
   int nColumn,            /* Number of columns in the source table */
   ExprList *pOrderBy,     /* If not NULL, sort results using this key */
   int distinct,           /* If >=0, make sure results are distinct */
   SelectDest *pDest,      /* How to dispose of the results */
   int iContinue,          /* Jump here to continue with next row */
-  int iBreak,             /* Jump here to break out of the inner loop */
-  char *aff               /* affinity string if eDest is SRT_Union */
+  int iBreak              /* Jump here to break out of the inner loop */
 ){
   Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
   int i;
   int hasDistinct;        /* True if the DISTINCT keyword is present */
   int regResult;              /* Start of memory holding result set */
@@ -63986,15 +66062,11 @@
   int iParm = pDest->iParm;   /* First argument to disposal method */
   int nResultCol;             /* Number of result columns */
 
   if( v==0 ) return;
   assert( pEList!=0 );
-
-  /* If there was a LIMIT clause on the SELECT statement, then do the check
-  ** to see if this row should be output.
-  */
-  hasDistinct = distinct>=0 && pEList->nExpr>0;
+  hasDistinct = distinct>=0;
   if( pOrderBy==0 && !hasDistinct ){
     codeOffset(v, p, iContinue);
   }
 
   /* Pull the requested columns.
@@ -64003,12 +66075,13 @@
     nResultCol = nColumn;
   }else{
     nResultCol = pEList->nExpr;
   }
   if( pDest->iMem==0 ){
-    pDest->iMem = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nResultCol);
+    pDest->iMem = pParse->nMem+1;
     pDest->nMem = nResultCol;
+    pParse->nMem += nResultCol;
   }else if( pDest->nMem!=nResultCol ){
     /* This happens when two SELECTs of a compound SELECT have differing
     ** numbers of result columns.  The error message will be generated by
     ** a higher-level routine. */
     return;
@@ -64050,13 +66123,10 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
     case SRT_Union: {
       int r1;
       r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nColumn, r1);
-      if( aff ){
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, aff, P4_STATIC);
-      }
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1);
       sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
       break;
     }
 
@@ -64093,14 +66163,11 @@
     /* If we are creating a set for an "expr IN (SELECT ...)" construct,
     ** then there should be a single item on the stack.  Write this
     ** item into the set table with bogus data.
     */
     case SRT_Set: {
-      int addr2;
-
-      assert( nColumn==1 );
-      addr2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, regResult);
+      assert( nColumn==1 );
       p->affinity = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pEList->a[0].pExpr, pDest->affinity);
       if( pOrderBy ){
         /* At first glance you would think we could optimize out the
         ** ORDER BY in this case since the order of entries in the set
         ** does not matter.  But there might be a LIMIT clause, in which
@@ -64111,11 +66178,10 @@
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, 1, r1, &p->affinity, 1);
         sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, 1);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1);
         sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
       }
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr2);
       break;
     }
 
     /* If any row exist in the result set, record that fact and abort.
     */
@@ -64132,11 +66198,11 @@
     case SRT_Mem: {
       assert( nColumn==1 );
       if( pOrderBy ){
         pushOntoSorter(pParse, pOrderBy, p, regResult);
       }else{
-        sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regResult, iParm);
+        sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regResult, iParm, 1);
         /* The LIMIT clause will jump out of the loop for us */
       }
       break;
     }
 #endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */
@@ -64143,19 +66209,19 @@
 
     /* Send the data to the callback function or to a subroutine.  In the
     ** case of a subroutine, the subroutine itself is responsible for
     ** popping the data from the stack.
     */
-    case SRT_Subroutine:
+    case SRT_Coroutine:
     case SRT_Callback: {
       if( pOrderBy ){
         int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nColumn, r1);
         pushOntoSorter(pParse, pOrderBy, p, r1);
         sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-      }else if( eDest==SRT_Subroutine ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, 0, iParm);
+      }else if( eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iParm);
       }else{
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regResult, nColumn);
         sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, nColumn);
       }
       break;
@@ -64174,11 +66240,13 @@
 #endif
   }
 
   /* Jump to the end of the loop if the LIMIT is reached.
   */
-  if( p->iLimit>=0 && pOrderBy==0 ){
+  if( p->iLimit ){
+    assert( pOrderBy==0 );  /* If there is an ORDER BY, the call to
+                            ** pushOntoSorter() would have cleared p->iLimit */
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, p->iLimit, -1);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfZero, p->iLimit, iBreak);
   }
 }
 
@@ -64249,11 +66317,11 @@
 
   int regRow;
   int regRowid;
 
   iTab = pOrderBy->iECursor;
-  if( eDest==SRT_Callback || eDest==SRT_Subroutine ){
+  if( eDest==SRT_Callback || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
     pseudoTab = pParse->nTab++;
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SetNumColumns, 0, nColumn);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenPseudo, pseudoTab, eDest==SRT_Callback);
   }
   addr = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sort, iTab, brk);
@@ -64269,28 +66337,25 @@
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
       break;
     }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
     case SRT_Set: {
-      int j1;
-      assert( nColumn==1 );
-      j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, regRow);
+      assert( nColumn==1 );
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regRow, 1, regRowid, &p->affinity, 1);
       sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regRow, 1);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, regRowid);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
       break;
     }
     case SRT_Mem: {
       assert( nColumn==1 );
-      sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regRow, iParm);
+      sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regRow, iParm, 1);
       /* The LIMIT clause will terminate the loop for us */
       break;
     }
 #endif
     case SRT_Callback:
-    case SRT_Subroutine: {
+    case SRT_Coroutine: {
       int i;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regRowid);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, pseudoTab, regRow, regRowid);
       for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
         assert( regRow!=pDest->iMem+i );
@@ -64298,11 +66363,11 @@
       }
       if( eDest==SRT_Callback ){
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, pDest->iMem, nColumn);
         sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, pDest->iMem, nColumn);
       }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, 0, iParm);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iParm);
       }
       break;
     }
     default: {
       /* Do nothing */
@@ -64310,23 +66375,20 @@
     }
   }
   sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRow);
   sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRowid);
 
-  /* Jump to the end of the loop when the LIMIT is reached
-  */
-  if( p->iLimit>=0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, p->iLimit, -1);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfZero, p->iLimit, brk);
-  }
+  /* LIMIT has been implemented by the pushOntoSorter() routine.
+  */
+  assert( p->iLimit==0 );
 
   /* The bottom of the loop
   */
   sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, cont);
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iTab, addr);
   sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, brk);
-  if( eDest==SRT_Callback || eDest==SRT_Subroutine ){
+  if( eDest==SRT_Callback || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, pseudoTab, 0);
   }
 
 }
 
@@ -64535,13 +66597,11 @@
     p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
     if( p==0 ) continue;
     if( pEList->a[i].zName ){
       char *zName = pEList->a[i].zName;
       sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, zName, strlen(zName));
-      continue;
-    }
-    if( p->op==TK_COLUMN && pTabList ){
+    }else if( p->op==TK_COLUMN && pTabList ){
       Table *pTab;
       char *zCol;
       int iCol = p->iColumn;
       for(j=0; j<pTabList->nSrc && pTabList->a[j].iCursor!=p->iTable; j++){}
       assert( j<pTabList->nSrc );
@@ -64551,31 +66611,25 @@
       if( iCol<0 ){
         zCol = "rowid";
       }else{
         zCol = pTab->aCol[iCol].zName;
       }
-      if( !shortNames && !fullNames && p->span.z && p->span.z[0] ){
+      if( !shortNames && !fullNames ){
         sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, (char*)p->span.z, p->span.n);
       }else if( fullNames || (!shortNames && pTabList->nSrc>1) ){
         char *zName = 0;
         char *zTab;
 
         zTab = pTabList->a[j].zAlias;
         if( fullNames || zTab==0 ) zTab = pTab->zName;
-        sqlite3SetString(&zName, zTab, ".", zCol, (char*)0);
+        zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s.%s", zTab, zCol);
         sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, zName, P4_DYNAMIC);
       }else{
         sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, zCol, strlen(zCol));
       }
-    }else if( p->span.z && p->span.z[0] ){
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, (char*)p->span.z, p->span.n);
-      /* sqlite3VdbeCompressSpace(v, addr); */
-    }else{
-      char zName[30];
-      assert( p->op!=TK_COLUMN || pTabList==0 );
-      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zName), zName, "column%d", i+1);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, zName, 0);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, (char*)p->span.z, p->span.n);
     }
   }
   generateColumnTypes(pParse, pTabList, pEList);
 }
 
@@ -64609,10 +66663,14 @@
   int i, j;
   ExprList *pEList;
   Column *aCol, *pCol;
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
 
+  if( sqlite3SelectResolve(pParse, pSelect, 0) ){
+    return 0;
+  }
+
   while( pSelect->pPrior ) pSelect = pSelect->pPrior;
   if( prepSelectStmt(pParse, pSelect) ){
     return 0;
   }
   if( sqlite3SelectResolve(pParse, pSelect, 0) ){
@@ -64627,11 +66685,11 @@
   pEList = pSelect->pEList;
   pTab->nCol = pEList->nExpr;
   assert( pTab->nCol>0 );
   pTab->aCol = aCol = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(pTab->aCol[0])*pTab->nCol);
   for(i=0, pCol=aCol; i<pTab->nCol; i++, pCol++){
-    Expr *p, *pR;
+    Expr *p;
     char *zType;
     char *zName;
     int nName;
     CollSeq *pColl;
     int cnt;
@@ -64642,20 +66700,18 @@
     p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
     assert( p->pRight==0 || p->pRight->token.z==0 || p->pRight->token.z[0]!=0 );
     if( (zName = pEList->a[i].zName)!=0 ){
       /* If the column contains an "AS <name>" phrase, use <name> as the name */
       zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
-    }else if( p->op==TK_DOT
-              && (pR=p->pRight)!=0 && pR->token.z && pR->token.z[0] ){
-      /* For columns of the from A.B use B as the name */
-      zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%T", &pR->token);
-    }else if( p->span.z && p->span.z[0] ){
+    }else if( p->op==TK_COLUMN && p->pTab ){
+      /* For columns use the column name name */
+      int iCol = p->iColumn;
+      if( iCol<0 ) iCol = p->pTab->iPKey;
+      zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s", p->pTab->aCol[iCol].zName);
+    }else{
       /* Use the original text of the column expression as its name */
       zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%T", &p->span);
-    }else{
-      /* If all else fails, make up a name */
-      zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "column%d", i+1);
     }
     if( !zName || db->mallocFailed ){
       db->mallocFailed = 1;
       sqlite3_free(zName);
       sqlite3DeleteTable(pTab);
@@ -64859,12 +66915,12 @@
           Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;
           char *zTabName = pFrom->zAlias;
           if( zTabName==0 || zTabName[0]==0 ){
             zTabName = pTab->zName;
           }
-          if( zTName && (zTabName==0 || zTabName[0]==0 ||
-                 sqlite3StrICmp(zTName, zTabName)!=0) ){
+          assert( zTabName );
+          if( zTName && sqlite3StrICmp(zTName, zTabName)!=0 ){
             continue;
           }
           tableSeen = 1;
           for(j=0; j<pTab->nCol; j++){
             Expr *pExpr, *pRight;
@@ -64894,11 +66950,11 @@
               }
             }
             pRight = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, 0);
             if( pRight==0 ) break;
             setQuotedToken(pParse, &pRight->token, zName);
-            if( zTabName && (longNames || pTabList->nSrc>1) ){
+            if( longNames || pTabList->nSrc>1 ){
               Expr *pLeft = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, 0);
               pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight, 0);
               if( pExpr==0 ) break;
               setQuotedToken(pParse, &pLeft->token, zTabName);
               setToken(&pExpr->span,
@@ -64947,13 +67003,13 @@
 
 /*
 ** pE is a pointer to an expression which is a single term in
 ** ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.
 **
-** If pE evaluates to an integer constant i, then return i.
-** This is an indication to the caller that it should sort
-** by the i-th column of the result set.
+** At the point this routine is called, we already know that the
+** ORDER BY term is not an integer index into the result set.  That
+** casee is handled by the calling routine.
 **
 ** If pE is a well-formed expression and the SELECT statement
 ** is not compound, then return 0.  This indicates to the
 ** caller that it should sort by the value of the ORDER BY
 ** expression.
@@ -64974,24 +67030,12 @@
 ){
   int i;             /* Loop counter */
   ExprList *pEList;  /* The columns of the result set */
   NameContext nc;    /* Name context for resolving pE */
 
-
-  /* If the term is an integer constant, return the value of that
-  ** constant */
-  pEList = pSelect->pEList;
-  if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &i) ){
-    if( i<=0 ){
-      /* If i is too small, make it too big.  That way the calling
-      ** function still sees a value that is out of range, but does
-      ** not confuse the column number with 0 or -1 result code.
-      */
-      i = pEList->nExpr+1;
-    }
-    return i;
-  }
+  assert( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &i)==0 );
+  pEList = pSelect->pEList;
 
   /* If the term is a simple identifier that try to match that identifier
   ** against a column name in the result set.
   */
   if( pE->op==TK_ID || (pE->op==TK_STRING && pE->token.z[0]!='\'') ){
@@ -65077,20 +67121,23 @@
     return 0;
   }
   for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
     int iCol;
     Expr *pE = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
-    iCol = matchOrderByTermToExprList(pParse, pSelect, pE, i+1, 0, pHasAgg);
-    if( iCol<0 ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    if( iCol>pEList->nExpr ){
-      const char *zType = isOrder ? "ORDER" : "GROUP";
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
-         "%r %s BY term out of range - should be "
-         "between 1 and %d", i+1, zType, pEList->nExpr);
-      return 1;
+    if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &iCol) ){
+      if( iCol<=0 || iCol>pEList->nExpr ){
+        const char *zType = isOrder ? "ORDER" : "GROUP";
+        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+           "%r %s BY term out of range - should be "
+           "between 1 and %d", i+1, zType, pEList->nExpr);
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }else{
+      iCol = matchOrderByTermToExprList(pParse, pSelect, pE, i+1, 0, pHasAgg);
+      if( iCol<0 ){
+        return 1;
+      }
     }
     if( iCol>0 ){
       CollSeq *pColl = pE->pColl;
       int flags = pE->flags & EP_ExpCollate;
       sqlite3ExprDelete(pE);
@@ -65107,26 +67154,19 @@
 
 /*
 ** Analyze and ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause in a SELECT statement.  Return
 ** the number of errors seen.
 **
-** The processing depends on whether the SELECT is simple or compound.
-** For a simple SELECT statement, evry term of the ORDER BY or GROUP BY
-** clause needs to be an expression.  If any expression is an integer
-** constant, then that expression is replaced by the corresponding
-** expression from the result set.
-**
-** For compound SELECT statements, every expression needs to be of
-** type TK_COLUMN with a iTable value as given in the 4th parameter.
-** If any expression is an integer, that becomes the column number.
-** Otherwise, match the expression against result set columns from
-** the left-most SELECT.
+** If iTable>0 then make the N-th term of the ORDER BY clause refer to
+** the N-th column of table iTable.
+**
+** If iTable==0 then transform each term of the ORDER BY clause to refer
+** to a column of the result set by number.
 */
 static int processCompoundOrderBy(
   Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context.  Leave error messages here */
-  Select *pSelect,      /* The SELECT statement containing the ORDER BY */
-  int iTable            /* Output table for compound SELECT statements */
+  Select *pSelect       /* The SELECT statement containing the ORDER BY */
 ){
   int i;
   ExprList *pOrderBy;
   ExprList *pEList;
   sqlite3 *db;
@@ -65147,40 +67187,41 @@
   while( pSelect->pPrior ){
     pSelect = pSelect->pPrior;
   }
   while( pSelect && moreToDo ){
     moreToDo = 0;
+    pEList = pSelect->pEList;
+    if( pEList==0 ){
+      return 1;
+    }
     for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
       int iCol = -1;
       Expr *pE, *pDup;
       if( pOrderBy->a[i].done ) continue;
       pE = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
-      pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pE);
-      if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-        assert(pDup);
-        iCol = matchOrderByTermToExprList(pParse, pSelect, pDup, i+1, 1, 0);
-      }
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(pDup);
-      if( iCol<0 ){
-        return 1;
-      }
-      pEList = pSelect->pEList;
-      if( pEList==0 ){
-        return 1;
-      }
-      if( iCol>pEList->nExpr ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
-           "%r ORDER BY term out of range - should be "
-           "between 1 and %d", i+1, pEList->nExpr);
-        return 1;
+      if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &iCol) ){
+        if( iCol<0 || iCol>pEList->nExpr ){
+          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+             "%r ORDER BY term out of range - should be "
+             "between 1 and %d", i+1, pEList->nExpr);
+          return 1;
+        }
+      }else{
+        pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pE);
+        if( !db->mallocFailed ){
+          assert(pDup);
+          iCol = matchOrderByTermToExprList(pParse, pSelect, pDup, i+1, 1, 0);
+        }
+        sqlite3ExprDelete(pDup);
+        if( iCol<0 ){
+          return 1;
+        }
       }
       if( iCol>0 ){
-        pE->op = TK_COLUMN;
-        pE->iTable = iTable;
-        pE->iAgg = -1;
-        pE->iColumn = iCol-1;
-        pE->pTab = 0;
+        pE->op = TK_INTEGER;
+        pE->flags |= EP_IntValue;
+        pE->iTable = iCol;
         pOrderBy->a[i].done = 1;
       }else{
         moreToDo = 1;
       }
     }
@@ -65235,10 +67276,11 @@
 static void computeLimitRegisters(Parse *pParse, Select *p, int iBreak){
   Vdbe *v = 0;
   int iLimit = 0;
   int iOffset;
   int addr1;
+  if( p->iLimit ) return;
 
   /*
   ** "LIMIT -1" always shows all rows.  There is some
   ** contraversy about what the correct behavior should be.
   ** The current implementation interprets "LIMIT 0" to mean
@@ -65274,25 +67316,10 @@
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
     }
   }
 }
 
-/*
-** Allocate a virtual index to use for sorting.
-*/
-static void createSortingIndex(Parse *pParse, Select *p, ExprList *pOrderBy){
-  if( pOrderBy ){
-    int addr;
-    assert( pOrderBy->iECursor==0 );
-    pOrderBy->iECursor = pParse->nTab++;
-    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_OpenEphemeral,
-                            pOrderBy->iECursor, pOrderBy->nExpr+1);
-    assert( p->addrOpenEphm[2] == -1 );
-    p->addrOpenEphm[2] = addr;
-  }
-}
-
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
 /*
 ** Return the appropriate collating sequence for the iCol-th column of
 ** the result set for the compound-select statement "p".  Return NULL if
 ** the column has no default collating sequence.
@@ -65312,14 +67339,23 @@
   }
   return pRet;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT */
 
+/* Forward reference */
+static int multiSelectOrderBy(
+  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
+  Select *p,            /* The right-most of SELECTs to be coded */
+  SelectDest *pDest     /* What to do with query results */
+);
+
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
 /*
-** This routine is called to process a query that is really the union
-** or intersection of two or more separate queries.
+** This routine is called to process a compound query form from
+** two or more separate queries using UNION, UNION ALL, EXCEPT, or
+** INTERSECT
 **
 ** "p" points to the right-most of the two queries.  the query on the
 ** left is p->pPrior.  The left query could also be a compound query
 ** in which case this routine will be called recursively.
 **
@@ -65346,23 +67382,17 @@
 ** individual selects always group from left to right.
 */
 static int multiSelect(
   Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
   Select *p,            /* The right-most of SELECTs to be coded */
-  SelectDest *pDest,    /* What to do with query results */
-  char *aff             /* If eDest is SRT_Union, the affinity string */
+  SelectDest *pDest     /* What to do with query results */
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;   /* Success code from a subroutine */
   Select *pPrior;       /* Another SELECT immediately to our left */
   Vdbe *v;              /* Generate code to this VDBE */
-  int nCol;             /* Number of columns in the result set */
-  ExprList *pOrderBy;   /* The ORDER BY clause on p */
-  int aSetP2[2];        /* Set P2 value of these op to number of columns */
-  int nSetP2 = 0;       /* Number of slots in aSetP2[] used */
   SelectDest dest;      /* Alternative data destination */
-
-  dest = *pDest;
+  Select *pDelete = 0;  /* Chain of simple selects to delete */
 
   /* Make sure there is no ORDER BY or LIMIT clause on prior SELECTs.  Only
   ** the last (right-most) SELECT in the series may have an ORDER BY or LIMIT.
   */
   if( p==0 || p->pPrior==0 ){
@@ -65393,51 +67423,65 @@
     goto multi_select_end;
   }
 
   /* Create the destination temporary table if necessary
   */
+  dest = *pDest;
   if( dest.eDest==SRT_EphemTab ){
     assert( p->pEList );
-    assert( nSetP2<sizeof(aSetP2)/sizeof(aSetP2[0]) );
-    aSetP2[nSetP2++] = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, dest.iParm, 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, dest.iParm, p->pEList->nExpr);
     dest.eDest = SRT_Table;
+  }
+
+  /* Make sure all SELECTs in the statement have the same number of elements
+  ** in their result sets.
+  */
+  assert( p->pEList && pPrior->pEList );
+  if( p->pEList->nExpr!=pPrior->pEList->nExpr ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "SELECTs to the left and right of %s"
+      " do not have the same number of result columns", selectOpName(p->op));
+    rc = 1;
+    goto multi_select_end;
+  }
+
+  /* Compound SELECTs that have an ORDER BY clause are handled separately.
+  */
+  if( p->pOrderBy ){
+    return multiSelectOrderBy(pParse, p, pDest);
   }
 
   /* Generate code for the left and right SELECT statements.
   */
-  pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
   switch( p->op ){
     case TK_ALL: {
-      if( pOrderBy==0 ){
-        int addr = 0;
-        assert( !pPrior->pLimit );
-        pPrior->pLimit = p->pLimit;
-        pPrior->pOffset = p->pOffset;
-        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &dest, 0, 0, 0, aff);
-        p->pLimit = 0;
-        p->pOffset = 0;
-        if( rc ){
-          goto multi_select_end;
-        }
-        p->pPrior = 0;
-        p->iLimit = pPrior->iLimit;
-        p->iOffset = pPrior->iOffset;
-        if( p->iLimit>=0 ){
-          addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfZero, p->iLimit);
-          VdbeComment((v, "Jump ahead if LIMIT reached"));
-        }
-        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &dest, 0, 0, 0, aff);
-        p->pPrior = pPrior;
-        if( rc ){
-          goto multi_select_end;
-        }
-        if( addr ){
-          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      /* For UNION ALL ... ORDER BY fall through to the next case */
+      int addr = 0;
+      assert( !pPrior->pLimit );
+      pPrior->pLimit = p->pLimit;
+      pPrior->pOffset = p->pOffset;
+      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &dest, 0, 0, 0);
+      p->pLimit = 0;
+      p->pOffset = 0;
+      if( rc ){
+        goto multi_select_end;
+      }
+      p->pPrior = 0;
+      p->iLimit = pPrior->iLimit;
+      p->iOffset = pPrior->iOffset;
+      if( p->iLimit ){
+        addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfZero, p->iLimit);
+        VdbeComment((v, "Jump ahead if LIMIT reached"));
+      }
+      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &dest, 0, 0, 0);
+      pDelete = p->pPrior;
+      p->pPrior = pPrior;
+      if( rc ){
+        goto multi_select_end;
+      }
+      if( addr ){
+        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
+      }
+      break;
     }
     case TK_EXCEPT:
     case TK_UNION: {
       int unionTab;    /* Cursor number of the temporary table holding result */
       int op = 0;      /* One of the SRT_ operations to apply to self */
@@ -65444,43 +67488,34 @@
       int priorOp;     /* The SRT_ operation to apply to prior selects */
       Expr *pLimit, *pOffset; /* Saved values of p->nLimit and p->nOffset */
       int addr;
       SelectDest uniondest;
 
-      priorOp = p->op==TK_ALL ? SRT_Table : SRT_Union;
-      if( dest.eDest==priorOp && pOrderBy==0 && !p->pLimit && !p->pOffset ){
+      priorOp = SRT_Union;
+      if( dest.eDest==priorOp && !p->pLimit && !p->pOffset ){
         /* We can reuse a temporary table generated by a SELECT to our
         ** right.
         */
         unionTab = dest.iParm;
       }else{
         /* We will need to create our own temporary table to hold the
         ** intermediate results.
         */
         unionTab = pParse->nTab++;
-        if( processCompoundOrderBy(pParse, p, unionTab) ){
-          rc = 1;
-          goto multi_select_end;
-        }
+        assert( p->pOrderBy==0 );
         addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, unionTab, 0);
-        if( priorOp==SRT_Table ){
-          assert( nSetP2<sizeof(aSetP2)/sizeof(aSetP2[0]) );
-          aSetP2[nSetP2++] = addr;
-        }else{
-          assert( p->addrOpenEphm[0] == -1 );
-          p->addrOpenEphm[0] = addr;
-          p->pRightmost->usesEphm = 1;
-        }
-        createSortingIndex(pParse, p, pOrderBy);
+        assert( p->addrOpenEphm[0] == -1 );
+        p->addrOpenEphm[0] = addr;
+        p->pRightmost->usesEphm = 1;
         assert( p->pEList );
       }
 
       /* Code the SELECT statements to our left
       */
       assert( !pPrior->pOrderBy );
       sqlite3SelectDestInit(&uniondest, priorOp, unionTab);
-      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &uniondest, 0, 0, 0, aff);
+      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &uniondest, 0, 0, 0);
       if( rc ){
         goto multi_select_end;
       }
 
       /* Code the current SELECT statement
@@ -65489,28 +67524,28 @@
          case TK_EXCEPT:  op = SRT_Except;   break;
          case TK_UNION:   op = SRT_Union;    break;
          case TK_ALL:     op = SRT_Table;    break;
       }
       p->pPrior = 0;
-      p->pOrderBy = 0;
-      p->disallowOrderBy = pOrderBy!=0;
+      p->disallowOrderBy = 0;
       pLimit = p->pLimit;
       p->pLimit = 0;
       pOffset = p->pOffset;
       p->pOffset = 0;
       uniondest.eDest = op;
-      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &uniondest, 0, 0, 0, aff);
+      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &uniondest, 0, 0, 0);
       /* Query flattening in sqlite3Select() might refill p->pOrderBy.
       ** Be sure to delete p->pOrderBy, therefore, to avoid a memory leak. */
       sqlite3ExprListDelete(p->pOrderBy);
+      pDelete = p->pPrior;
       p->pPrior = pPrior;
-      p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
+      p->pOrderBy = 0;
       sqlite3ExprDelete(p->pLimit);
       p->pLimit = pLimit;
       p->pOffset = pOffset;
-      p->iLimit = -1;
-      p->iOffset = -1;
+      p->iLimit = 0;
+      p->iOffset = 0;
       if( rc ){
         goto multi_select_end;
       }
 
 
@@ -65529,11 +67564,11 @@
         iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
         computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iBreak);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, unionTab, iBreak);
         iStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
         selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, unionTab, p->pEList->nExpr,
-                        pOrderBy, -1, &dest, iCont, iBreak, 0);
+                        0, -1, &dest, iCont, iBreak);
         sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, unionTab, iStart);
         sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iBreak);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, unionTab, 0);
       }
@@ -65551,15 +67586,11 @@
       ** two temporary tables.  Hence it has its own case.  Begin
       ** by allocating the tables we will need.
       */
       tab1 = pParse->nTab++;
       tab2 = pParse->nTab++;
-      if( processCompoundOrderBy(pParse, p, tab1) ){
-        rc = 1;
-        goto multi_select_end;
-      }
-      createSortingIndex(pParse, p, pOrderBy);
+      assert( p->pOrderBy==0 );
 
       addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, tab1, 0);
       assert( p->addrOpenEphm[0] == -1 );
       p->addrOpenEphm[0] = addr;
       p->pRightmost->usesEphm = 1;
@@ -65566,11 +67597,11 @@
       assert( p->pEList );
 
       /* Code the SELECTs to our left into temporary table "tab1".
       */
       sqlite3SelectDestInit(&intersectdest, SRT_Union, tab1);
-      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &intersectdest, 0, 0, 0, aff);
+      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &intersectdest, 0, 0, 0);
       if( rc ){
         goto multi_select_end;
       }
 
       /* Code the current SELECT into temporary table "tab2"
@@ -65582,11 +67613,12 @@
       pLimit = p->pLimit;
       p->pLimit = 0;
       pOffset = p->pOffset;
       p->pOffset = 0;
       intersectdest.iParm = tab2;
-      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &intersectdest, 0, 0, 0, aff);
+      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &intersectdest, 0, 0, 0);
+      pDelete = p->pPrior;
       p->pPrior = pPrior;
       sqlite3ExprDelete(p->pLimit);
       p->pLimit = pLimit;
       p->pOffset = pOffset;
       if( rc ){
@@ -65609,60 +67641,40 @@
       r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
       iStart = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowKey, tab1, r1);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotFound, tab2, iCont, r1);
       sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
       selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, tab1, p->pEList->nExpr,
-                      pOrderBy, -1, &dest, iCont, iBreak, 0);
+                      0, -1, &dest, iCont, iBreak);
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, tab1, iStart);
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iBreak);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, tab2, 0);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, tab1, 0);
       break;
     }
   }
 
-  /* Make sure all SELECTs in the statement have the same number of elements
-  ** in their result sets.
-  */
-  assert( p->pEList && pPrior->pEList );
-  if( p->pEList->nExpr!=pPrior->pEList->nExpr ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "SELECTs to the left and right of %s"
-      " do not have the same number of result columns", selectOpName(p->op));
-    rc = 1;
-    goto multi_select_end;
-  }
-
-  /* Set the number of columns in temporary tables
-  */
-  nCol = p->pEList->nExpr;
-  while( nSetP2 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, aSetP2[--nSetP2], nCol);
-  }
-
-  /* Compute collating sequences used by either the ORDER BY clause or
-  ** by any temporary tables needed to implement the compound select.
-  ** Attach the KeyInfo structure to all temporary tables.  Invoke the
-  ** ORDER BY processing if there is an ORDER BY clause.
+  /* Compute collating sequences used by
+  ** temporary tables needed to implement the compound select.
+  ** Attach the KeyInfo structure to all temporary tables.
   **
   ** This section is run by the right-most SELECT statement only.
   ** SELECT statements to the left always skip this part.  The right-most
   ** SELECT might also skip this part if it has no ORDER BY clause and
   ** no temp tables are required.
   */
-  if( pOrderBy || p->usesEphm ){
+  if( p->usesEphm ){
     int i;                        /* Loop counter */
     KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;            /* Collating sequence for the result set */
     Select *pLoop;                /* For looping through SELECT statements */
-    int nKeyCol;                  /* Number of entries in pKeyInfo->aCol[] */
     CollSeq **apColl;             /* For looping through pKeyInfo->aColl[] */
-    CollSeq **aCopy;              /* A copy of pKeyInfo->aColl[] */
+    int nCol;                     /* Number of columns in result set */
 
     assert( p->pRightmost==p );
-    nKeyCol = nCol + (pOrderBy ? pOrderBy->nExpr : 0);
+    nCol = p->pEList->nExpr;
     pKeyInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db,
-                       sizeof(*pKeyInfo)+nKeyCol*(sizeof(CollSeq*) + 1));
+                       sizeof(*pKeyInfo)+nCol*(sizeof(CollSeq*) + 1));
     if( !pKeyInfo ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       goto multi_select_end;
     }
 
@@ -65688,64 +67700,611 @@
         sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addr, nCol);
         sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr, (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
         pLoop->addrOpenEphm[i] = -1;
       }
     }
-
-    if( pOrderBy ){
-      struct ExprList_item *pOTerm = pOrderBy->a;
-      int nOrderByExpr = pOrderBy->nExpr;
-      int addr;
-      u8 *pSortOrder;
-
-      /* Reuse the same pKeyInfo for the ORDER BY as was used above for
-      ** the compound select statements.  Except we have to change out the
-      ** pKeyInfo->aColl[] values.  Some of the aColl[] values will be
-      ** reused when constructing the pKeyInfo for the ORDER BY, so make
-      ** a copy.  Sufficient space to hold both the nCol entries for
-      ** the compound select and the nOrderbyExpr entries for the ORDER BY
-      ** was allocated above.  But we need to move the compound select
-      ** entries out of the way before constructing the ORDER BY entries.
-      ** Move the compound select entries into aCopy[] where they can be
-      ** accessed and reused when constructing the ORDER BY entries.
-      ** Because nCol might be greater than or less than nOrderByExpr
-      ** we have to use memmove() when doing the copy.
-      */
-      aCopy = &pKeyInfo->aColl[nOrderByExpr];
-      pSortOrder = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder = (u8*)&aCopy[nCol];
-      memmove(aCopy, pKeyInfo->aColl, nCol*sizeof(CollSeq*));
-
-      apColl = pKeyInfo->aColl;
-      for(i=0; i<nOrderByExpr; i++, pOTerm++, apColl++, pSortOrder++){
-        Expr *pExpr = pOTerm->pExpr;
-        if( (pExpr->flags & EP_ExpCollate) ){
-          assert( pExpr->pColl!=0 );
-          *apColl = pExpr->pColl;
-        }else{
-          *apColl = aCopy[pExpr->iColumn];
-        }
-        *pSortOrder = pOTerm->sortOrder;
-      }
-      assert( p->pRightmost==p );
-      assert( p->addrOpenEphm[2]>=0 );
-      addr = p->addrOpenEphm[2];
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addr, p->pOrderBy->nExpr+2);
-      pKeyInfo->nField = nOrderByExpr;
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr, (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
-      pKeyInfo = 0;
-      generateSortTail(pParse, p, v, p->pEList->nExpr, &dest);
-    }
-
     sqlite3_free(pKeyInfo);
   }
 
 multi_select_end:
   pDest->iMem = dest.iMem;
   pDest->nMem = dest.nMem;
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(pDelete);
   return rc;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT */
+
+/*
+** Code an output subroutine for a coroutine implementation of a
+** SELECT statment.
+**
+** The data to be output is contained in pIn->iMem.  There are
+** pIn->nMem columns to be output.  pDest is where the output should
+** be sent.
+**
+** regReturn is the number of the register holding the subroutine
+** return address.
+**
+** If regPrev>0 then it is a the first register in a vector that
+** records the previous output.  mem[regPrev] is a flag that is false
+** if there has been no previous output.  If regPrev>0 then code is
+** generated to suppress duplicates.  pKeyInfo is used for comparing
+** keys.
+**
+** If the LIMIT found in p->iLimit is reached, jump immediately to
+** iBreak.
+*/
+static int generateOutputSubroutine(
+  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
+  Select *p,              /* The SELECT statement */
+  SelectDest *pIn,        /* Coroutine supplying data */
+  SelectDest *pDest,      /* Where to send the data */
+  int regReturn,          /* The return address register */
+  int regPrev,            /* Previous result register.  No uniqueness if 0 */
+  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,      /* For comparing with previous entry */
+  int p4type,             /* The p4 type for pKeyInfo */
+  int iBreak              /* Jump here if we hit the LIMIT */
+){
+  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
+  int iContinue;
+  int addr;
+
+  addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+  iContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+
+  /* Suppress duplicates for UNION, EXCEPT, and INTERSECT
+  */
+  if( regPrev ){
+    int j1, j2;
+    j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, regPrev);
+    j2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Compare, pIn->iMem, regPrev+1, pIn->nMem,
+                              (char*)pKeyInfo, p4type);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, j2+2, iContinue, j2+2);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
+    sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, pIn->iMem, regPrev+1, pIn->nMem);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regPrev);
+  }
+  if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return 0;
+
+  /* Suppress the the first OFFSET entries if there is an OFFSET clause
+  */
+  codeOffset(v, p, iContinue);
+
+  switch( pDest->eDest ){
+    /* Store the result as data using a unique key.
+    */
+    case SRT_Table:
+    case SRT_EphemTab: {
+      int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+      int r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, pIn->iMem, pIn->nMem, r1);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, pDest->iParm, r2);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, pDest->iParm, r1, r2);
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
+      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
+      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
+      break;
+    }
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+    /* If we are creating a set for an "expr IN (SELECT ...)" construct,
+    ** then there should be a single item on the stack.  Write this
+    ** item into the set table with bogus data.
+    */
+    case SRT_Set: {
+      int r1;
+      assert( pIn->nMem==1 );
+      p->affinity =
+         sqlite3CompareAffinity(p->pEList->a[0].pExpr, pDest->affinity);
+      r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, pIn->iMem, 1, r1, &p->affinity, 1);
+      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, pIn->iMem, 1);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, pDest->iParm, r1);
+      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
+      break;
+    }
+
+#if 0  /* Never occurs on an ORDER BY query */
+    /* If any row exist in the result set, record that fact and abort.
+    */
+    case SRT_Exists: {
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, pDest->iParm);
+      /* The LIMIT clause will terminate the loop for us */
+      break;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
+    ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell and break out
+    ** of the scan loop.
+    */
+    case SRT_Mem: {
+      assert( pIn->nMem==1 );
+      sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, pIn->iMem, pDest->iParm, 1);
+      /* The LIMIT clause will jump out of the loop for us */
+      break;
+    }
+#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */
+
+    /* Send the data to the callback function or to a subroutine.  In the
+    ** case of a subroutine, the subroutine itself is responsible for
+    ** popping the data from the stack.
+    */
+    case SRT_Coroutine: {
+      if( pDest->iMem==0 ){
+        pDest->iMem = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pIn->nMem);
+        pDest->nMem = pIn->nMem;
+      }
+      sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, pIn->iMem, pDest->iMem, pDest->nMem);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iParm);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case SRT_Callback: {
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, pIn->iMem, pIn->nMem);
+      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, pIn->iMem, pIn->nMem);
+      break;
+    }
+
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
+    /* Discard the results.  This is used for SELECT statements inside
+    ** the body of a TRIGGER.  The purpose of such selects is to call
+    ** user-defined functions that have side effects.  We do not care
+    ** about the actual results of the select.
+    */
+    default: {
+      break;
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  /* Jump to the end of the loop if the LIMIT is reached.
+  */
+  if( p->iLimit ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, p->iLimit, -1);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfZero, p->iLimit, iBreak);
+  }
+
+  /* Generate the subroutine return
+  */
+  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iContinue);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regReturn);
+
+  return addr;
+}
+
+/*
+** Alternative compound select code generator for cases when there
+** is an ORDER BY clause.
+**
+** We assume a query of the following form:
+**
+**      <selectA>  <operator>  <selectB>  ORDER BY <orderbylist>
+**
+** <operator> is one of UNION ALL, UNION, EXCEPT, or INTERSECT.  The idea
+** is to code both <selectA> and <selectB> with the ORDER BY clause as
+** co-routines.  Then run the co-routines in parallel and merge the results
+** into the output.  In addition to the two coroutines (called selectA and
+** selectB) there are 7 subroutines:
+**
+**    outA:    Move the output of the selectA coroutine into the output
+**             of the compound query.
+**
+**    outB:    Move the output of the selectB coroutine into the output
+**             of the compound query.  (Only generated for UNION and
+**             UNION ALL.  EXCEPT and INSERTSECT never output a row that
+**             appears only in B.)
+**
+**    AltB:    Called when there is data from both coroutines and A<B.
+**
+**    AeqB:    Called when there is data from both coroutines and A==B.
+**
+**    AgtB:    Called when there is data from both coroutines and A>B.
+**
+**    EofA:    Called when data is exhausted from selectA.
+**
+**    EofB:    Called when data is exhausted from selectB.
+**
+** The implementation of the latter five subroutines depend on which
+** <operator> is used:
+**
+**
+**             UNION ALL         UNION            EXCEPT          INTERSECT
+**          -------------  -----------------  --------------  -----------------
+**   AltB:   outA, nextA      outA, nextA       outA, nextA         nextA
+**
+**   AeqB:   outA, nextA         nextA             nextA         outA, nextA
+**
+**   AgtB:   outB, nextB      outB, nextB          nextB            nextB
+**
+**   EofA:   outB, nextB      outB, nextB          halt             halt
+**
+**   EofB:   outA, nextA      outA, nextA       outA, nextA         halt
+**
+** In the AltB, AeqB, and AgtB subroutines, an EOF on A following nextA
+** causes an immediate jump to EofA and an EOF on B following nextB causes
+** an immediate jump to EofB.  Within EofA and EofB, and EOF on entry or
+** following nextX causes a jump to the end of the select processing.
+**
+** Duplicate removal in the UNION, EXCEPT, and INTERSECT cases is handled
+** within the output subroutine.  The regPrev register set holds the previously
+** output value.  A comparison is made against this value and the output
+** is skipped if the next results would be the same as the previous.
+**
+** The implementation plan is to implement the two coroutines and seven
+** subroutines first, then put the control logic at the bottom.  Like this:
+**
+**          goto Init
+**     coA: coroutine for left query (A)
+**     coB: coroutine for right query (B)
+**    outA: output one row of A
+**    outB: output one row of B (UNION and UNION ALL only)
+**    EofA: ...
+**    EofB: ...
+**    AltB: ...
+**    AeqB: ...
+**    AgtB: ...
+**    Init: initialize coroutine registers
+**          yield coA
+**          if eof(A) goto EofA
+**          yield coB
+**          if eof(B) goto EofB
+**    Cmpr: Compare A, B
+**          Jump AltB, AeqB, AgtB
+**     End: ...
+**
+** We call AltB, AeqB, AgtB, EofA, and EofB "subroutines" but they are not
+** actually called using Gosub and they do not Return.  EofA and EofB loop
+** until all data is exhausted then jump to the "end" labe.  AltB, AeqB,
+** and AgtB jump to either L2 or to one of EofA or EofB.
+*/
+static int multiSelectOrderBy(
+  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
+  Select *p,            /* The right-most of SELECTs to be coded */
+  SelectDest *pDest     /* What to do with query results */
+){
+  int i, j;             /* Loop counters */
+  Select *pPrior;       /* Another SELECT immediately to our left */
+  Vdbe *v;              /* Generate code to this VDBE */
+  SelectDest destA;     /* Destination for coroutine A */
+  SelectDest destB;     /* Destination for coroutine B */
+  int regAddrA;         /* Address register for select-A coroutine */
+  int regEofA;          /* Flag to indicate when select-A is complete */
+  int regAddrB;         /* Address register for select-B coroutine */
+  int regEofB;          /* Flag to indicate when select-B is complete */
+  int addrSelectA;      /* Address of the select-A coroutine */
+  int addrSelectB;      /* Address of the select-B coroutine */
+  int regOutA;          /* Address register for the output-A subroutine */
+  int regOutB;          /* Address register for the output-B subroutine */
+  int addrOutA;         /* Address of the output-A subroutine */
+  int addrOutB;         /* Address of the output-B subroutine */
+  int addrEofA;         /* Address of the select-A-exhausted subroutine */
+  int addrEofB;         /* Address of the select-B-exhausted subroutine */
+  int addrAltB;         /* Address of the A<B subroutine */
+  int addrAeqB;         /* Address of the A==B subroutine */
+  int addrAgtB;         /* Address of the A>B subroutine */
+  int regLimitA;        /* Limit register for select-A */
+  int regLimitB;        /* Limit register for select-A */
+  int regPrev;          /* A range of registers to hold previous output */
+  int savedLimit;       /* Saved value of p->iLimit */
+  int savedOffset;      /* Saved value of p->iOffset */
+  int labelCmpr;        /* Label for the start of the merge algorithm */
+  int labelEnd;         /* Label for the end of the overall SELECT stmt */
+  int j1;               /* Jump instructions that get retargetted */
+  int op;               /* One of TK_ALL, TK_UNION, TK_EXCEPT, TK_INTERSECT */
+  KeyInfo *pKeyDup;     /* Comparison information for duplicate removal */
+  KeyInfo *pKeyMerge;   /* Comparison information for merging rows */
+  sqlite3 *db;          /* Database connection */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy;   /* The ORDER BY clause */
+  int nOrderBy;         /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
+  int *aPermute;        /* Mapping from ORDER BY terms to result set columns */
+  u8 NotUsed;           /* Dummy variables */
+
+  assert( p->pOrderBy!=0 );
+  db = pParse->db;
+  v = pParse->pVdbe;
+  if( v==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  labelEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  labelCmpr = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+
+
+  /* Patch up the ORDER BY clause
+  */
+  op = p->op;
+  pPrior = p->pPrior;
+  assert( pPrior->pOrderBy==0 );
+  pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
+  assert( pOrderBy );
+  if( processCompoundOrderBy(pParse, p) ){
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+  nOrderBy = pOrderBy->nExpr;
+
+  /* For operators other than UNION ALL we have to make sure that
+  ** the ORDER BY clause covers every term of the result set.  Add
+  ** terms to the ORDER BY clause as necessary.
+  */
+  if( op!=TK_ALL ){
+    for(i=1; db->mallocFailed==0 && i<=p->pEList->nExpr; i++){
+      for(j=0; j<nOrderBy; j++){
+        Expr *pTerm = pOrderBy->a[j].pExpr;
+        assert( pTerm->op==TK_INTEGER );
+        assert( (pTerm->flags & EP_IntValue)!=0 );
+        if( pTerm->iTable==i ) break;
+      }
+      if( j==nOrderBy ){
+        Expr *pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_INTEGER, 0, 0, 0);
+        if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        pNew->flags |= EP_IntValue;
+        pNew->iTable = i;
+        pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pOrderBy, pNew, 0);
+        nOrderBy++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Compute the comparison permutation and keyinfo that is used with
+  ** the permutation in order to comparisons to determine if the next
+  ** row of results comes from selectA or selectB.  Also add explicit
+  ** collations to the ORDER BY clause terms so that when the subqueries
+  ** to the right and the left are evaluated, they use the correct
+  ** collation.
+  */
+  aPermute = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(int)*nOrderBy);
+  if( aPermute ){
+    for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
+      Expr *pTerm = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
+      assert( pTerm->op==TK_INTEGER );
+      assert( (pTerm->flags & EP_IntValue)!=0 );
+      aPermute[i] = pTerm->iTable-1;
+      assert( aPermute[i]>=0 && aPermute[i]<p->pEList->nExpr );
+    }
+    pKeyMerge =
+      sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*pKeyMerge)+nOrderBy*(sizeof(CollSeq*)+1));
+    if( pKeyMerge ){
+      pKeyMerge->aSortOrder = (u8*)&pKeyMerge->aColl[nOrderBy];
+      pKeyMerge->nField = nOrderBy;
+      pKeyMerge->enc = ENC(db);
+      for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
+        CollSeq *pColl;
+        Expr *pTerm = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
+        if( pTerm->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
+          pColl = pTerm->pColl;
+        }else{
+          pColl = multiSelectCollSeq(pParse, p, aPermute[i]);
+          pTerm->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
+          pTerm->pColl = pColl;
+        }
+        pKeyMerge->aColl[i] = pColl;
+        pKeyMerge->aSortOrder[i] = pOrderBy->a[i].sortOrder;
+      }
+    }
+  }else{
+    pKeyMerge = 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Reattach the ORDER BY clause to the query.
+  */
+  p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
+  pPrior->pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(pParse->db, pOrderBy);
+
+  /* Allocate a range of temporary registers and the KeyInfo needed
+  ** for the logic that removes duplicate result rows when the
+  ** operator is UNION, EXCEPT, or INTERSECT (but not UNION ALL).
+  */
+  if( op==TK_ALL ){
+    regPrev = 0;
+  }else{
+    int nExpr = p->pEList->nExpr;
+    assert( nOrderBy>=nExpr );
+    regPrev = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nExpr+1);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regPrev);
+    pKeyDup = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db,
+                  sizeof(*pKeyDup) + nExpr*(sizeof(CollSeq*)+1) );
+    if( pKeyDup ){
+      pKeyDup->aSortOrder = (u8*)&pKeyDup->aColl[nExpr];
+      pKeyDup->nField = nExpr;
+      pKeyDup->enc = ENC(db);
+      for(i=0; i<nExpr; i++){
+        pKeyDup->aColl[i] = multiSelectCollSeq(pParse, p, i);
+        pKeyDup->aSortOrder[i] = 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Separate the left and the right query from one another
+  */
+  p->pPrior = 0;
+  pPrior->pRightmost = 0;
+  processOrderGroupBy(pParse, p, p->pOrderBy, 1, &NotUsed);
+  if( pPrior->pPrior==0 ){
+    processOrderGroupBy(pParse, pPrior, pPrior->pOrderBy, 1, &NotUsed);
+  }
+
+  /* Compute the limit registers */
+  computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, labelEnd);
+  if( p->iLimit && op==TK_ALL ){
+    regLimitA = ++pParse->nMem;
+    regLimitB = ++pParse->nMem;
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, p->iOffset ? p->iOffset+1 : p->iLimit,
+                                  regLimitA);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regLimitA, regLimitB);
+  }else{
+    regLimitA = regLimitB = 0;
+  }
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(p->pLimit);
+  p->pLimit = 0;
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(p->pOffset);
+  p->pOffset = 0;
+
+  regAddrA = ++pParse->nMem;
+  regEofA = ++pParse->nMem;
+  regAddrB = ++pParse->nMem;
+  regEofB = ++pParse->nMem;
+  regOutA = ++pParse->nMem;
+  regOutB = ++pParse->nMem;
+  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&destA, SRT_Coroutine, regAddrA);
+  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&destB, SRT_Coroutine, regAddrB);
+
+  /* Jump past the various subroutines and coroutines to the main
+  ** merge loop
+  */
+  j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
+  addrSelectA = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+
+
+  /* Generate a coroutine to evaluate the SELECT statement to the
+  ** left of the compound operator - the "A" select.
+  */
+  VdbeNoopComment((v, "Begin coroutine for left SELECT"));
+  pPrior->iLimit = regLimitA;
+  sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &destA, 0, 0, 0);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regEofA);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrA);
+  VdbeNoopComment((v, "End coroutine for left SELECT"));
+
+  /* Generate a coroutine to evaluate the SELECT statement on
+  ** the right - the "B" select
+  */
+  addrSelectB = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+  VdbeNoopComment((v, "Begin coroutine for right SELECT"));
+  savedLimit = p->iLimit;
+  savedOffset = p->iOffset;
+  p->iLimit = regLimitB;
+  p->iOffset = 0;
+  sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &destB, 0, 0, 0);
+  p->iLimit = savedLimit;
+  p->iOffset = savedOffset;
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regEofB);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrB);
+  VdbeNoopComment((v, "End coroutine for right SELECT"));
+
+  /* Generate a subroutine that outputs the current row of the A
+  ** select as the next output row of the compound select.
+  */
+  VdbeNoopComment((v, "Output routine for A"));
+  addrOutA = generateOutputSubroutine(pParse,
+                 p, &destA, pDest, regOutA,
+                 regPrev, pKeyDup, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF, labelEnd);
+
+  /* Generate a subroutine that outputs the current row of the B
+  ** select as the next output row of the compound select.
+  */
+  if( op==TK_ALL || op==TK_UNION ){
+    VdbeNoopComment((v, "Output routine for B"));
+    addrOutB = generateOutputSubroutine(pParse,
+                 p, &destB, pDest, regOutB,
+                 regPrev, pKeyDup, P4_KEYINFO_STATIC, labelEnd);
+  }
+
+  /* Generate a subroutine to run when the results from select A
+  ** are exhausted and only data in select B remains.
+  */
+  VdbeNoopComment((v, "eof-A subroutine"));
+  if( op==TK_EXCEPT || op==TK_INTERSECT ){
+    addrEofA = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, labelEnd);
+  }else{
+    addrEofA = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofB, labelEnd);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutB, addrOutB);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrB);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrEofA);
+  }
+
+  /* Generate a subroutine to run when the results from select B
+  ** are exhausted and only data in select A remains.
+  */
+  if( op==TK_INTERSECT ){
+    addrEofB = addrEofA;
+  }else{
+    VdbeNoopComment((v, "eof-B subroutine"));
+    addrEofB = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofA, labelEnd);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutA, addrOutA);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrA);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrEofB);
+  }
+
+  /* Generate code to handle the case of A<B
+  */
+  VdbeNoopComment((v, "A-lt-B subroutine"));
+  addrAltB = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutA, addrOutA);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrA);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofA, addrEofA);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, labelCmpr);
+
+  /* Generate code to handle the case of A==B
+  */
+  if( op==TK_ALL ){
+    addrAeqB = addrAltB;
+  }else if( op==TK_INTERSECT ){
+    addrAeqB = addrAltB;
+    addrAltB++;
+  }else{
+    VdbeNoopComment((v, "A-eq-B subroutine"));
+    addrAeqB =
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrA);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofA, addrEofA);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, labelCmpr);
+  }
+
+  /* Generate code to handle the case of A>B
+  */
+  VdbeNoopComment((v, "A-gt-B subroutine"));
+  addrAgtB = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+  if( op==TK_ALL || op==TK_UNION ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutB, addrOutB);
+  }
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regAddrB);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofB, addrEofB);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, labelCmpr);
+
+  /* This code runs once to initialize everything.
+  */
+  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regEofA);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regEofB);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regAddrA, addrSelectA);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regAddrB, addrSelectB);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofA, addrEofA);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regEofB, addrEofB);
+
+  /* Implement the main merge loop
+  */
+  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, labelCmpr);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Permutation, 0, 0, 0, (char*)aPermute, P4_INTARRAY);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Compare, destA.iMem, destB.iMem, nOrderBy,
+                         (char*)pKeyMerge, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addrAltB, addrAeqB, addrAgtB);
+
+  /* Release temporary registers
+  */
+  if( regPrev ){
+    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regPrev, nOrderBy+1);
+  }
+
+  /* Jump to the this point in order to terminate the query.
+  */
+  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, labelEnd);
+
+  /* Set the number of output columns
+  */
+  if( pDest->eDest==SRT_Callback ){
+    Select *pFirst = pPrior;
+    while( pFirst->pPrior ) pFirst = pFirst->pPrior;
+    generateColumnNames(pParse, 0, pFirst->pEList);
+  }
+
+  /* Reassembly the compound query so that it will be freed correctly
+  ** by the calling function */
+  if( p->pPrior ){
+    sqlite3SelectDelete(p->pPrior);
+  }
+  p->pPrior = pPrior;
+
+  /*** TBD:  Insert subroutine calls to close cursors on incomplete
+  **** subqueries ****/
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
 /* Forward Declarations */
 static void substExprList(sqlite3*, ExprList*, int, ExprList*);
 static void substSelect(sqlite3*, Select *, int, ExprList *);
@@ -65900,10 +68459,26 @@
 **
 **  (16)  The outer query is not an aggregate or the subquery does
 **        not contain ORDER BY.  (Ticket #2942)  This used to not matter
 **        until we introduced the group_concat() function.
 **
+**  (17)  The sub-query is not a compound select, or it is a UNION ALL
+**        compound clause made up entirely of non-aggregate queries, and
+**        the parent query:
+**
+**          * is not itself part of a compound select,
+**          * is not an aggregate or DISTINCT query, and
+**          * has no other tables or sub-selects in the FROM clause.
+**
+**        The parent and sub-query may contain WHERE clauses. Subject to
+**        rules (11), (13) and (14), they may also contain ORDER BY,
+**        LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.
+**
+**  (18)  If the sub-query is a compound select, then all terms of the
+**        ORDER by clause of the parent must be simple references to
+**        columns of the sub-query.
+**
 ** In this routine, the "p" parameter is a pointer to the outer query.
 ** The subquery is p->pSrc->a[iFrom].  isAgg is true if the outer query
 ** uses aggregates and subqueryIsAgg is true if the subquery uses aggregates.
 **
 ** If flattening is not attempted, this routine is a no-op and returns 0.
@@ -65911,31 +68486,36 @@
 **
 ** All of the expression analysis must occur on both the outer query and
 ** the subquery before this routine runs.
 */
 static int flattenSubquery(
-  sqlite3 *db,         /* Database connection */
+  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
   Select *p,           /* The parent or outer SELECT statement */
   int iFrom,           /* Index in p->pSrc->a[] of the inner subquery */
   int isAgg,           /* True if outer SELECT uses aggregate functions */
   int subqueryIsAgg    /* True if the subquery uses aggregate functions */
 ){
+  const char *zSavedAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
+  Select *pParent;
   Select *pSub;       /* The inner query or "subquery" */
+  Select *pSub1;      /* Pointer to the rightmost select in sub-query */
   SrcList *pSrc;      /* The FROM clause of the outer query */
   SrcList *pSubSrc;   /* The FROM clause of the subquery */
   ExprList *pList;    /* The result set of the outer query */
   int iParent;        /* VDBE cursor number of the pSub result set temp table */
   int i;              /* Loop counter */
   Expr *pWhere;                    /* The WHERE clause */
   struct SrcList_item *pSubitem;   /* The subquery */
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
 
   /* Check to see if flattening is permitted.  Return 0 if not.
   */
   if( p==0 ) return 0;
   pSrc = p->pSrc;
   assert( pSrc && iFrom>=0 && iFrom<pSrc->nSrc );
   pSubitem = &pSrc->a[iFrom];
+  iParent = pSubitem->iCursor;
   pSub = pSubitem->pSelect;
   assert( pSub!=0 );
   if( isAgg && subqueryIsAgg ) return 0;                 /* Restriction (1)  */
   if( subqueryIsAgg && pSrc->nSrc>1 ) return 0;          /* Restriction (2)  */
   pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;
@@ -65992,127 +68572,201 @@
   */
   if( (pSubitem->jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0 && pSub->pWhere!=0 ){
     return 0;
   }
 
+  /* Restriction 17: If the sub-query is a compound SELECT, then it must
+  ** use only the UNION ALL operator. And none of the simple select queries
+  ** that make up the compound SELECT are allowed to be aggregate or distinct
+  ** queries.
+  */
+  if( pSub->pPrior ){
+    if( p->pPrior || isAgg || p->isDistinct || pSrc->nSrc!=1 ){
+      return 0;
+    }
+    for(pSub1=pSub; pSub1; pSub1=pSub1->pPrior){
+      if( pSub1->isAgg || pSub1->isDistinct
+       || (pSub1->pPrior && pSub1->op!=TK_ALL)
+       || !pSub1->pSrc || pSub1->pSrc->nSrc!=1
+      ){
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Restriction 18. */
+    if( p->pOrderBy ){
+      int ii;
+      for(ii=0; ii<p->pOrderBy->nExpr; ii++){
+        Expr *pExpr = p->pOrderBy->a[ii].pExpr;
+        if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN || pExpr->iTable!=iParent ){
+          return 0;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  pParse->zAuthContext = pSubitem->zName;
+  sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_SELECT, 0, 0, 0);
+  pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedAuthContext;
+
+  /* If the sub-query is a compound SELECT statement, then it must be
+  ** a UNION ALL and the parent query must be of the form:
+  **
+  **     SELECT <expr-list> FROM (<sub-query>) <where-clause>
+  **
+  ** followed by any ORDER BY, LIMIT and/or OFFSET clauses. This block
+  ** creates N copies of the parent query without any ORDER BY, LIMIT or
+  ** OFFSET clauses and joins them to the left-hand-side of the original
+  ** using UNION ALL operators. In this case N is the number of simple
+  ** select statements in the compound sub-query.
+  */
+  for(pSub=pSub->pPrior; pSub; pSub=pSub->pPrior){
+    Select *pNew;
+    ExprList *pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
+    Expr *pLimit = p->pLimit;
+    Expr *pOffset = p->pOffset;
+    Select *pPrior = p->pPrior;
+    p->pOrderBy = 0;
+    p->pSrc = 0;
+    p->pPrior = 0;
+    p->pLimit = 0;
+    pNew = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p);
+    pNew->pPrior = pPrior;
+    p->pPrior = pNew;
+    p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
+    p->op = TK_ALL;
+    p->pSrc = pSrc;
+    p->pLimit = pLimit;
+    p->pOffset = pOffset;
+    p->pRightmost = 0;
+    pNew->pRightmost = 0;
+  }
+
   /* If we reach this point, it means flattening is permitted for the
   ** iFrom-th entry of the FROM clause in the outer query.
   */
-
-  /* Move all of the FROM elements of the subquery into the
-  ** the FROM clause of the outer query.  Before doing this, remember
-  ** the cursor number for the original outer query FROM element in
-  ** iParent.  The iParent cursor will never be used.  Subsequent code
-  ** will scan expressions looking for iParent references and replace
-  ** those references with expressions that resolve to the subquery FROM
-  ** elements we are now copying in.
-  */
-  iParent = pSubitem->iCursor;
-  {
+  pSub = pSub1 = pSubitem->pSelect;
+  for(pParent=p; pParent; pParent=pParent->pPrior, pSub=pSub->pPrior){
     int nSubSrc = pSubSrc->nSrc;
-    int jointype = pSubitem->jointype;
-
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(pSubitem->pTab);
-    sqlite3_free(pSubitem->zDatabase);
-    sqlite3_free(pSubitem->zName);
-    sqlite3_free(pSubitem->zAlias);
-    pSubitem->pTab = 0;
-    pSubitem->zDatabase = 0;
-    pSubitem->zName = 0;
-    pSubitem->zAlias = 0;
-    if( nSubSrc>1 ){
+    int jointype = 0;
+    pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;
+    pSrc = pParent->pSrc;
+
+    /* Move all of the FROM elements of the subquery into the
+    ** the FROM clause of the outer query.  Before doing this, remember
+    ** the cursor number for the original outer query FROM element in
+    ** iParent.  The iParent cursor will never be used.  Subsequent code
+    ** will scan expressions looking for iParent references and replace
+    ** those references with expressions that resolve to the subquery FROM
+    ** elements we are now copying in.
+    */
+    if( pSrc ){
+      pSubitem = &pSrc->a[iFrom];
+      nSubSrc = pSubSrc->nSrc;
+      jointype = pSubitem->jointype;
+      sqlite3DeleteTable(pSubitem->pTab);
+      sqlite3_free(pSubitem->zDatabase);
+      sqlite3_free(pSubitem->zName);
+      sqlite3_free(pSubitem->zAlias);
+      pSubitem->pTab = 0;
+      pSubitem->zDatabase = 0;
+      pSubitem->zName = 0;
+      pSubitem->zAlias = 0;
+    }
+    if( nSubSrc!=1 || !pSrc ){
       int extra = nSubSrc - 1;
-      for(i=1; i<nSubSrc; i++){
+      for(i=(pSrc?1:0); i<nSubSrc; i++){
         pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, pSrc, 0, 0);
         if( pSrc==0 ){
-          p->pSrc = 0;
+          pParent->pSrc = 0;
           return 1;
         }
       }
-      p->pSrc = pSrc;
+      pParent->pSrc = pSrc;
       for(i=pSrc->nSrc-1; i-extra>=iFrom; i--){
         pSrc->a[i] = pSrc->a[i-extra];
       }
     }
     for(i=0; i<nSubSrc; i++){
       pSrc->a[i+iFrom] = pSubSrc->a[i];
       memset(&pSubSrc->a[i], 0, sizeof(pSubSrc->a[i]));
     }
     pSrc->a[iFrom].jointype = jointype;
-  }
-
-  /* Now begin substituting subquery result set expressions for
-  ** references to the iParent in the outer query.
-  **
-  ** Example:
-  **
-  **   SELECT a+5, b*10 FROM (SELECT x*3 AS a, y+10 AS b FROM t1) WHERE a>b;
-  **   \                     \_____________ subquery __________/          /
-  **    \_____________________ outer query ______________________________/
-  **
-  ** We look at every expression in the outer query and every place we see
-  ** "a" we substitute "x*3" and every place we see "b" we substitute "y+10".
-  */
-  pList = p->pEList;
-  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-    Expr *pExpr;
-    if( pList->a[i].zName==0 && (pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr)->span.z!=0 ){
-      pList->a[i].zName =
-             sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pExpr->span.z, pExpr->span.n);
-    }
-  }
-  substExprList(db, p->pEList, iParent, pSub->pEList);
-  if( isAgg ){
-    substExprList(db, p->pGroupBy, iParent, pSub->pEList);
-    substExpr(db, p->pHaving, iParent, pSub->pEList);
-  }
-  if( pSub->pOrderBy ){
-    assert( p->pOrderBy==0 );
-    p->pOrderBy = pSub->pOrderBy;
-    pSub->pOrderBy = 0;
-  }else if( p->pOrderBy ){
-    substExprList(db, p->pOrderBy, iParent, pSub->pEList);
-  }
-  if( pSub->pWhere ){
-    pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSub->pWhere);
-  }else{
-    pWhere = 0;
-  }
-  if( subqueryIsAgg ){
-    assert( p->pHaving==0 );
-    p->pHaving = p->pWhere;
-    p->pWhere = pWhere;
-    substExpr(db, p->pHaving, iParent, pSub->pEList);
-    p->pHaving = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, p->pHaving,
-                                sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSub->pHaving));
-    assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );
-    p->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pSub->pGroupBy);
-  }else{
-    substExpr(db, p->pWhere, iParent, pSub->pEList);
-    p->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, p->pWhere, pWhere);
-  }
-
-  /* The flattened query is distinct if either the inner or the
-  ** outer query is distinct.
-  */
-  p->isDistinct = p->isDistinct || pSub->isDistinct;
-
-  /*
-  ** SELECT ... FROM (SELECT ... LIMIT a OFFSET b) LIMIT x OFFSET y;
-  **
-  ** One is tempted to try to add a and b to combine the limits.  But this
-  ** does not work if either limit is negative.
-  */
-  if( pSub->pLimit ){
-    p->pLimit = pSub->pLimit;
-    pSub->pLimit = 0;
+
+    /* Now begin substituting subquery result set expressions for
+    ** references to the iParent in the outer query.
+    **
+    ** Example:
+    **
+    **   SELECT a+5, b*10 FROM (SELECT x*3 AS a, y+10 AS b FROM t1) WHERE a>b;
+    **   \                     \_____________ subquery __________/          /
+    **    \_____________________ outer query ______________________________/
+    **
+    ** We look at every expression in the outer query and every place we see
+    ** "a" we substitute "x*3" and every place we see "b" we substitute "y+10".
+    */
+    pList = pParent->pEList;
+    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
+      Expr *pExpr;
+      if( pList->a[i].zName==0 && (pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr)->span.z!=0 ){
+        pList->a[i].zName =
+               sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pExpr->span.z, pExpr->span.n);
+      }
+    }
+    substExprList(db, pParent->pEList, iParent, pSub->pEList);
+    if( isAgg ){
+      substExprList(db, pParent->pGroupBy, iParent, pSub->pEList);
+      substExpr(db, pParent->pHaving, iParent, pSub->pEList);
+    }
+    if( pSub->pOrderBy ){
+      assert( pParent->pOrderBy==0 );
+      pParent->pOrderBy = pSub->pOrderBy;
+      pSub->pOrderBy = 0;
+    }else if( pParent->pOrderBy ){
+      substExprList(db, pParent->pOrderBy, iParent, pSub->pEList);
+    }
+    if( pSub->pWhere ){
+      pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSub->pWhere);
+    }else{
+      pWhere = 0;
+    }
+    if( subqueryIsAgg ){
+      assert( pParent->pHaving==0 );
+      pParent->pHaving = pParent->pWhere;
+      pParent->pWhere = pWhere;
+      substExpr(db, pParent->pHaving, iParent, pSub->pEList);
+      pParent->pHaving = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pParent->pHaving,
+                                  sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSub->pHaving));
+      assert( pParent->pGroupBy==0 );
+      pParent->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pSub->pGroupBy);
+    }else{
+      substExpr(db, pParent->pWhere, iParent, pSub->pEList);
+      pParent->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pParent->pWhere, pWhere);
+    }
+
+    /* The flattened query is distinct if either the inner or the
+    ** outer query is distinct.
+    */
+    pParent->isDistinct = pParent->isDistinct || pSub->isDistinct;
+
+    /*
+    ** SELECT ... FROM (SELECT ... LIMIT a OFFSET b) LIMIT x OFFSET y;
+    **
+    ** One is tempted to try to add a and b to combine the limits.  But this
+    ** does not work if either limit is negative.
+    */
+    if( pSub->pLimit ){
+      pParent->pLimit = pSub->pLimit;
+      pSub->pLimit = 0;
+    }
   }
 
   /* Finially, delete what is left of the subquery and return
   ** success.
   */
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(pSub);
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(pSub1);
+
   return 1;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */
 
 /*
@@ -66418,11 +69072,11 @@
 **     ------------    -------------------------------------------
 **     SRT_Callback    Invoke the callback for each row of the result.
 **
 **     SRT_Mem         Store first result in memory cell pDest->iParm
 **
-**     SRT_Set         Store non-null results as keys of table pDest->iParm.
+**     SRT_Set         Store results as keys of table pDest->iParm.
 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affinity before storing them.
 **
 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary table pDest->iParm.
 **
 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary table pDest->iParm.
@@ -66431,13 +69085,12 @@
 **
 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iParm and store
 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
 **                     returning.
 **
-**     SRT_Subroutine  For each row returned, push the results onto the
-**                     vdbe stack and call the subroutine (via OP_Gosub)
-**                     at address pDest->iParm.
+**     SRT_Coroutine   Invoke a co-routine to compute a single row of
+**                     the result
 **
 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iParm if the result
 **                     set is not empty.
 **
 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.
@@ -66477,12 +69130,11 @@
   Parse *pParse,         /* The parser context */
   Select *p,             /* The SELECT statement being coded. */
   SelectDest *pDest,     /* What to do with the query results */
   Select *pParent,       /* Another SELECT for which this is a sub-query */
   int parentTab,         /* Index in pParent->pSrc of this query */
-  int *pParentAgg,       /* True if pParent uses aggregate functions */
-  char *aff              /* If eDest is SRT_Union, the affinity string */
+  int *pParentAgg        /* True if pParent uses aggregate functions */
 ){
   int i, j;              /* Loop counters */
   WhereInfo *pWInfo;     /* Return from sqlite3WhereBegin() */
   Vdbe *v;               /* The virtual machine under construction */
   int isAgg;             /* True for select lists like "count(*)" */
@@ -66521,58 +69173,23 @@
   if( sqlite3SelectResolve(pParse, p, 0) ){
     goto select_end;
   }
   p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
 
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
-  /* If there is are a sequence of queries, do the earlier ones first.
-  */
-  if( p->pPrior ){
-    if( p->pRightmost==0 ){
-      Select *pLoop, *pRight = 0;
-      int cnt = 0;
-      int mxSelect;
-      for(pLoop=p; pLoop; pLoop=pLoop->pPrior, cnt++){
-        pLoop->pRightmost = p;
-        pLoop->pNext = pRight;
-        pRight = pLoop;
-      }
-      mxSelect = db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT];
-      if( mxSelect && cnt>mxSelect ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many terms in compound SELECT");
-        return 1;
-      }
-    }
-    return multiSelect(pParse, p, pDest, aff);
-  }
-#endif
 
   /* Make local copies of the parameters for this query.
   */
   pTabList = p->pSrc;
-  pWhere = p->pWhere;
-  pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
-  pHaving = p->pHaving;
-  isAgg = p->isAgg;
-  isDistinct = p->isDistinct;
+  isAgg = p->isAgg;
   pEList = p->pEList;
   if( pEList==0 ) goto select_end;
 
   /*
   ** Do not even attempt to generate any code if we have already seen
   ** errors before this routine starts.
   */
   if( pParse->nErr>0 ) goto select_end;
-
-  /* If writing to memory or generating a set
-  ** only a single column may be output.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-  if( checkForMultiColumnSelectError(pParse, pDest, pEList->nExpr) ){
-    goto select_end;
-  }
-#endif
 
   /* ORDER BY is ignored for some destinations.
   */
   if( IgnorableOrderby(pDest) ){
     pOrderBy = 0;
@@ -66584,59 +69201,92 @@
   if( v==0 ) goto select_end;
 
   /* Generate code for all sub-queries in the FROM clause
   */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
-  for(i=0; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
-    const char *zSavedAuthContext = 0;
-    int needRestoreContext;
+  for(i=0; !p->pPrior && i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
     struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[i];
     SelectDest dest;
-
-    if( pItem->pSelect==0 || pItem->isPopulated ) continue;
-    if( pItem->zName!=0 ){
-      zSavedAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
-      pParse->zAuthContext = pItem->zName;
-      needRestoreContext = 1;
-    }else{
-      needRestoreContext = 0;
-    }
+    Select *pSub = pItem->pSelect;
+    int isAggSub;
+    char *zName = pItem->zName;
+
+    if( pSub==0 || pItem->isPopulated ) continue;
+    if( zName!=0 ){   /* An sql view */
+      const char *zSavedAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
+      pParse->zAuthContext = zName;
+      rc = sqlite3SelectResolve(pParse, pSub, 0);
+      pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedAuthContext;
+      if( rc ){
+        goto select_end;
+      }
+    }
+
     /* Increment Parse.nHeight by the height of the largest expression
     ** tree refered to by this, the parent select. The child select
     ** may contain expression trees of at most
     ** (SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH-Parse.nHeight) height. This is a bit
     ** more conservative than necessary, but much easier than enforcing
     ** an exact limit.
     */
     pParse->nHeight += sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);
-    sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
-    sqlite3Select(pParse, pItem->pSelect, &dest, p, i, &isAgg, 0);
-    if( db->mallocFailed ){
+
+    /* Check to see if the subquery can be absorbed into the parent. */
+    isAggSub = pSub->isAgg;
+    if( flattenSubquery(pParse, p, i, isAgg, isAggSub) ){
+      if( isAggSub ){
+        p->isAgg = isAgg = 1;
+      }
+      i = -1;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
+      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest, p, i, &isAgg);
+    }
+    if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
       goto select_end;
     }
     pParse->nHeight -= sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);
-    if( needRestoreContext ){
-      pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedAuthContext;
-    }
-    pTabList = p->pSrc;
-    pWhere = p->pWhere;
+    pTabList = p->pSrc;
     if( !IgnorableOrderby(pDest) ){
       pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
     }
-    pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
-    pHaving = p->pHaving;
-    isDistinct = p->isDistinct;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* Check to see if this is a subquery that can be "flattened" into its parent.
-  ** If flattening is a possiblity, do so and return immediately.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-  if( pParent && pParentAgg &&
-      flattenSubquery(db, pParent, parentTab, *pParentAgg, isAgg) ){
-    if( isAgg ) *pParentAgg = 1;
+  }
+  pEList = p->pEList;
+#endif
+  pWhere = p->pWhere;
+  pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
+  pHaving = p->pHaving;
+  isDistinct = p->isDistinct;
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
+  /* If there is are a sequence of queries, do the earlier ones first.
+  */
+  if( p->pPrior ){
+    if( p->pRightmost==0 ){
+      Select *pLoop, *pRight = 0;
+      int cnt = 0;
+      int mxSelect;
+      for(pLoop=p; pLoop; pLoop=pLoop->pPrior, cnt++){
+        pLoop->pRightmost = p;
+        pLoop->pNext = pRight;
+        pRight = pLoop;
+      }
+      mxSelect = db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT];
+      if( mxSelect && cnt>mxSelect ){
+        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many terms in compound SELECT");
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+    return multiSelect(pParse, p, pDest);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /* If writing to memory or generating a set
+  ** only a single column may be output.
+  */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+  if( checkForMultiColumnSelectError(pParse, pDest, pEList->nExpr) ){
     goto select_end;
   }
 #endif
 
   /* If possible, rewrite the query to use GROUP BY instead of DISTINCT.
@@ -66711,11 +69361,11 @@
 
     /* Use the standard inner loop
     */
     assert(!isDistinct);
     selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, pEList, 0, 0, pOrderBy, -1, pDest,
-                    pWInfo->iContinue, pWInfo->iBreak, aff);
+                    pWInfo->iContinue, pWInfo->iBreak);
 
     /* End the database scan loop.
     */
     sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
   }else{
@@ -66731,18 +69381,18 @@
 
 
     /* The following variables hold addresses or labels for parts of the
     ** virtual machine program we are putting together */
     int addrOutputRow;      /* Start of subroutine that outputs a result row */
+    int regOutputRow;       /* Return address register for output subroutine */
     int addrSetAbort;       /* Set the abort flag and return */
     int addrInitializeLoop; /* Start of code that initializes the input loop */
     int addrTopOfLoop;      /* Top of the input loop */
-    int addrGroupByChange;  /* Code that runs when any GROUP BY term changes */
-    int addrProcessRow;     /* Code to process a single input row */
     int addrEnd;            /* End of all processing */
     int addrSortingIdx;     /* The OP_OpenEphemeral for the sorting index */
     int addrReset;          /* Subroutine for resetting the accumulator */
+    int regReset;           /* Return address register for reset subroutine */
 
     addrEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
 
     /* Convert TK_COLUMN nodes into TK_AGG_COLUMN and make entries in
     ** sAggInfo for all TK_AGG_FUNCTION nodes in expressions of the
@@ -66768,17 +69418,15 @@
     /* Processing for aggregates with GROUP BY is very different and
     ** much more complex than aggregates without a GROUP BY.
     */
     if( pGroupBy ){
       KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Keying information for the group by clause */
+      int j1;
 
       /* Create labels that we will be needing
       */
-
-      addrInitializeLoop = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      addrGroupByChange = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      addrProcessRow = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      addrInitializeLoop = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
 
       /* If there is a GROUP BY clause we might need a sorting index to
       ** implement it.  Allocate that sorting index now.  If it turns out
       ** that we do not need it after all, the OpenEphemeral instruction
       ** will be converted into a Noop.
@@ -66811,38 +69459,40 @@
       ** order to signal the caller to abort.
       */
       addrSetAbort = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iAbortFlag);
       VdbeComment((v, "set abort flag"));
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Return, 0, 0);
+      regOutputRow = ++pParse->nMem;
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
       addrOutputRow = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, iUseFlag, addrOutputRow+2);
       VdbeComment((v, "Groupby result generator entry point"));
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Return, 0, 0);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
       finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
       if( pHaving ){
         sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrOutputRow+1, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
       }
       selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, 0, 0, pOrderBy,
                       distinct, pDest,
-                      addrOutputRow+1, addrSetAbort, aff);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Return, 0, 0);
+                      addrOutputRow+1, addrSetAbort);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
       VdbeComment((v, "end groupby result generator"));
 
       /* Generate a subroutine that will reset the group-by accumulator
       */
       addrReset = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+      regReset = ++pParse->nMem;
       resetAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Return, 0, 0);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regReset);
 
       /* Begin a loop that will extract all source rows in GROUP BY order.
       ** This might involve two separate loops with an OP_Sort in between, or
       ** it might be a single loop that uses an index to extract information
       ** in the right order to begin with.
       */
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrInitializeLoop);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, 0, addrReset);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReset, addrReset);
       pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, &pGroupBy, 0);
       if( pWInfo==0 ) goto select_end;
       if( pGroupBy==0 ){
         /* The optimizer is able to deliver rows in group by order so
         ** we do not have to sort.  The OP_OpenEphemeral table will be
@@ -66910,44 +69560,36 @@
         }else{
           sAggInfo.directMode = 1;
           sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pGroupBy->a[j].pExpr, iBMem+j);
         }
       }
-      for(j=pGroupBy->nExpr-1; j>=0; j--){
-        if( j==0 ){
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, iAMem+j, addrProcessRow, iBMem+j);
-        }else{
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, iAMem+j, addrGroupByChange, iBMem+j);
-        }
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (void*)pKeyInfo->aColl[j], P4_COLLSEQ);
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_NULLEQUAL);
-      }
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Compare, iAMem, iBMem, pGroupBy->nExpr,
+                          (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
+      j1 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, j1+1, 0, j1+1);
 
       /* Generate code that runs whenever the GROUP BY changes.
-      ** Change in the GROUP BY are detected by the previous code
+      ** Changes in the GROUP BY are detected by the previous code
       ** block.  If there were no changes, this block is skipped.
       **
       ** This code copies current group by terms in b0,b1,b2,...
       ** over to a0,a1,a2.  It then calls the output subroutine
       ** and resets the aggregate accumulator registers in preparation
       ** for the next GROUP BY batch.
       */
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrGroupByChange);
-      for(j=0; j<pGroupBy->nExpr; j++){
-        sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, iBMem+j, iAMem+j);
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, 0, addrOutputRow);
+      sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, iBMem, iAMem, pGroupBy->nExpr);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutputRow, addrOutputRow);
       VdbeComment((v, "output one row"));
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, iAbortFlag, addrEnd);
       VdbeComment((v, "check abort flag"));
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, 0, addrReset);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReset, addrReset);
       VdbeComment((v, "reset accumulator"));
 
       /* Update the aggregate accumulators based on the content of
       ** the current row
       */
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrProcessRow);
+      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
       updateAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iUseFlag);
       VdbeComment((v, "indicate data in accumulator"));
 
       /* End of the loop
@@ -66959,11 +69601,11 @@
         sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrSortingIdx, 1);
       }
 
       /* Output the final row of result
       */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, 0, addrOutputRow);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutputRow, addrOutputRow);
       VdbeComment((v, "output final row"));
 
     } /* endif pGroupBy */
     else {
       ExprList *pMinMax = 0;
@@ -66997,11 +69639,11 @@
       */
       flag = minMaxQuery(pParse, p);
       if( flag ){
         pDel = pMinMax = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pEList->a[0].pExpr->pList);
         if( pMinMax && !db->mallocFailed ){
-          pMinMax->a[0].sortOrder = ((flag==WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN)?0:1);
+          pMinMax->a[0].sortOrder = flag!=WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN;
           pMinMax->a[0].pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
         }
       }
 
       /* This case runs if the aggregate has no GROUP BY clause.  The
@@ -67015,20 +69657,20 @@
         goto select_end;
       }
       updateAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
       if( !pMinMax && flag ){
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, pWInfo->iBreak);
-        VdbeComment((v, "%s() by index", (flag==WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN?"min":"max")));
+        VdbeComment((v, "%s() by index",(flag==WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN?"min":"max")));
       }
       sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
       finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
       pOrderBy = 0;
       if( pHaving ){
         sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrEnd, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
       }
       selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, 0, 0, 0, -1,
-                      pDest, addrEnd, addrEnd, aff);
+                      pDest, addrEnd, addrEnd);
 
       sqlite3ExprListDelete(pDel);
     }
     sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrEnd);
 
@@ -67193,10 +69835,12 @@
 ** interface routines.  These are just wrappers around the main
 ** interface routine of sqlite3_exec().
 **
 ** These routines are in a separate files so that they will not be linked
 ** if they are not used.
+**
+** $Id: table.c,v 1.36 2008/07/08 22:28:49 shane Exp $
 */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GET_TABLE
 
 /*
@@ -67320,11 +69964,11 @@
      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
   res.azResult[0] = 0;
   rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zSql, sqlite3_get_table_cb, &res, pzErrMsg);
   assert( sizeof(res.azResult[0])>= sizeof(res.nData) );
-  res.azResult[0] = (char*)res.nData;
+  res.azResult[0] = SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(res.nData);
   if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_ABORT ){
     sqlite3_free_table(&res.azResult[1]);
     if( res.zErrMsg ){
       if( pzErrMsg ){
         sqlite3_free(*pzErrMsg);
@@ -67365,11 +70009,11 @@
 ){
   if( azResult ){
     int i, n;
     azResult--;
     assert( azResult!=0 );
-    n = (int)azResult[0];
+    n = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(azResult[0]);
     for(i=1; i<n; i++){ if( azResult[i] ) sqlite3_free(azResult[i]); }
     sqlite3_free(azResult);
   }
 }
 
@@ -67385,11 +70029,13 @@
 **    May you do good and not evil.
 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
-*
+**
+**
+** $Id: trigger.c,v 1.127 2008/07/08 23:40:20 drh Exp $
 */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
 /*
 ** Delete a linked list of TriggerStep structures.
@@ -68054,11 +70700,11 @@
         if( ss ){
           SelectDest dest;
 
           sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Discard, 0);
           sqlite3SelectResolve(pParse, ss, 0);
-          sqlite3Select(pParse, ss, &dest, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+          sqlite3Select(pParse, ss, &dest, 0, 0, 0);
           sqlite3SelectDelete(ss);
         }
         break;
       }
       case TK_UPDATE: {
@@ -68242,11 +70888,11 @@
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
 ** to handle UPDATE statements.
 **
-** $Id: update.c,v 1.178 2008/04/28 18:46:43 drh Exp $
+** $Id: update.c,v 1.180 2008/07/09 16:51:51 drh Exp $
 */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
 /* Forward declaration */
 static void updateVirtualTable(
@@ -68687,11 +71333,11 @@
     if( !isView ){
       sqlite3TableAffinityStr(v, pTab);
       sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regCols, pTab->nCol);
     }
     sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regCols, pTab->nCol);
-    if( pParse->nErr ) goto update_cleanup;
+    /* if( pParse->nErr ) goto update_cleanup; */
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, newIdx, regRow, regRowid);
     sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRowid);
     sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRow);
 
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iBeginBeforeTrigger);
@@ -68878,11 +71524,11 @@
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, ephemTab, pTab->nCol+1+(pRowid!=0));
 
   /* fill the ephemeral table
   */
   sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Table, ephemTab);
-  sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+  sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest, 0, 0, 0);
 
   /* Generate code to scan the ephemeral table and call VUpdate. */
   iReg = ++pParse->nMem;
   pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol+1;
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, ephemTab, 0);
@@ -68924,11 +71570,11 @@
 ** This file contains code used to implement the VACUUM command.
 **
 ** Most of the code in this file may be omitted by defining the
 ** SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM macro.
 **
-** $Id: vacuum.c,v 1.78 2008/04/30 16:38:23 drh Exp $
+** $Id: vacuum.c,v 1.81 2008/07/08 19:34:07 drh Exp $
 */
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH)
 /*
 ** Execute zSql on database db. Return an error code.
@@ -68992,20 +71638,23 @@
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;     /* Return code from service routines */
   Btree *pMain;           /* The database being vacuumed */
   Btree *pTemp;           /* The temporary database we vacuum into */
   char *zSql = 0;         /* SQL statements */
   int saved_flags;        /* Saved value of the db->flags */
+  int saved_nChange;      /* Saved value of db->nChange */
+  int saved_nTotalChange; /* Saved value of db->nTotalChange */
   Db *pDb = 0;            /* Database to detach at end of vacuum */
   int nRes;
 
   /* Save the current value of the write-schema flag before setting it. */
   saved_flags = db->flags;
+  saved_nChange = db->nChange;
+  saved_nTotalChange = db->nTotalChange;
   db->flags |= SQLITE_WriteSchema | SQLITE_IgnoreChecks;
 
   if( !db->autoCommit ){
-    sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, "cannot VACUUM from within a transaction",
-       (char*)0);
+    sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "cannot VACUUM from within a transaction");
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     goto end_of_vacuum;
   }
   pMain = db->aDb[0].pBt;
 
@@ -69029,10 +71678,22 @@
   pDb = &db->aDb[db->nDb-1];
   assert( strcmp(db->aDb[db->nDb-1].zName,"vacuum_db")==0 );
   pTemp = db->aDb[db->nDb-1].pBt;
 
   nRes = sqlite3BtreeGetReserve(pMain);
+
+  /* A VACUUM cannot change the pagesize of an encrypted database. */
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
+  if( db->nextPagesize ){
+    extern void sqlite3CodecGetKey(sqlite3*, int, void**, int*);
+    int nKey;
+    char *zKey;
+    sqlite3CodecGetKey(db, 0, (void**)&zKey, &nKey);
+    if( nKey ) db->nextPagesize = 0;
+  }
+#endif
+
   if( sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pTemp, sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pMain), nRes)
    || sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pTemp, db->nextPagesize, nRes)
    || db->mallocFailed
   ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -69161,10 +71822,12 @@
   }
 
 end_of_vacuum:
   /* Restore the original value of db->flags */
   db->flags = saved_flags;
+  db->nChange = saved_nChange;
+  db->nTotalChange = saved_nTotalChange;
 
   /* Currently there is an SQL level transaction open on the vacuum
   ** database. No locks are held on any other files (since the main file
   ** was committed at the btree level). So it safe to end the transaction
   ** by manually setting the autoCommit flag to true and detaching the
@@ -69198,11 +71861,11 @@
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains code used to help implement virtual tables.
 **
-** $Id: vtab.c,v 1.69 2008/05/05 13:23:04 drh Exp $
+** $Id: vtab.c,v 1.70 2008/06/23 17:44:19 danielk1977 Exp $
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
 
 static int createModule(
   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database in which module is registered */
@@ -69216,21 +71879,25 @@
 
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   nName = strlen(zName);
   pMod = (Module *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(Module) + nName + 1);
   if( pMod ){
+    Module *pDel;
     char *zCopy = (char *)(&pMod[1]);
     memcpy(zCopy, zName, nName+1);
     pMod->zName = zCopy;
     pMod->pModule = pModule;
     pMod->pAux = pAux;
     pMod->xDestroy = xDestroy;
-    pMod = (Module *)sqlite3HashInsert(&db->aModule, zCopy, nName, (void*)pMod);
-    if( pMod && pMod->xDestroy ){
-      pMod->xDestroy(pMod->pAux);
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(pMod);
+    pDel = (Module *)sqlite3HashInsert(&db->aModule, zCopy, nName, (void*)pMod);
+    if( pDel && pDel->xDestroy ){
+      pDel->xDestroy(pDel->pAux);
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(pDel);
+    if( pDel==pMod ){
+      db->mallocFailed = 1;
+    }
     sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
   }
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, SQLITE_OK);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return rc;
@@ -70025,17 +72692,17 @@
 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This module contains C code that generates VDBE code used to process
-** the WHERE clause of SQL statements.  This module is reponsible for
+** the WHERE clause of SQL statements.  This module is responsible for
 ** generating the code that loops through a table looking for applicable
 ** rows.  Indices are selected and used to speed the search when doing
 ** so is applicable.  Because this module is responsible for selecting
 ** indices, you might also think of this module as the "query optimizer".
 **
-** $Id: where.c,v 1.302 2008/04/19 14:40:44 drh Exp $
+** $Id: where.c,v 1.317 2008/07/12 14:52:20 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
 */
@@ -70044,10 +72711,12 @@
 /*
 ** Trace output macros
 */
 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereTrace = 0;
+#endif
+#if 0
 # define WHERETRACE(X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
 #else
 # define WHERETRACE(X)
 #endif
 
@@ -70233,20 +72902,20 @@
 **
 ** If the flags argument includes TERM_DYNAMIC, then responsibility
 ** for freeing the expression p is assumed by the WhereClause object.
 **
 ** WARNING:  This routine might reallocate the space used to store
-** WhereTerms.  All pointers to WhereTerms should be invalided after
+** WhereTerms.  All pointers to WhereTerms should be invalidated after
 ** calling this routine.  Such pointers may be reinitialized by referencing
 ** the pWC->a[] array.
 */
 static int whereClauseInsert(WhereClause *pWC, Expr *p, int flags){
   WhereTerm *pTerm;
   int idx;
   if( pWC->nTerm>=pWC->nSlot ){
     WhereTerm *pOld = pWC->a;
-    pWC->a = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(pWC->a[0])*pWC->nSlot*2 );
+    pWC->a = sqlite3Malloc( sizeof(pWC->a[0])*pWC->nSlot*2 );
     if( pWC->a==0 ){
       pWC->pParse->db->mallocFailed = 1;
       if( flags & TERM_DYNAMIC ){
         sqlite3ExprDelete(p);
       }
@@ -70396,11 +73065,11 @@
 ** Swap two objects of type T.
 */
 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
 
 /*
-** Commute a comparision operator.  Expressions of the form "X op Y"
+** Commute a comparison operator.  Expressions of the form "X op Y"
 ** are converted into "Y op X".
 **
 ** If a collation sequence is associated with either the left or right
 ** side of the comparison, it remains associated with the same side after
 ** the commutation. So "Y collate NOCASE op X" becomes
@@ -70464,17 +73133,18 @@
   u16 op,               /* Mask of WO_xx values describing operator */
   Index *pIdx           /* Must be compatible with this index, if not NULL */
 ){
   WhereTerm *pTerm;
   int k;
+  assert( iCur>=0 );
   for(pTerm=pWC->a, k=pWC->nTerm; k; k--, pTerm++){
     if( pTerm->leftCursor==iCur
        && (pTerm->prereqRight & notReady)==0
        && pTerm->leftColumn==iColumn
        && (pTerm->eOperator & op)!=0
     ){
-      if( iCur>=0 && pIdx && pTerm->eOperator!=WO_ISNULL ){
+      if( pIdx && pTerm->eOperator!=WO_ISNULL ){
         Expr *pX = pTerm->pExpr;
         CollSeq *pColl;
         char idxaff;
         int j;
         Parse *pParse = pWC->pParse;
@@ -70490,12 +73160,13 @@
         pColl = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pX->pLeft, pX->pRight);
         if( !pColl ){
           pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
         }
 
-        for(j=0; j<pIdx->nColumn && pIdx->aiColumn[j]!=iColumn; j++){}
-        assert( j<pIdx->nColumn );
+        for(j=0; pIdx->aiColumn[j]!=iColumn; j++){
+          if( NEVER(j>=pIdx->nColumn) ) return 0;
+        }
         if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pIdx->azColl[j]) ) continue;
       }
       return pTerm;
     }
   }
@@ -70635,11 +73306,11 @@
 ** like this:
 **
 **           a=<expr1> OR  a=<expr2> OR b=<expr3>  OR ...
 **
 ** The pOrTerm input to this routine corresponds to a single term of
-** this OR clause.  In order for the term to be a condidate for
+** this OR clause.  In order for the term to be a candidate for
 ** conversion to an IN operator, the following must be true:
 **
 **     *  The left-hand side of the term must be the column which
 **        is identified by iCursor and iColumn.
 **
@@ -70690,11 +73361,11 @@
 ** has to qualify in order for the whole phrase to qualify.  When
 ** this routine is called, we know that pOrTerm did not qualify.
 ** This routine merely checks to see if pOrTerm has a duplicate that
 ** might qualify.  If there is a duplicate that has not yet been
 ** disqualified, then return true.  If there are no duplicates, or
-** the duplicate has also been disqualifed, return false.
+** the duplicate has also been disqualified, return false.
 */
 static int orTermHasOkDuplicate(WhereClause *pOr, WhereTerm *pOrTerm){
   if( pOrTerm->flags & TERM_COPIED ){
     /* This is the original term.  The duplicate is to the left had
     ** has not yet been analyzed and thus has not yet been disqualified. */
@@ -70880,11 +73551,11 @@
     }while( !ok && (sOr.a[j++].flags & TERM_COPIED)!=0 && j<2 );
     if( ok ){
       ExprList *pList = 0;
       Expr *pNew, *pDup;
       Expr *pLeft = 0;
-      for(i=sOr.nTerm-1, pOrTerm=sOr.a; i>=0 && ok; i--, pOrTerm++){
+      for(i=sOr.nTerm-1, pOrTerm=sOr.a; i>=0; i--, pOrTerm++){
         if( (pOrTerm->flags & TERM_OR_OK)==0 ) continue;
         pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrTerm->pExpr->pRight);
         pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pWC->pParse, pList, pDup, 0);
         pLeft = pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft;
       }
@@ -70916,12 +73587,11 @@
   ** A like pattern of the form "x LIKE 'abc%'" is changed into constraints
   **
   **          x>='abc' AND x<'abd' AND x LIKE 'abc%'
   **
   ** The last character of the prefix "abc" is incremented to form the
-  ** termination condidtion "abd".  This trick of incrementing the last
-  ** is not 255 and if the character set is not EBCDIC.
+  ** termination condition "abd".
   */
   if( isLikeOrGlob(db, pExpr, &nPattern, &isComplete, &noCase) ){
     Expr *pLeft, *pRight;
     Expr *pStr1, *pStr2;
     Expr *pNewExpr1, *pNewExpr2;
@@ -70939,11 +73609,14 @@
     if( !db->mallocFailed ){
       u8 c, *pC;
       assert( pStr2->token.dyn );
       pC = (u8*)&pStr2->token.z[nPattern-1];
       c = *pC;
-      if( noCase ) c = sqlite3UpperToLower[c];
+      if( noCase ){
+        if( c=='@' ) isComplete = 0;
+        c = sqlite3UpperToLower[c];
+      }
       *pC = c + 1;
     }
     pNewExpr1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_GE, sqlite3ExprDup(db,pLeft), pStr1, 0);
     idxNew1 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr1, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
     exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew1);
@@ -71101,10 +73774,13 @@
       if( i<nEqCol ){
         /* If an index column that is constrained by == fails to match an
         ** ORDER BY term, that is OK.  Just ignore that column of the index
         */
         continue;
+      }else if( i==pIdx->nColumn ){
+        /* Index column i is the rowid.  All other terms match. */
+        break;
       }else{
         /* If an index column fails to match and is not constrained by ==
         ** then the index cannot satisfy the ORDER BY constraint.
         */
         return 0;
@@ -71178,11 +73854,11 @@
 }
 
 /*
 ** Prepare a crude estimate of the logarithm of the input value.
 ** The results need not be exact.  This is only used for estimating
-** the total cost of performing operatings with O(logN) or O(NlogN)
+** the total cost of performing operations with O(logN) or O(NlogN)
 ** complexity.  Because N is just a guess, it is no great tragedy if
 ** logN is a little off.
 */
 static double estLog(double N){
   double logN = 1;
@@ -71493,11 +74169,11 @@
   int flags;                  /* Flags associated with pProbe */
   int nEq;                    /* Number of == or IN constraints */
   int eqTermMask;             /* Mask of valid equality operators */
   double cost;                /* Cost of using pProbe */
 
-  WHERETRACE(("bestIndex: tbl=%s notReady=%x\n", pSrc->pTab->zName, notReady));
+  WHERETRACE(("bestIndex: tbl=%s notReady=%llx\n", pSrc->pTab->zName, notReady));
   lowestCost = SQLITE_BIG_DBL;
   pProbe = pSrc->pTab->pIndex;
 
   /* If the table has no indices and there are no terms in the where
   ** clause that refer to the ROWID, then we will never be able to do
@@ -71615,11 +74291,11 @@
       if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN ){
         Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
         flags |= WHERE_COLUMN_IN;
         if( pExpr->pSelect!=0 ){
           inMultiplier *= 25;
-        }else if( pExpr->pList!=0 ){
+        }else if( ALWAYS(pExpr->pList) ){
           inMultiplier *= pExpr->pList->nExpr + 1;
         }
       }
     }
     cost = pProbe->aiRowEst[i] * inMultiplier * estLog(inMultiplier);
@@ -71731,11 +74407,11 @@
 ** as we can without disabling too much.  If we disabled in (1), we'd get
 ** the wrong answer.  See ticket #813.
 */
 static void disableTerm(WhereLevel *pLevel, WhereTerm *pTerm){
   if( pTerm
-      && (pTerm->flags & TERM_CODED)==0
+      && ALWAYS((pTerm->flags & TERM_CODED)==0)
       && (pLevel->iLeftJoin==0 || ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin))
   ){
     pTerm->flags |= TERM_CODED;
     if( pTerm->iParent>=0 ){
       WhereTerm *pOther = &pTerm->pWC->a[pTerm->iParent];
@@ -71796,11 +74472,11 @@
     int iTab;
     struct InLoop *pIn;
 
     assert( pX->op==TK_IN );
     iReg = iTarget;
-    eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, 1);
+    eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, 0);
     iTab = pX->iTable;
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iTab, 0);
     VdbeComment((v, "%.*s", pX->span.n, pX->span.z));
     if( pLevel->nIn==0 ){
       pLevel->nxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
@@ -71879,11 +74555,11 @@
   assert( pIdx->nColumn>=nEq );
   for(j=0; j<nEq; j++){
     int r1;
     int k = pIdx->aiColumn[j];
     pTerm = findTerm(pWC, iCur, k, notReady, pLevel->flags, pIdx);
-    if( pTerm==0 ) break;
+    if( NEVER(pTerm==0) ) break;
     assert( (pTerm->flags & TERM_CODED)==0 );
     r1 = codeEqualityTerm(pParse, pTerm, pLevel, regBase+j);
     if( r1!=regBase+j ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, r1, regBase+j);
     }
@@ -72198,11 +74874,11 @@
         bestJ = j;
         pLevel->pBestIdx = pIndex;
       }
       if( doNotReorder ) break;
     }
-    WHERETRACE(("*** Optimizer choose table %d for loop %d\n", bestJ,
+    WHERETRACE(("*** Optimizer selects table %d for loop %d\n", bestJ,
            pLevel-pWInfo->a));
     if( (bestFlags & WHERE_ORDERBY)!=0 ){
       *ppOrderBy = 0;
     }
     andFlags &= bestFlags;
@@ -72369,28 +75045,32 @@
                                                   pBestIdx->aConstraintUsage;
       const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *aConstraint =
                                                   pBestIdx->aConstraint;
 
       iReg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nConstraint+2);
+      pParse->disableColCache++;
       for(j=1; j<=nConstraint; j++){
         int k;
         for(k=0; k<nConstraint; k++){
           if( aUsage[k].argvIndex==j ){
             int iTerm = aConstraint[k].iTermOffset;
+            assert( pParse->disableColCache );
             sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, wc.a[iTerm].pExpr->pRight, iReg+j+1);
             break;
           }
         }
         if( k==nConstraint ) break;
       }
+      assert( pParse->disableColCache );
+      pParse->disableColCache--;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pBestIdx->idxNum, iReg);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, j-1, iReg+1);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VFilter, iCur, brk, iReg, pBestIdx->idxStr,
                         pBestIdx->needToFreeIdxStr ? P4_MPRINTF : P4_STATIC);
       sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, iReg, nConstraint+2);
       pBestIdx->needToFreeIdxStr = 0;
-      for(j=0; j<pBestIdx->nConstraint; j++){
+      for(j=0; j<nConstraint; j++){
         if( aUsage[j].omit ){
           int iTerm = aConstraint[j].iTermOffset;
           disableTerm(pLevel, &wc.a[iTerm]);
         }
       }
@@ -72551,12 +75231,13 @@
       ** this requires some special handling.
       */
       if( (wflags&WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN)!=0
        && (pLevel->flags&WHERE_ORDERBY)
        && (pIdx->nColumn>nEq)
-       && (pOrderBy->a[0].pExpr->iColumn==pIdx->aiColumn[nEq])
       ){
+        assert( pOrderBy->nExpr==1 );
+        assert( pOrderBy->a[0].pExpr->iColumn==pIdx->aiColumn[nEq] );
         isMinQuery = 1;
       }
 
       /* Find any inequality constraint terms for the start and end
       ** of the range.
@@ -72587,11 +75268,11 @@
       /* Seek the index cursor to the start of the range. */
       nConstraint = nEq;
       if( pRangeStart ){
         int dcc = pParse->disableColCache;
         if( pRangeEnd ){
-          pParse->disableColCache = 1;
+          pParse->disableColCache++;
         }
         sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRangeStart->pExpr->pRight, regBase+nEq);
         pParse->disableColCache = dcc;
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+nEq, nxt);
         nConstraint++;
@@ -72609,11 +75290,11 @@
       testcase( op==OP_MoveGt );
       testcase( op==OP_MoveGe );
       testcase( op==OP_MoveLe );
       testcase( op==OP_MoveLt );
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, op, iIdxCur, nxt, regBase,
-                        (char*)nConstraint, P4_INT32);
+                        SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(nConstraint), P4_INT32);
 
       /* Load the value for the inequality constraint at the end of the
       ** range (if any).
       */
       nConstraint = nEq;
@@ -72631,11 +75312,11 @@
       op = aEndOp[(pRangeEnd || nEq) * (1 + bRev)];
       testcase( op==OP_Noop );
       testcase( op==OP_IdxGE );
       testcase( op==OP_IdxLT );
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, op, iIdxCur, nxt, regBase,
-                        (char*)nConstraint, P4_INT32);
+                        SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(nConstraint), P4_INT32);
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, endEq!=bRev);
 
       /* If there are inequality constraints, check that the value
       ** of the table column that the inequality contrains is not NULL.
       ** If it is, jump to the next iteration of the loop.
@@ -72890,12 +75571,12 @@
 /************** End of where.c ***********************************************/
 /************** Begin file parse.c *******************************************/
 /* Driver template for the LEMON parser generator.
 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.
 */
-/* First off, code is include which follows the "include" declaration
-** in the input file. */
+/* First off, code is included that follows the "include" declaration
+** in the input grammar file. */
 
 
 /*
 ** An instance of this structure holds information about the
 ** LIMIT clause of a SELECT statement.
@@ -72994,11 +75675,10 @@
   struct LimitVal yy234;
   TriggerStep* yy243;
   struct TrigEvent yy370;
   SrcList* yy373;
   struct {int value; int mask;} yy405;
-  Token yy410;
   IdList* yy432;
 } YYMINORTYPE;
 #ifndef YYSTACKDEPTH
 #define YYSTACKDEPTH 100
 #endif
@@ -73015,11 +75695,11 @@
 
 /* The yyzerominor constant is used to initialize instances of
 ** YYMINORTYPE objects to zero. */
 static const YYMINORTYPE yyzerominor;
 
-/* Next are that tables used to determine what action to take based on the
+/* Next are the tables used to determine what action to take based on the
 ** current state and lookahead token.  These tables are used to implement
 ** functions that take a state number and lookahead value and return an
 ** action integer.
 **
 ** Suppose the action integer is N.  Then the action is determined as
@@ -73481,11 +76161,11 @@
 /* The next table maps tokens into fallback tokens.  If a construct
 ** like the following:
 **
 **      %fallback ID X Y Z.
 **
-** appears in the grammer, then ID becomes a fallback token for X, Y,
+** appears in the grammar, then ID becomes a fallback token for X, Y,
 ** and Z.  Whenever one of the tokens X, Y, or Z is input to the parser
 ** but it does not parse, the type of the token is changed to ID and
 ** the parse is retried before an error is thrown.
 */
 #ifdef YYFALLBACK
@@ -74151,187 +76831,71 @@
     ** Note: during a reduce, the only symbols destroyed are those
     ** which appear on the RHS of the rule, but which are not used
     ** inside the C code.
     */
     case 155: /* select */
+    case 189: /* oneselect */
+    case 206: /* seltablist_paren */
 {
 sqlite3SelectDelete((yypminor->yy219));
 }
       break;
     case 169: /* term */
-{
-sqlite3ExprDelete((yypminor->yy172));
-}
-      break;
     case 170: /* expr */
+    case 194: /* where_opt */
+    case 196: /* having_opt */
+    case 204: /* on_opt */
+    case 210: /* sortitem */
+    case 218: /* escape */
+    case 221: /* case_operand */
+    case 223: /* case_else */
+    case 235: /* when_clause */
+    case 238: /* key_opt */
 {
 sqlite3ExprDelete((yypminor->yy172));
 }
       break;
     case 174: /* idxlist_opt */
-{
-sqlite3ExprListDelete((yypminor->yy174));
-}
-      break;
     case 182: /* idxlist */
-{
-sqlite3ExprListDelete((yypminor->yy174));
-}
-      break;
-    case 188: /* fullname */
-{
-sqlite3SrcListDelete((yypminor->yy373));
-}
-      break;
-    case 189: /* oneselect */
-{
-sqlite3SelectDelete((yypminor->yy219));
-}
-      break;
     case 192: /* selcollist */
+    case 195: /* groupby_opt */
+    case 197: /* orderby_opt */
+    case 199: /* sclp */
+    case 209: /* sortlist */
+    case 211: /* nexprlist */
+    case 212: /* setlist */
+    case 215: /* itemlist */
+    case 216: /* exprlist */
+    case 222: /* case_exprlist */
 {
 sqlite3ExprListDelete((yypminor->yy174));
 }
       break;
+    case 188: /* fullname */
     case 193: /* from */
-{
-sqlite3SrcListDelete((yypminor->yy373));
-}
-      break;
-    case 194: /* where_opt */
-{
-sqlite3ExprDelete((yypminor->yy172));
-}
-      break;
-    case 195: /* groupby_opt */
-{
-sqlite3ExprListDelete((yypminor->yy174));
-}
-      break;
-    case 196: /* having_opt */
-{
-sqlite3ExprDelete((yypminor->yy172));
-}
-      break;
-    case 197: /* orderby_opt */
-{
-sqlite3ExprListDelete((yypminor->yy174));
-}
-      break;
-    case 199: /* sclp */
-{
-sqlite3ExprListDelete((yypminor->yy174));
-}
-      break;
-    case 201: /* seltablist */
-{
-sqlite3SrcListDelete((yypminor->yy373));
-}
-      break;
+    case 201: /* seltablist */
     case 202: /* stl_prefix */
 {
 sqlite3SrcListDelete((yypminor->yy373));
 }
       break;
-    case 204: /* on_opt */
-{
-sqlite3ExprDelete((yypminor->yy172));
-}
-      break;
     case 205: /* using_opt */
-{
-sqlite3IdListDelete((yypminor->yy432));
-}
-      break;
-    case 206: /* seltablist_paren */
-{
-sqlite3SelectDelete((yypminor->yy219));
-}
-      break;
-    case 208: /* inscollist */
-{
-sqlite3IdListDelete((yypminor->yy432));
-}
-      break;
-    case 209: /* sortlist */
-{
-sqlite3ExprListDelete((yypminor->yy174));
-}
-      break;
-    case 210: /* sortitem */
-{
-sqlite3ExprDelete((yypminor->yy172));
-}
-      break;
-    case 211: /* nexprlist */
-{
-sqlite3ExprListDelete((yypminor->yy174));
-}
-      break;
-    case 212: /* setlist */
-{
-sqlite3ExprListDelete((yypminor->yy174));
-}
-      break;
+    case 208: /* inscollist */
     case 214: /* inscollist_opt */
 {
 sqlite3IdListDelete((yypminor->yy432));
 }
       break;
-    case 215: /* itemlist */
-{
-sqlite3ExprListDelete((yypminor->yy174));
-}
-      break;
-    case 216: /* exprlist */
-{
-sqlite3ExprListDelete((yypminor->yy174));
-}
-      break;
-    case 218: /* escape */
-{
-sqlite3ExprDelete((yypminor->yy172));
-}
-      break;
-    case 221: /* case_operand */
-{
-sqlite3ExprDelete((yypminor->yy172));
-}
-      break;
-    case 222: /* case_exprlist */
-{
-sqlite3ExprListDelete((yypminor->yy174));
-}
-      break;
-    case 223: /* case_else */
-{
-sqlite3ExprDelete((yypminor->yy172));
-}
-      break;
     case 231: /* trigger_cmd_list */
+    case 236: /* trigger_cmd */
 {
 sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep((yypminor->yy243));
 }
       break;
     case 233: /* trigger_event */
 {
 sqlite3IdListDelete((yypminor->yy370).b);
-}
-      break;
-    case 235: /* when_clause */
-{
-sqlite3ExprDelete((yypminor->yy172));
-}
-      break;
-    case 236: /* trigger_cmd */
-{
-sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep((yypminor->yy243));
-}
-      break;
-    case 238: /* key_opt */
-{
-sqlite3ExprDelete((yypminor->yy172));
 }
       break;
     default:  break;   /* If no destructor action specified: do nothing */
   }
 }
@@ -74503,11 +77067,11 @@
 */
 static void yy_shift(
   yyParser *yypParser,          /* The parser to be shifted */
   int yyNewState,               /* The new state to shift in */
   int yyMajor,                  /* The major token to shift in */
-  YYMINORTYPE *yypMinor         /* Pointer ot the minor token to shift in */
+  YYMINORTYPE *yypMinor         /* Pointer to the minor token to shift in */
 ){
   yyStackEntry *yytos;
   yypParser->yyidx++;
 #if YYSTACKDEPTH>0
   if( yypParser->yyidx>=YYSTACKDEPTH ){
@@ -74983,11 +77547,11 @@
       case 19: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */
 {sqlite3RollbackTransaction(pParse);}
         break;
       case 21: /* create_table ::= CREATE temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
 {
-   sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy410,&yymsp[0].minor.yy410,yymsp[-4].minor.yy46,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy46);
+   sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy46,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy46);
 }
         break;
       case 22: /* ifnotexists ::= */
       case 25: /* temp ::= */
       case 63: /* autoinc ::= */
@@ -75011,11 +77575,11 @@
       case 217: /* in_op ::= NOT IN */
 {yygotominor.yy46 = 1;}
         break;
       case 26: /* create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP */
 {
-  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy410,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);
+  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);
 }
         break;
       case 27: /* create_table_args ::= AS select */
 {
   sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy219);
@@ -75022,31 +77586,25 @@
   sqlite3SelectDelete(yymsp[0].minor.yy219);
 }
         break;
       case 30: /* column ::= columnid type carglist */
 {
-  yygotominor.yy410.z = yymsp[-2].minor.yy410.z;
-  yygotominor.yy410.n = (pParse->sLastToken.z-yymsp[-2].minor.yy410.z) + pParse->sLastToken.n;
+  yygotominor.yy0.z = yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z;
+  yygotominor.yy0.n = (pParse->sLastToken.z-yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z) + pParse->sLastToken.n;
 }
         break;
       case 31: /* columnid ::= nm */
 {
-  sqlite3AddColumn(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy410);
-  yygotominor.yy410 = yymsp[0].minor.yy410;
+  sqlite3AddColumn(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  yygotominor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;
 }
         break;
       case 32: /* id ::= ID */
       case 33: /* ids ::= ID|STRING */
       case 34: /* nm ::= ID */
       case 35: /* nm ::= STRING */
       case 36: /* nm ::= JOIN_KW */
-      case 257: /* number ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */
-{yygotominor.yy410 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
-        break;
-      case 38: /* type ::= typetoken */
-{sqlite3AddColumnType(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy410);}
-        break;
       case 39: /* typetoken ::= typename */
       case 42: /* typename ::= ids */
       case 119: /* as ::= AS nm */
       case 120: /* as ::= ids */
       case 131: /* dbnm ::= DOT nm */
@@ -75054,26 +77612,30 @@
       case 243: /* collate ::= COLLATE ids */
       case 253: /* nmnum ::= plus_num */
       case 254: /* nmnum ::= nm */
       case 255: /* plus_num ::= plus_opt number */
       case 256: /* minus_num ::= MINUS number */
-{yygotominor.yy410 = yymsp[0].minor.yy410;}
+      case 257: /* number ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */
+{yygotominor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
+        break;
+      case 38: /* type ::= typetoken */
+{sqlite3AddColumnType(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 40: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
 {
-  yygotominor.yy410.z = yymsp[-3].minor.yy410.z;
-  yygotominor.yy410.n = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n] - yymsp[-3].minor.yy410.z;
+  yygotominor.yy0.z = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z;
+  yygotominor.yy0.n = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n] - yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z;
 }
         break;
       case 41: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
 {
-  yygotominor.yy410.z = yymsp[-5].minor.yy410.z;
-  yygotominor.yy410.n = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n] - yymsp[-5].minor.yy410.z;
+  yygotominor.yy0.z = yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z;
+  yygotominor.yy0.n = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n] - yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z;
 }
         break;
       case 43: /* typename ::= typename ids */
-{yygotominor.yy410.z=yymsp[-1].minor.yy410.z; yygotominor.yy410.n=yymsp[0].minor.yy410.n+(yymsp[0].minor.yy410.z-yymsp[-1].minor.yy410.z);}
+{yygotominor.yy0.z=yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z; yygotominor.yy0.n=yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n+(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z-yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z);}
         break;
       case 50: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT term */
       case 52: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term */
 {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy172);}
         break;
@@ -75086,11 +77648,11 @@
   sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,p);
 }
         break;
       case 54: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT id */
 {
-  Expr *p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_STRING, 0, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy410);
+  Expr *p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_STRING, 0, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
   sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,p);
 }
         break;
       case 56: /* ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
 {sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy46);}
@@ -75103,17 +77665,17 @@
         break;
       case 59: /* ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
 {sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy172);}
         break;
       case 60: /* ccons ::= REFERENCES nm idxlist_opt refargs */
-{sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy410,yymsp[-1].minor.yy174,yymsp[0].minor.yy46);}
+{sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy174,yymsp[0].minor.yy46);}
         break;
       case 61: /* ccons ::= defer_subclause */
 {sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy46);}
         break;
       case 62: /* ccons ::= COLLATE ids */
-{sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, &yymsp[0].minor.yy410);}
+{sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 65: /* refargs ::= */
 { yygotominor.yy46 = OE_Restrict * 0x010101; }
         break;
       case 66: /* refargs ::= refargs refarg */
@@ -75151,14 +77713,14 @@
       case 96: /* resolvetype ::= raisetype */
       case 166: /* insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */
 {yygotominor.yy46 = yymsp[0].minor.yy46;}
         break;
       case 80: /* conslist_opt ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy410.n = 0; yygotominor.yy410.z = 0;}
+{yygotominor.yy0.n = 0; yygotominor.yy0.z = 0;}
         break;
       case 81: /* conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */
-{yygotominor.yy410 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy0;}
+{yygotominor.yy0 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy0;}
         break;
       case 86: /* tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP idxlist autoinc RP onconf */
 {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy174,yymsp[0].minor.yy46,yymsp[-2].minor.yy46,0);}
         break;
       case 87: /* tcons ::= UNIQUE LP idxlist RP onconf */
@@ -75167,11 +77729,11 @@
       case 88: /* tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
 {sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy172);}
         break;
       case 89: /* tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP idxlist RP REFERENCES nm idxlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
 {
-    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy174, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy410, yymsp[-2].minor.yy174, yymsp[-1].minor.yy46);
+    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy174, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy174, yymsp[-1].minor.yy46);
     sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy46);
 }
         break;
       case 92: /* onconf ::= */
       case 94: /* orconf ::= */
@@ -75189,11 +77751,11 @@
   sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy373, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy46);
 }
         break;
       case 102: /* cmd ::= CREATE temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm AS select */
 {
-  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy410, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy410, yymsp[0].minor.yy219, yymsp[-6].minor.yy46, yymsp[-4].minor.yy46);
+  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy219, yymsp[-6].minor.yy46, yymsp[-4].minor.yy46);
 }
         break;
       case 103: /* cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
 {
   sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy373, 1, yymsp[-1].minor.yy46);
@@ -75200,11 +77762,11 @@
 }
         break;
       case 104: /* cmd ::= select */
 {
   SelectDest dest = {SRT_Callback, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy219, &dest, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+  sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy219, &dest, 0, 0, 0);
   sqlite3SelectDelete(yymsp[0].minor.yy219);
 }
         break;
       case 105: /* select ::= oneselect */
       case 128: /* seltablist_paren ::= select */
@@ -75240,11 +77802,11 @@
       case 237: /* idxlist_opt ::= */
 {yygotominor.yy174 = 0;}
         break;
       case 116: /* selcollist ::= sclp expr as */
 {
-   yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy174,yymsp[-1].minor.yy172,yymsp[0].minor.yy410.n?&yymsp[0].minor.yy410:0);
+   yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy174,yymsp[-1].minor.yy172,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n?&yymsp[0].minor.yy0:0);
 }
         break;
       case 117: /* selcollist ::= sclp STAR */
 {
   Expr *p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ALL, 0, 0, 0);
@@ -75252,17 +77814,17 @@
 }
         break;
       case 118: /* selcollist ::= sclp nm DOT STAR */
 {
   Expr *pRight = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ALL, 0, 0, 0);
-  Expr *pLeft = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy410);
+  Expr *pLeft = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
   Expr *pDot = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight, 0);
   yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy174, pDot, 0);
 }
         break;
       case 121: /* as ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy410.n = 0;}
+{yygotominor.yy0.n = 0;}
         break;
       case 122: /* from ::= */
 {yygotominor.yy373 = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*yygotominor.yy373));}
         break;
       case 123: /* from ::= FROM seltablist */
@@ -75280,41 +77842,41 @@
       case 125: /* stl_prefix ::= */
 {yygotominor.yy373 = 0;}
         break;
       case 126: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as on_opt using_opt */
 {
-  yygotominor.yy373 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy373,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy410,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy410,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy410,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy172,yymsp[0].minor.yy432);
+  yygotominor.yy373 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy373,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy172,yymsp[0].minor.yy432);
 }
         break;
       case 127: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist_paren RP as on_opt using_opt */
 {
-    yygotominor.yy373 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy373,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy410,yymsp[-4].minor.yy219,yymsp[-1].minor.yy172,yymsp[0].minor.yy432);
+    yygotominor.yy373 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy373,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy219,yymsp[-1].minor.yy172,yymsp[0].minor.yy432);
   }
         break;
       case 129: /* seltablist_paren ::= seltablist */
 {
      sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[0].minor.yy373);
      yygotominor.yy219 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy373,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
   }
         break;
       case 130: /* dbnm ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy410.z=0; yygotominor.yy410.n=0;}
+{yygotominor.yy0.z=0; yygotominor.yy0.n=0;}
         break;
       case 132: /* fullname ::= nm dbnm */
-{yygotominor.yy373 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy410,&yymsp[0].minor.yy410);}
+{yygotominor.yy373 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 133: /* joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
 { yygotominor.yy46 = JT_INNER; }
         break;
       case 134: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
 { yygotominor.yy46 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,0); }
         break;
       case 135: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
-{ yygotominor.yy46 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy410,0); }
+{ yygotominor.yy46 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0); }
         break;
       case 136: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
-{ yygotominor.yy46 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy410,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy410); }
+{ yygotominor.yy46 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0); }
         break;
       case 137: /* on_opt ::= ON expr */
       case 145: /* sortitem ::= expr */
       case 152: /* having_opt ::= HAVING expr */
       case 159: /* where_opt ::= WHERE expr */
@@ -75384,14 +77946,14 @@
   sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy174,"set list");
   sqlite3Update(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy373,yymsp[-1].minor.yy174,yymsp[0].minor.yy172,yymsp[-4].minor.yy46);
 }
         break;
       case 161: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
-{yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy174,yymsp[0].minor.yy172,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy410);}
+{yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy174,yymsp[0].minor.yy172,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 162: /* setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
-{yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy172,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy410);}
+{yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy172,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 163: /* cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO fullname inscollist_opt VALUES LP itemlist RP */
 {sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy373, yymsp[-1].minor.yy174, 0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy432, yymsp[-7].minor.yy46);}
         break;
       case 164: /* cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO fullname inscollist_opt select */
@@ -75407,14 +77969,14 @@
       case 169: /* itemlist ::= expr */
       case 233: /* nexprlist ::= expr */
 {yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy172,0);}
         break;
       case 172: /* inscollist ::= inscollist COMMA nm */
-{yygotominor.yy432 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,yymsp[-2].minor.yy432,&yymsp[0].minor.yy410);}
+{yygotominor.yy432 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,yymsp[-2].minor.yy432,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 173: /* inscollist ::= nm */
-{yygotominor.yy432 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy410);}
+{yygotominor.yy432 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 175: /* expr ::= LP expr RP */
 {yygotominor.yy172 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy172; sqlite3ExprSpan(yygotominor.yy172,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); }
         break;
       case 176: /* term ::= NULL */
@@ -75426,20 +77988,20 @@
       case 178: /* expr ::= JOIN_KW */
 {yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 179: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm */
 {
-  Expr *temp1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy410);
-  Expr *temp2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy410);
+  Expr *temp1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
+  Expr *temp2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
   yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp2, 0);
 }
         break;
       case 180: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
 {
-  Expr *temp1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy410);
-  Expr *temp2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy410);
-  Expr *temp3 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy410);
+  Expr *temp1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
+  Expr *temp2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
+  Expr *temp3 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
   Expr *temp4 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp2, temp3, 0);
   yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp4, 0);
 }
         break;
       case 183: /* expr ::= REGISTER */
@@ -75452,16 +78014,16 @@
   sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, pExpr);
 }
         break;
       case 185: /* expr ::= expr COLLATE ids */
 {
-  yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3ExprSetColl(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy172, &yymsp[0].minor.yy410);
+  yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3ExprSetColl(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy172, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
       case 186: /* expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
 {
-  yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CAST, yymsp[-3].minor.yy172, 0, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy410);
+  yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CAST, yymsp[-3].minor.yy172, 0, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
   sqlite3ExprSpan(yygotominor.yy172,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
       case 187: /* expr ::= ID LP distinct exprlist RP */
 {
@@ -75584,11 +78146,11 @@
       case 218: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
 {
     yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy172, 0, 0);
     if( yygotominor.yy172 ){
       yygotominor.yy172->pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy174;
-      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(yygotominor.yy172);
+      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, yygotominor.yy172);
     }else{
       sqlite3ExprListDelete(yymsp[-1].minor.yy174);
     }
     if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy46 ) yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yygotominor.yy172, 0, 0);
     sqlite3ExprSpan(yygotominor.yy172,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy172->span,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
@@ -75597,11 +78159,11 @@
       case 219: /* expr ::= LP select RP */
 {
     yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0, 0);
     if( yygotominor.yy172 ){
       yygotominor.yy172->pSelect = yymsp[-1].minor.yy219;
-      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(yygotominor.yy172);
+      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, yygotominor.yy172);
     }else{
       sqlite3SelectDelete(yymsp[-1].minor.yy219);
     }
     sqlite3ExprSpan(yygotominor.yy172,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
   }
@@ -75609,39 +78171,39 @@
       case 220: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
 {
     yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy172, 0, 0);
     if( yygotominor.yy172 ){
       yygotominor.yy172->pSelect = yymsp[-1].minor.yy219;
-      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(yygotominor.yy172);
+      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, yygotominor.yy172);
     }else{
       sqlite3SelectDelete(yymsp[-1].minor.yy219);
     }
     if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy46 ) yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yygotominor.yy172, 0, 0);
     sqlite3ExprSpan(yygotominor.yy172,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy172->span,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
   }
         break;
       case 221: /* expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm */
 {
-    SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy410,&yymsp[0].minor.yy410);
+    SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
     yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-3].minor.yy172, 0, 0);
     if( yygotominor.yy172 ){
       yygotominor.yy172->pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
-      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(yygotominor.yy172);
+      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, yygotominor.yy172);
     }else{
       sqlite3SrcListDelete(pSrc);
     }
     if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy46 ) yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yygotominor.yy172, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3ExprSpan(yygotominor.yy172,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy172->span,yymsp[0].minor.yy410.z?&yymsp[0].minor.yy410:&yymsp[-1].minor.yy410);
+    sqlite3ExprSpan(yygotominor.yy172,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy172->span,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z?&yymsp[0].minor.yy0:&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
   }
         break;
       case 222: /* expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
 {
     Expr *p = yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0, 0);
     if( p ){
       p->pSelect = yymsp[-1].minor.yy219;
       sqlite3ExprSpan(p,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(yygotominor.yy172);
+      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, yygotominor.yy172);
     }else{
       sqlite3SelectDelete(yymsp[-1].minor.yy219);
     }
   }
         break;
@@ -75648,11 +78210,11 @@
       case 223: /* expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
 {
   yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, yymsp[-3].minor.yy172, yymsp[-1].minor.yy172, 0);
   if( yygotominor.yy172 ){
     yygotominor.yy172->pList = yymsp[-2].minor.yy174;
-    sqlite3ExprSetHeight(yygotominor.yy172);
+    sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, yygotominor.yy172);
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(yymsp[-2].minor.yy174);
   }
   sqlite3ExprSpan(yygotominor.yy172, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
@@ -75669,12 +78231,12 @@
   yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yygotominor.yy174, yymsp[0].minor.yy172, 0);
 }
         break;
       case 234: /* cmd ::= CREATE uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP idxlist RP */
 {
-  sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy410, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy410,
-                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy410,0), yymsp[-1].minor.yy174, yymsp[-9].minor.yy46,
+  sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,
+                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,0), yymsp[-1].minor.yy174, yymsp[-9].minor.yy46,
                       &yymsp[-10].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, SQLITE_SO_ASC, yymsp[-7].minor.yy46);
 }
         break;
       case 235: /* uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
       case 283: /* raisetype ::= ABORT */
@@ -75684,71 +78246,69 @@
 {yygotominor.yy46 = OE_None;}
         break;
       case 239: /* idxlist ::= idxlist COMMA idxitem collate sortorder */
 {
   Expr *p = 0;
-  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy410.n>0 ){
+  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n>0 ){
     p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3ExprSetColl(pParse, p, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy410);
-  }
-  yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy174, p, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy410);
+    sqlite3ExprSetColl(pParse, p, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+  }
+  yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy174, p, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
   sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, yygotominor.yy174, "index");
   if( yygotominor.yy174 ) yygotominor.yy174->a[yygotominor.yy174->nExpr-1].sortOrder = yymsp[0].minor.yy46;
 }
         break;
       case 240: /* idxlist ::= idxitem collate sortorder */
 {
   Expr *p = 0;
-  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy410.n>0 ){
+  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n>0 ){
     p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3ExprSetColl(pParse, p, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy410);
-  }
-  yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, p, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy410);
+    sqlite3ExprSetColl(pParse, p, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+  }
+  yygotominor.yy174 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, p, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
   sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, yygotominor.yy174, "index");
   if( yygotominor.yy174 ) yygotominor.yy174->a[yygotominor.yy174->nExpr-1].sortOrder = yymsp[0].minor.yy46;
 }
         break;
       case 242: /* collate ::= */
-{yygotominor.yy410.z = 0; yygotominor.yy410.n = 0;}
+{yygotominor.yy0.z = 0; yygotominor.yy0.n = 0;}
         break;
       case 244: /* cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
 {sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy373, yymsp[-1].minor.yy46);}
         break;
       case 245: /* cmd ::= VACUUM */
       case 246: /* cmd ::= VACUUM nm */
 {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse);}
         break;
       case 247: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
-{sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy410,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy410,&yymsp[0].minor.yy410,0);}
-        break;
       case 248: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ ON */
       case 249: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ DELETE */
-{sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy410,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy410,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);}
+{sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);}
         break;
       case 250: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
 {
-  sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy410,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy410,&yymsp[0].minor.yy410,1);
+  sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,1);
 }
         break;
       case 251: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
-{sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy410,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy410,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy410,0);}
+{sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0);}
         break;
       case 252: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
-{sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy410,&yymsp[0].minor.yy410,0,0);}
+{sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0,0);}
         break;
       case 260: /* cmd ::= CREATE trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
 {
   Token all;
-  all.z = yymsp[-3].minor.yy410.z;
-  all.n = (yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z - yymsp[-3].minor.yy410.z) + yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
+  all.z = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z;
+  all.n = (yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z - yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z) + yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
   sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy243, &all);
 }
         break;
       case 261: /* trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
 {
-  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy410, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy410, yymsp[-5].minor.yy46, yymsp[-4].minor.yy370.a, yymsp[-4].minor.yy370.b, yymsp[-2].minor.yy373, yymsp[0].minor.yy172, yymsp[-10].minor.yy46, yymsp[-8].minor.yy46);
-  yygotominor.yy410 = (yymsp[-6].minor.yy410.n==0?yymsp[-7].minor.yy410:yymsp[-6].minor.yy410);
+  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-5].minor.yy46, yymsp[-4].minor.yy370.a, yymsp[-4].minor.yy370.b, yymsp[-2].minor.yy373, yymsp[0].minor.yy172, yymsp[-10].minor.yy46, yymsp[-8].minor.yy46);
+  yygotominor.yy0 = (yymsp[-6].minor.yy0.n==0?yymsp[-7].minor.yy0:yymsp[-6].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
       case 262: /* trigger_time ::= BEFORE */
       case 265: /* trigger_time ::= */
 { yygotominor.yy46 = TK_BEFORE; }
@@ -75787,20 +78347,20 @@
         break;
       case 274: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= */
 { yygotominor.yy243 = 0; }
         break;
       case 275: /* trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf nm SET setlist where_opt */
-{ yygotominor.yy243 = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy410, yymsp[-1].minor.yy174, yymsp[0].minor.yy172, yymsp[-4].minor.yy46); }
+{ yygotominor.yy243 = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy174, yymsp[0].minor.yy172, yymsp[-4].minor.yy46); }
         break;
       case 276: /* trigger_cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO nm inscollist_opt VALUES LP itemlist RP */
-{yygotominor.yy243 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy410, yymsp[-4].minor.yy432, yymsp[-1].minor.yy174, 0, yymsp[-7].minor.yy46);}
+{yygotominor.yy243 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy432, yymsp[-1].minor.yy174, 0, yymsp[-7].minor.yy46);}
         break;
       case 277: /* trigger_cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO nm inscollist_opt select */
-{yygotominor.yy243 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy410, yymsp[-1].minor.yy432, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy219, yymsp[-4].minor.yy46);}
+{yygotominor.yy243 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy432, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy219, yymsp[-4].minor.yy46);}
         break;
       case 278: /* trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM nm where_opt */
-{yygotominor.yy243 = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy410, yymsp[0].minor.yy172);}
+{yygotominor.yy243 = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy172);}
         break;
       case 279: /* trigger_cmd ::= select */
 {yygotominor.yy243 = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy219); }
         break;
       case 280: /* expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
@@ -75812,11 +78372,11 @@
   }
 }
         break;
       case 281: /* expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
 {
-  yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy410);
+  yygotominor.yy172 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
   if( yygotominor.yy172 ) {
     yygotominor.yy172->iColumn = yymsp[-3].minor.yy46;
     sqlite3ExprSpan(yygotominor.yy172, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
   }
 }
@@ -75844,26 +78404,26 @@
         break;
       case 292: /* cmd ::= REINDEX */
 {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, 0, 0);}
         break;
       case 293: /* cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
-{sqlite3Reindex(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy410, &yymsp[0].minor.yy410);}
+{sqlite3Reindex(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 294: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE */
 {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, 0, 0);}
         break;
       case 295: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
-{sqlite3Analyze(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy410, &yymsp[0].minor.yy410);}
+{sqlite3Analyze(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 296: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
 {
-  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy373,&yymsp[0].minor.yy410);
+  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy373,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
       case 297: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt column */
 {
-  sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(pParse, &yymsp[0].minor.yy410);
+  sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(pParse, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
       case 298: /* add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
 {
   sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy373);
@@ -75875,11 +78435,11 @@
       case 302: /* cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
 {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 303: /* create_vtab ::= CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE nm dbnm USING nm */
 {
-    sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy410, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy410, &yymsp[0].minor.yy410);
+    sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
       case 306: /* vtabarg ::= */
 {sqlite3VtabArgInit(pParse);}
         break;
@@ -76145,11 +78705,11 @@
 **
 ** This file contains C code that splits an SQL input string up into
 ** individual tokens and sends those tokens one-by-one over to the
 ** parser for analysis.
 **
-** $Id: tokenize.c,v 1.142 2008/04/28 18:46:43 drh Exp $
+** $Id: tokenize.c,v 1.146 2008/07/08 19:34:07 drh Exp $
 */
 
 /*
 ** The charMap() macro maps alphabetic characters into their
 ** lower-case ASCII equivalent.  On ASCII machines, this is just
@@ -76617,13 +79177,13 @@
 }
 
 /*
 ** Run the parser on the given SQL string.  The parser structure is
 ** passed in.  An SQLITE_ status code is returned.  If an error occurs
-** and pzErrMsg!=NULL then an error message might be written into
-** memory obtained from sqlite3_malloc() and *pzErrMsg made to point to that
-** error message.  Or maybe not.
+** then an and attempt is made to write an error message into
+** memory obtained from sqlite3_malloc() and to make *pzErrMsg point to that
+** error message.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse *pParse, const char *zSql, char **pzErrMsg){
   int nErr = 0;
   int i;
   void *pEngine;
@@ -76636,11 +79196,12 @@
     db->u1.isInterrupted = 0;
   }
   pParse->rc = SQLITE_OK;
   pParse->zTail = pParse->zSql = zSql;
   i = 0;
-  pEngine = sqlite3ParserAlloc((void*(*)(size_t))sqlite3_malloc);
+  assert( pzErrMsg!=0 );
+  pEngine = sqlite3ParserAlloc((void*(*)(size_t))sqlite3Malloc);
   if( pEngine==0 ){
     db->mallocFailed = 1;
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
   assert( pParse->sLastToken.dyn==0 );
@@ -76663,21 +79224,19 @@
     switch( tokenType ){
       case TK_SPACE:
       case TK_COMMENT: {
         if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
           pParse->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
-          sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, "interrupt", (char*)0);
+          sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "interrupt");
           goto abort_parse;
         }
         break;
       }
       case TK_ILLEGAL: {
-        if( pzErrMsg ){
-          sqlite3_free(*pzErrMsg);
-          *pzErrMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "unrecognized token: \"%T\"",
-                          &pParse->sLastToken);
-        }
+        sqlite3_free(*pzErrMsg);
+        *pzErrMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "unrecognized token: \"%T\"",
+                        &pParse->sLastToken);
         nErr++;
         goto abort_parse;
       }
       case TK_SEMI: {
         pParse->zTail = &zSql[i];
@@ -76704,14 +79263,14 @@
   sqlite3ParserFree(pEngine, sqlite3_free);
   if( db->mallocFailed ){
     pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
   if( pParse->rc!=SQLITE_OK && pParse->rc!=SQLITE_DONE && pParse->zErrMsg==0 ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&pParse->zErrMsg, sqlite3ErrStr(pParse->rc), (char*)0);
+    sqlite3SetString(&pParse->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(pParse->rc));
   }
   if( pParse->zErrMsg ){
-    if( pzErrMsg && *pzErrMsg==0 ){
+    if( *pzErrMsg==0 ){
       *pzErrMsg = pParse->zErrMsg;
     }else{
       sqlite3_free(pParse->zErrMsg);
     }
     pParse->zErrMsg = 0;
@@ -76766,11 +79325,11 @@
 ** This file contains C code that implements the sqlite3_complete() API.
 ** This code used to be part of the tokenizer.c source file.  But by
 ** separating it out, the code will be automatically omitted from
 ** static links that do not use it.
 **
-** $Id: complete.c,v 1.6 2007/08/27 23:26:59 drh Exp $
+** $Id: complete.c,v 1.7 2008/06/13 18:24:27 drh Exp $
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE
 
 /*
 ** This is defined in tokenize.c.  We just have to import the definition.
@@ -77007,15 +79566,21 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *zSql){
   sqlite3_value *pVal;
   char const *zSql8;
   int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  rc = sqlite3_initialize();
+  if( rc ) return rc;
+#endif
   pVal = sqlite3ValueNew(0);
   sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, -1, zSql, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE, SQLITE_STATIC);
   zSql8 = sqlite3ValueText(pVal, SQLITE_UTF8);
   if( zSql8 ){
     rc = sqlite3_complete(zSql8);
+  }else{
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
   sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
   return sqlite3ApiExit(0, rc);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
@@ -77037,12 +79602,13 @@
 ** Main file for the SQLite library.  The routines in this file
 ** implement the programmer interface to the library.  Routines in
 ** other files are for internal use by SQLite and should not be
 ** accessed by users of the library.
 **
-** $Id: main.c,v 1.439 2008/05/13 13:27:34 drh Exp $
-*/
+** $Id: main.c,v 1.477 2008/07/15 14:47:19 drh Exp $
+*/
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
 /************** Include fts3.h in the middle of main.c ***********************/
 /************** Begin file fts3.h ********************************************/
 /*
 ** 2006 Oct 10
@@ -77071,10 +79637,42 @@
 #endif  /* __cplusplus */
 
 /************** End of fts3.h ************************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in main.c ***********************/
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
+/************** Include rtree.h in the middle of main.c **********************/
+/************** Begin file rtree.h *******************************************/
+/*
+** 2008 May 26
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This header file is used by programs that want to link against the
+** RTREE library.  All it does is declare the sqlite3RtreeInit() interface.
+*/
+
+#if 0
+extern "C" {
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RtreeInit(sqlite3 *db);
+
+#if 0
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/************** End of rtree.h ***********************************************/
+/************** Continuing where we left off in main.c ***********************/
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** The version of the library
 */
 SQLITE_API const char sqlite3_version[] = SQLITE_VERSION;
@@ -77098,10 +79696,219 @@
 ** temporary files.
 **
 ** See also the "PRAGMA temp_store_directory" SQL command.
 */
 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_temp_directory = 0;
+
+/*
+** Initialize SQLite.
+**
+** This routine must be called to initialize the memory allocation,
+** VFS, and mutex subsystesms prior to doing any serious work with
+** SQLite.  But as long as you do not compile with SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+** this routine will be called automatically by key routines such as
+** sqlite3_open().
+**
+** This routine is a no-op except on its very first call for the process,
+** or for the first call after a call to sqlite3_shutdown.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void){
+  static int inProgress = 0;
+  int rc;
+
+  /* If SQLite is already initialized, this call is a no-op. */
+  if( sqlite3Config.isInit ) return SQLITE_OK;
+
+  /* Make sure the mutex system is initialized. */
+  rc = sqlite3MutexInit();
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+
+    /* Initialize the malloc() system and the recursive pInitMutex mutex.
+    ** This operation is protected by the STATIC_MASTER mutex.
+    */
+    sqlite3_mutex *pMaster = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMaster);
+    if( !sqlite3Config.isMallocInit ){
+      rc = sqlite3MallocInit();
+    }
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3Config.isMallocInit = 1;
+      if( !sqlite3Config.pInitMutex ){
+        sqlite3Config.pInitMutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
+        if( sqlite3Config.bCoreMutex && !sqlite3Config.pInitMutex ){
+          rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMaster);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      return rc;
+    }
+
+    /* Enter the recursive pInitMutex mutex. After doing so, if the
+    ** sqlite3Config.isInit flag is true, then some other thread has
+    ** finished doing the initialization. If the inProgress flag is
+    ** true, then this function is being called recursively from within
+    ** the sqlite3_os_init() call below. In either case, exit early.
+    */
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3Config.pInitMutex);
+    if( sqlite3Config.isInit || inProgress ){
+      sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3Config.pInitMutex);
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
+    sqlite3StatusReset();
+    inProgress = 1;
+    rc = sqlite3_os_init();
+    inProgress = 0;
+    sqlite3Config.isInit = (rc==SQLITE_OK ? 1 : 0);
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3Config.pInitMutex);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Undo the effects of sqlite3_initialize().  Must not be called while
+** there are outstanding database connections or memory allocations or
+** while any part of SQLite is otherwise in use in any thread.  This
+** routine is not threadsafe.  Not by a long shot.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void){
+  sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3Config.pInitMutex);
+  sqlite3Config.pInitMutex = 0;
+  sqlite3Config.isMallocInit = 0;
+  if( sqlite3Config.isInit ){
+    sqlite3_os_end();
+  }
+  if( sqlite3Config.m.xShutdown ){
+    sqlite3MallocEnd();
+  }
+  if( sqlite3Config.mutex.xMutexEnd ){
+    sqlite3MutexEnd();
+  }
+  sqlite3Config.isInit = 0;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** This API allows applications to modify the global configuration of
+** the SQLite library at run-time.
+**
+** This routine should only be called when there are no outstanding
+** database connections or memory allocations.  This routine is not
+** threadsafe.  Failure to heed these warnings can lead to unpredictable
+** behavior.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int op, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  /* sqlite3_config() shall return SQLITE_MISUSE if it is invoked while
+  ** the SQLite library is in use. */
+  if( sqlite3Config.isInit ) return SQLITE_MISUSE;
+
+  va_start(ap, op);
+  switch( op ){
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD: {
+      /* Disable all mutexing */
+      sqlite3Config.bCoreMutex = 0;
+      sqlite3Config.bFullMutex = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD: {
+      /* Disable mutexing of database connections */
+      /* Enable mutexing of core data structures */
+      sqlite3Config.bCoreMutex = 1;
+      sqlite3Config.bFullMutex = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED: {
+      /* Enable all mutexing */
+      sqlite3Config.bCoreMutex = 1;
+      sqlite3Config.bFullMutex = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC: {
+      /* Specify an alternative malloc implementation */
+      sqlite3Config.m = *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mem_methods*);
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC: {
+      /* Retrieve the current malloc() implementation */
+      if( sqlite3Config.m.xMalloc==0 ) sqlite3MemSetDefault();
+      *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mem_methods*) = sqlite3Config.m;
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX: {
+      /* Specify an alternative mutex implementation */
+      sqlite3Config.mutex = *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mutex_methods*);
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX: {
+      /* Retrieve the current mutex implementation */
+      *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mutex_methods*) = sqlite3Config.mutex;
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS: {
+      /* Enable or disable the malloc status collection */
+      sqlite3Config.bMemstat = va_arg(ap, int);
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH: {
+      /* Designate a buffer for scratch memory space */
+      sqlite3Config.pScratch = va_arg(ap, void*);
+      sqlite3Config.szScratch = va_arg(ap, int);
+      sqlite3Config.nScratch = va_arg(ap, int);
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: {
+      /* Designate a buffer for scratch memory space */
+      sqlite3Config.pPage = va_arg(ap, void*);
+      sqlite3Config.szPage = va_arg(ap, int);
+      sqlite3Config.nPage = va_arg(ap, int);
+      break;
+    }
+
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5)
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP: {
+      /* Designate a buffer for heap memory space */
+      sqlite3Config.pHeap = va_arg(ap, void*);
+      sqlite3Config.nHeap = va_arg(ap, int);
+      sqlite3Config.mnReq = va_arg(ap, int);
+
+      if( sqlite3Config.pHeap==0 ){
+        /* If the heap pointer is NULL, then restore the malloc implementation
+        ** back to NULL pointers too.  This will cause the malloc to go
+        ** back to its default implementation when sqlite3_initialize() is
+        ** run.
+        */
+        memset(&sqlite3Config.m, 0, sizeof(sqlite3Config.m));
+      }else{
+        /* The heap pointer is not NULL, then install one of the
+        ** mem5.c/mem3.c methods. If neither ENABLE_MEMSYS3 nor
+        ** ENABLE_MEMSYS5 is defined, return an error.
+        ** the default case and return an error.
+        */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
+        sqlite3Config.m = sqlite3MemGetMemsys3();
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
+        sqlite3Config.m = sqlite3MemGetMemsys5();
+#endif
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    default: {
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  va_end(ap);
+  return rc;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Routine needed to support the testcase() macro.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
@@ -77304,11 +80111,11 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3 *db){
   int i;
   int inTrans = 0;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3FaultBeginBenign(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC);
+  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
   for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
     if( db->aDb[i].pBt ){
       if( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(db->aDb[i].pBt) ){
         inTrans = 1;
       }
@@ -77315,11 +80122,11 @@
       sqlite3BtreeRollback(db->aDb[i].pBt);
       db->aDb[i].inTrans = 0;
     }
   }
   sqlite3VtabRollback(db);
-  sqlite3FaultEndBenign(SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC);
+  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
 
   if( db->flags&SQLITE_InternChanges ){
     sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
     sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
   }
@@ -77376,11 +80183,11 @@
 */
 static int sqliteDefaultBusyCallback(
  void *ptr,               /* Database connection */
  int count                /* Number of times table has been busy */
 ){
-#if OS_WIN || (defined(HAVE_USLEEP) && HAVE_USLEEP)
+#if SQLITE_OS_WIN || (defined(HAVE_USLEEP) && HAVE_USLEEP)
   static const u8 delays[] =
      { 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 25,  25,  50,  50, 100 };
   static const u8 totals[] =
      { 0, 1, 3,  8, 18, 33, 53, 78, 103, 128, 178, 228 };
 # define NDELAY (sizeof(delays)/sizeof(delays[0]))
@@ -77420,11 +80227,11 @@
 ** If this routine returns non-zero, the lock is retried.  If it
 ** returns 0, the operation aborts with an SQLITE_BUSY error.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler *p){
   int rc;
-  if( p==0 || p->xFunc==0 || p->nBusy<0 ) return 0;
+  if( NEVER(p==0) || p->xFunc==0 || p->nBusy<0 ) return 0;
   rc = p->xFunc(p->pArg, p->nBusy);
   if( rc==0 ){
     p->nBusy = -1;
   }else{
     p->nBusy++;
@@ -77459,23 +80266,21 @@
   sqlite3 *db,
   int nOps,
   int (*xProgress)(void*),
   void *pArg
 ){
-  if( sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-    if( nOps>0 ){
-      db->xProgress = xProgress;
-      db->nProgressOps = nOps;
-      db->pProgressArg = pArg;
-    }else{
-      db->xProgress = 0;
-      db->nProgressOps = 0;
-      db->pProgressArg = 0;
-    }
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
+  if( nOps>0 ){
+    db->xProgress = xProgress;
+    db->nProgressOps = nOps;
+    db->pProgressArg = pArg;
+  }else{
+    db->xProgress = 0;
+    db->nProgressOps = 0;
+    db->pProgressArg = 0;
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
 }
 #endif
 
 
 /*
@@ -77494,13 +80299,11 @@
 
 /*
 ** Cause any pending operation to stop at its earliest opportunity.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3 *db){
-  if( sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
-    db->u1.isInterrupted = 1;
-  }
+  db->u1.isInterrupted = 1;
 }
 
 
 /*
 ** This function is exactly the same as sqlite3_create_function(), except
@@ -77524,12 +80327,12 @@
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   if( zFunctionName==0 ||
       (xFunc && (xFinal || xStep)) ||
       (!xFunc && (xFinal && !xStep)) ||
       (!xFunc && (!xFinal && xStep)) ||
-      (nArg<-1 || nArg>127) ||
-      (255<(nName = strlen(zFunctionName))) ){
+      (nArg<-1 || nArg>SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG) ||
+      (255<(nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zFunctionName))) ){
     sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_ERROR, "bad parameters");
     return SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
@@ -77651,11 +80454,11 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(
   sqlite3 *db,
   const char *zName,
   int nArg
 ){
-  int nName = strlen(zName);
+  int nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
   int rc;
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   if( sqlite3FindFunction(db, zName, nName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, 0)==0 ){
     sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8,
                       0, sqlite3InvalidFunction, 0, 0);
@@ -77771,23 +80574,23 @@
 ** is a "virtual" database for transient use only and is deleted as
 ** soon as the connection is closed.
 **
 ** A virtual database can be either a disk file (that is automatically
 ** deleted when the file is closed) or it an be held entirely in memory,
-** depending on the values of the TEMP_STORE compile-time macro and the
+** depending on the values of the SQLITE_TEMP_STORE compile-time macro and the
 ** db->temp_store variable, according to the following chart:
 **
-**       TEMP_STORE     db->temp_store     Location of temporary database
-**       ----------     --------------     ------------------------------
-**           0               any             file
-**           1                1              file
-**           1                2              memory
-**           1                0              file
-**           2                1              file
-**           2                2              memory
-**           2                0              memory
-**           3               any             memory
+**   SQLITE_TEMP_STORE     db->temp_store     Location of temporary database
+**   -----------------     --------------     ------------------------------
+**   0                     any                file
+**   1                     1                  file
+**   1                     2                  memory
+**   1                     0                  file
+**   2                     1                  file
+**   2                     2                  memory
+**   2                     0                  memory
+**   3                     any                memory
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFactory(
   const sqlite3 *db,        /* Main database when opening aux otherwise 0 */
   const char *zFilename,    /* Name of the file containing the BTree database */
   int omitJournal,          /* if TRUE then do not journal this file */
@@ -77805,31 +80608,37 @@
   }
   if( db->flags & SQLITE_NoReadlock ){
     btFlags |= BTREE_NO_READLOCK;
   }
   if( zFilename==0 ){
-#if TEMP_STORE==0
+#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==0
     /* Do nothing */
 #endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
-#if TEMP_STORE==1
+#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==1
     if( db->temp_store==2 ) zFilename = ":memory:";
 #endif
-#if TEMP_STORE==2
+#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==2
     if( db->temp_store!=1 ) zFilename = ":memory:";
 #endif
-#if TEMP_STORE==3
+#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3
     zFilename = ":memory:";
 #endif
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB */
   }
 
   if( (vfsFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)!=0 && (zFilename==0 || *zFilename==0) ){
     vfsFlags = (vfsFlags & ~SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB) | SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB;
   }
   rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(zFilename, (sqlite3 *)db, ppBtree, btFlags, vfsFlags);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+
+  /* If the B-Tree was successfully opened, set the pager-cache size to the
+  ** default value. Except, if the call to BtreeOpen() returned a handle
+  ** open on an existing shared pager-cache, do not change the pager-cache
+  ** size.
+  */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && 0==sqlite3BtreeSchema(*ppBtree, 0, 0) ){
     sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(*ppBtree, nCache);
   }
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -77840,16 +80649,17 @@
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3 *db){
   const char *z;
   if( !db ){
     return sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_NOMEM);
   }
-  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) || db->errCode==SQLITE_MISUSE ){
+  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
     return sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_MISUSE);
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   assert( !db->mallocFailed );
   z = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr);
+  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
   if( z==0 ){
     z = sqlite3ErrStr(db->errCode);
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return z;
@@ -77882,11 +80692,11 @@
 
   const void *z;
   if( !db ){
     return (void *)(&outOfMemBe[SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE==SQLITE_UTF16LE?1:0]);
   }
-  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) || db->errCode==SQLITE_MISUSE ){
+  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
     return (void *)(&misuseBe[SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE==SQLITE_UTF16LE?1:0]);
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   assert( !db->mallocFailed );
   z = sqlite3_value_text16(db->pErr);
@@ -77893,11 +80703,16 @@
   if( z==0 ){
     sqlite3ValueSetStr(db->pErr, -1, sqlite3ErrStr(db->errCode),
          SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
     z = sqlite3_value_text16(db->pErr);
   }
-  sqlite3ApiExit(0, 0);
+  /* A malloc() may have failed within the call to sqlite3_value_text16()
+  ** above. If this is the case, then the db->mallocFailed flag needs to
+  ** be cleared before returning. Do this directly, instead of via
+  ** sqlite3ApiExit(), to avoid setting the database handle error message.
+  */
+  db->mallocFailed = 0;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return z;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
 
@@ -77927,10 +80742,11 @@
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
   void(*xDel)(void*)
 ){
   CollSeq *pColl;
   int enc2;
+  int nName;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
 
   /* If SQLITE_UTF16 is specified as the encoding type, transform this
   ** to one of SQLITE_UTF16LE or SQLITE_UTF16BE using the
@@ -77938,21 +80754,20 @@
   */
   enc2 = enc & ~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED;
   if( enc2==SQLITE_UTF16 ){
     enc2 = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
   }
-
   if( (enc2&~3)!=0 ){
-    sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_ERROR, "unknown encoding");
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    return SQLITE_MISUSE;
   }
 
   /* Check if this call is removing or replacing an existing collation
   ** sequence. If so, and there are active VMs, return busy. If there
   ** are no active VMs, invalidate any pre-compiled statements.
   */
-  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, strlen(zName), 0);
+  nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
+  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, nName, 0);
   if( pColl && pColl->xCmp ){
     if( db->activeVdbeCnt ){
       sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_BUSY,
         "Unable to delete/modify collation sequence due to active statements");
       return SQLITE_BUSY;
@@ -77964,11 +80779,11 @@
     ** then any copies made by synthCollSeq() need to be invalidated.
     ** Also, collation destructor - CollSeq.xDel() - function may need
     ** to be called.
     */
     if( (pColl->enc & ~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED)==enc2 ){
-      CollSeq *aColl = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aCollSeq, zName, strlen(zName));
+      CollSeq *aColl = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aCollSeq, zName, nName);
       int j;
       for(j=0; j<3; j++){
         CollSeq *p = &aColl[j];
         if( p->enc==pColl->enc ){
           if( p->xDel ){
@@ -77978,11 +80793,11 @@
         }
       }
     }
   }
 
-  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, strlen(zName), 1);
+  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, nName, 1);
   if( pColl ){
     pColl->xCmp = xCompare;
     pColl->pUser = pCtx;
     pColl->xDel = xDel;
     pColl->enc = enc2 | (enc & SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED);
@@ -78026,12 +80841,12 @@
 # error SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT must be at least 2
 #endif
 #if SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP<40
 # error SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP must be at least 40
 #endif
-#if SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG<0 || SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG>255
-# error SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG must be between 0 and 255
+#if SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG<0 || SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG>127
+# error SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG must be between 0 and 127
 #endif
 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACH<0 || SQLITE_MAX_ATTACH>30
 # error SQLITE_MAX_ATTACH must be between 0 and 30
 #endif
 #if SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH<1
@@ -78079,30 +80894,43 @@
   const char *zVfs       /* Name of the VFS to use */
 ){
   sqlite3 *db;
   int rc;
   CollSeq *pColl;
+  int isThreadsafe = 1;
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  rc = sqlite3_initialize();
+  if( rc ) return rc;
+#endif
+
+  if( flags&SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX ){
+    isThreadsafe = 0;
+  }
 
   /* Remove harmful bits from the flags parameter */
   flags &=  ~( SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
                SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB |
                SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB |
                SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB |
                SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL |
                SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL |
                SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL |
-               SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL
+               SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL |
+               SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX
              );
 
   /* Allocate the sqlite data structure */
   db = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(sqlite3) );
   if( db==0 ) goto opendb_out;
-  db->mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
-  if( db->mutex==0 ){
-    sqlite3_free(db);
-    db = 0;
-    goto opendb_out;
+  if( sqlite3Config.bFullMutex && isThreadsafe ){
+    db->mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
+    if( db->mutex==0 ){
+      sqlite3_free(db);
+      db = 0;
+      goto opendb_out;
+    }
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   db->errMask = 0xff;
   db->priorNewRowid = 0;
   db->nDb = 2;
@@ -78228,10 +81056,17 @@
   if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     extern int sqlite3IcuInit(sqlite3*);
     rc = sqlite3IcuInit(db);
   }
 #endif
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
+  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
+    rc = sqlite3RtreeInit(db);
+  }
+#endif
+
   sqlite3Error(db, rc, 0);
 
   /* -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=1 makes EXCLUSIVE the default locking
   ** mode.  -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=0 make NORMAL the default locking
   ** mode.  Doing nothing at all also makes NORMAL the default.
@@ -78242,11 +81077,11 @@
                           SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE);
 #endif
 
 opendb_out:
   if( db ){
-    assert( db->mutex!=0 );
+    assert( db->mutex!=0 || isThreadsafe==0 || sqlite3Config.bFullMutex==0 );
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   }
   if( SQLITE_NOMEM==(rc = sqlite3_errcode(db)) ){
     sqlite3_close(db);
     db = 0;
@@ -78282,15 +81117,19 @@
   const void *zFilename,
   sqlite3 **ppDb
 ){
   char const *zFilename8;   /* zFilename encoded in UTF-8 instead of UTF-16 */
   sqlite3_value *pVal;
-  int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  int rc;
 
   assert( zFilename );
   assert( ppDb );
   *ppDb = 0;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  rc = sqlite3_initialize();
+  if( rc ) return rc;
+#endif
   pVal = sqlite3ValueNew(0);
   sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, -1, zFilename, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE, SQLITE_STATIC);
   zFilename8 = sqlite3ValueText(pVal, SQLITE_UTF8);
   if( zFilename8 ){
     rc = openDatabase(zFilename8, ppDb,
@@ -78297,10 +81136,12 @@
                       SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, 0);
     assert( *ppDb || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !DbHasProperty(*ppDb, 0, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
       ENC(*ppDb) = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
     }
+  }else{
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
   sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
 
   return sqlite3ApiExit(0, rc);
 }
@@ -78349,11 +81190,11 @@
 /*
 ** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
   sqlite3* db,
-  const char *zName,
+  const void *zName,
   int enc,
   void* pCtx,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -78462,11 +81303,11 @@
   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
-  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if colums is auto-increment */
+  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
 ){
   int rc;
   char *zErrMsg = 0;
   Table *pTab = 0;
   Column *pCol = 0;
@@ -78525,13 +81366,13 @@
   **        explicitly declared column. Copy meta information from *pCol.
   */
   if( pCol ){
     zDataType = pCol->zType;
     zCollSeq = pCol->zColl;
-    notnull = (pCol->notNull?1:0);
-    primarykey  = (pCol->isPrimKey?1:0);
-    autoinc = ((pTab->iPKey==iCol && pTab->autoInc)?1:0);
+    notnull = pCol->notNull!=0;
+    primarykey  = pCol->isPrimKey!=0;
+    autoinc = pTab->iPKey==iCol && pTab->autoInc;
   }else{
     zDataType = "INTEGER";
     primarykey = 1;
   }
   if( !zCollSeq ){
@@ -78550,12 +81391,13 @@
   if( pNotNull ) *pNotNull = notnull;
   if( pPrimaryKey ) *pPrimaryKey = primarykey;
   if( pAutoinc ) *pAutoinc = autoinc;
 
   if( SQLITE_OK==rc && !pTab ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&zErrMsg, "no such table column: ", zTableName, ".",
-        zColumnName, 0);
+    sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
+    zErrMsg = sqlite3MPrintf("no such table column: %s.%s", zTableName,
+        zColumnName);
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
   sqlite3Error(db, rc, (zErrMsg?"%s":0), zErrMsg);
   sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
@@ -78569,10 +81411,11 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int ms){
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;
   int rc;
   pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
+  if( pVfs==0 ) return 0;
 
   /* This function works in milliseconds, but the underlying OsSleep()
   ** API uses microseconds. Hence the 1000's.
   */
   rc = (sqlite3OsSleep(pVfs, 1000*ms)/1000);
@@ -78630,62 +81473,10 @@
   int rc = 0;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
   va_list ap;
   va_start(ap, op);
   switch( op ){
-    /*
-    ** sqlite3_test_control(FAULT_CONFIG, fault_id, nDelay, nRepeat)
-    **
-    ** Configure a fault injector.  The specific fault injector is
-    ** identified by the fault_id argument.  (ex: SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC)
-    ** The fault will occur after a delay of nDelay calls.  The fault
-    ** will repeat nRepeat times.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_CONFIG: {
-      int id = va_arg(ap, int);
-      int nDelay = va_arg(ap, int);
-      int nRepeat = va_arg(ap, int);
-      sqlite3FaultConfig(id, nDelay, nRepeat);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    ** sqlite3_test_control(FAULT_FAILURES, fault_id)
-    **
-    ** Return the number of faults (both hard and benign faults) that have
-    ** occurred since the injector identified by fault_id) was last configured.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_FAILURES: {
-      int id = va_arg(ap, int);
-      rc = sqlite3FaultFailures(id);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    ** sqlite3_test_control(FAULT_BENIGN_FAILURES, fault_id)
-    **
-    ** Return the number of benign faults that have occurred since the
-    ** injector identified by fault_id was last configured.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_BENIGN_FAILURES: {
-      int id = va_arg(ap, int);
-      rc = sqlite3FaultBenignFailures(id);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    ** sqlite3_test_control(FAULT_PENDING, fault_id)
-    **
-    ** Return the number of successes that will occur before the next
-    ** scheduled failure on fault injector fault_id.
-    ** If no failures are scheduled, return -1.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_PENDING: {
-      int id = va_arg(ap, int);
-      rc = sqlite3FaultPending(id);
-      break;
-    }
 
     /*
     ** Save the current state of the PRNG.
     */
     case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE: {
@@ -78723,10 +81514,26 @@
     */
     case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST: {
       int sz = va_arg(ap, int);
       int *aProg = va_arg(ap, int*);
       rc = sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(sz, aProg);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    **  sqlite3_test_control(BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS, xBegin, xEnd)
+    **
+    ** Register hooks to call to indicate which malloc() failures
+    ** are benign.
+    */
+    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS: {
+      typedef void (*void_function)(void);
+      void_function xBenignBegin;
+      void_function xBenignEnd;
+      xBenignBegin = va_arg(ap, void_function);
+      xBenignEnd = va_arg(ap, void_function);
+      sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(xBenignBegin, xBenignEnd);
       break;
     }
   }
   va_end(ap);
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST */
@@ -80895,21 +83702,25 @@
 typedef enum fulltext_statement {
   CONTENT_INSERT_STMT,
   CONTENT_SELECT_STMT,
   CONTENT_UPDATE_STMT,
   CONTENT_DELETE_STMT,
+  CONTENT_EXISTS_STMT,
 
   BLOCK_INSERT_STMT,
   BLOCK_SELECT_STMT,
   BLOCK_DELETE_STMT,
+  BLOCK_DELETE_ALL_STMT,
 
   SEGDIR_MAX_INDEX_STMT,
   SEGDIR_SET_STMT,
-  SEGDIR_SELECT_STMT,
+  SEGDIR_SELECT_LEVEL_STMT,
   SEGDIR_SPAN_STMT,
   SEGDIR_DELETE_STMT,
+  SEGDIR_SELECT_SEGMENT_STMT,
   SEGDIR_SELECT_ALL_STMT,
+  SEGDIR_DELETE_ALL_STMT,
 
   MAX_STMT                     /* Always at end! */
 } fulltext_statement;
 
 /* These must exactly match the enum above. */
@@ -80920,27 +83731,38 @@
 static const char *const fulltext_zStatement[MAX_STMT] = {
   /* CONTENT_INSERT */ NULL,  /* generated in contentInsertStatement() */
   /* CONTENT_SELECT */ NULL,  /* generated in contentSelectStatement() */
   /* CONTENT_UPDATE */ NULL,  /* generated in contentUpdateStatement() */
   /* CONTENT_DELETE */ "delete from %_content where docid = ?",
+  /* CONTENT_EXISTS */ "select docid from %_content limit 1",
 
   /* BLOCK_INSERT */
   "insert into %_segments (blockid, block) values (null, ?)",
   /* BLOCK_SELECT */ "select block from %_segments where blockid = ?",
   /* BLOCK_DELETE */ "delete from %_segments where blockid between ? and ?",
+  /* BLOCK_DELETE_ALL */ "delete from %_segments",
 
   /* SEGDIR_MAX_INDEX */ "select max(idx) from %_segdir where level = ?",
   /* SEGDIR_SET */ "insert into %_segdir values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
-  /* SEGDIR_SELECT */
+  /* SEGDIR_SELECT_LEVEL */
   "select start_block, leaves_end_block, root from %_segdir "
   " where level = ? order by idx",
   /* SEGDIR_SPAN */
   "select min(start_block), max(end_block) from %_segdir "
   " where level = ? and start_block <> 0",
   /* SEGDIR_DELETE */ "delete from %_segdir where level = ?",
+
+  /* NOTE(shess): The first three results of the following two
+  ** statements must match.
+  */
+  /* SEGDIR_SELECT_SEGMENT */
+  "select start_block, leaves_end_block, root from %_segdir "
+  " where level = ? and idx = ?",
   /* SEGDIR_SELECT_ALL */
-  "select root, leaves_end_block from %_segdir order by level desc, idx",
+  "select start_block, leaves_end_block, root from %_segdir "
+  " order by level desc, idx asc",
+  /* SEGDIR_DELETE_ALL */ "delete from %_segdir",
 };
 
 /*
 ** A connection to a fulltext index is an instance of the following
 ** structure.  The xCreate and xConnect methods create an instance
@@ -81230,10 +84052,29 @@
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
   return sql_single_step(s);
 }
 
+/* Returns SQLITE_ROW if any rows exist in %_content, SQLITE_DONE if
+** no rows exist, and any error in case of failure.
+*/
+static int content_exists(fulltext_vtab *v){
+  sqlite3_stmt *s;
+  int rc = sql_get_statement(v, CONTENT_EXISTS_STMT, &s);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  rc = sqlite3_step(s);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ) return rc;
+
+  /* We expect only one row.  We must execute another sqlite3_step()
+   * to complete the iteration; otherwise the table will remain locked. */
+  rc = sqlite3_step(s);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ) return SQLITE_ROW;
+  if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  return rc;
+}
+
 /* insert into %_segments values ([pData])
 **   returns assigned blockid in *piBlockid
 */
 static int block_insert(fulltext_vtab *v, const char *pData, int nData,
                         sqlite_int64 *piBlockid){
@@ -81399,10 +84240,27 @@
   /* Delete the segment directory itself. */
   rc = sql_get_statement(v, SEGDIR_DELETE_STMT, &s);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
   rc = sqlite3_bind_int64(s, 1, iLevel);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  return sql_single_step(s);
+}
+
+/* Delete entire fts index, SQLITE_OK on success, relevant error on
+** failure.
+*/
+static int segdir_delete_all(fulltext_vtab *v){
+  sqlite3_stmt *s;
+  int rc = sql_get_statement(v, SEGDIR_DELETE_ALL_STMT, &s);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  rc = sql_single_step(s);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  rc = sql_get_statement(v, BLOCK_DELETE_ALL_STMT, &s);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
   return sql_single_step(s);
 }
 
@@ -84399,11 +87257,11 @@
 ** order.
 */
 static int leavesReadersInit(fulltext_vtab *v, int iLevel,
                              LeavesReader *pReaders, int *piReaders){
   sqlite3_stmt *s;
-  int i, rc = sql_get_statement(v, SEGDIR_SELECT_STMT, &s);
+  int i, rc = sql_get_statement(v, SEGDIR_SELECT_LEVEL_STMT, &s);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
   rc = sqlite3_bind_int(s, 1, iLevel);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
@@ -84937,12 +87795,12 @@
 
   /* Traverse the segments from oldest to newest so that newer doclist
   ** elements for given docids overwrite older elements.
   */
   while( (rc = sqlite3_step(s))==SQLITE_ROW ){
-    const char *pData = sqlite3_column_blob(s, 0);
-    const int nData = sqlite3_column_bytes(s, 0);
+    const char *pData = sqlite3_column_blob(s, 2);
+    const int nData = sqlite3_column_bytes(s, 2);
     const sqlite_int64 iLeavesEnd = sqlite3_column_int64(s, 1);
     rc = loadSegment(v, pData, nData, iLeavesEnd, pTerm, nTerm, isPrefix,
                      &doclist);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto err;
   }
@@ -85092,10 +87950,27 @@
 
   FTSTRACE(("FTS3 Update %p\n", pVtab));
 
   if( nArg<2 ){
     rc = index_delete(v, sqlite3_value_int64(ppArg[0]));
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      /* If we just deleted the last row in the table, clear out the
+      ** index data.
+      */
+      rc = content_exists(v);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
+        rc = SQLITE_OK;
+      }else if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+        /* Clear the pending terms so we don't flush a useless level-0
+        ** segment when the transaction closes.
+        */
+        rc = clearPendingTerms(v);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          rc = segdir_delete_all(v);
+        }
+      }
+    }
   } else if( sqlite3_value_type(ppArg[0]) != SQLITE_NULL ){
     /* An update:
      * ppArg[0] = old rowid
      * ppArg[1] = new rowid
      * ppArg[2..2+v->nColumn-1] = values
@@ -85228,10 +88103,390 @@
                         pCursor->snippet.zOffset, pCursor->snippet.nOffset,
                         SQLITE_STATIC);
   }
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+/* Generate an error of the form "<prefix>: <msg>".  If msg is NULL,
+** pull the error from the context's db handle.
+*/
+static void generateError(sqlite3_context *pContext,
+                          const char *prefix, const char *msg){
+  char buf[512];
+  if( msg==NULL ) msg = sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3_context_db_handle(pContext));
+  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(buf), buf, "%s: %s", prefix, msg);
+  sqlite3_result_error(pContext, buf, -1);
+}
+
+/* Helper function to collect the set of terms in the segment into
+** pTerms.  The segment is defined by the leaf nodes between
+** iStartBlockid and iEndBlockid, inclusive, or by the contents of
+** pRootData if iStartBlockid is 0 (in which case the entire segment
+** fit in a leaf).
+*/
+static int collectSegmentTerms(fulltext_vtab *v, sqlite3_stmt *s,
+                               fts3Hash *pTerms){
+  const sqlite_int64 iStartBlockid = sqlite3_column_int64(s, 0);
+  const sqlite_int64 iEndBlockid = sqlite3_column_int64(s, 1);
+  const char *pRootData = sqlite3_column_blob(s, 2);
+  const int nRootData = sqlite3_column_bytes(s, 2);
+  LeavesReader reader;
+  int rc = leavesReaderInit(v, 0, iStartBlockid, iEndBlockid,
+                            pRootData, nRootData, &reader);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && !leavesReaderAtEnd(&reader) ){
+    const char *pTerm = leavesReaderTerm(&reader);
+    const int nTerm = leavesReaderTermBytes(&reader);
+    void *oldValue = sqlite3Fts3HashFind(pTerms, pTerm, nTerm);
+    void *newValue = (void *)((char *)oldValue+1);
+
+    /* From the comment before sqlite3Fts3HashInsert in fts3_hash.c,
+    ** the data value passed is returned in case of malloc failure.
+    */
+    if( newValue==sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(pTerms, pTerm, nTerm, newValue) ){
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      rc = leavesReaderStep(v, &reader);
+    }
+  }
+
+  leavesReaderDestroy(&reader);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/* Helper function to build the result string for dump_terms(). */
+static int generateTermsResult(sqlite3_context *pContext, fts3Hash *pTerms){
+  int iTerm, nTerms, nResultBytes, iByte;
+  char *result;
+  TermData *pData;
+  fts3HashElem *e;
+
+  /* Iterate pTerms to generate an array of terms in pData for
+  ** sorting.
+  */
+  nTerms = fts3HashCount(pTerms);
+  assert( nTerms>0 );
+  pData = sqlite3_malloc(nTerms*sizeof(TermData));
+  if( pData==NULL ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+
+  nResultBytes = 0;
+  for(iTerm = 0, e = fts3HashFirst(pTerms); e; iTerm++, e = fts3HashNext(e)){
+    nResultBytes += fts3HashKeysize(e)+1;   /* Term plus trailing space */
+    assert( iTerm<nTerms );
+    pData[iTerm].pTerm = fts3HashKey(e);
+    pData[iTerm].nTerm = fts3HashKeysize(e);
+    pData[iTerm].pCollector = fts3HashData(e);  /* unused */
+  }
+  assert( iTerm==nTerms );
+
+  assert( nResultBytes>0 );   /* nTerms>0, nResultsBytes must be, too. */
+  result = sqlite3_malloc(nResultBytes);
+  if( result==NULL ){
+    sqlite3_free(pData);
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  if( nTerms>1 ) qsort(pData, nTerms, sizeof(*pData), termDataCmp);
+
+  /* Read the terms in order to build the result. */
+  iByte = 0;
+  for(iTerm=0; iTerm<nTerms; ++iTerm){
+    memcpy(result+iByte, pData[iTerm].pTerm, pData[iTerm].nTerm);
+    iByte += pData[iTerm].nTerm;
+    result[iByte++] = ' ';
+  }
+  assert( iByte==nResultBytes );
+  assert( result[nResultBytes-1]==' ' );
+  result[nResultBytes-1] = '\0';
+
+  /* Passes away ownership of result. */
+  sqlite3_result_text(pContext, result, nResultBytes-1, sqlite3_free);
+  sqlite3_free(pData);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Implements dump_terms() for use in inspecting the fts3 index from
+** tests.  TEXT result containing the ordered list of terms joined by
+** spaces.  dump_terms(t, level, idx) dumps the terms for the segment
+** specified by level, idx (in %_segdir), while dump_terms(t) dumps
+** all terms in the index.  In both cases t is the fts table's magic
+** table-named column.
+*/
+static void dumpTermsFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pContext,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  fulltext_cursor *pCursor;
+  if( argc!=3 && argc!=1 ){
+    generateError(pContext, "dump_terms", "incorrect arguments");
+  }else if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])!=SQLITE_BLOB ||
+            sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0])!=sizeof(pCursor) ){
+    generateError(pContext, "dump_terms", "illegal first argument");
+  }else{
+    fulltext_vtab *v;
+    fts3Hash terms;
+    sqlite3_stmt *s = NULL;
+    int rc;
+
+    memcpy(&pCursor, sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]), sizeof(pCursor));
+    v = cursor_vtab(pCursor);
+
+    /* If passed only the cursor column, get all segments.  Otherwise
+    ** get the segment described by the following two arguments.
+    */
+    if( argc==1 ){
+      rc = sql_get_statement(v, SEGDIR_SELECT_ALL_STMT, &s);
+    }else{
+      rc = sql_get_statement(v, SEGDIR_SELECT_SEGMENT_STMT, &s);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        rc = sqlite3_bind_int(s, 1, sqlite3_value_int(argv[1]));
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          rc = sqlite3_bind_int(s, 2, sqlite3_value_int(argv[2]));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      generateError(pContext, "dump_terms", NULL);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    /* Collect the terms for each segment. */
+    sqlite3Fts3HashInit(&terms, FTS3_HASH_STRING, 1);
+    while( (rc = sqlite3_step(s))==SQLITE_ROW ){
+      rc = collectSegmentTerms(v, s, &terms);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
+    }
+
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
+      sqlite3_reset(s);
+      generateError(pContext, "dump_terms", NULL);
+    }else{
+      const int nTerms = fts3HashCount(&terms);
+      if( nTerms>0 ){
+        rc = generateTermsResult(pContext, &terms);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
+          generateError(pContext, "dump_terms", "out of memory");
+        }else{
+          assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
+        }
+      }else if( argc==3 ){
+        /* The specific segment asked for could not be found. */
+        generateError(pContext, "dump_terms", "segment not found");
+      }else{
+        /* No segments found. */
+        /* TODO(shess): It should be impossible to reach this.  This
+        ** case can only happen for an empty table, in which case
+        ** SQLite has no rows to call this function on.
+        */
+        sqlite3_result_null(pContext);
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3Fts3HashClear(&terms);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Expand the DL_DEFAULT doclist in pData into a text result in
+** pContext.
+*/
+static void createDoclistResult(sqlite3_context *pContext,
+                                const char *pData, int nData){
+  DataBuffer dump;
+  DLReader dlReader;
+
+  assert( pData!=NULL && nData>0 );
+
+  dataBufferInit(&dump, 0);
+  dlrInit(&dlReader, DL_DEFAULT, pData, nData);
+  for( ; !dlrAtEnd(&dlReader); dlrStep(&dlReader) ){
+    char buf[256];
+    PLReader plReader;
+
+    plrInit(&plReader, &dlReader);
+    if( DL_DEFAULT==DL_DOCIDS || plrAtEnd(&plReader) ){
+      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(buf), buf, "[%lld] ", dlrDocid(&dlReader));
+      dataBufferAppend(&dump, buf, strlen(buf));
+    }else{
+      int iColumn = plrColumn(&plReader);
+
+      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(buf), buf, "[%lld %d[",
+                       dlrDocid(&dlReader), iColumn);
+      dataBufferAppend(&dump, buf, strlen(buf));
+
+      for( ; !plrAtEnd(&plReader); plrStep(&plReader) ){
+        if( plrColumn(&plReader)!=iColumn ){
+          iColumn = plrColumn(&plReader);
+          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(buf), buf, "] %d[", iColumn);
+          assert( dump.nData>0 );
+          dump.nData--;                     /* Overwrite trailing space. */
+          assert( dump.pData[dump.nData]==' ');
+          dataBufferAppend(&dump, buf, strlen(buf));
+        }
+        if( DL_DEFAULT==DL_POSITIONS_OFFSETS ){
+          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(buf), buf, "%d,%d,%d ",
+                           plrPosition(&plReader),
+                           plrStartOffset(&plReader), plrEndOffset(&plReader));
+        }else if( DL_DEFAULT==DL_POSITIONS ){
+          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(buf), buf, "%d ", plrPosition(&plReader));
+        }else{
+          assert( NULL=="Unhandled DL_DEFAULT value");
+        }
+        dataBufferAppend(&dump, buf, strlen(buf));
+      }
+      plrDestroy(&plReader);
+
+      assert( dump.nData>0 );
+      dump.nData--;                     /* Overwrite trailing space. */
+      assert( dump.pData[dump.nData]==' ');
+      dataBufferAppend(&dump, "]] ", 3);
+    }
+  }
+  dlrDestroy(&dlReader);
+
+  assert( dump.nData>0 );
+  dump.nData--;                     /* Overwrite trailing space. */
+  assert( dump.pData[dump.nData]==' ');
+  dump.pData[dump.nData] = '\0';
+  assert( dump.nData>0 );
+
+  /* Passes ownership of dump's buffer to pContext. */
+  sqlite3_result_text(pContext, dump.pData, dump.nData, sqlite3_free);
+  dump.pData = NULL;
+  dump.nData = dump.nCapacity = 0;
+}
+
+/* Implements dump_doclist() for use in inspecting the fts3 index from
+** tests.  TEXT result containing a string representation of the
+** doclist for the indicated term.  dump_doclist(t, term, level, idx)
+** dumps the doclist for term from the segment specified by level, idx
+** (in %_segdir), while dump_doclist(t, term) dumps the logical
+** doclist for the term across all segments.  The per-segment doclist
+** can contain deletions, while the full-index doclist will not
+** (deletions are omitted).
+**
+** Result formats differ with the setting of DL_DEFAULTS.  Examples:
+**
+** DL_DOCIDS: [1] [3] [7]
+** DL_POSITIONS: [1 0[0 4] 1[17]] [3 1[5]]
+** DL_POSITIONS_OFFSETS: [1 0[0,0,3 4,23,26] 1[17,102,105]] [3 1[5,20,23]]
+**
+** In each case the number after the outer '[' is the docid.  In the
+** latter two cases, the number before the inner '[' is the column
+** associated with the values within.  For DL_POSITIONS the numbers
+** within are the positions, for DL_POSITIONS_OFFSETS they are the
+** position, the start offset, and the end offset.
+*/
+static void dumpDoclistFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pContext,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  fulltext_cursor *pCursor;
+  if( argc!=2 && argc!=4 ){
+    generateError(pContext, "dump_doclist", "incorrect arguments");
+  }else if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])!=SQLITE_BLOB ||
+            sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0])!=sizeof(pCursor) ){
+    generateError(pContext, "dump_doclist", "illegal first argument");
+  }else if( sqlite3_value_text(argv[1])==NULL ||
+            sqlite3_value_text(argv[1])[0]=='\0' ){
+    generateError(pContext, "dump_doclist", "empty second argument");
+  }else{
+    const char *pTerm = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
+    const int nTerm = strlen(pTerm);
+    fulltext_vtab *v;
+    int rc;
+    DataBuffer doclist;
+
+    memcpy(&pCursor, sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]), sizeof(pCursor));
+    v = cursor_vtab(pCursor);
+
+    dataBufferInit(&doclist, 0);
+
+    /* termSelect() yields the same logical doclist that queries are
+    ** run against.
+    */
+    if( argc==2 ){
+      rc = termSelect(v, v->nColumn, pTerm, nTerm, 0, DL_DEFAULT, &doclist);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_stmt *s = NULL;
+
+      /* Get our specific segment's information. */
+      rc = sql_get_statement(v, SEGDIR_SELECT_SEGMENT_STMT, &s);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        rc = sqlite3_bind_int(s, 1, sqlite3_value_int(argv[2]));
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          rc = sqlite3_bind_int(s, 2, sqlite3_value_int(argv[3]));
+        }
+      }
+
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        rc = sqlite3_step(s);
+
+        if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+          dataBufferDestroy(&doclist);
+          generateError(pContext, "dump_doclist", "segment not found");
+          return;
+        }
+
+        /* Found a segment, load it into doclist. */
+        if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
+          const sqlite_int64 iLeavesEnd = sqlite3_column_int64(s, 1);
+          const char *pData = sqlite3_column_blob(s, 2);
+          const int nData = sqlite3_column_bytes(s, 2);
+
+          /* loadSegment() is used by termSelect() to load each
+          ** segment's data.
+          */
+          rc = loadSegment(v, pData, nData, iLeavesEnd, pTerm, nTerm, 0,
+                           &doclist);
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            rc = sqlite3_step(s);
+
+            /* Should not have more than one matching segment. */
+            if( rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
+              sqlite3_reset(s);
+              dataBufferDestroy(&doclist);
+              generateError(pContext, "dump_doclist", "invalid segdir");
+              return;
+            }
+            rc = SQLITE_OK;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      sqlite3_reset(s);
+    }
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      if( doclist.nData>0 ){
+        createDoclistResult(pContext, doclist.pData, doclist.nData);
+      }else{
+        /* TODO(shess): This can happen if the term is not present, or
+        ** if all instances of the term have been deleted and this is
+        ** an all-index dump.  It may be interesting to distinguish
+        ** these cases.
+        */
+        sqlite3_result_text(pContext, "", 0, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      }
+    }else if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
+      /* Handle out-of-memory cases specially because if they are
+      ** generated in fts3 code they may not be reflected in the db
+      ** handle.
+      */
+      /* TODO(shess): Handle this more comprehensively.
+      ** sqlite3ErrStr() has what I need, but is internal.
+      */
+      generateError(pContext, "dump_doclist", "out of memory");
+    }else{
+      generateError(pContext, "dump_doclist", NULL);
+    }
+
+    dataBufferDestroy(&doclist);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** This routine implements the xFindFunction method for the FTS3
 ** virtual table.
 */
 static int fulltextFindFunction(
@@ -85245,10 +88500,24 @@
     *pxFunc = snippetFunc;
     return 1;
   }else if( strcmp(zName,"offsets")==0 ){
     *pxFunc = snippetOffsetsFunc;
     return 1;
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+    /* NOTE(shess): These functions are present only for testing
+    ** purposes.  No particular effort is made to optimize their
+    ** execution or how they build their results.
+    */
+  }else if( strcmp(zName,"dump_terms")==0 ){
+    /* fprintf(stderr, "Found dump_terms\n"); */
+    *pxFunc = dumpTermsFunc;
+    return 1;
+  }else if( strcmp(zName,"dump_doclist")==0 ){
+    /* fprintf(stderr, "Found dump_doclist\n"); */
+    *pxFunc = dumpDoclistFunc;
+    return 1;
+#endif
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -85364,10 +88633,14 @@
   */
   if( SQLITE_OK==rc
    && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3Fts3InitHashTable(db, pHash, "fts3_tokenizer"))
    && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "snippet", -1))
    && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "offsets", -1))
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+   && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "dump_terms", -1))
+   && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "dump_doclist", -1))
+#endif
   ){
     return sqlite3_create_module_v2(
         db, "fts3", &fts3Module, (void *)pHash, hashDestroy
     );
   }
@@ -86999,5 +90272,2830 @@
 }
 
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) */
 
 /************** End of fts3_tokenizer1.c *************************************/
+/************** Begin file rtree.c *******************************************/
+/*
+** 2001 September 15
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+** This file contains code for implementations of the r-tree and r*-tree
+** algorithms packaged as an SQLite virtual table module.
+**
+** $Id: rtree.c,v 1.6 2008/07/14 15:37:01 danielk1977 Exp $
+*/
+
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE)
+
+/*
+** This file contains an implementation of a couple of different variants
+** of the r-tree algorithm. See the README file for further details. The
+** same data-structure is used for all, but the algorithms for insert and
+** delete operations vary. The variants used are selected at compile time
+** by defining the following symbols:
+*/
+
+/* Either, both or none of the following may be set to activate
+** r*tree variant algorithms.
+*/
+#define VARIANT_RSTARTREE_CHOOSESUBTREE 0
+#define VARIANT_RSTARTREE_REINSERT      1
+
+/*
+** Exactly one of the following must be set to 1.
+*/
+#define VARIANT_GUTTMAN_QUADRATIC_SPLIT 0
+#define VARIANT_GUTTMAN_LINEAR_SPLIT    0
+#define VARIANT_RSTARTREE_SPLIT         1
+
+#define VARIANT_GUTTMAN_SPLIT \
+        (VARIANT_GUTTMAN_LINEAR_SPLIT||VARIANT_GUTTMAN_QUADRATIC_SPLIT)
+
+#if VARIANT_GUTTMAN_QUADRATIC_SPLIT
+  #define PickNext QuadraticPickNext
+  #define PickSeeds QuadraticPickSeeds
+  #define AssignCells splitNodeGuttman
+#endif
+#if VARIANT_GUTTMAN_LINEAR_SPLIT
+  #define PickNext LinearPickNext
+  #define PickSeeds LinearPickSeeds
+  #define AssignCells splitNodeGuttman
+#endif
+#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_SPLIT
+  #define AssignCells splitNodeStartree
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
+  #include "sqlite3ext.h"
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#else
+  #include "sqlite3.h"
+#endif
+
+
+typedef sqlite3_int64 i64;
+typedef unsigned char u8;
+typedef unsigned int u32;
+
+typedef struct Rtree Rtree;
+typedef struct RtreeCursor RtreeCursor;
+typedef struct RtreeNode RtreeNode;
+typedef struct RtreeCell RtreeCell;
+typedef struct RtreeConstraint RtreeConstraint;
+typedef union RtreeCoord RtreeCoord;
+
+/* The rtree may have between 1 and RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS dimensions. */
+#define RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS 5
+
+/* Size of hash table Rtree.aHash. This hash table is not expected to
+** ever contain very many entries, so a fixed number of buckets is
+** used.
+*/
+#define HASHSIZE 128
+
+/*
+** An rtree virtual-table object.
+*/
+struct Rtree {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;
+  sqlite3 *db;                /* Host database connection */
+  int iNodeSize;              /* Size in bytes of each node in the node table */
+  int nDim;                   /* Number of dimensions */
+  int nBytesPerCell;          /* Bytes consumed per cell */
+  int iDepth;                 /* Current depth of the r-tree structure */
+  char *zDb;                  /* Name of database containing r-tree table */
+  char *zName;                /* Name of r-tree table */
+  RtreeNode *aHash[HASHSIZE]; /* Hash table of in-memory nodes. */
+  int nBusy;                  /* Current number of users of this structure */
+
+  /* List of nodes removed during a CondenseTree operation. List is
+  ** linked together via the pointer normally used for hash chains -
+  ** RtreeNode.pNext. RtreeNode.iNode stores the depth of the sub-tree
+  ** headed by the node (leaf nodes have RtreeNode.iNode==0).
+  */
+  RtreeNode *pDeleted;
+  int iReinsertHeight;        /* Height of sub-trees Reinsert() has run on */
+
+  /* Statements to read/write/delete a record from xxx_node */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pReadNode;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pWriteNode;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pDeleteNode;
+
+  /* Statements to read/write/delete a record from xxx_rowid */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pReadRowid;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pWriteRowid;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pDeleteRowid;
+
+  /* Statements to read/write/delete a record from xxx_parent */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pReadParent;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pWriteParent;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pDeleteParent;
+
+  int eCoordType;
+};
+
+/* Possible values for eCoordType: */
+#define RTREE_COORD_REAL32 0
+#define RTREE_COORD_INT32  1
+
+/*
+** The minimum number of cells allowed for a node is a third of the
+** maximum. In Gutman's notation:
+**
+**     m = M/3
+**
+** If an R*-tree "Reinsert" operation is required, the same number of
+** cells are removed from the overfull node and reinserted into the tree.
+*/
+#define RTREE_MINCELLS(p) ((((p)->iNodeSize-4)/(p)->nBytesPerCell)/3)
+#define RTREE_REINSERT(p) RTREE_MINCELLS(p)
+#define RTREE_MAXCELLS 51
+
+/*
+** An rtree cursor object.
+*/
+struct RtreeCursor {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;
+  RtreeNode *pNode;                 /* Node cursor is currently pointing at */
+  int iCell;                        /* Index of current cell in pNode */
+  int iStrategy;                    /* Copy of idxNum search parameter */
+  int nConstraint;                  /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
+  RtreeConstraint *aConstraint;     /* Search constraints. */
+};
+
+union RtreeCoord {
+  float f;
+  int i;
+};
+
+/*
+** The argument is an RtreeCoord. Return the value stored within the RtreeCoord
+** formatted as a double. This macro assumes that local variable pRtree points
+** to the Rtree structure associated with the RtreeCoord.
+*/
+#define DCOORD(coord) (                           \
+  (pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_REAL32) ?      \
+    ((double)coord.f) :                           \
+    ((double)coord.i)                             \
+)
+
+/*
+** A search constraint.
+*/
+struct RtreeConstraint {
+  int iCoord;                       /* Index of constrained coordinate */
+  int op;                           /* Constraining operation */
+  double rValue;                    /* Constraint value. */
+};
+
+/* Possible values for RtreeConstraint.op */
+#define RTREE_EQ 0x41
+#define RTREE_LE 0x42
+#define RTREE_LT 0x43
+#define RTREE_GE 0x44
+#define RTREE_GT 0x45
+
+/*
+** An rtree structure node.
+**
+** Data format (RtreeNode.zData):
+**
+**   1. If the node is the root node (node 1), then the first 2 bytes
+**      of the node contain the tree depth as a big-endian integer.
+**      For non-root nodes, the first 2 bytes are left unused.
+**
+**   2. The next 2 bytes contain the number of entries currently
+**      stored in the node.
+**
+**   3. The remainder of the node contains the node entries. Each entry
+**      consists of a single 8-byte integer followed by an even number
+**      of 4-byte coordinates. For leaf nodes the integer is the rowid
+**      of a record. For internal nodes it is the node number of a
+**      child page.
+*/
+struct RtreeNode {
+  RtreeNode *pParent;               /* Parent node */
+  i64 iNode;
+  int nRef;
+  int isDirty;
+  u8 *zData;
+  RtreeNode *pNext;                 /* Next node in this hash chain */
+};
+#define NCELL(pNode) readInt16(&(pNode)->zData[2])
+
+/*
+** Structure to store a deserialized rtree record.
+*/
+struct RtreeCell {
+  i64 iRowid;
+  RtreeCoord aCoord[RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS*2];
+};
+
+#define MAX(x,y) ((x) < (y) ? (y) : (x))
+#define MIN(x,y) ((x) > (y) ? (y) : (x))
+
+/*
+** Functions to deserialize a 16 bit integer, 32 bit real number and
+** 64 bit integer. The deserialized value is returned.
+*/
+static int readInt16(u8 *p){
+  return (p[0]<<8) + p[1];
+}
+static void readCoord(u8 *p, RtreeCoord *pCoord){
+  u32 i = (
+    (((u32)p[0]) << 24) +
+    (((u32)p[1]) << 16) +
+    (((u32)p[2]) <<  8) +
+    (((u32)p[3]) <<  0)
+  );
+  *(u32 *)pCoord = i;
+}
+static i64 readInt64(u8 *p){
+  return (
+    (((i64)p[0]) << 56) +
+    (((i64)p[1]) << 48) +
+    (((i64)p[2]) << 40) +
+    (((i64)p[3]) << 32) +
+    (((i64)p[4]) << 24) +
+    (((i64)p[5]) << 16) +
+    (((i64)p[6]) <<  8) +
+    (((i64)p[7]) <<  0)
+  );
+}
+
+/*
+** Functions to serialize a 16 bit integer, 32 bit real number and
+** 64 bit integer. The value returned is the number of bytes written
+** to the argument buffer (always 2, 4 and 8 respectively).
+*/
+static int writeInt16(u8 *p, int i){
+  p[0] = (i>> 8)&0xFF;
+  p[1] = (i>> 0)&0xFF;
+  return 2;
+}
+static int writeCoord(u8 *p, RtreeCoord *pCoord){
+  u32 i;
+  assert( sizeof(RtreeCoord)==4 );
+  assert( sizeof(u32)==4 );
+  i = *(u32 *)pCoord;
+  p[0] = (i>>24)&0xFF;
+  p[1] = (i>>16)&0xFF;
+  p[2] = (i>> 8)&0xFF;
+  p[3] = (i>> 0)&0xFF;
+  return 4;
+}
+static int writeInt64(u8 *p, i64 i){
+  p[0] = (i>>56)&0xFF;
+  p[1] = (i>>48)&0xFF;
+  p[2] = (i>>40)&0xFF;
+  p[3] = (i>>32)&0xFF;
+  p[4] = (i>>24)&0xFF;
+  p[5] = (i>>16)&0xFF;
+  p[6] = (i>> 8)&0xFF;
+  p[7] = (i>> 0)&0xFF;
+  return 8;
+}
+
+/*
+** Increment the reference count of node p.
+*/
+static void nodeReference(RtreeNode *p){
+  if( p ){
+    p->nRef++;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Clear the content of node p (set all bytes to 0x00).
+*/
+static void nodeZero(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *p){
+  if( p ){
+    memset(&p->zData[2], 0, pRtree->iNodeSize-2);
+    p->isDirty = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Given a node number iNode, return the corresponding key to use
+** in the Rtree.aHash table.
+*/
+static int nodeHash(i64 iNode){
+  return (
+    (iNode>>56) ^ (iNode>>48) ^ (iNode>>40) ^ (iNode>>32) ^
+    (iNode>>24) ^ (iNode>>16) ^ (iNode>> 8) ^ (iNode>> 0)
+  ) % HASHSIZE;
+}
+
+/*
+** Search the node hash table for node iNode. If found, return a pointer
+** to it. Otherwise, return 0.
+*/
+static RtreeNode *nodeHashLookup(Rtree *pRtree, i64 iNode){
+  RtreeNode *p;
+  assert( iNode!=0 );
+  for(p=pRtree->aHash[nodeHash(iNode)]; p && p->iNode!=iNode; p=p->pNext);
+  return p;
+}
+
+/*
+** Add node pNode to the node hash table.
+*/
+static void nodeHashInsert(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
+  if( pNode ){
+    int iHash;
+    assert( pNode->pNext==0 );
+    iHash = nodeHash(pNode->iNode);
+    pNode->pNext = pRtree->aHash[iHash];
+    pRtree->aHash[iHash] = pNode;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Remove node pNode from the node hash table.
+*/
+static void nodeHashDelete(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
+  RtreeNode **pp;
+  if( pNode->iNode!=0 ){
+    pp = &pRtree->aHash[nodeHash(pNode->iNode)];
+    for( ; (*pp)!=pNode; pp = &(*pp)->pNext){ assert(*pp); }
+    *pp = pNode->pNext;
+    pNode->pNext = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate and return new r-tree node. Initially, (RtreeNode.iNode==0),
+** indicating that node has not yet been assigned a node number. It is
+** assigned a node number when nodeWrite() is called to write the
+** node contents out to the database.
+*/
+static RtreeNode *nodeNew(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pParent, int zero){
+  RtreeNode *pNode;
+  pNode = (RtreeNode *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeNode) + pRtree->iNodeSize);
+  if( pNode ){
+    memset(pNode, 0, sizeof(RtreeNode) + (zero?pRtree->iNodeSize:0));
+    pNode->zData = (u8 *)&pNode[1];
+    pNode->nRef = 1;
+    pNode->pParent = pParent;
+    pNode->isDirty = 1;
+    nodeReference(pParent);
+  }
+  return pNode;
+}
+
+/*
+** Obtain a reference to an r-tree node.
+*/
+static int
+nodeAcquire(
+  Rtree *pRtree,             /* R-tree structure */
+  i64 iNode,                 /* Node number to load */
+  RtreeNode *pParent,        /* Either the parent node or NULL */
+  RtreeNode **ppNode         /* OUT: Acquired node */
+){
+  int rc;
+  RtreeNode *pNode;
+
+  /* Check if the requested node is already in the hash table. If so,
+  ** increase its reference count and return it.
+  */
+  if( (pNode = nodeHashLookup(pRtree, iNode)) ){
+    assert( !pParent || !pNode->pParent || pNode->pParent==pParent );
+    if( pParent ){
+      pNode->pParent = pParent;
+    }
+    pNode->nRef++;
+    *ppNode = pNode;
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+
+  pNode = (RtreeNode *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeNode) + pRtree->iNodeSize);
+  if( !pNode ){
+    *ppNode = 0;
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  pNode->pParent = pParent;
+  pNode->zData = (u8 *)&pNode[1];
+  pNode->nRef = 1;
+  pNode->iNode = iNode;
+  pNode->isDirty = 0;
+  pNode->pNext = 0;
+
+  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pReadNode, 1, iNode);
+  rc = sqlite3_step(pRtree->pReadNode);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    const u8 *zBlob = sqlite3_column_blob(pRtree->pReadNode, 0);
+    memcpy(pNode->zData, zBlob, pRtree->iNodeSize);
+    nodeReference(pParent);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3_free(pNode);
+    pNode = 0;
+  }
+
+  *ppNode = pNode;
+  rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadNode);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iNode==1 ){
+    pRtree->iDepth = readInt16(pNode->zData);
+  }
+
+  assert( (rc==SQLITE_OK && pNode) || (pNode==0 && rc!=SQLITE_OK) );
+  nodeHashInsert(pRtree, pNode);
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Overwrite cell iCell of node pNode with the contents of pCell.
+*/
+static void nodeOverwriteCell(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeNode *pNode,
+  RtreeCell *pCell,
+  int iCell
+){
+  int ii;
+  u8 *p = &pNode->zData[4 + pRtree->nBytesPerCell*iCell];
+  p += writeInt64(p, pCell->iRowid);
+  for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii++){
+    p += writeCoord(p, &pCell->aCoord[ii]);
+  }
+  pNode->isDirty = 1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Remove cell the cell with index iCell from node pNode.
+*/
+static void nodeDeleteCell(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode, int iCell){
+  u8 *pDst = &pNode->zData[4 + pRtree->nBytesPerCell*iCell];
+  u8 *pSrc = &pDst[pRtree->nBytesPerCell];
+  int nByte = (NCELL(pNode) - iCell - 1) * pRtree->nBytesPerCell;
+  memmove(pDst, pSrc, nByte);
+  writeInt16(&pNode->zData[2], NCELL(pNode)-1);
+  pNode->isDirty = 1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Insert the contents of cell pCell into node pNode. If the insert
+** is successful, return SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** If there is not enough free space in pNode, return SQLITE_FULL.
+*/
+static int
+nodeInsertCell(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeNode *pNode,
+  RtreeCell *pCell
+){
+  int nCell;                    /* Current number of cells in pNode */
+  int nMaxCell;                 /* Maximum number of cells for pNode */
+
+  nMaxCell = (pRtree->iNodeSize-4)/pRtree->nBytesPerCell;
+  nCell = NCELL(pNode);
+
+  assert(nCell<=nMaxCell);
+
+  if( nCell<nMaxCell ){
+    nodeOverwriteCell(pRtree, pNode, pCell, nCell);
+    writeInt16(&pNode->zData[2], nCell+1);
+    pNode->isDirty = 1;
+  }
+
+  return (nCell==nMaxCell);
+}
+
+/*
+** If the node is dirty, write it out to the database.
+*/
+static int
+nodeWrite(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( pNode->isDirty ){
+    sqlite3_stmt *p = pRtree->pWriteNode;
+    if( pNode->iNode ){
+      sqlite3_bind_int64(p, 1, pNode->iNode);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_bind_null(p, 1);
+    }
+    sqlite3_bind_blob(p, 2, pNode->zData, pRtree->iNodeSize, SQLITE_STATIC);
+    sqlite3_step(p);
+    pNode->isDirty = 0;
+    rc = sqlite3_reset(p);
+    if( pNode->iNode==0 && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      pNode->iNode = sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(pRtree->db);
+      nodeHashInsert(pRtree, pNode);
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Release a reference to a node. If the node is dirty and the reference
+** count drops to zero, the node data is written to the database.
+*/
+static int
+nodeRelease(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( pNode ){
+    assert( pNode->nRef>0 );
+    pNode->nRef--;
+    if( pNode->nRef==0 ){
+      if( pNode->iNode==1 ){
+        pRtree->iDepth = -1;
+      }
+      if( pNode->pParent ){
+        rc = nodeRelease(pRtree, pNode->pParent);
+      }
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        rc = nodeWrite(pRtree, pNode);
+      }
+      nodeHashDelete(pRtree, pNode);
+      sqlite3_free(pNode);
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the 64-bit integer value associated with cell iCell of
+** node pNode. If pNode is a leaf node, this is a rowid. If it is
+** an internal node, then the 64-bit integer is a child page number.
+*/
+static i64 nodeGetRowid(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeNode *pNode,
+  int iCell
+){
+  assert( iCell<NCELL(pNode) );
+  return readInt64(&pNode->zData[4 + pRtree->nBytesPerCell*iCell]);
+}
+
+/*
+** Return coordinate iCoord from cell iCell in node pNode.
+*/
+static void nodeGetCoord(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeNode *pNode,
+  int iCell,
+  int iCoord,
+  RtreeCoord *pCoord           /* Space to write result to */
+){
+  readCoord(&pNode->zData[12 + pRtree->nBytesPerCell*iCell + 4*iCoord], pCoord);
+}
+
+/*
+** Deserialize cell iCell of node pNode. Populate the structure pointed
+** to by pCell with the results.
+*/
+static void nodeGetCell(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeNode *pNode,
+  int iCell,
+  RtreeCell *pCell
+){
+  int ii;
+  pCell->iRowid = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pNode, iCell);
+  for(ii=0; ii<pRtree->nDim*2; ii++){
+    nodeGetCoord(pRtree, pNode, iCell, ii, &pCell->aCoord[ii]);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* Forward declaration for the function that does the work of
+** the virtual table module xCreate() and xConnect() methods.
+*/
+static int rtreeInit(
+  sqlite3 *, void *, int, const char *const*, sqlite3_vtab **, char **, int, int
+);
+
+/*
+** Rtree virtual table module xCreate method.
+*/
+static int rtreeCreate(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  return rtreeInit(db, pAux, argc, argv, ppVtab, pzErr, 1, (int)pAux);
+}
+
+/*
+** Rtree virtual table module xConnect method.
+*/
+static int rtreeConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  return rtreeInit(db, pAux, argc, argv, ppVtab, pzErr, 0, (int)pAux);
+}
+
+/*
+** Increment the r-tree reference count.
+*/
+static void rtreeReference(Rtree *pRtree){
+  pRtree->nBusy++;
+}
+
+/*
+** Decrement the r-tree reference count. When the reference count reaches
+** zero the structure is deleted.
+*/
+static void rtreeRelease(Rtree *pRtree){
+  pRtree->nBusy--;
+  if( pRtree->nBusy==0 ){
+    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pReadNode);
+    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pWriteNode);
+    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pDeleteNode);
+    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pReadRowid);
+    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pWriteRowid);
+    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pDeleteRowid);
+    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pReadParent);
+    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pWriteParent);
+    sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pDeleteParent);
+    sqlite3_free(pRtree);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Rtree virtual table module xDisconnect method.
+*/
+static int rtreeDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  rtreeRelease((Rtree *)pVtab);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Rtree virtual table module xDestroy method.
+*/
+static int rtreeDestroy(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtab;
+  int rc;
+  char *zCreate = sqlite3_mprintf(
+    "DROP TABLE '%q'.'%q_node';"
+    "DROP TABLE '%q'.'%q_rowid';"
+    "DROP TABLE '%q'.'%q_parent';",
+    pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName,
+    pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName,
+    pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName
+  );
+  if( !zCreate ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }else{
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(pRtree->db, zCreate, 0, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_free(zCreate);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rtreeRelease(pRtree);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Rtree virtual table module xOpen method.
+*/
+static int rtreeOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  RtreeCursor *pCsr;
+
+  pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeCursor));
+  if( pCsr ){
+    memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(RtreeCursor));
+    pCsr->base.pVtab = pVTab;
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+  *ppCursor = (sqlite3_vtab_cursor *)pCsr;
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Rtree virtual table module xClose method.
+*/
+static int rtreeClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)(cur->pVtab);
+  int rc;
+  RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)cur;
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aConstraint);
+  rc = nodeRelease(pRtree, pCsr->pNode);
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Rtree virtual table module xEof method.
+**
+** Return non-zero if the cursor does not currently point to a valid
+** record (i.e if the scan has finished), or zero otherwise.
+*/
+static int rtreeEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)cur;
+  return (pCsr->pNode==0);
+}
+
+/*
+** Cursor pCursor currently points to a cell in a non-leaf page.
+** Return true if the sub-tree headed by the cell is filtered
+** (excluded) by the constraints in the pCursor->aConstraint[]
+** array, or false otherwise.
+*/
+static int testRtreeCell(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCursor *pCursor){
+  RtreeCell cell;
+  int ii;
+  int bRes = 0;
+
+  nodeGetCell(pRtree, pCursor->pNode, pCursor->iCell, &cell);
+  for(ii=0; bRes==0 && ii<pCursor->nConstraint; ii++){
+    RtreeConstraint *p = &pCursor->aConstraint[ii];
+    double cell_min = DCOORD(cell.aCoord[(p->iCoord>>1)*2]);
+    double cell_max = DCOORD(cell.aCoord[(p->iCoord>>1)*2+1]);
+
+    assert(p->op==RTREE_LE || p->op==RTREE_LT || p->op==RTREE_GE
+        || p->op==RTREE_GT || p->op==RTREE_EQ
+    );
+
+    switch( p->op ){
+      case RTREE_LE: case RTREE_LT: bRes = p->rValue<cell_min; break;
+      case RTREE_GE: case RTREE_GT: bRes = p->rValue>cell_max; break;
+      case RTREE_EQ:
+        bRes = (p->rValue>cell_max || p->rValue<cell_min);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return bRes;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return true if the cell that cursor pCursor currently points to
+** would be filtered (excluded) by the constraints in the
+** pCursor->aConstraint[] array, or false otherwise.
+**
+** This function assumes that the cell is part of a leaf node.
+*/
+static int testRtreeEntry(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCursor *pCursor){
+  RtreeCell cell;
+  int ii;
+
+  nodeGetCell(pRtree, pCursor->pNode, pCursor->iCell, &cell);
+  for(ii=0; ii<pCursor->nConstraint; ii++){
+    RtreeConstraint *p = &pCursor->aConstraint[ii];
+    double coord = DCOORD(cell.aCoord[p->iCoord]);
+    int res;
+    assert(p->op==RTREE_LE || p->op==RTREE_LT || p->op==RTREE_GE
+        || p->op==RTREE_GT || p->op==RTREE_EQ
+    );
+    switch( p->op ){
+      case RTREE_LE: res = (coord<=p->rValue); break;
+      case RTREE_LT: res = (coord<p->rValue);  break;
+      case RTREE_GE: res = (coord>=p->rValue); break;
+      case RTREE_GT: res = (coord>p->rValue);  break;
+      case RTREE_EQ: res = (coord==p->rValue); break;
+    }
+
+    if( !res ) return 1;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Cursor pCursor currently points at a node that heads a sub-tree of
+** height iHeight (if iHeight==0, then the node is a leaf). Descend
+** to point to the left-most cell of the sub-tree that matches the
+** configured constraints.
+*/
+static int descendToCell(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeCursor *pCursor,
+  int iHeight,
+  int *pEof                 /* OUT: Set to true if cannot descend */
+){
+  int isEof;
+  int rc;
+  int ii;
+  RtreeNode *pChild;
+  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;
+
+  RtreeNode *pSavedNode = pCursor->pNode;
+  int iSavedCell = pCursor->iCell;
+
+  assert( iHeight>=0 );
+
+  if( iHeight==0 ){
+    isEof = testRtreeEntry(pRtree, pCursor);
+  }else{
+    isEof = testRtreeCell(pRtree, pCursor);
+  }
+  if( isEof || iHeight==0 ){
+    *pEof = isEof;
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+
+  iRowid = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pCursor->pNode, pCursor->iCell);
+  rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iRowid, pCursor->pNode, &pChild);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    return rc;
+  }
+
+  nodeRelease(pRtree, pCursor->pNode);
+  pCursor->pNode = pChild;
+  isEof = 1;
+  for(ii=0; isEof && ii<NCELL(pChild); ii++){
+    pCursor->iCell = ii;
+    rc = descendToCell(pRtree, pCursor, iHeight-1, &isEof);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      return rc;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( isEof ){
+    assert( pCursor->pNode==pChild );
+    nodeReference(pSavedNode);
+    nodeRelease(pRtree, pChild);
+    pCursor->pNode = pSavedNode;
+    pCursor->iCell = iSavedCell;
+  }
+
+  *pEof = isEof;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** One of the cells in node pNode is guaranteed to have a 64-bit
+** integer value equal to iRowid. Return the index of this cell.
+*/
+static int nodeRowidIndex(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode, i64 iRowid){
+  int ii;
+  for(ii=0; nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pNode, ii)!=iRowid; ii++){
+    assert( ii<(NCELL(pNode)-1) );
+  }
+  return ii;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the index of the cell containing a pointer to node pNode
+** in its parent. If pNode is the root node, return -1.
+*/
+static int nodeParentIndex(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
+  RtreeNode *pParent = pNode->pParent;
+  if( pParent ){
+    return nodeRowidIndex(pRtree, pParent, pNode->iNode);
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Rtree virtual table module xNext method.
+*/
+static int rtreeNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor){
+  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)(pVtabCursor->pVtab);
+  RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)pVtabCursor;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  if( pCsr->iStrategy==1 ){
+    /* This "scan" is a direct lookup by rowid. There is no next entry. */
+    nodeRelease(pRtree, pCsr->pNode);
+    pCsr->pNode = 0;
+  }
+
+  else if( pCsr->pNode ){
+    /* Move to the next entry that matches the configured constraints. */
+    int iHeight = 0;
+    while( pCsr->pNode ){
+      RtreeNode *pNode = pCsr->pNode;
+      int nCell = NCELL(pNode);
+      for(pCsr->iCell++; pCsr->iCell<nCell; pCsr->iCell++){
+        int isEof;
+        rc = descendToCell(pRtree, pCsr, iHeight, &isEof);
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || !isEof ){
+          return rc;
+        }
+      }
+      pCsr->pNode = pNode->pParent;
+      pCsr->iCell = nodeParentIndex(pRtree, pNode);
+      nodeReference(pCsr->pNode);
+      nodeRelease(pRtree, pNode);
+      iHeight++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Rtree virtual table module xRowid method.
+*/
+static int rtreeRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtabCursor->pVtab;
+  RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)pVtabCursor;
+
+  assert(pCsr->pNode);
+  *pRowid = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pCsr->pNode, pCsr->iCell);
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Rtree virtual table module xColumn method.
+*/
+static int rtreeColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
+  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)cur->pVtab;
+  RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)cur;
+
+  if( i==0 ){
+    i64 iRowid = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pCsr->pNode, pCsr->iCell);
+    sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, iRowid);
+  }else{
+    RtreeCoord c;
+    nodeGetCoord(pRtree, pCsr->pNode, pCsr->iCell, i-1, &c);
+    if( pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_REAL32 ){
+      sqlite3_result_double(ctx, c.f);
+    }else{
+      assert( pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_INT32 );
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, c.i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Use nodeAcquire() to obtain the leaf node containing the record with
+** rowid iRowid. If successful, set *ppLeaf to point to the node and
+** return SQLITE_OK. If there is no such record in the table, set
+** *ppLeaf to 0 and return SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set *ppLeaf
+** to zero and return an SQLite error code.
+*/
+static int findLeafNode(Rtree *pRtree, i64 iRowid, RtreeNode **ppLeaf){
+  int rc;
+  *ppLeaf = 0;
+  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pReadRowid, 1, iRowid);
+  if( sqlite3_step(pRtree->pReadRowid)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    i64 iNode = sqlite3_column_int64(pRtree->pReadRowid, 0);
+    rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iNode, 0, ppLeaf);
+    sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadRowid);
+  }else{
+    rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadRowid);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Rtree virtual table module xFilter method.
+*/
+static int rtreeFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor,
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtabCursor->pVtab;
+  RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)pVtabCursor;
+
+  RtreeNode *pRoot = 0;
+  int ii;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  rtreeReference(pRtree);
+
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aConstraint);
+  pCsr->aConstraint = 0;
+  pCsr->iStrategy = idxNum;
+
+  if( idxNum==1 ){
+    /* Special case - lookup by rowid. */
+    RtreeNode *pLeaf;        /* Leaf on which the required cell resides */
+    i64 iRowid = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[0]);
+    rc = findLeafNode(pRtree, iRowid, &pLeaf);
+    pCsr->pNode = pLeaf;
+    if( pLeaf && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      pCsr->iCell = nodeRowidIndex(pRtree, pLeaf, iRowid);
+    }
+  }else{
+    /* Normal case - r-tree scan. Set up the RtreeCursor.aConstraint array
+    ** with the configured constraints.
+    */
+    if( argc>0 ){
+      pCsr->aConstraint = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeConstraint)*argc);
+      pCsr->nConstraint = argc;
+      if( !pCsr->aConstraint ){
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }else{
+        assert( (idxStr==0 && argc==0) || strlen(idxStr)==argc*2 );
+        for(ii=0; ii<argc; ii++){
+          RtreeConstraint *p = &pCsr->aConstraint[ii];
+          p->op = idxStr[ii*2];
+          p->iCoord = idxStr[ii*2+1]-'a';
+          p->rValue = sqlite3_value_double(argv[ii]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      pCsr->pNode = 0;
+      rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, 1, 0, &pRoot);
+    }
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      int isEof = 1;
+      int nCell = NCELL(pRoot);
+      pCsr->pNode = pRoot;
+      for(pCsr->iCell=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && pCsr->iCell<nCell; pCsr->iCell++){
+        assert( pCsr->pNode==pRoot );
+        rc = descendToCell(pRtree, pCsr, pRtree->iDepth, &isEof);
+        if( !isEof ){
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && isEof ){
+        assert( pCsr->pNode==pRoot );
+        nodeRelease(pRtree, pRoot);
+        pCsr->pNode = 0;
+      }
+      assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || !pCsr->pNode || pCsr->iCell<NCELL(pCsr->pNode) );
+    }
+  }
+
+  rtreeRelease(pRtree);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Rtree virtual table module xBestIndex method. There are three
+** table scan strategies to choose from (in order from most to
+** least desirable):
+**
+**   idxNum     idxStr        Strategy
+**   ------------------------------------------------
+**     1        Unused        Direct lookup by rowid.
+**     2        See below     R-tree query.
+**     3        Unused        Full table scan.
+**   ------------------------------------------------
+**
+** If strategy 1 or 3 is used, then idxStr is not meaningful. If strategy
+** 2 is used, idxStr is formatted to contain 2 bytes for each
+** constraint used. The first two bytes of idxStr correspond to
+** the constraint in sqlite3_index_info.aConstraintUsage[] with
+** (argvIndex==1) etc.
+**
+** The first of each pair of bytes in idxStr identifies the constraint
+** operator as follows:
+**
+**   Operator    Byte Value
+**   ----------------------
+**      =        0x41 ('A')
+**     <=        0x42 ('B')
+**      <        0x43 ('C')
+**     >=        0x44 ('D')
+**      >        0x45 ('E')
+**   ----------------------
+**
+** The second of each pair of bytes identifies the coordinate column
+** to which the constraint applies. The leftmost coordinate column
+** is 'a', the second from the left 'b' etc.
+*/
+static int rtreeBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int ii, cCol;
+
+  int iIdx = 0;
+  char zIdxStr[RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS*8+1];
+  memset(zIdxStr, 0, sizeof(zIdxStr));
+
+  assert( pIdxInfo->idxStr==0 );
+  for(ii=0; ii<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; ii++){
+    struct sqlite3_index_constraint *p = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[ii];
+
+    if( p->usable && p->iColumn==0 && p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
+      /* We have an equality constraint on the rowid. Use strategy 1. */
+      int jj;
+      for(jj=0; jj<ii; jj++){
+        pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jj].argvIndex = 0;
+        pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jj].omit = 0;
+      }
+      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[ii].argvIndex = 1;
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jj].omit = 1;
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
+
+    if( p->usable && p->iColumn>0 ){
+      u8 op = 0;
+      switch( p->op ){
+        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ: op = RTREE_EQ; break;
+        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT: op = RTREE_GT; break;
+        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE: op = RTREE_LE; break;
+        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT: op = RTREE_LT; break;
+        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE: op = RTREE_GE; break;
+      }
+      if( op ){
+        /* Make sure this particular constraint has not been used before.
+        ** If it has been used before, ignore it.
+        **
+        ** A <= or < can be used if there is a prior >= or >.
+        ** A >= or > can be used if there is a prior < or <=.
+        ** A <= or < is disqualified if there is a prior <=, <, or ==.
+        ** A >= or > is disqualified if there is a prior >=, >, or ==.
+        ** A == is disqualifed if there is any prior constraint.
+        */
+        int j, opmsk;
+        static const unsigned char compatible[] = { 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2 };
+        assert( compatible[RTREE_EQ & 7]==0 );
+        assert( compatible[RTREE_LT & 7]==1 );
+        assert( compatible[RTREE_LE & 7]==1 );
+        assert( compatible[RTREE_GT & 7]==2 );
+        assert( compatible[RTREE_GE & 7]==2 );
+        cCol = p->iColumn - 1 + 'a';
+        opmsk = compatible[op & 7];
+        for(j=0; j<iIdx; j+=2){
+          if( zIdxStr[j+1]==cCol && (compatible[zIdxStr[j] & 7] & opmsk)!=0 ){
+            op = 0;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if( op ){
+        assert( iIdx<sizeof(zIdxStr)-1 );
+        zIdxStr[iIdx++] = op;
+        zIdxStr[iIdx++] = cCol;
+        pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[ii].argvIndex = (iIdx/2);
+        pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[ii].omit = 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  pIdxInfo->idxNum = 2;
+  pIdxInfo->needToFreeIdxStr = 1;
+  if( iIdx>0 && 0==(pIdxInfo->idxStr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zIdxStr)) ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the N-dimensional volumn of the cell stored in *p.
+*/
+static float cellArea(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p){
+  float area = 1.0;
+  int ii;
+  for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
+    area = area * (DCOORD(p->aCoord[ii+1]) - DCOORD(p->aCoord[ii]));
+  }
+  return area;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the margin length of cell p. The margin length is the sum
+** of the objects size in each dimension.
+*/
+static float cellMargin(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p){
+  float margin = 0.0;
+  int ii;
+  for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
+    margin += (DCOORD(p->aCoord[ii+1]) - DCOORD(p->aCoord[ii]));
+  }
+  return margin;
+}
+
+/*
+** Store the union of cells p1 and p2 in p1.
+*/
+static void cellUnion(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p1, RtreeCell *p2){
+  int ii;
+  if( pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_REAL32 ){
+    for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
+      p1->aCoord[ii].f = MIN(p1->aCoord[ii].f, p2->aCoord[ii].f);
+      p1->aCoord[ii+1].f = MAX(p1->aCoord[ii+1].f, p2->aCoord[ii+1].f);
+    }
+  }else{
+    for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
+      p1->aCoord[ii].i = MIN(p1->aCoord[ii].i, p2->aCoord[ii].i);
+      p1->aCoord[ii+1].i = MAX(p1->aCoord[ii+1].i, p2->aCoord[ii+1].i);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the amount cell p would grow by if it were unioned with pCell.
+*/
+static float cellGrowth(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p, RtreeCell *pCell){
+  float area;
+  RtreeCell cell;
+  memcpy(&cell, p, sizeof(RtreeCell));
+  area = cellArea(pRtree, &cell);
+  cellUnion(pRtree, &cell, pCell);
+  return (cellArea(pRtree, &cell)-area);
+}
+
+#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_CHOOSESUBTREE || VARIANT_RSTARTREE_SPLIT
+static float cellOverlap(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeCell *p,
+  RtreeCell *aCell,
+  int nCell,
+  int iExclude
+){
+  int ii;
+  float overlap = 0.0;
+  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
+    if( ii!=iExclude ){
+      int jj;
+      float o = 1.0;
+      for(jj=0; jj<(pRtree->nDim*2); jj+=2){
+        double x1;
+        double x2;
+
+        x1 = MAX(DCOORD(p->aCoord[jj]), DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[jj]));
+        x2 = MIN(DCOORD(p->aCoord[jj+1]), DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[jj+1]));
+
+        if( x2<x1 ){
+          o = 0.0;
+          break;
+        }else{
+          o = o * (x2-x1);
+        }
+      }
+      overlap += o;
+    }
+  }
+  return overlap;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_CHOOSESUBTREE
+static float cellOverlapEnlargement(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeCell *p,
+  RtreeCell *pInsert,
+  RtreeCell *aCell,
+  int nCell,
+  int iExclude
+){
+  float before;
+  float after;
+  before = cellOverlap(pRtree, p, aCell, nCell, iExclude);
+  cellUnion(pRtree, p, pInsert);
+  after = cellOverlap(pRtree, p, aCell, nCell, iExclude);
+  return after-before;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** This function implements the ChooseLeaf algorithm from Gutman[84].
+** ChooseSubTree in r*tree terminology.
+*/
+static int ChooseLeaf(
+  Rtree *pRtree,               /* Rtree table */
+  RtreeCell *pCell,            /* Cell to insert into rtree */
+  int iHeight,                 /* Height of sub-tree rooted at pCell */
+  RtreeNode **ppLeaf           /* OUT: Selected leaf page */
+){
+  int rc;
+  int ii;
+  RtreeNode *pNode;
+  rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, 1, 0, &pNode);
+
+  for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<(pRtree->iDepth-iHeight); ii++){
+    int iCell;
+    sqlite3_int64 iBest;
+
+    float fMinGrowth;
+    float fMinArea;
+    float fMinOverlap;
+
+    int nCell = NCELL(pNode);
+    RtreeCell cell;
+    RtreeNode *pChild;
+
+    RtreeCell *aCell = 0;
+
+#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_CHOOSESUBTREE
+    if( ii==(pRtree->iDepth-1) ){
+      int jj;
+      aCell = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeCell)*nCell);
+      if( !aCell ){
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        nodeRelease(pRtree, pNode);
+        pNode = 0;
+        continue;
+      }
+      for(jj=0; jj<nCell; jj++){
+        nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, jj, &aCell[jj]);
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* Select the child node which will be enlarged the least if pCell
+    ** is inserted into it. Resolve ties by choosing the entry with
+    ** the smallest area.
+    */
+    for(iCell=0; iCell<nCell; iCell++){
+      float growth;
+      float area;
+      float overlap = 0.0;
+      nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, iCell, &cell);
+      growth = cellGrowth(pRtree, &cell, pCell);
+      area = cellArea(pRtree, &cell);
+#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_CHOOSESUBTREE
+      if( ii==(pRtree->iDepth-1) ){
+        overlap = cellOverlapEnlargement(pRtree,&cell,pCell,aCell,nCell,iCell);
+      }
+#endif
+      if( (iCell==0)
+       || (overlap<fMinOverlap)
+       || (overlap==fMinOverlap && growth<fMinGrowth)
+       || (overlap==fMinOverlap && growth==fMinGrowth && area<fMinArea)
+      ){
+        fMinOverlap = overlap;
+        fMinGrowth = growth;
+        fMinArea = area;
+        iBest = cell.iRowid;
+      }
+    }
+
+    sqlite3_free(aCell);
+    rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iBest, pNode, &pChild);
+    nodeRelease(pRtree, pNode);
+    pNode = pChild;
+  }
+
+  *ppLeaf = pNode;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** A cell with the same content as pCell has just been inserted into
+** the node pNode. This function updates the bounding box cells in
+** all ancestor elements.
+*/
+static void AdjustTree(
+  Rtree *pRtree,                    /* Rtree table */
+  RtreeNode *pNode,                 /* Adjust ancestry of this node. */
+  RtreeCell *pCell                  /* This cell was just inserted */
+){
+  RtreeNode *p = pNode;
+  while( p->pParent ){
+    RtreeCell cell;
+    RtreeNode *pParent = p->pParent;
+    int iCell = nodeParentIndex(pRtree, p);
+
+    nodeGetCell(pRtree, pParent, iCell, &cell);
+    if( cellGrowth(pRtree, &cell, pCell)>0.0 ){
+      cellUnion(pRtree, &cell, pCell);
+      nodeOverwriteCell(pRtree, pParent, &cell, iCell);
+    }
+
+    p = pParent;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Write mapping (iRowid->iNode) to the <rtree>_rowid table.
+*/
+static int rowidWrite(Rtree *pRtree, sqlite3_int64 iRowid, sqlite3_int64 iNode){
+  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pWriteRowid, 1, iRowid);
+  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pWriteRowid, 2, iNode);
+  sqlite3_step(pRtree->pWriteRowid);
+  return sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pWriteRowid);
+}
+
+/*
+** Write mapping (iNode->iPar) to the <rtree>_parent table.
+*/
+static int parentWrite(Rtree *pRtree, sqlite3_int64 iNode, sqlite3_int64 iPar){
+  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pWriteParent, 1, iNode);
+  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pWriteParent, 2, iPar);
+  sqlite3_step(pRtree->pWriteParent);
+  return sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pWriteParent);
+}
+
+static int rtreeInsertCell(Rtree *, RtreeNode *, RtreeCell *, int);
+
+#if VARIANT_GUTTMAN_LINEAR_SPLIT
+/*
+** Implementation of the linear variant of the PickNext() function from
+** Guttman[84].
+*/
+static RtreeCell *LinearPickNext(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeCell *aCell,
+  int nCell,
+  RtreeCell *pLeftBox,
+  RtreeCell *pRightBox,
+  int *aiUsed
+){
+  int ii;
+  for(ii=0; aiUsed[ii]; ii++);
+  aiUsed[ii] = 1;
+  return &aCell[ii];
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the linear variant of the PickSeeds() function from
+** Guttman[84].
+*/
+static void LinearPickSeeds(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeCell *aCell,
+  int nCell,
+  int *piLeftSeed,
+  int *piRightSeed
+){
+  int i;
+  int iLeftSeed = 0;
+  int iRightSeed = 1;
+  float maxNormalInnerWidth = 0.0;
+
+  /* Pick two "seed" cells from the array of cells. The algorithm used
+  ** here is the LinearPickSeeds algorithm from Gutman[1984]. The
+  ** indices of the two seed cells in the array are stored in local
+  ** variables iLeftSeek and iRightSeed.
+  */
+  for(i=0; i<pRtree->nDim; i++){
+    float x1 = aCell[0].aCoord[i*2];
+    float x2 = aCell[0].aCoord[i*2+1];
+    float x3 = x1;
+    float x4 = x2;
+    int jj;
+
+    int iCellLeft = 0;
+    int iCellRight = 0;
+
+    for(jj=1; jj<nCell; jj++){
+      float left = aCell[jj].aCoord[i*2];
+      float right = aCell[jj].aCoord[i*2+1];
+
+      if( left<x1 ) x1 = left;
+      if( right>x4 ) x4 = right;
+      if( left>x3 ){
+        x3 = left;
+        iCellRight = jj;
+      }
+      if( right<x2 ){
+        x2 = right;
+        iCellLeft = jj;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if( x4!=x1 ){
+      float normalwidth = (x3 - x2) / (x4 - x1);
+      if( normalwidth>maxNormalInnerWidth ){
+        iLeftSeed = iCellLeft;
+        iRightSeed = iCellRight;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  *piLeftSeed = iLeftSeed;
+  *piRightSeed = iRightSeed;
+}
+#endif /* VARIANT_GUTTMAN_LINEAR_SPLIT */
+
+#if VARIANT_GUTTMAN_QUADRATIC_SPLIT
+/*
+** Implementation of the quadratic variant of the PickNext() function from
+** Guttman[84].
+*/
+static RtreeCell *QuadraticPickNext(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeCell *aCell,
+  int nCell,
+  RtreeCell *pLeftBox,
+  RtreeCell *pRightBox,
+  int *aiUsed
+){
+  #define FABS(a) ((a)<0.0?-1.0*(a):(a))
+
+  int iSelect = -1;
+  float fDiff;
+  int ii;
+  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
+    if( aiUsed[ii]==0 ){
+      float left = cellGrowth(pRtree, pLeftBox, &aCell[ii]);
+      float right = cellGrowth(pRtree, pLeftBox, &aCell[ii]);
+      float diff = FABS(right-left);
+      if( iSelect<0 || diff>fDiff ){
+        fDiff = diff;
+        iSelect = ii;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  aiUsed[iSelect] = 1;
+  return &aCell[iSelect];
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the quadratic variant of the PickSeeds() function from
+** Guttman[84].
+*/
+static void QuadraticPickSeeds(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeCell *aCell,
+  int nCell,
+  int *piLeftSeed,
+  int *piRightSeed
+){
+  int ii;
+  int jj;
+
+  int iLeftSeed = 0;
+  int iRightSeed = 1;
+  float fWaste = 0.0;
+
+  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
+    for(jj=ii+1; jj<nCell; jj++){
+      float right = cellArea(pRtree, &aCell[jj]);
+      float growth = cellGrowth(pRtree, &aCell[ii], &aCell[jj]);
+      float waste = growth - right;
+
+      if( waste>fWaste ){
+        iLeftSeed = ii;
+        iRightSeed = jj;
+        fWaste = waste;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  *piLeftSeed = iLeftSeed;
+  *piRightSeed = iRightSeed;
+}
+#endif /* VARIANT_GUTTMAN_QUADRATIC_SPLIT */
+
+/*
+** Arguments aIdx, aDistance and aSpare all point to arrays of size
+** nIdx. The aIdx array contains the set of integers from 0 to
+** (nIdx-1) in no particular order. This function sorts the values
+** in aIdx according to the indexed values in aDistance. For
+** example, assuming the inputs:
+**
+**   aIdx      = { 0,   1,   2,   3 }
+**   aDistance = { 5.0, 2.0, 7.0, 6.0 }
+**
+** this function sets the aIdx array to contain:
+**
+**   aIdx      = { 0,   1,   2,   3 }
+**
+** The aSpare array is used as temporary working space by the
+** sorting algorithm.
+*/
+static void SortByDistance(
+  int *aIdx,
+  int nIdx,
+  float *aDistance,
+  int *aSpare
+){
+  if( nIdx>1 ){
+    int iLeft = 0;
+    int iRight = 0;
+
+    int nLeft = nIdx/2;
+    int nRight = nIdx-nLeft;
+    int *aLeft = aIdx;
+    int *aRight = &aIdx[nLeft];
+
+    SortByDistance(aLeft, nLeft, aDistance, aSpare);
+    SortByDistance(aRight, nRight, aDistance, aSpare);
+
+    memcpy(aSpare, aLeft, sizeof(int)*nLeft);
+    aLeft = aSpare;
+
+    while( iLeft<nLeft || iRight<nRight ){
+      if( iLeft==nLeft ){
+        aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aRight[iRight];
+        iRight++;
+      }else if( iRight==nRight ){
+        aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aLeft[iLeft];
+        iLeft++;
+      }else{
+        float fLeft = aDistance[aLeft[iLeft]];
+        float fRight = aDistance[aRight[iRight]];
+        if( fLeft<fRight ){
+          aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aLeft[iLeft];
+          iLeft++;
+        }else{
+          aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aRight[iRight];
+          iRight++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+#if 0
+    /* Check that the sort worked */
+    {
+      int jj;
+      for(jj=1; jj<nIdx; jj++){
+        float left = aDistance[aIdx[jj-1]];
+        float right = aDistance[aIdx[jj]];
+        assert( left<=right );
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Arguments aIdx, aCell and aSpare all point to arrays of size
+** nIdx. The aIdx array contains the set of integers from 0 to
+** (nIdx-1) in no particular order. This function sorts the values
+** in aIdx according to dimension iDim of the cells in aCell. The
+** minimum value of dimension iDim is considered first, the
+** maximum used to break ties.
+**
+** The aSpare array is used as temporary working space by the
+** sorting algorithm.
+*/
+static void SortByDimension(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  int *aIdx,
+  int nIdx,
+  int iDim,
+  RtreeCell *aCell,
+  int *aSpare
+){
+  if( nIdx>1 ){
+
+    int iLeft = 0;
+    int iRight = 0;
+
+    int nLeft = nIdx/2;
+    int nRight = nIdx-nLeft;
+    int *aLeft = aIdx;
+    int *aRight = &aIdx[nLeft];
+
+    SortByDimension(pRtree, aLeft, nLeft, iDim, aCell, aSpare);
+    SortByDimension(pRtree, aRight, nRight, iDim, aCell, aSpare);
+
+    memcpy(aSpare, aLeft, sizeof(int)*nLeft);
+    aLeft = aSpare;
+    while( iLeft<nLeft || iRight<nRight ){
+      double xleft1 = DCOORD(aCell[aLeft[iLeft]].aCoord[iDim*2]);
+      double xleft2 = DCOORD(aCell[aLeft[iLeft]].aCoord[iDim*2+1]);
+      double xright1 = DCOORD(aCell[aRight[iRight]].aCoord[iDim*2]);
+      double xright2 = DCOORD(aCell[aRight[iRight]].aCoord[iDim*2+1]);
+      if( (iLeft!=nLeft) && ((iRight==nRight)
+       || (xleft1<xright1)
+       || (xleft1==xright1 && xleft2<xright2)
+      )){
+        aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aLeft[iLeft];
+        iLeft++;
+      }else{
+        aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aRight[iRight];
+        iRight++;
+      }
+    }
+
+#if 0
+    /* Check that the sort worked */
+    {
+      int jj;
+      for(jj=1; jj<nIdx; jj++){
+        float xleft1 = aCell[aIdx[jj-1]].aCoord[iDim*2];
+        float xleft2 = aCell[aIdx[jj-1]].aCoord[iDim*2+1];
+        float xright1 = aCell[aIdx[jj]].aCoord[iDim*2];
+        float xright2 = aCell[aIdx[jj]].aCoord[iDim*2+1];
+        assert( xleft1<=xright1 && (xleft1<xright1 || xleft2<=xright2) );
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+}
+
+#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_SPLIT
+/*
+** Implementation of the R*-tree variant of SplitNode from Beckman[1990].
+*/
+static int splitNodeStartree(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeCell *aCell,
+  int nCell,
+  RtreeNode *pLeft,
+  RtreeNode *pRight,
+  RtreeCell *pBboxLeft,
+  RtreeCell *pBboxRight
+){
+  int **aaSorted;
+  int *aSpare;
+  int ii;
+
+  int iBestDim;
+  int iBestSplit;
+  float fBestMargin;
+
+  int nByte = (pRtree->nDim+1)*(sizeof(int*)+nCell*sizeof(int));
+
+  aaSorted = (int **)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  if( !aaSorted ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  aSpare = &((int *)&aaSorted[pRtree->nDim])[pRtree->nDim*nCell];
+  memset(aaSorted, 0, nByte);
+  for(ii=0; ii<pRtree->nDim; ii++){
+    int jj;
+    aaSorted[ii] = &((int *)&aaSorted[pRtree->nDim])[ii*nCell];
+    for(jj=0; jj<nCell; jj++){
+      aaSorted[ii][jj] = jj;
+    }
+    SortByDimension(pRtree, aaSorted[ii], nCell, ii, aCell, aSpare);
+  }
+
+  for(ii=0; ii<pRtree->nDim; ii++){
+    float margin = 0.0;
+    float fBestOverlap;
+    float fBestArea;
+    int iBestLeft;
+    int nLeft;
+
+    for(
+      nLeft=RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree);
+      nLeft<=(nCell-RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree));
+      nLeft++
+    ){
+      RtreeCell left;
+      RtreeCell right;
+      int kk;
+      float overlap;
+      float area;
+
+      memcpy(&left, &aCell[aaSorted[ii][0]], sizeof(RtreeCell));
+      memcpy(&right, &aCell[aaSorted[ii][nCell-1]], sizeof(RtreeCell));
+      for(kk=1; kk<(nCell-1); kk++){
+        if( kk<nLeft ){
+          cellUnion(pRtree, &left, &aCell[aaSorted[ii][kk]]);
+        }else{
+          cellUnion(pRtree, &right, &aCell[aaSorted[ii][kk]]);
+        }
+      }
+      margin += cellMargin(pRtree, &left);
+      margin += cellMargin(pRtree, &right);
+      overlap = cellOverlap(pRtree, &left, &right, 1, -1);
+      area = cellArea(pRtree, &left) + cellArea(pRtree, &right);
+      if( (nLeft==RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree))
+       || (overlap<fBestOverlap)
+       || (overlap==fBestOverlap && area<fBestArea)
+      ){
+        iBestLeft = nLeft;
+        fBestOverlap = overlap;
+        fBestArea = area;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if( ii==0 || margin<fBestMargin ){
+      iBestDim = ii;
+      fBestMargin = margin;
+      iBestSplit = iBestLeft;
+    }
+  }
+
+  memcpy(pBboxLeft, &aCell[aaSorted[iBestDim][0]], sizeof(RtreeCell));
+  memcpy(pBboxRight, &aCell[aaSorted[iBestDim][iBestSplit]], sizeof(RtreeCell));
+  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
+    RtreeNode *pTarget = (ii<iBestSplit)?pLeft:pRight;
+    RtreeCell *pBbox = (ii<iBestSplit)?pBboxLeft:pBboxRight;
+    RtreeCell *pCell = &aCell[aaSorted[iBestDim][ii]];
+    nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pTarget, pCell);
+    cellUnion(pRtree, pBbox, pCell);
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_free(aaSorted);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if VARIANT_GUTTMAN_SPLIT
+/*
+** Implementation of the regular R-tree SplitNode from Guttman[1984].
+*/
+static int splitNodeGuttman(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeCell *aCell,
+  int nCell,
+  RtreeNode *pLeft,
+  RtreeNode *pRight,
+  RtreeCell *pBboxLeft,
+  RtreeCell *pBboxRight
+){
+  int iLeftSeed = 0;
+  int iRightSeed = 1;
+  int *aiUsed;
+  int i;
+
+  aiUsed = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(int)*nCell);
+  memset(aiUsed, 0, sizeof(int)*nCell);
+
+  PickSeeds(pRtree, aCell, nCell, &iLeftSeed, &iRightSeed);
+
+  memcpy(pBboxLeft, &aCell[iLeftSeed], sizeof(RtreeCell));
+  memcpy(pBboxRight, &aCell[iRightSeed], sizeof(RtreeCell));
+  nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pLeft, &aCell[iLeftSeed]);
+  nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pRight, &aCell[iRightSeed]);
+  aiUsed[iLeftSeed] = 1;
+  aiUsed[iRightSeed] = 1;
+
+  for(i=nCell-2; i>0; i--){
+    RtreeCell *pNext;
+    pNext = PickNext(pRtree, aCell, nCell, pBboxLeft, pBboxRight, aiUsed);
+    float diff =
+      cellGrowth(pRtree, pBboxLeft, pNext) -
+      cellGrowth(pRtree, pBboxRight, pNext)
+    ;
+    if( (RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree)-NCELL(pRight)==i)
+     || (diff>0.0 && (RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree)-NCELL(pLeft)!=i))
+    ){
+      nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pRight, pNext);
+      cellUnion(pRtree, pBboxRight, pNext);
+    }else{
+      nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pLeft, pNext);
+      cellUnion(pRtree, pBboxLeft, pNext);
+    }
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_free(aiUsed);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int updateMapping(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  i64 iRowid,
+  RtreeNode *pNode,
+  int iHeight
+){
+  int (*xSetMapping)(Rtree *, sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64);
+  xSetMapping = ((iHeight==0)?rowidWrite:parentWrite);
+  if( iHeight>0 ){
+    RtreeNode *pChild = nodeHashLookup(pRtree, iRowid);
+    if( pChild ){
+      nodeRelease(pRtree, pChild->pParent);
+      nodeReference(pNode);
+      pChild->pParent = pNode;
+    }
+  }
+  return xSetMapping(pRtree, iRowid, pNode->iNode);
+}
+
+static int SplitNode(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeNode *pNode,
+  RtreeCell *pCell,
+  int iHeight
+){
+  int i;
+  int newCellIsRight = 0;
+
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int nCell = NCELL(pNode);
+  RtreeCell *aCell;
+  int *aiUsed;
+
+  RtreeNode *pLeft = 0;
+  RtreeNode *pRight = 0;
+
+  RtreeCell leftbbox;
+  RtreeCell rightbbox;
+
+  /* Allocate an array and populate it with a copy of pCell and
+  ** all cells from node pLeft. Then zero the original node.
+  */
+  aCell = sqlite3_malloc((sizeof(RtreeCell)+sizeof(int))*(nCell+1));
+  if( !aCell ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    goto splitnode_out;
+  }
+  aiUsed = (int *)&aCell[nCell+1];
+  memset(aiUsed, 0, sizeof(int)*(nCell+1));
+  for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
+    nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, i, &aCell[i]);
+  }
+  nodeZero(pRtree, pNode);
+  memcpy(&aCell[nCell], pCell, sizeof(RtreeCell));
+  nCell++;
+
+  if( pNode->iNode==1 ){
+    pRight = nodeNew(pRtree, pNode, 1);
+    pLeft = nodeNew(pRtree, pNode, 1);
+    pRtree->iDepth++;
+    pNode->isDirty = 1;
+    writeInt16(pNode->zData, pRtree->iDepth);
+  }else{
+    pLeft = pNode;
+    pRight = nodeNew(pRtree, pLeft->pParent, 1);
+    nodeReference(pLeft);
+  }
+
+  if( !pLeft || !pRight ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    goto splitnode_out;
+  }
+
+  memset(pLeft->zData, 0, pRtree->iNodeSize);
+  memset(pRight->zData, 0, pRtree->iNodeSize);
+
+  rc = AssignCells(pRtree, aCell, nCell, pLeft, pRight, &leftbbox, &rightbbox);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    goto splitnode_out;
+  }
+
+  /* Ensure both child nodes have node numbers assigned to them. */
+  if( (0==pRight->iNode && SQLITE_OK!=(rc = nodeWrite(pRtree, pRight)))
+   || (0==pLeft->iNode && SQLITE_OK!=(rc = nodeWrite(pRtree, pLeft)))
+  ){
+    goto splitnode_out;
+  }
+
+  rightbbox.iRowid = pRight->iNode;
+  leftbbox.iRowid = pLeft->iNode;
+
+  if( pNode->iNode==1 ){
+    rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pLeft->pParent, &leftbbox, iHeight+1);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      goto splitnode_out;
+    }
+  }else{
+    RtreeNode *pParent = pLeft->pParent;
+    int iCell = nodeParentIndex(pRtree, pLeft);
+    nodeOverwriteCell(pRtree, pParent, &leftbbox, iCell);
+    AdjustTree(pRtree, pParent, &leftbbox);
+  }
+  if( (rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pRight->pParent, &rightbbox, iHeight+1)) ){
+    goto splitnode_out;
+  }
+
+  for(i=0; i<NCELL(pRight); i++){
+    i64 iRowid = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pRight, i);
+    rc = updateMapping(pRtree, iRowid, pRight, iHeight);
+    if( iRowid==pCell->iRowid ){
+      newCellIsRight = 1;
+    }
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      goto splitnode_out;
+    }
+  }
+  if( pNode->iNode==1 ){
+    for(i=0; i<NCELL(pLeft); i++){
+      i64 iRowid = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pLeft, i);
+      rc = updateMapping(pRtree, iRowid, pLeft, iHeight);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        goto splitnode_out;
+      }
+    }
+  }else if( newCellIsRight==0 ){
+    rc = updateMapping(pRtree, pCell->iRowid, pLeft, iHeight);
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = nodeRelease(pRtree, pRight);
+    pRight = 0;
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = nodeRelease(pRtree, pLeft);
+    pLeft = 0;
+  }
+
+splitnode_out:
+  nodeRelease(pRtree, pRight);
+  nodeRelease(pRtree, pLeft);
+  sqlite3_free(aCell);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int fixLeafParent(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pLeaf){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( pLeaf->iNode!=1 && pLeaf->pParent==0 ){
+    sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pReadParent, 1, pLeaf->iNode);
+    if( sqlite3_step(pRtree->pReadParent)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+      i64 iNode = sqlite3_column_int64(pRtree->pReadParent, 0);
+      rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iNode, 0, &pLeaf->pParent);
+    }else{
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+    sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadParent);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = fixLeafParent(pRtree, pLeaf->pParent);
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int deleteCell(Rtree *, RtreeNode *, int, int);
+
+static int removeNode(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode, int iHeight){
+  int rc;
+  RtreeNode *pParent;
+  int iCell;
+
+  assert( pNode->nRef==1 );
+
+  /* Remove the entry in the parent cell. */
+  iCell = nodeParentIndex(pRtree, pNode);
+  pParent = pNode->pParent;
+  pNode->pParent = 0;
+  if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = deleteCell(pRtree, pParent, iCell, iHeight+1))
+   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = nodeRelease(pRtree, pParent))
+  ){
+    return rc;
+  }
+
+  /* Remove the xxx_node entry. */
+  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pDeleteNode, 1, pNode->iNode);
+  sqlite3_step(pRtree->pDeleteNode);
+  if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pDeleteNode)) ){
+    return rc;
+  }
+
+  /* Remove the xxx_parent entry. */
+  sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pDeleteParent, 1, pNode->iNode);
+  sqlite3_step(pRtree->pDeleteParent);
+  if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pDeleteParent)) ){
+    return rc;
+  }
+
+  /* Remove the node from the in-memory hash table and link it into
+  ** the Rtree.pDeleted list. Its contents will be re-inserted later on.
+  */
+  nodeHashDelete(pRtree, pNode);
+  pNode->iNode = iHeight;
+  pNode->pNext = pRtree->pDeleted;
+  pNode->nRef++;
+  pRtree->pDeleted = pNode;
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static void fixBoundingBox(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
+  RtreeNode *pParent = pNode->pParent;
+  if( pParent ){
+    int ii;
+    int nCell = NCELL(pNode);
+    RtreeCell box;                            /* Bounding box for pNode */
+    nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, 0, &box);
+    for(ii=1; ii<nCell; ii++){
+      RtreeCell cell;
+      nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, ii, &cell);
+      cellUnion(pRtree, &box, &cell);
+    }
+    box.iRowid = pNode->iNode;
+    ii = nodeParentIndex(pRtree, pNode);
+    nodeOverwriteCell(pRtree, pParent, &box, ii);
+    fixBoundingBox(pRtree, pParent);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Delete the cell at index iCell of node pNode. After removing the
+** cell, adjust the r-tree data structure if required.
+*/
+static int deleteCell(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode, int iCell, int iHeight){
+  int rc;
+
+  if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = fixLeafParent(pRtree, pNode)) ){
+    return rc;
+  }
+
+  /* Remove the cell from the node. This call just moves bytes around
+  ** the in-memory node image, so it cannot fail.
+  */
+  nodeDeleteCell(pRtree, pNode, iCell);
+
+  /* If the node is not the tree root and now has less than the minimum
+  ** number of cells, remove it from the tree. Otherwise, update the
+  ** cell in the parent node so that it tightly contains the updated
+  ** node.
+  */
+  if( pNode->iNode!=1 ){
+    RtreeNode *pParent = pNode->pParent;
+    if( (pParent->iNode!=1 || NCELL(pParent)!=1)
+     && (NCELL(pNode)<RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree))
+    ){
+      rc = removeNode(pRtree, pNode, iHeight);
+    }else{
+      fixBoundingBox(pRtree, pNode);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int Reinsert(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeNode *pNode,
+  RtreeCell *pCell,
+  int iHeight
+){
+  int *aOrder;
+  int *aSpare;
+  RtreeCell *aCell;
+  float *aDistance;
+  int nCell;
+  float aCenterCoord[RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS];
+  int iDim;
+  int ii;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  memset(aCenterCoord, 0, sizeof(float)*RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS);
+
+  nCell = NCELL(pNode)+1;
+
+  /* Allocate the buffers used by this operation. The allocation is
+  ** relinquished before this function returns.
+  */
+  aCell = (RtreeCell *)sqlite3_malloc(nCell * (
+    sizeof(RtreeCell) +         /* aCell array */
+    sizeof(int)       +         /* aOrder array */
+    sizeof(int)       +         /* aSpare array */
+    sizeof(float)               /* aDistance array */
+  ));
+  if( !aCell ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  aOrder    = (int *)&aCell[nCell];
+  aSpare    = (int *)&aOrder[nCell];
+  aDistance = (float *)&aSpare[nCell];
+
+  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
+    if( ii==(nCell-1) ){
+      memcpy(&aCell[ii], pCell, sizeof(RtreeCell));
+    }else{
+      nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, ii, &aCell[ii]);
+    }
+    aOrder[ii] = ii;
+    for(iDim=0; iDim<pRtree->nDim; iDim++){
+      aCenterCoord[iDim] += DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2]);
+      aCenterCoord[iDim] += DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2+1]);
+    }
+  }
+  for(iDim=0; iDim<pRtree->nDim; iDim++){
+    aCenterCoord[iDim] = aCenterCoord[iDim]/((float)nCell*2.0);
+  }
+
+  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
+    aDistance[ii] = 0.0;
+    for(iDim=0; iDim<pRtree->nDim; iDim++){
+      float coord = DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2+1]) -
+          DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2]);
+      aDistance[ii] += (coord-aCenterCoord[iDim])*(coord-aCenterCoord[iDim]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  SortByDistance(aOrder, nCell, aDistance, aSpare);
+  nodeZero(pRtree, pNode);
+
+  for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<(nCell-(RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree)+1)); ii++){
+    RtreeCell *p = &aCell[aOrder[ii]];
+    nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pNode, p);
+    if( p->iRowid==pCell->iRowid ){
+      if( iHeight==0 ){
+        rc = rowidWrite(pRtree, p->iRowid, pNode->iNode);
+      }else{
+        rc = parentWrite(pRtree, p->iRowid, pNode->iNode);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    fixBoundingBox(pRtree, pNode);
+  }
+  for(; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<nCell; ii++){
+    /* Find a node to store this cell in. pNode->iNode currently contains
+    ** the height of the sub-tree headed by the cell.
+    */
+    RtreeNode *pInsert;
+    RtreeCell *p = &aCell[aOrder[ii]];
+    rc = ChooseLeaf(pRtree, p, iHeight, &pInsert);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      int rc2;
+      rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pInsert, p, iHeight);
+      rc2 = nodeRelease(pRtree, pInsert);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        rc = rc2;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_free(aCell);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Insert cell pCell into node pNode. Node pNode is the head of a
+** subtree iHeight high (leaf nodes have iHeight==0).
+*/
+static int rtreeInsertCell(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeNode *pNode,
+  RtreeCell *pCell,
+  int iHeight
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( iHeight>0 ){
+    RtreeNode *pChild = nodeHashLookup(pRtree, pCell->iRowid);
+    if( pChild ){
+      nodeRelease(pRtree, pChild->pParent);
+      nodeReference(pNode);
+      pChild->pParent = pNode;
+    }
+  }
+  if( nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pNode, pCell) ){
+#if VARIANT_RSTARTREE_REINSERT
+    if( iHeight<=pRtree->iReinsertHeight || pNode->iNode==1){
+      rc = SplitNode(pRtree, pNode, pCell, iHeight);
+    }else{
+      pRtree->iReinsertHeight = iHeight;
+      rc = Reinsert(pRtree, pNode, pCell, iHeight);
+    }
+#else
+    rc = SplitNode(pRtree, pNode, pCell, iHeight);
+#endif
+  }else{
+    AdjustTree(pRtree, pNode, pCell);
+    if( iHeight==0 ){
+      rc = rowidWrite(pRtree, pCell->iRowid, pNode->iNode);
+    }else{
+      rc = parentWrite(pRtree, pCell->iRowid, pNode->iNode);
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int reinsertNodeContent(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
+  int ii;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int nCell = NCELL(pNode);
+
+  for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<nCell; ii++){
+    RtreeNode *pInsert;
+    RtreeCell cell;
+    nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, ii, &cell);
+
+    /* Find a node to store this cell in. pNode->iNode currently contains
+    ** the height of the sub-tree headed by the cell.
+    */
+    rc = ChooseLeaf(pRtree, &cell, pNode->iNode, &pInsert);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      int rc2;
+      rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pInsert, &cell, pNode->iNode);
+      rc2 = nodeRelease(pRtree, pInsert);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        rc = rc2;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Select a currently unused rowid for a new r-tree record.
+*/
+static int newRowid(Rtree *pRtree, i64 *piRowid){
+  int rc;
+  sqlite3_bind_null(pRtree->pWriteRowid, 1);
+  sqlite3_bind_null(pRtree->pWriteRowid, 2);
+  sqlite3_step(pRtree->pWriteRowid);
+  rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pWriteRowid);
+  *piRowid = sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(pRtree->db);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+static int hashIsEmpty(Rtree *pRtree){
+  int ii;
+  for(ii=0; ii<HASHSIZE; ii++){
+    assert( !pRtree->aHash[ii] );
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+** The xUpdate method for rtree module virtual tables.
+*/
+int rtreeUpdate(
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,
+  int nData,
+  sqlite3_value **azData,
+  sqlite_int64 *pRowid
+){
+  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  rtreeReference(pRtree);
+
+  assert(nData>=1);
+  assert(hashIsEmpty(pRtree));
+
+  /* If azData[0] is not an SQL NULL value, it is the rowid of a
+  ** record to delete from the r-tree table. The following block does
+  ** just that.
+  */
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(azData[0])!=SQLITE_NULL ){
+    i64 iDelete;                /* The rowid to delete */
+    RtreeNode *pLeaf;           /* Leaf node containing record iDelete */
+    int iCell;                  /* Index of iDelete cell in pLeaf */
+    RtreeNode *pRoot;
+
+    /* Obtain a reference to the root node to initialise Rtree.iDepth */
+    rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, 1, 0, &pRoot);
+
+    /* Obtain a reference to the leaf node that contains the entry
+    ** about to be deleted.
+    */
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      iDelete = sqlite3_value_int64(azData[0]);
+      rc = findLeafNode(pRtree, iDelete, &pLeaf);
+    }
+
+    /* Delete the cell in question from the leaf node. */
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      int rc2;
+      iCell = nodeRowidIndex(pRtree, pLeaf, iDelete);
+      rc = deleteCell(pRtree, pLeaf, iCell, 0);
+      rc2 = nodeRelease(pRtree, pLeaf);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        rc = rc2;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Delete the corresponding entry in the <rtree>_rowid table. */
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pDeleteRowid, 1, iDelete);
+      sqlite3_step(pRtree->pDeleteRowid);
+      rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pDeleteRowid);
+    }
+
+    /* Check if the root node now has exactly one child. If so, remove
+    ** it, schedule the contents of the child for reinsertion and
+    ** reduce the tree height by one.
+    **
+    ** This is equivalent to copying the contents of the child into
+    ** the root node (the operation that Gutman's paper says to perform
+    ** in this scenario).
+    */
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pRtree->iDepth>0 ){
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && NCELL(pRoot)==1 ){
+        RtreeNode *pChild;
+        i64 iChild = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pRoot, 0);
+        rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iChild, pRoot, &pChild);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          rc = removeNode(pRtree, pChild, pRtree->iDepth-1);
+        }
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          pRtree->iDepth--;
+          writeInt16(pRoot->zData, pRtree->iDepth);
+          pRoot->isDirty = 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Re-insert the contents of any underfull nodes removed from the tree. */
+    for(pLeaf=pRtree->pDeleted; pLeaf; pLeaf=pRtree->pDeleted){
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        rc = reinsertNodeContent(pRtree, pLeaf);
+      }
+      pRtree->pDeleted = pLeaf->pNext;
+      sqlite3_free(pLeaf);
+    }
+
+    /* Release the reference to the root node. */
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = nodeRelease(pRtree, pRoot);
+    }else{
+      nodeRelease(pRtree, pRoot);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If the azData[] array contains more than one element, elements
+  ** (azData[2]..azData[argc-1]) contain a new record to insert into
+  ** the r-tree structure.
+  */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nData>1 ){
+    /* Insert a new record into the r-tree */
+    RtreeCell cell;
+    int ii;
+    RtreeNode *pLeaf;
+
+    /* Populate the cell.aCoord[] array. The first coordinate is azData[3]. */
+    assert( nData==(pRtree->nDim*2 + 3) );
+    if( pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_REAL32 ){
+      for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
+        cell.aCoord[ii].f = (float)sqlite3_value_double(azData[ii+3]);
+        cell.aCoord[ii+1].f = (float)sqlite3_value_double(azData[ii+4]);
+        if( cell.aCoord[ii].f>cell.aCoord[ii+1].f ){
+          rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+          goto constraint;
+        }
+      }
+    }else{
+      for(ii=0; ii<(pRtree->nDim*2); ii+=2){
+        cell.aCoord[ii].i = sqlite3_value_int(azData[ii+3]);
+        cell.aCoord[ii+1].i = sqlite3_value_int(azData[ii+4]);
+        if( cell.aCoord[ii].i>cell.aCoord[ii+1].i ){
+          rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+          goto constraint;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Figure out the rowid of the new row. */
+    if( sqlite3_value_type(azData[2])==SQLITE_NULL ){
+      rc = newRowid(pRtree, &cell.iRowid);
+    }else{
+      cell.iRowid = sqlite3_value_int64(azData[2]);
+      sqlite3_bind_int64(pRtree->pReadRowid, 1, cell.iRowid);
+      if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pRtree->pReadRowid) ){
+        sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadRowid);
+        rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+        goto constraint;
+      }
+      rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadRowid);
+    }
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = ChooseLeaf(pRtree, &cell, 0, &pLeaf);
+    }
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      int rc2;
+      pRtree->iReinsertHeight = -1;
+      rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pLeaf, &cell, 0);
+      rc2 = nodeRelease(pRtree, pLeaf);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        rc = rc2;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+constraint:
+  rtreeRelease(pRtree);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** The xRename method for rtree module virtual tables.
+*/
+static int rtreeRename(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNewName){
+  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+    "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_node'   RENAME TO \"%w_node\";"
+    "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_parent' RENAME TO \"%w_parent\";"
+    "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_rowid'  RENAME TO \"%w_rowid\";"
+    , pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, zNewName
+    , pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, zNewName
+    , pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, zNewName
+  );
+  if( zSql ){
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(pRtree->db, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static sqlite3_module rtreeModule = {
+  0,                         /* iVersion */
+  rtreeCreate,                /* xCreate - create a table */
+  rtreeConnect,               /* xConnect - connect to an existing table */
+  rtreeBestIndex,             /* xBestIndex - Determine search strategy */
+  rtreeDisconnect,            /* xDisconnect - Disconnect from a table */
+  rtreeDestroy,               /* xDestroy - Drop a table */
+  rtreeOpen,                  /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+  rtreeClose,                 /* xClose - close a cursor */
+  rtreeFilter,                /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+  rtreeNext,                  /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+  rtreeEof,                   /* xEof */
+  rtreeColumn,                /* xColumn - read data */
+  rtreeRowid,                 /* xRowid - read data */
+  rtreeUpdate,                /* xUpdate - write data */
+  0,                          /* xBegin - begin transaction */
+  0,                          /* xSync - sync transaction */
+  0,                          /* xCommit - commit transaction */
+  0,                          /* xRollback - rollback transaction */
+  0,                          /* xFindFunction - function overloading */
+  rtreeRename                 /* xRename - rename the table */
+};
+
+static int rtreeSqlInit(
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zDb,
+  const char *zPrefix,
+  int isCreate
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  #define N_STATEMENT 9
+  static const char *azSql[N_STATEMENT] = {
+    /* Read and write the xxx_node table */
+    "SELECT data FROM '%q'.'%q_node' WHERE nodeno = :1",
+    "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO '%q'.'%q_node' VALUES(:1, :2)",
+    "DELETE FROM '%q'.'%q_node' WHERE nodeno = :1",
+
+    /* Read and write the xxx_rowid table */
+    "SELECT nodeno FROM '%q'.'%q_rowid' WHERE rowid = :1",
+    "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO '%q'.'%q_rowid' VALUES(:1, :2)",
+    "DELETE FROM '%q'.'%q_rowid' WHERE rowid = :1",
+
+    /* Read and write the xxx_parent table */
+    "SELECT parentnode FROM '%q'.'%q_parent' WHERE nodeno = :1",
+    "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO '%q'.'%q_parent' VALUES(:1, :2)",
+    "DELETE FROM '%q'.'%q_parent' WHERE nodeno = :1"
+  };
+  sqlite3_stmt **appStmt[N_STATEMENT];
+  int i;
+
+  pRtree->db = db;
+
+  if( isCreate ){
+    char *zCreate = sqlite3_mprintf(
+"CREATE TABLE \"%w\".\"%w_node\"(nodeno INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, data BLOB);"
+"CREATE TABLE \"%w\".\"%w_rowid\"(rowid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, nodeno INTEGER);"
+"CREATE TABLE \"%w\".\"%w_parent\"(nodeno INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, parentnode INTEGER);"
+"INSERT INTO '%q'.'%q_node' VALUES(1, zeroblob(%d))",
+      zDb, zPrefix, zDb, zPrefix, zDb, zPrefix, zDb, zPrefix, pRtree->iNodeSize
+    );
+    if( !zCreate ){
+      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zCreate, 0, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_free(zCreate);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      return rc;
+    }
+  }
+
+  appStmt[0] = &pRtree->pReadNode;
+  appStmt[1] = &pRtree->pWriteNode;
+  appStmt[2] = &pRtree->pDeleteNode;
+  appStmt[3] = &pRtree->pReadRowid;
+  appStmt[4] = &pRtree->pWriteRowid;
+  appStmt[5] = &pRtree->pDeleteRowid;
+  appStmt[6] = &pRtree->pReadParent;
+  appStmt[7] = &pRtree->pWriteParent;
+  appStmt[8] = &pRtree->pDeleteParent;
+
+  for(i=0; i<N_STATEMENT && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
+    char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[i], zDb, zPrefix);
+    if( zSql ){
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, appStmt[i], 0);
+    }else{
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This routine queries database handle db for the page-size used by
+** database zDb. If successful, the page-size in bytes is written to
+** *piPageSize and SQLITE_OK returned. Otherwise, and an SQLite error
+** code is returned.
+*/
+static int getPageSize(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb, int *piPageSize){
+  int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  char *zSql;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+
+  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA %Q.page_size", zDb);
+  if( !zSql ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+  sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    return rc;
+  }
+
+  if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
+    *piPageSize = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
+  }
+  return sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is the implementation of both the xConnect and xCreate
+** methods of the r-tree virtual table.
+**
+**   argv[0]   -> module name
+**   argv[1]   -> database name
+**   argv[2]   -> table name
+**   argv[...] -> column names...
+*/
+static int rtreeInit(
+  sqlite3 *db,                        /* Database connection */
+  void *pAux,                         /* Pointer to head of rtree list */
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,   /* Parameters to CREATE TABLE statement */
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,              /* OUT: New virtual table */
+  char **pzErr,                       /* OUT: Error message, if any */
+  int isCreate,                       /* True for xCreate, false for xConnect */
+  int eCoordType                      /* One of the RTREE_COORD_* constants */
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int iPageSize = 0;
+  Rtree *pRtree;
+  int nDb;              /* Length of string argv[1] */
+  int nName;            /* Length of string argv[2] */
+
+  const char *aErrMsg[] = {
+    0,                                                    /* 0 */
+    "Wrong number of columns for an rtree table",         /* 1 */
+    "Too few columns for an rtree table",                 /* 2 */
+    "Too many columns for an rtree table"                 /* 3 */
+  };
+
+  int iErr = (argc<6) ? 2 : argc>(RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS*2+4) ? 3 : argc%2;
+  if( aErrMsg[iErr] ){
+    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", aErrMsg[iErr]);
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  rc = getPageSize(db, argv[1], &iPageSize);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    return rc;
+  }
+
+  /* Allocate the sqlite3_vtab structure */
+  nDb = strlen(argv[1]);
+  nName = strlen(argv[2]);
+  pRtree = (Rtree *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName+2);
+  if( !pRtree ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  memset(pRtree, 0, sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName+2);
+  pRtree->nBusy = 1;
+  pRtree->base.pModule = &rtreeModule;
+  pRtree->zDb = (char *)&pRtree[1];
+  pRtree->zName = &pRtree->zDb[nDb+1];
+  pRtree->nDim = (argc-4)/2;
+  pRtree->nBytesPerCell = 8 + pRtree->nDim*4*2;
+  pRtree->eCoordType = eCoordType;
+  memcpy(pRtree->zDb, argv[1], nDb);
+  memcpy(pRtree->zName, argv[2], nName);
+
+  /* Figure out the node size to use. By default, use 64 bytes less than
+  ** the database page-size. This ensures that each node is stored on
+  ** a single database page.
+  **
+  ** If the databasd page-size is so large that more than RTREE_MAXCELLS
+  ** entries would fit in a single node, use a smaller node-size.
+  */
+  pRtree->iNodeSize = iPageSize-64;
+  if( (4+pRtree->nBytesPerCell*RTREE_MAXCELLS)<pRtree->iNodeSize ){
+    pRtree->iNodeSize = 4+pRtree->nBytesPerCell*RTREE_MAXCELLS;
+  }
+
+  /* Create/Connect to the underlying relational database schema. If
+  ** that is successful, call sqlite3_declare_vtab() to configure
+  ** the r-tree table schema.
+  */
+  if( (rc = rtreeSqlInit(pRtree, db, argv[1], argv[2], isCreate)) ){
+    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+  }else{
+    char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("CREATE TABLE x(%s", argv[3]);
+    char *zTmp;
+    int ii;
+    for(ii=4; zSql && ii<argc; ii++){
+      zTmp = zSql;
+      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("%s, %s", zTmp, argv[ii]);
+      sqlite3_free(zTmp);
+    }
+    if( zSql ){
+      zTmp = zSql;
+      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("%s);", zTmp);
+      sqlite3_free(zTmp);
+    }
+    if( !zSql || sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, zSql) ){
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab *)pRtree;
+  }else{
+    rtreeRelease(pRtree);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Implementation of a scalar function that decodes r-tree nodes to
+** human readable strings. This can be used for debugging and analysis.
+**
+** The scalar function takes two arguments, a blob of data containing
+** an r-tree node, and the number of dimensions the r-tree indexes.
+** For a two-dimensional r-tree structure called "rt", to deserialize
+** all nodes, a statement like:
+**
+**   SELECT rtreenode(2, data) FROM rt_node;
+**
+** The human readable string takes the form of a Tcl list with one
+** entry for each cell in the r-tree node. Each entry is itself a
+** list, containing the 8-byte rowid/pageno followed by the
+** <num-dimension>*2 coordinates.
+*/
+static void rtreenode(sqlite3_context *ctx, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
+  char *zText = 0;
+  RtreeNode node;
+  Rtree tree;
+  int ii;
+
+  memset(&node, 0, sizeof(RtreeNode));
+  memset(&tree, 0, sizeof(Rtree));
+  tree.nDim = sqlite3_value_int(apArg[0]);
+  tree.nBytesPerCell = 8 + 8 * tree.nDim;
+  node.zData = (u8 *)sqlite3_value_blob(apArg[1]);
+
+  for(ii=0; ii<NCELL(&node); ii++){
+    char zCell[512];
+    int nCell = 0;
+    RtreeCell cell;
+    int jj;
+
+    nodeGetCell(&tree, &node, ii, &cell);
+    sqlite3_snprintf(512-nCell,&zCell[nCell],"%d", cell.iRowid);
+    nCell = strlen(zCell);
+    for(jj=0; jj<tree.nDim*2; jj++){
+      sqlite3_snprintf(512-nCell,&zCell[nCell]," %f",(double)cell.aCoord[jj].f);
+      nCell = strlen(zCell);
+    }
+
+    if( zText ){
+      char *zTextNew = sqlite3_mprintf("%s {%s}", zText, zCell);
+      sqlite3_free(zText);
+      zText = zTextNew;
+    }else{
+      zText = sqlite3_mprintf("{%s}", zCell);
+    }
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_result_text(ctx, zText, -1, sqlite3_free);
+}
+
+static void rtreedepth(sqlite3_context *ctx, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(apArg[0])!=SQLITE_BLOB
+   || sqlite3_value_bytes(apArg[0])<2
+  ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "Invalid argument to rtreedepth()", -1);
+  }else{
+    u8 *zBlob = (u8 *)sqlite3_value_blob(apArg[0]);
+    sqlite3_result_int(ctx, readInt16(zBlob));
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Register the r-tree module with database handle db. This creates the
+** virtual table module "rtree" and the debugging/analysis scalar
+** function "rtreenode".
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RtreeInit(sqlite3 *db){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    int utf8 = SQLITE_UTF8;
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "rtreenode", 2, utf8, 0, rtreenode, 0, 0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    int utf8 = SQLITE_UTF8;
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "rtreedepth", 1, utf8, 0,rtreedepth, 0, 0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    void *c = (void *)RTREE_COORD_REAL32;
+    rc = sqlite3_create_module_v2(db, "rtree", &rtreeModule, c, 0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    void *c = (void *)RTREE_COORD_INT32;
+    rc = sqlite3_create_module_v2(db, "rtree_i32", &rtreeModule, c, 0);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+#if !SQLITE_CORE
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extension_init(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  char **pzErrMsg,
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi)
+  return sqlite3RtreeInit(db);
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+/************** End of rtree.c ***********************************************/

Modified src/sqlite3.h from [2a86e66855] to [5d2ec559ff].

@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@
 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
 ** part of the build process.
 **
-** @(#) $Id: sqlite.h.in,v 1.312 2008/05/12 12:39:56 drh Exp $
+** @(#) $Id: sqlite.h.in,v 1.371 2008/07/14 18:38:17 drh Exp $
 */
 #ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
 #define _SQLITE3_H_
 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
 
@@ -50,12 +50,11 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Make sure these symbols where not defined by some previous header
-** file.
+** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
 #endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
@@ -70,33 +69,32 @@
 ** that header file is associated.
 **
 ** The "version" of SQLite is a string of the form "X.Y.Z".
 ** The phrase "alpha" or "beta" might be appended after the Z.
 ** The X value is major version number always 3 in SQLite3.
-** The X value only changes when  backwards compatibility is
-** broken and we intend to never break
-** backwards compatibility.  The Y value is the minor version
-** number and only changes when
+** The X value only changes when backwards compatibility is
+** broken and we intend to never break backwards compatibility.
+** The Y value is the minor version number and only changes when
 ** there are major feature enhancements that are forwards compatible
-** but not backwards compatible.  The Z value is release number
-** and is incremented with
-** each release but resets back to 0 when Y is incremented.
+** but not backwards compatible.
+** The Z value is the release number and is incremented with
+** each release but resets back to 0 whenever Y is incremented.
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()] and [sqlite3_libversion_number()].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F10011} The SQLITE_VERSION #define in the sqlite3.h header file
-**          evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version
+** {F10011} The SQLITE_VERSION #define in the sqlite3.h header file shall
+**          evaluate to a string literal that is the SQLite version
 **          with which the header file is associated.
 **
-** {F10014} The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER #define resolves to an integer
-**          with the value  (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and
-**          Z are the major version, minor version, and release number.
-*/
-#define SQLITE_VERSION         "3.5.9"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER  3005009
+** {F10014} The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER #define shall resolve to an integer
+**          with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z
+**          are the major version, minor version, and release number.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_VERSION         "3.6.0"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER  3006000
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers {F10020}
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version
 **
@@ -112,17 +110,17 @@
 ** for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have direct access to string
 ** constants within the DLL.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F10021} The [sqlite3_libversion_number()] interface returns an integer
-**          equal to [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].
-**
-** {F10022} The [sqlite3_version] string constant contains the text of the
-**          [SQLITE_VERSION] string.
-**
-** {F10023} The [sqlite3_libversion()] function returns
+** {F10021} The [sqlite3_libversion_number()] interface shall return
+**          an integer equal to [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].
+**
+** {F10022} The [sqlite3_version] string constant shall contain
+**          the text of the [SQLITE_VERSION] string.
+**
+** {F10023} The [sqlite3_libversion()] function shall return
 **          a pointer to the [sqlite3_version] string constant.
 */
 SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
 const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
 int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
@@ -129,65 +127,81 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe {F10100}
 **
 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
-** the SQLITE_THREADSAFE C preprocessor macro is true, mutexes
+** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is true, mutexes
 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When that macro is false,
 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
-** to use SQLite from more than one thread.
-**
-** There is a measurable performance penalty for enabling mutexes.
+** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
+**
+** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
 ** The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
 **
 ** This interface can be used by a program to make sure that the
 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
-** the desired setting of the SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F10101} The [sqlite3_threadsafe()] function returns nonzero if
-**          SQLite was compiled with its mutexes enabled or zero
-**          if SQLite was compiled with mutexes disabled.
+** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
+**
+** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
+** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
+** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 then mutexes are enabled by default but
+** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
+** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
+** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  The return value of this function shows
+** only the default compile-time setting, not any run-time changes
+** to that setting.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F10101} The [sqlite3_threadsafe()] function shall return nonzero if
+**          SQLite was compiled with the its mutexes enabled by default
+**          or zero if SQLite was compiled such that mutexes are
+**          permanently disabled.
+**
+** {F10102} The value returned by the [sqlite3_threadsafe()] function
+**          shall not change when mutex setting are modified at
+**          runtime using the [sqlite3_config()] interface and
+**          especially the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD],
+**          [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED],
+**          and [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] verbs.
 */
 int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle {F12000}
 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
 **
-** Each open SQLite database is represented by pointer to an instance of the
-** opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
+** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
+** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
-** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors
-** and [sqlite3_close()] is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces
-** (such as [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
-** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on this
-** object.
-*/
-typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
-
+** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
+** is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces (such as
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
+** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
+** sqlite3 object.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types {F10200}
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
 **
 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
 **
-** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type
-** definitions.  The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are
-** supported for backwards compatibility only.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F10201} The [sqlite_int64] and [sqlite3_int64] types specify a
-**          64-bit signed integer.
-**
-** {F10202} The [sqlite_uint64] and [sqlite3_uint64] types specify
+** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
+** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
+** compatibility only.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F10201} The [sqlite_int64] and [sqlite3_int64] type shall specify
+**          a 64-bit signed integer.
+**
+** {F10202} The [sqlite_uint64] and [sqlite3_uint64] type shall specify
 **          a 64-bit unsigned integer.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
   typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
@@ -201,11 +215,11 @@
 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
 
 /*
 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
-** substitute integer for floating-point
+** substitute integer for floating-point.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
 # define double sqlite3_int64
 #endif
 
@@ -212,43 +226,55 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection {F12010}
 **
 ** This routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
 **
-** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
-** [prepared statements] and
-** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [sqlite3_blob | BLOBs]
-** associated with the [sqlite3] object prior
-** to attempting to close the [sqlite3] object.
-**
-** <todo>What happens to pending transactions?  Are they
-** rolled back, or abandoned?</todo>
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F12011} The [sqlite3_close()] interface destroys an [sqlite3] object
-**          allocated by a prior call to [sqlite3_open()],
-**          [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
-**
-** {F12012} The [sqlite3_close()] function releases all memory used by the
-**          connection and closes all open files.
-**
-** {F12013} If the database connection contains
-**          [prepared statements] that have not been
-**          finalized by [sqlite3_finalize()], then [sqlite3_close()]
-**          returns [SQLITE_BUSY] and leaves the connection open.
-**
-** {F12014} Giving sqlite3_close() a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
+** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
+** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
+** the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
+** The [sqlite3_next_stmt()] interface can be used to locate all
+** [prepared statements] associated with a [database connection] if desired.
+** Typical code might look like this:
+**
+** <blockquote><pre>
+** sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
+** while( (pStmt = sqlite3_next_stmt(db, 0))!=0 ){
+** &nbsp;   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+** }
+** </pre></blockquote>
+**
+** If [sqlite3_close()] is invoked while a transaction is open,
+** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F12011} A successful call to [sqlite3_close(C)] shall destroy the
+**          [database connection] object C.
+**
+** {F12012} A successful call to [sqlite3_close(C)] shall return SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** {F12013} A successful call to [sqlite3_close(C)] shall release all
+**          memory and system resources associated with [database connection]
+**          C.
+**
+** {F12014} A call to [sqlite3_close(C)] on a [database connection] C that
+**          has one or more open [prepared statements] shall fail with
+**          an [SQLITE_BUSY] error code.
+**
+** {F12015} A call to [sqlite3_close(C)] where C is a NULL pointer shall
+**          return SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** {F12019} When [sqlite3_close(C)] is invoked on a [database connection] C
+**          that has a pending transaction, the transaction shall be
+**          rolled back.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12015} The parameter to [sqlite3_close()] must be an [sqlite3] object
-**          pointer previously obtained from [sqlite3_open()] or the
-**          equivalent, or NULL.
-**
-** {U12016} The parameter to [sqlite3_close()] must not have been previously
-**          closed.
+** {A12016} The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] must be either a NULL
+**          pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer previously obtained
+**          from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
+**          [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
 */
 int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
 
 /*
 ** The type for a callback function.
@@ -258,116 +284,130 @@
 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface {F12100}
 **
-** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenient way of running
-** one or more SQL statements without a lot of C code.  The
-** SQL statements are passed in as the second parameter to
-** sqlite3_exec().  The statements are evaluated one by one
-** until either an error or an interrupt is encountered or
-** until they are all done.  The 3rd parameter is an optional
-** callback that is invoked once for each row of any query results
-** produced by the SQL statements.  The 5th parameter tells where
+** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenient way of running one or more
+** SQL statements without having to write a lot of C code.  The UTF-8 encoded
+** SQL statements are passed in as the second parameter to sqlite3_exec().
+** The statements are evaluated one by one until either an error or
+** an interrupt is encountered, or until they are all done.  The 3rd parameter
+** is an optional callback that is invoked once for each row of any query
+** results produced by the SQL statements.  The 5th parameter tells where
 ** to write any error messages.
+**
+** The error message passed back through the 5th parameter is held
+** in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  To avoid a memory leak,
+** the calling application should call [sqlite3_free()] on any error
+** message returned through the 5th parameter when it has finished using
+** the error message.
+**
+** If the SQL statement in the 2nd parameter is NULL or an empty string
+** or a string containing only whitespace and comments, then no SQL
+** statements are evaluated and the database is not changed.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is implemented in terms of
 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()].
-** The sqlite3_exec() routine does nothing that cannot be done
+** The sqlite3_exec() routine does nothing to the database that cannot be done
 ** by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()].
-** The sqlite3_exec() is just a convenient wrapper.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F12101} The [sqlite3_exec()] interface evaluates zero or more UTF-8
-**          encoded, semicolon-separated, SQL statements in the
-**          zero-terminated string of its 2nd parameter within the
-**          context of the [sqlite3] object given in the 1st parameter.
-**
-** {F12104} The return value of [sqlite3_exec()] is SQLITE_OK if all
-**          SQL statements run successfully.
-**
-** {F12105} The return value of [sqlite3_exec()] is an appropriate
-**          non-zero error code if any SQL statement fails.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F12101} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_exec(D,S,C,A,E)]
+**          shall sequentially evaluate all of the UTF-8 encoded,
+**          semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated
+**          string S within the context of the [database connection] D.
+**
+** {F12102} If the S parameter to [sqlite3_exec(D,S,C,A,E)] is NULL then
+**          the actions of the interface shall be the same as if the
+**          S parameter were an empty string.
+**
+** {F12104} The return value of [sqlite3_exec()] shall be [SQLITE_OK] if all
+**          SQL statements run successfully and to completion.
+**
+** {F12105} The return value of [sqlite3_exec()] shall be an appropriate
+**          non-zero [error code] if any SQL statement fails.
 **
 ** {F12107} If one or more of the SQL statements handed to [sqlite3_exec()]
 **          return results and the 3rd parameter is not NULL, then
-**          the callback function specified by the 3rd parameter is
+**          the callback function specified by the 3rd parameter shall be
 **          invoked once for each row of result.
 **
 ** {F12110} If the callback returns a non-zero value then [sqlite3_exec()]
-**          will aborted the SQL statement it is currently evaluating,
+**          shall abort the SQL statement it is currently evaluating,
 **          skip all subsequent SQL statements, and return [SQLITE_ABORT].
-**          <todo>What happens to *errmsg here?  Does the result code for
-**          sqlite3_errcode() get set?</todo>
-**
-** {F12113} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine will pass its 4th parameter through
+**
+** {F12113} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine shall pass its 4th parameter through
 **          as the 1st parameter of the callback.
 **
-** {F12116} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine sets the 2nd parameter of its
+** {F12116} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine shall set the 2nd parameter of its
 **          callback to be the number of columns in the current row of
 **          result.
 **
-** {F12119} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine sets the 3rd parameter of its
+** {F12119} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine shall set the 3rd parameter of its
 **          callback to be an array of pointers to strings holding the
 **          values for each column in the current result set row as
 **          obtained from [sqlite3_column_text()].
 **
-** {F12122} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine sets the 4th parameter of its
+** {F12122} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine shall set the 4th parameter of its
 **          callback to be an array of pointers to strings holding the
 **          names of result columns as obtained from [sqlite3_column_name()].
 **
 ** {F12125} If the 3rd parameter to [sqlite3_exec()] is NULL then
-**          [sqlite3_exec()] never invokes a callback.  All query
-**          results are silently discarded.
-**
-** {F12128} If an error occurs while parsing or evaluating any of the SQL
-**          statements handed to [sqlite3_exec()] then [sqlite3_exec()] will
-**          return an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
+**          [sqlite3_exec()] shall silently discard query results.
 **
 ** {F12131} If an error occurs while parsing or evaluating any of the SQL
-**          handed to [sqlite3_exec()] and if the 5th parameter (errmsg)
-**          to [sqlite3_exec()] is not NULL, then an error message is
-**          allocated using the equivalent of [sqlite3_mprintf()] and
-**          *errmsg is made to point to that message.
-**
-** {F12134} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine does not change the value of
-**          *errmsg if errmsg is NULL or if there are no errors.
-**
-** {F12137} The [sqlite3_exec()] function sets the error code and message
-**          accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and
-**          [sqlite3_errmsg16()].
+**          statements in the S parameter of [sqlite3_exec(D,S,C,A,E)] and if
+**          the E parameter is not NULL, then [sqlite3_exec()] shall store
+**          in *E an appropriate error message written into memory obtained
+**          from [sqlite3_malloc()].
+**
+** {F12134} The [sqlite3_exec(D,S,C,A,E)] routine shall set the value of
+**          *E to NULL if E is not NULL and there are no errors.
+**
+** {F12137} The [sqlite3_exec(D,S,C,A,E)] function shall set the [error code]
+**          and message accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()],
+**          [sqlite3_errmsg()], and [sqlite3_errmsg16()].
+**
+** {F12138} If the S parameter to [sqlite3_exec(D,S,C,A,E)] is NULL or an
+**          empty string or contains nothing other than whitespace, comments,
+**          and/or semicolons, then results of [sqlite3_errcode()],
+**          [sqlite3_errmsg()], and [sqlite3_errmsg16()]
+**          shall reset to indicate no errors.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12141} The first parameter to [sqlite3_exec()] must be an valid and open
+** {A12141} The first parameter to [sqlite3_exec()] must be an valid and open
 **          [database connection].
 **
-** {U12142} The database connection must not be closed while
+** {A12142} The database connection must not be closed while
 **          [sqlite3_exec()] is running.
 **
-** {U12143} The calling function is should use [sqlite3_free()] to free
+** {A12143} The calling function should use [sqlite3_free()] to free
 **          the memory that *errmsg is left pointing at once the error
 **          message is no longer needed.
 **
-** {U12145} The SQL statement text in the 2nd parameter to [sqlite3_exec()]
+** {A12145} The SQL statement text in the 2nd parameter to [sqlite3_exec()]
 **          must remain unchanged while [sqlite3_exec()] is running.
 */
 int sqlite3_exec(
   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
-  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluted */
+  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
 );
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes {F10210}
 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
+** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
 **
 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
 ** here in order to indicates success or failure.
+**
+** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
 **
 ** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes]
 */
 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
@@ -402,21 +442,21 @@
 /* end-of-error-codes */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes {F10220}
 ** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
-** KEYWORDS: {extended result codes}
+** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
 **
 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
-** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that
-** many of these result codes are too course-grained.  They do not provide as
+** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
+** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
 ** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
-** for each database connection using the [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()]
-** API.
+** on a per database connection basis using the
+** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
 **
 ** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
 ** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
 ** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
 ** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
@@ -424,33 +464,35 @@
 ** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
 ** be exactly zero.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F10223} The symbolic name for an extended result code always contains
+** {F10223} The symbolic name for an extended result code shall contains
 **          a related primary result code as a prefix.
 **
-** {F10224} Primary result code names contain a single "_" character.
-**
-** {F10225} Extended result code names contain two or more "_" characters.
-**
-** {F10226} The numeric value of an extended result code contains the
+** {F10224} Primary result code names shall contain a single "_" character.
+**
+** {F10225} Extended result code names shall contain two or more "_" characters.
+**
+** {F10226} The numeric value of an extended result code shall contain the
 **          numeric value of its corresponding primary result code in
 **          its least significant 8 bits.
 */
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ          (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ    (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE      (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT         (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK        (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK        (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE        (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED       (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
-#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM         (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations {F10230}
 **
 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
@@ -468,10 +510,11 @@
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics {F10240}
 **
 ** The xDeviceCapabilities method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
@@ -531,11 +574,10 @@
 */
 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
 
-
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle {F11110}
 **
 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the OS
 ** interface layer.  Individual OS interface implementations will
@@ -550,20 +592,21 @@
 };
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object {F11120}
 **
-** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs] xOpen method contains a pointer to
-** an instance of this object.  This object defines the
-** methods used to perform various operations against the open file.
+** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs] xOpen method populates an
+** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
+** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
+** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
+** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
 **
 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
-*  The second choice is an
-** OS-X style fullsync.  The SQLITE_SYNC_DATA flag may be ORed in to
-** indicate that only the data of the file and not its inode needs to be
-** synced.
+** The second choice is a Mac OS-X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
+** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
+** and not its inode needs to be synced.
 **
 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
 ** <ul>
 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
@@ -570,27 +613,25 @@
 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
 ** </ul>
 ** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
-** The xCheckReservedLock() method looks
-** to see if any database connection, either in this
-** process or in some other process, is holding an RESERVED,
+** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
+** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
-** if such a lock exists and false if not.
+** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
 **
 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
-** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument
-** is an integer opcode.   The third
-** argument is a generic pointer which is intended to be a pointer
-** to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
+** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
+** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
+** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
-** core reserves opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
+** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
 ** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.
 **
 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
@@ -634,11 +675,11 @@
   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
-  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*);
+  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
 };
@@ -645,11 +686,11 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes {F11310}
 **
 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
-** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and to the [sqlite3_file_control()]
+** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
 ** interface.
 **
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
@@ -673,27 +714,31 @@
 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object {F11140}
 **
-** An instance of this object defines the interface between the
-** SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
+** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
+** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".
 **
-** The iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger for future
-** versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
-** object when the iVersion value is increased.
+** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
+** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
+** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
+** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
+** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
+** modified.
 **
 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
 ** a pathname in this VFS.
 **
 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
-** searches the list.
+** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
+** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
 **
 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
@@ -700,23 +745,28 @@
 ** object once the object has been registered.
 **
 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
 **
-** {F11141} SQLite will guarantee that the zFilename string passed to
-** xOpen() is a full pathname as generated by xFullPathname() and
-** that the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
-** called.  {END} So the [sqlite3_file] can store a pointer to the
+** {F11141} SQLite will guarantee that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
+** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
+** from xFullPathname().  SQLite further guarantees that
+** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
+** called. {END}  Becasue of the previous sentense,
+** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
+** If the zFilename parameter is xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
+** must invite its own temporary name for the file.  Whenever the
+** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
+** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
 **
 ** {F11142} The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]. {END}
 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
-** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be
-** set.
+** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
 **
 ** {F11143} SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
 **
 ** <ul>
@@ -728,63 +778,60 @@
 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
 ** </ul> {END}
 **
 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
-** changes the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
+** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
 **
-** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen
-** method:
+** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
 **
 ** <ul>
 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** {F11145} The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
 ** deleted when it is closed.  {F11146} The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
 ** will be set for TEMP  databases, journals and for subjournals.
+**
 ** {F11147} The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag means the file should be opened
 ** for exclusive access.  This flag is set for all files except
-** for the main database file. {END}
+** for the main database file.
 **
 ** {F11148} At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
 ** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
-** argument to xOpen.  {END}  The xOpen method does not have to
+** argument to xOpen. {END}  The xOpen method does not have to
 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.
 **
 ** {F11149} The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
-** to test for the existance of a file,
-** or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to test to see
-** if a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
-** to test to see if a file is at least readable.  {END} The file can be a
+** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
+** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
+** to test whether a file is at least readable. {END}  The file can be a
 ** directory.
 **
-** {F11150} SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for
-** the output buffers for xGetTempname and xFullPathname. {F11151} The exact
-** size of the output buffer is also passed as a parameter to both
-** methods. {END} If the output buffer is not large enough, SQLITE_CANTOPEN
-** should be returned. As this is handled as a fatal error by SQLite,
-** vfs implementations should endeavor to prevent this by setting
-** mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
+** {F11150} SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
+** output buffer xFullPathname. {F11151} The exact size of the output buffer
+** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. {END}  If the output buffer
+** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
+** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
+** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
 **
 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), and xCurrentTime() interfaces
 ** are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
-** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.  The
-** xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
+** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
+** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
 ** least the number of microseconds given.  The xCurrentTime()
-** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and
-** time.
+** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time.
 */
 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
 struct sqlite3_vfs {
   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number */
   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
@@ -793,59 +840,331 @@
   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
-  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags);
-  int (*xGetTempname)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nOut, char *zOut);
+  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
   void *(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol);
   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
+  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
   /* New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
   ** value will increment whenever this happens. */
 };
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method {F11190}
 **
 ** {F11191} These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object. {END}  They determine
-** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is
-** looking for.  {F11192} With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
-** simply checks to see if the file exists. {F11193} With
-** SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method checks to see
-** if the file is both readable and writable.  {F11194} With
-** SQLITE_ACCESS_READ the xAccess method
-** checks to see if the file is readable.
+** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
+** {F11192} With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
+** simply checks whether the file exists.
+** {F11193} With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
+** checks whether the file is both readable and writable.
+** {F11194} With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
+** checks whether the file is readable.
 */
 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1
 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2
 
 /*
+** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library {F10130}
+**
+** The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
+** SQLite library.  The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
+** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
+**
+** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
+** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
+** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
+** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  Only an effective call
+** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
+** are harmless no-ops.
+**
+** Among other things, sqlite3_initialize() shall invoke
+** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, sqlite3_shutdown()
+** shall invoke sqlite3_os_end().
+**
+** The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success.
+** If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
+** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
+** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
+** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
+** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
+** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
+** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
+** already.  However, if SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
+** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
+** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
+** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
+** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
+** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
+** when SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT might become the
+** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
+**
+** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
+** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
+** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
+** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
+** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
+** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
+** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
+**
+** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
+** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
+** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
+** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
+** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
+** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
+** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for unix, windows, or os/2.
+** When built for other platforms (using the SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1 compile-time
+** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
+** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
+** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
+** must return SQLITE_OK on success and some other [error code] upon
+** failure.
+*/
+int sqlite3_initialize(void);
+int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
+int sqlite3_os_init(void);
+int sqlite3_os_end(void);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library {F10145}
+**
+** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
+** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
+** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
+** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
+** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
+**
+** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
+** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
+** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
+** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
+** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
+** Note, however, that sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
+** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
+**
+** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option] that determines
+** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
+** vary depending on the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option]
+** in the first argument.
+**
+** When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns SQLITE_OK.
+** If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
+** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
+*/
+int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines {F10155}
+**
+** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
+** and low-level memory allocation routines.
+**
+** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
+** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
+** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  By creating an instance of this object
+** and passing it to [sqlite3_config()] during configuration, an
+** application can specify an alternative memory allocation subsystem
+** for SQLite to use for all of its dynamic memory needs.
+**
+** Note that SQLite comes with a built-in memory allocator that is
+** perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
+** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
+** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
+** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
+** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
+** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
+** conditions.
+**
+** The xMalloc, xFree, and xRealloc methods must work like the
+** malloc(), free(), and realloc() functions from the standard library.
+**
+** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
+** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
+** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
+**
+** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
+** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
+** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
+** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
+**
+** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
+** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
+** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
+** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
+** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
+** xInit and xShutdown.
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
+struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
+  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
+  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
+  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
+  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
+  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
+  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
+  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
+  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options {F10160}
+**
+** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
+** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
+** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  This option disables
+** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
+** by a single thread.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
+** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  This option disables
+** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
+** The application is responsible for serializing access to
+** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
+** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
+** environment.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
+** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  This option enables
+** all mutexes including the recursive
+** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
+** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
+** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
+** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
+** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
+** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
+**
+** <p>This configuration option merely sets the default mutex
+** behavior to serialize access to [database connections].  Individual
+** [database connections] can override this setting
+** using the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag to [sqlite3_open_v2()].</p></dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
+** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
+** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
+** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
+** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
+** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
+** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
+** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.
+** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
+** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
+** tracks memory usage, for example.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
+** <dd>This option takes single boolean argument which enables or disables
+** the collection of memory allocation statistics.  When disabled, the
+** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
+**   <ul>
+**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
+**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
+**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit()]
+**   <li> sqlite3_memory_status()
+**   </ul>
+** </dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
+** <dd>This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
+** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer to the memory, the
+** size of each scratch buffer (sz), and the number of buffers (N).  The sz
+** argument must be a multiple of 16. The first
+** argument should point to an allocation of at least (sz+4)*N bytes of memory.
+** SQLite will use no more than one scratch buffer at once per thread, so
+** N should be set to the expected maximum number of threads.  The sz
+** parameter should be 6 times the size of the largest database page size.
+** Scratch buffers are used as part of the btree balance operation.  If
+** The btree balancer needs additional memory beyond what is provided by
+** scratch buffers or if no scratch buffer space is specified, then SQLite
+** goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] to obtain the memory it needs.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
+** <dd>This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
+** the database page cache.  There are three arguments: A pointer to the
+** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
+** The sz argument must be a power of two between 512 and 32768.  The first
+** argument should point to an allocation of at least (sz+4)*N bytes of memory.
+** SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
+** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  If additional
+** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
+** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
+** <dd>This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
+** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
+** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
+** There are three arguments: A pointer to the memory, the number of
+** bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.  If
+** the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
+** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
+** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  If the
+** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
+** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
+** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
+** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
+** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
+** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
+** the mutex routines built into SQLite.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
+** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
+** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
+** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
+** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.
+** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
+** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
+** profiling or testing, for example.</dd>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
+
+
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes {F12200}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
-** [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes] feature of SQLite.
-** The extended result codes are disabled by default for historical
-** compatibility.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F12201} Each new [database connection] has the
-**          [extended result codes] feature
-**          disabled by default.
-**
-** {F12202} The [sqlite3_extended_result_codes(D,F)] interface will enable
-**          [extended result codes] for the
-**          [database connection] D if the F parameter
-**          is true, or disable them if F is false.
+** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. The extended result
+** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility considerations.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F12201} Each new [database connection] shall have the
+**          [extended result codes] feature disabled by default.
+**
+** {F12202} The [sqlite3_extended_result_codes(D,F)] interface shall enable
+**          [extended result codes] for the  [database connection] D
+**          if the F parameter is true, or disable them if F is false.
 */
 int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid {F12220}
@@ -856,48 +1175,46 @@
 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. If
 ** the table has a column of type INTEGER PRIMARY KEY then that column
 ** is another alias for the rowid.
 **
 ** This routine returns the rowid of the most recent
-** successful INSERT into the database from the database connection
-** shown in the first argument.  If no successful inserts
-** have ever occurred on this database connection, zero is returned.
-**
-** If an INSERT occurs within a trigger, then the rowid of the
-** inserted row is returned by this routine as long as the trigger
-** is running.  But once the trigger terminates, the value returned
-** by this routine reverts to the last value inserted before the
-** trigger fired.
+** successful INSERT into the database from the [database connection]
+** in the first argument.  If no successful INSERTs
+** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
+**
+** If an INSERT occurs within a trigger, then the rowid of the inserted
+** row is returned by this routine as long as the trigger is running.
+** But once the trigger terminates, the value returned by this routine
+** reverts to the last value inserted before the trigger fired.
 **
 ** An INSERT that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
-** successful insert and does not change the value returned by this
+** successful INSERT and does not change the value returned by this
 ** routine.  Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
 ** routine when their insertion fails.  When INSERT OR REPLACE
 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
 ** the return value of this interface.
 **
-** For the purposes of this routine, an insert is considered to
+** For the purposes of this routine, an INSERT is considered to
 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F12221} The [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] function returns the
-**          rowid of the most recent successful insert done
-**          on the same database connection and within the same
-**          trigger context, or zero if there have
-**          been no qualifying inserts on that connection.
-**
-** {F12223} The [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] function returns
+** {F12221} The [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] function returns the rowid
+**          of the most recent successful INSERT performed on the same
+**          [database connection] and within the same or higher level
+**          trigger context, or zero if there have been no qualifying inserts.
+**
+** {F12223} The [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] function returns the
 **          same value when called from the same trigger context
 **          immediately before and after a ROLLBACK.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12232} If a separate thread does a new insert on the same
+** {A12232} If a separate thread performs a new INSERT on the same
 **          database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
 **          function is running and thus changes the last insert rowid,
 **          then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
 **          unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
 **          last insert rowid.
@@ -907,13 +1224,13 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified {F12240}
 **
 ** This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
 ** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
-** on the connection specified by the first parameter.  Only
-** changes that are directly specified by the INSERT, UPDATE, or
-** DELETE statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
+** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
+** Only changes that are directly specified by the INSERT, UPDATE,
+** or DELETE statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
 ** triggers are not counted. Use the [sqlite3_total_changes()] function
 ** to find the total number of changes including changes caused by triggers.
 **
 ** A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
 ** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
@@ -933,83 +1250,88 @@
 **
 ** This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
 ** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
 ** trigger context.
 **
-** So when called from the top level, this function returns the
+** Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
 ** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
-** that also occurred at the top level.
-** Within the body of a trigger, the sqlite3_changes() interface
-** can be called to find the number of
+** that also occurred at the top level.  Within the body of a trigger,
+** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
 ** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
 ** statement within the body of the same trigger.
-** However, the number returned does not include in changes
-** caused by subtriggers since they have their own context.
-**
-** SQLite implements the command "DELETE FROM table" without
-** a WHERE clause by dropping and recreating the table.  (This is much
-** faster than going through and deleting individual elements from the
-** table.)  Because of this optimization, the deletions in
-** "DELETE FROM table" are not row changes and will not be counted
-** by the sqlite3_changes() or [sqlite3_total_changes()] functions.
-** To get an accurate count of the number of rows deleted, use
+** However, the number returned does not include changes
+** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.
+**
+** SQLite implements the command "DELETE FROM table" without a WHERE clause
+** by dropping and recreating the table.  (This is much faster than going
+** through and deleting individual elements from the table.)  Because of this
+** optimization, the deletions in "DELETE FROM table" are not row changes and
+** will not be counted by the sqlite3_changes() or [sqlite3_total_changes()]
+** functions, regardless of the number of elements that were originally
+** in the table.  To get an accurate count of the number of rows deleted, use
 ** "DELETE FROM table WHERE 1" instead.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F12241} The [sqlite3_changes()] function returns the number of
+** {F12241} The [sqlite3_changes()] function shall return the number of
 **          row changes caused by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE,
 **          or DELETE statement on the same database connection and
-**          within the same trigger context, or zero if there have
+**          within the same or higher trigger context, or zero if there have
 **          not been any qualifying row changes.
+**
+** {F12243} Statements of the form "DELETE FROM tablename" with no
+**          WHERE clause shall cause subsequent calls to
+**          [sqlite3_changes()] to return zero, regardless of the
+**          number of rows originally in the table.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12252} If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
+** {A12252} If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
 **          while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
-**          is unpredictable and unmeaningful.
+**          is unpredictable and not meaningful.
 */
 int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified {F12260}
-***
-** This function returns the number of row changes caused
-** by INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statements since the database handle
-** was opened.  The count includes all changes from all trigger
-** contexts.  But the count does not include changes used to
-** implement REPLACE constraints, do rollbacks or ABORT processing,
-** or DROP table processing.
-** The changes
-** are counted as soon as the statement that makes them is completed
-** (when the statement handle is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or
+**
+** This function returns the number of row changes caused by INSERT,
+** UPDATE or DELETE statements since the [database connection] was opened.
+** The count includes all changes from all trigger contexts.  However,
+** the count does not include changes used to implement REPLACE constraints,
+** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or DROP table processing.
+** The changes are counted as soon as the statement that makes them is
+** completed (when the statement handle is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or
 ** [sqlite3_finalize()]).
 **
-** SQLite implements the command "DELETE FROM table" without
-** a WHERE clause by dropping and recreating the table.  (This is much
-** faster than going
-** through and deleting individual elements from the table.)  Because of
-** this optimization, the change count for "DELETE FROM table" will be
-** zero regardless of the number of elements that were originally in the
-** table. To get an accurate count of the number of rows deleted, use
+** SQLite implements the command "DELETE FROM table" without a WHERE clause
+** by dropping and recreating the table.  (This is much faster than going
+** through and deleting individual elements from the table.)  Because of this
+** optimization, the deletions in "DELETE FROM table" are not row changes and
+** will not be counted by the sqlite3_changes() or [sqlite3_total_changes()]
+** functions, regardless of the number of elements that were originally
+** in the table.  To get an accurate count of the number of rows deleted, use
 ** "DELETE FROM table WHERE 1" instead.
 **
 ** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12261} The [sqlite3_total_changes()] returns the total number
 **          of row changes caused by INSERT, UPDATE, and/or DELETE
 **          statements on the same [database connection], in any
-**          trigger context, since the database connection was
-**          created.
+**          trigger context, since the database connection was created.
+**
+** {F12263} Statements of the form "DELETE FROM tablename" with no
+**          WHERE clause shall not change the value returned
+**          by [sqlite3_total_changes()].
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12264} If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
+** {A12264} If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
 **          while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
-**          returned is unpredictable and unmeaningful.
+**          returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
 */
 int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query {F12270}
@@ -1020,36 +1342,37 @@
 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
 ** immediately.
 **
 ** It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
-** is not safe to call this routine with a database connection that
+** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
 **
-** If an SQL is very nearly finished at the time when sqlite3_interrupt()
-** is called, then it might not have an opportunity to be interrupted.
-** It might continue to completion.
-** An SQL operation that is interrupted will return
-** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].  If the interrupted SQL operation is an
-** INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE that is inside an explicit transaction,
-** then the entire transaction will be rolled back automatically.
+** If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
+** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
+** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
+**
+** An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
+** If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
+** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
+** will be rolled back automatically.
+**
 ** A call to sqlite3_interrupt() has no effect on SQL statements
 ** that are started after sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12271} The [sqlite3_interrupt()] interface will force all running
 **          SQL statements associated with the same database connection
-**          to halt after processing at most one additional row of
-**          data.
+**          to halt after processing at most one additional row of data.
 **
 ** {F12272} Any SQL statement that is interrupted by [sqlite3_interrupt()]
 **          will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12279} If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
+** {A12279} If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
 **          is running then bad things will likely happen.
 */
 void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
 
 /*
@@ -1064,58 +1387,60 @@
 ** CREATE TRIGGER statement.  Semicolons that are embedded within
 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.
 **
-** These routines do not parse the SQL and
-** so will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F10511} The sqlite3_complete() and sqlite3_complete16() functions
-**          return true (non-zero) if and only if the last
-**          non-whitespace token in their input is a semicolon that
-**          is not in between the BEGIN and END of a CREATE TRIGGER
-**          statement.
+** These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
+** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F10511} A successful evaluation of [sqlite3_complete()] or
+**          [sqlite3_complete16()] functions shall
+**          return a numeric 1 if and only if the last non-whitespace
+**          token in their input is a semicolon that is not in between
+**          the BEGIN and END of a CREATE TRIGGER statement.
+**
+** {F10512} If a memory allocation error occurs during an invocation
+**          of [sqlite3_complete()] or [sqlite3_complete16()] then the
+**          routine shall return [SQLITE_NOMEM].
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U10512} The input to sqlite3_complete() must be a zero-terminated
+** {A10512} The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
 **          UTF-8 string.
 **
-** {U10513} The input to sqlite3_complete16() must be a zero-terminated
+** {A10513} The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
 **          UTF-16 string in native byte order.
 */
 int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
 int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors {F12310}
 **
-** This routine identifies a callback function that might be
-** invoked whenever an attempt is made to open a database table
-** that another thread or process has locked.
-** If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
-** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
-** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.
-** If the busy callback is not NULL, then the
-** callback will be invoked with two arguments.  The
-** first argument to the handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
-** is the third argument to this routine.  The second argument to
-** the handler is the number of times that the busy handler has
-** been invoked for this locking event.   If the
+** This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
+** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
+** or process has locked.
+**
+** If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
+** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock. If the busy callback
+** is not NULL, then the callback will be invoked with two arguments.
+**
+** The first argument to the handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
+** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  The second argument to
+** the handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
+** been invoked for this locking event.  If the
 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
 ** If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
 ** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
 **
-** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that
-** it will be invoked when there is lock contention.
-** If SQLite determines that invoking the busy handler could result in
-** a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY] or
-** [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the
-** busy handler.
+** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
+** when there is lock contention. If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
+** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
+** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
@@ -1136,81 +1461,81 @@
 ** readers.  If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
 ** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
 ** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
 ** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  This error code promotion
 ** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
-** <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
+** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
 ** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
 ** this is important.
 **
-** There can only be a single busy handler defined for each database
-** connection.  Setting a new busy handler clears any previous one.
-** Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] will also set or clear
-** the busy handler.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F12311} The [sqlite3_busy_handler()] function replaces the busy handler
-**          callback in the database connection identified by the 1st
-**          parameter with a new busy handler identified by the 2nd and 3rd
-**          parameters.
-**
-** {F12312} The default busy handler for new database connections is NULL.
-**
-** {F12314} When two or more database connection share a common cache,
+** There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
+** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
+** previously set handler.  Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
+** will also set or clear the busy handler.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F12311} The [sqlite3_busy_handler(D,C,A)] function shall replace
+**          busy callback in the [database connection] D with a new
+**          a new busy handler C and application data pointer A.
+**
+** {F12312} Newly created [database connections] shall have a busy
+**          handler of NULL.
+**
+** {F12314} When two or more [database connections] share a
+**          [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache | common cache],
 **          the busy handler for the database connection currently using
-**          the cache is invoked when the cache encounters a lock.
-**
-** {F12316} If a busy handler callback returns zero, then the SQLite
-**          interface that provoked the locking event will return
-**          [SQLITE_BUSY].
-**
-** {F12318} SQLite will invokes the busy handler with two argument which
+**          the cache shall be invoked when the cache encounters a lock.
+**
+** {F12316} If a busy handler callback returns zero, then the SQLite interface
+**          that provoked the locking event shall return [SQLITE_BUSY].
+**
+** {F12318} SQLite shall invokes the busy handler with two arguments which
 **          are a copy of the pointer supplied by the 3rd parameter to
 **          [sqlite3_busy_handler()] and a count of the number of prior
 **          invocations of the busy handler for the same locking event.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U12319} A busy handler should not call close the database connection
-**          or prepared statement that invoked the busy handler.
+** {A12319} A busy handler must not close the database connection
+**          or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
 */
 int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout {F12340}
 **
-** This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler]
-** that sleeps for a while when a
-** table is locked.  The handler will sleep multiple times until
-** at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping have been done. {F12343} After
-** "ms" milliseconds of sleeping, the handler returns 0 which
-** causes [sqlite3_step()] to return [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
+** This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
+** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  The handler
+** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
+** have accumulated. {F12343} After "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
+** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
+** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
 **
 ** Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
 ** turns off all busy handlers.
 **
-** There can only be a single busy handler for a particular database
-** connection.  If another busy handler was defined
-** (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
+** There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
+** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
+** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F12341} The [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] function overrides any prior
+** {F12341} The [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] function shall override any prior
 **          [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] or [sqlite3_busy_handler()] setting
-**          on the same database connection.
+**          on the same [database connection].
 **
 ** {F12343} If the 2nd parameter to [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] is less than
-**          or equal to zero, then the busy handler is cleared so that
+**          or equal to zero, then the busy handler shall be cleared so that
 **          all subsequent locking events immediately return [SQLITE_BUSY].
 **
 ** {F12344} If the 2nd parameter to [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] is a positive
-**          number N, then a busy handler is set that repeatedly calls
-**          the xSleep() method in the VFS interface until either the
-**          lock clears or until the cumulative sleep time reported back
-**          by xSleep() exceeds N milliseconds.
+**          number N, then a busy handler shall be set that repeatedly calls
+**          the xSleep() method in the [sqlite3_vfs | VFS interface] until
+**          either the lock clears or until the cumulative sleep time
+**          reported back by xSleep() exceeds N milliseconds.
 */
 int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries {F12370}
@@ -1222,20 +1547,18 @@
 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
 ** and M be the number of columns.
 **
-** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated
-** UTF-8 strings.  There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.
-** The first M pointers point to zero-terminated strings that
-** contain the names of the columns.
-** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL
-** values are give a NULL pointer.  All other values are in
-** their UTF-8 zero-terminated string representation as returned by
-** [sqlite3_column_text()].
-**
-** A result table might consists of one or more memory allocations.
+** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
+** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
+** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
+** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
+** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
+** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
+**
+** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
 **
 ** As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
 ** is as follows:
@@ -1268,52 +1591,62 @@
 ** string of its 2nd parameter.  It returns a result table to the
 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
 **
 ** After the calling function has finished using the result, it should
 ** pass the pointer to the result table to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
-** release the memory that was malloc-ed.  Because of the way the
+** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
-** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
-** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
+** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or [sqlite3_errmsg()].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12371} If a [sqlite3_get_table()] fails a memory allocation, then
-**          it frees the result table under construction, aborts the
-**          query in process, skips any subsequent queries, sets the
-**          *resultp output pointer to NULL and returns [SQLITE_NOMEM].
-**
-** {F12373} If the ncolumn parameter to [sqlite3_get_table()] is not NULL
-**          then [sqlite3_get_table()] write the number of columns in the
-**          result set of the query into *ncolumn if the query is
-**          successful (if the function returns SQLITE_OK).
-**
-** {F12374} If the nrow parameter to [sqlite3_get_table()] is not NULL
-**          then [sqlite3_get_table()] write the number of rows in the
-**          result set of the query into *nrow if the query is
-**          successful (if the function returns SQLITE_OK).
-**
-** {F12376} The [sqlite3_get_table()] function sets its *ncolumn value
-**          to the number of columns in the result set of the query in the
-**          sql parameter, or to zero if the query in sql has an empty
-**          result set.
+**          it shall free the result table under construction, abort the
+**          query in process, skip any subsequent queries, set the
+**          *pazResult output pointer to NULL and return [SQLITE_NOMEM].
+**
+** {F12373} If the pnColumn parameter to [sqlite3_get_table()] is not NULL
+**          then a successful invocation of [sqlite3_get_table()] shall
+**          write the number of columns in the
+**          result set of the query into *pnColumn.
+**
+** {F12374} If the pnRow parameter to [sqlite3_get_table()] is not NULL
+**          then a successful invocation of [sqlite3_get_table()] shall
+**          writes the number of rows in the
+**          result set of the query into *pnRow.
+**
+** {F12376} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_get_table()] that computes
+**          N rows of result with C columns per row shall make *pazResult
+**          point to an array of pointers to (N+1)*C strings where the first
+**          C strings are column names as obtained from
+**          [sqlite3_column_name()] and the rest are column result values
+**          obtained from [sqlite3_column_text()].
+**
+** {F12379} The values in the pazResult array returned by [sqlite3_get_table()]
+**          shall remain valid until cleared by [sqlite3_free_table()].
+**
+** {F12382} When an error occurs during evaluation of [sqlite3_get_table()]
+**          the function shall set *pazResult to NULL, write an error message
+**          into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()], make
+**          **pzErrmsg point to that error message, and return a
+**          appropriate [error code].
 */
 int sqlite3_get_table(
-  sqlite3*,             /* An open database */
-  const char *sql,      /* SQL to be evaluated */
-  char ***pResult,      /* Results of the query */
-  int *nrow,            /* Number of result rows written here */
-  int *ncolumn,         /* Number of result columns written here */
-  char **errmsg         /* Error msg written here */
+  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
+  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
+  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
+  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
+  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
+  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
 );
 void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions {F17400}
@@ -1322,11 +1655,11 @@
 ** from the standard C library.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
-** released by [sqlite3_free()].   Both routines return a
+** released by [sqlite3_free()].  Both routines return a
 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
 **
 ** In sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
@@ -1347,20 +1680,20 @@
 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
 ** written will be n-1 characters.
 **
 ** These routines all implement some additional formatting
 ** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
-** All of the usual printf formatting options apply.  In addition, there
+** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
 ** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
 **
 ** The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a null-terminated
 ** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
 ** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.  By doubling each '\''
 ** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
 ** the string.
 **
-** For example, so some string variable contains text as follows:
+** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
 **
 ** <blockquote><pre>
 **  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
 ** </pre></blockquote>
 **
@@ -1384,18 +1717,17 @@
 **
 ** <blockquote><pre>
 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
 ** </pre></blockquote>
 **
-** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you
-** should always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string
-** literal.
+** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
+** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
 **
 ** The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
-** the outside of the total string.  Or if the parameter in the argument
-** list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without single
-** quotes) in place of the %Q option. {END}  So, for example, one could say:
+** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
+** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
+** single quotes) in place of the %Q option.  So, for example, one could say:
 **
 ** <blockquote><pre>
 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
@@ -1417,16 +1749,15 @@
 **
 ** {F17406}  The [sqlite3_snprintf()] interface writes a zero-terminated
 **           UTF-8 string into the buffer pointed to by the second parameter
 **           provided that the first parameter is greater than zero.
 **
-** {F17407}  The [sqlite3_snprintf()] interface does not writes slots of
+** {F17407}  The [sqlite3_snprintf()] interface does not write slots of
 **           its output buffer (the second parameter) outside the range
 **           of 0 through N-1 (where N is the first parameter)
 **           regardless of the length of the string
 **           requested by the format specification.
-**
 */
 char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
 char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
 char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
 
@@ -1434,11 +1765,11 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem {F17300}
 **
 ** The SQLite core  uses these three routines for all of its own
 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
 ** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
-** windows VFS uses native malloc and free for some operations.
+** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
 ** If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  If the parameter N to
@@ -1463,11 +1794,11 @@
 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
 ** If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
 ** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
-** Sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
+** sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
 ** If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
 ** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
 ** If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
@@ -1474,42 +1805,38 @@
 ** is not freed.
 **
 ** The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary. {END}
 **
-** The default implementation
-** of the memory allocation subsystem uses the malloc(), realloc()
-** and free() provided by the standard C library. {F17382} However, if
-** SQLite is compiled with the following C preprocessor macro
-**
-** <blockquote> SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE=<i>NNN</i> </blockquote>
-**
-** where <i>NNN</i> is an integer, then SQLite create a static
-** array of at least <i>NNN</i> bytes in size and use that array
-** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs. {END}  Additional
-** memory allocator options may be added in future releases.
+** The default implementation of the memory allocation subsystem uses
+** the malloc(), realloc() and free() provided by the standard C library.
+** {F17382} However, if SQLite is compiled with the
+** SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE=<i>NNN</i> C preprocessor macro (where <i>NNN</i>
+** is an integer), then SQLite create a static array of at least
+** <i>NNN</i> bytes in size and uses that array for all of its dynamic
+** memory allocation needs. {END}  Additional memory allocator options
+** may be added in future releases.
 **
 ** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
 ** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
 ** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
-** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be
-** used.
-**
-** The windows OS interface layer calls
+** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
+**
+** The Windows OS interface layer calls
 ** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
 ** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
-** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular windows
+** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
 ** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
 ** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
 ** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F17303}  The [sqlite3_malloc(N)] interface returns either a pointer to
-**           newly checked-out block of at least N bytes of memory
-**           that is 8-byte aligned,
-**           or it returns NULL if it is unable to fulfill the request.
+**           a newly checked-out block of at least N bytes of memory
+**           that is 8-byte aligned, or it returns NULL if it is unable
+**           to fulfill the request.
 **
 ** {F17304}  The [sqlite3_malloc(N)] interface returns a NULL pointer if
 **           N is less than or equal to zero.
 **
 ** {F17305}  The [sqlite3_free(P)] interface releases memory previously
@@ -1531,30 +1858,30 @@
 ** {F17318}  The [sqlite3_realloc(P,N)] interface returns either a pointer
 **           to a block of checked-out memory of at least N bytes in size
 **           that is 8-byte aligned, or a NULL pointer.
 **
 ** {F17321}  When [sqlite3_realloc(P,N)] returns a non-NULL pointer, it first
-**           copies the first K bytes of content from P into the newly allocated
-**           where K is the lessor of N and the size of the buffer P.
+**           copies the first K bytes of content from P into the newly
+**           allocated block, where K is the lesser of N and the size of
+**           the buffer P.
 **
 ** {F17322}  When [sqlite3_realloc(P,N)] returns a non-NULL pointer, it first
 **           releases the buffer P.
 **
 ** {F17323}  When [sqlite3_realloc(P,N)] returns NULL, the buffer P is
 **           not modified or released.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U17350}  The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
-**           must be either NULL or else a pointer obtained from a prior
-**           invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that has
-**           not been released.
-**
-** {U17351}  The application must not read or write any part of
+** {A17350}  The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
+**           must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
+**           invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
+**           not yet been released.
+**
+** {A17351}  The application must not read or write any part of
 **           a block of memory after it has been released using
 **           [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
-**
 */
 void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
 void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
 void sqlite3_free(void*);
 
@@ -1561,32 +1888,31 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics {F17370}
 **
 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
-** the memory allocation subsystem included within the SQLite.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F17371} The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the
-**          number of bytes of memory currently outstanding
-**          (malloced but not freed).
+** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F17371} The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
+**          of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
 **
 ** {F17373} The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
-**          value of [sqlite3_memory_used()]
-**          since the highwater mark was last reset.
+**          value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
+**          was last reset.
 **
 ** {F17374} The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
 **          [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
 **          added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
 **          but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
 **          routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
 **
-** {F17375} The memory highwater mark is reset to the current value of
+** {F17375} The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
 **          [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
 **          [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  The value returned
-**          by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the highwater mark
+**          by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
 **          prior to the reset.
 */
 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
 
@@ -1595,11 +1921,11 @@
 **
 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
 ** select random ROWIDs when inserting new records into a table that
 ** already uses the largest possible ROWID.  The PRNG is also used for
 ** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
-** appliations to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
+** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
 **
 ** A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
 **
 ** The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
 ** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
@@ -1627,13 +1953,13 @@
 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
 ** see if those actions are allowed.  The authorizer callback should
 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
-** rejected with an error.   If the authorizer callback returns
+** rejected with an error.  If the authorizer callback returns
 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
-** then [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
+** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
 **
 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
 ** requested is ok.  When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
@@ -1644,23 +1970,21 @@
 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
 ** columns of a table.
 **
-** The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of
-** the third parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface.
-** The second parameter to the callback is an integer
-** [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies the particular action
-** to be authorized. The third through sixth
-** parameters to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain
-** additional details about the action to be authorized.
+** The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
+** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. The second parameter
+** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
+** the particular action to be authorized. The third through sixth parameters
+** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
+** details about the action to be authorized.
 **
 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
-** SQL statements from an untrusted
-** source, to ensure that the SQL statements do not try to access data
-** that they are not allowed to see, or that they do not try to
-** execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
+** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
+** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
+** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
@@ -1684,30 +2008,30 @@
 **
 ** {F12501} The [sqlite3_set_authorizer(D,...)] interface registers a
 **          authorizer callback with database connection D.
 **
 ** {F12502} The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are
-**          being compiled
+**          being compiled.
 **
 ** {F12503} If the authorizer callback returns any value other than
-**          [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY] then
+**          [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY], then
 **          the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that caused
 **          the authorizer callback to run shall fail with an
 **          [SQLITE_ERROR] error code and an appropriate error message.
 **
 ** {F12504} When the authorizer callback returns [SQLITE_OK], the operation
-**          described is coded normally.
+**          described is processed normally.
 **
 ** {F12505} When the authorizer callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
 **          [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that caused the
 **          authorizer callback to run shall fail
 **          with an [SQLITE_ERROR] error code and an error message
 **          explaining that access is denied.
 **
 ** {F12506} If the authorizer code (the 2nd parameter to the authorizer
 **          callback) is [SQLITE_READ] and the authorizer callback returns
-**          [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the prepared statement is constructed to
+**          [SQLITE_IGNORE], then the prepared statement is constructed to
 **          insert a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
 **          been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.
 **
 ** {F12507} If the authorizer code (the 2nd parameter to the authorizer
 **          callback) is anything other than [SQLITE_READ], then
@@ -1722,11 +2046,11 @@
 **
 ** {F12512} The third through sixth parameters to the callback are
 **          zero-terminated strings that contain
 **          additional details about the action to be authorized.
 **
-** {F12520} Each call to [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] overrides the
+** {F12520} Each call to [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] overrides
 **          any previously installed authorizer.
 **
 ** {F12521} A NULL authorizer means that no authorization
 **          callback is invoked.
 **
@@ -1752,11 +2076,11 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes {F12550}
 **
 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
-** that is invoked to authorizer certain SQL statement actions.  The
+** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
 **
 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
@@ -1770,16 +2094,16 @@
 ** top-level SQL code.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12551} The second parameter to an
-**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback is always an integer
+**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback] is always an integer
 **          [SQLITE_COPY | authorizer code] that specifies what action
 **          is being authorized.
 **
 ** {F12552} The 3rd and 4th parameters to the
-**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorization callback function]
+**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorization callback]
 **          will be parameters or NULL depending on which
 **          [SQLITE_COPY | authorizer code] is used as the second parameter.
 **
 ** {F12553} The 5th parameter to the
 **          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback] is the name
@@ -1833,11 +2157,11 @@
 **
 ** The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
 ** The callback returns a UTF-8 rendering of the SQL statement text
 ** as the statement first begins executing.  Additional callbacks occur
-** as each triggersubprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
+** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.
 **
 ** The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  The profile callback contains
 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
@@ -1864,11 +2188,11 @@
 **
 ** {F12284} The first argument to the trace callback is a copy of
 **          the pointer which was the 3rd argument to [sqlite3_trace()].
 **
 ** {F12285} The second argument to the trace callback is a
-**          zero-terminated UTF8 string containing the original text
+**          zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the original text
 **          of the SQL statement as it was passed into [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
 **          or the equivalent, or an SQL comment indicating the beginning
 **          of a trigger subprogram.
 **
 ** {F12287} The callback function registered by [sqlite3_profile()] is invoked
@@ -1880,11 +2204,11 @@
 ** {F12289} The second parameter to the profile callback is a
 **          zero-terminated UTF-8 string that contains the complete text of
 **          the SQL statement as it was processed by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
 **          or the equivalent.
 **
-** {F12290} The third parameter to the profile  callback is an estimate
+** {F12290} The third parameter to the profile callback is an estimate
 **          of the number of nanoseconds of wall-clock time required to
 **          run the SQL statement from start to finish.
 */
 void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
 void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
@@ -1894,41 +2218,41 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks {F12910}
 **
 ** This routine configures a callback function - the
 ** progress callback - that is invoked periodically during long
 ** running calls to [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and
-** [sqlite3_get_table()].   An example use for this
+** [sqlite3_get_table()].  An example use for this
 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
 **
-** If the progress callback returns non-zero, the opertion is
+** If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI dialog box.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F12911} The callback function registered by [sqlite3_progress_handler()]
+** {F12911} The callback function registered by sqlite3_progress_handler()
 **          is invoked periodically during long running calls to
 **          [sqlite3_step()].
 **
 ** {F12912} The progress callback is invoked once for every N virtual
 **          machine opcodes, where N is the second argument to
 **          the [sqlite3_progress_handler()] call that registered
-**          the callback.  <todo>What if N is less than 1?</todo>
+**          the callback.  If N is less than 1, sqlite3_progress_handler()
+**          acts as if a NULL progress handler had been specified.
 **
 ** {F12913} The progress callback itself is identified by the third
-**          argument to [sqlite3_progress_handler()].
-**
-** {F12914} The fourth argument [sqlite3_progress_handler()] is a
-***         void pointer passed to the progress callback
+**          argument to sqlite3_progress_handler().
+**
+** {F12914} The fourth argument to sqlite3_progress_handler() is a
+**          void pointer passed to the progress callback
 **          function each time it is invoked.
 **
-** {F12915} If a call to [sqlite3_step()] results in fewer than
-**          N opcodes being executed,
-**          then the progress callback is never invoked. {END}
+** {F12915} If a call to [sqlite3_step()] results in fewer than N opcodes
+**          being executed, then the progress callback is never invoked.
 **
 ** {F12916} Every call to [sqlite3_progress_handler()]
-**          overwrites any previously registere progress handler.
+**          overwrites any previously registered progress handler.
 **
 ** {F12917} If the progress handler callback is NULL then no progress
 **          handler is invoked.
 **
 ** {F12918} If the progress callback returns a result other than 0, then
@@ -1937,82 +2261,87 @@
 void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection {F12700}
 **
-** These routines open an SQLite database file whose name
-** is given by the filename argument.
-** The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8
-** for [sqlite3_open()] and [sqlite3_open_v2()] and as UTF-16
-** in the native byte order for [sqlite3_open16()].
-** An [sqlite3*] handle is usually returned in *ppDb, even
-** if an error occurs.  The only exception is if SQLite is unable
-** to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object, a NULL will
-** be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3] object.
-** If the database is opened (and/or created)
-** successfully, then [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an
-** error code is returned.  The
-** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()]  routines can be used to obtain
+** These routines open an SQLite database file whose name is given by the
+** filename argument. The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
+** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
+** order for sqlite3_open16(). A [database connection] handle is usually
+** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
+** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
+** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
+** object. If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
+** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.  The
+** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
 ** an English language description of the error.
 **
 ** The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
-** [sqlite3_open()] or [sqlite3_open_v2()] is called and
-** UTF-16 in the native byte order if [sqlite3_open16()] is used.
+** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
+** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
 **
 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
-** associated with the [sqlite3*] handle should be released by passing it
-** to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
-**
-** The [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface works like [sqlite3_open()]
-** except that it acccepts two additional parameters for additional control
-** over the new database connection.  The flags parameter can be
-** one of:
-**
-** <ol>
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]
-** </ol>
-**
-** The first value opens the database read-only.
-** If the database does not previously exist, an error is returned.
-** The second option opens
-** the database for reading and writing if possible, or reading only if
-** if the file is write protected.  In either case the database
-** must already exist or an error is returned.  The third option
-** opens the database for reading and writing and creates it if it does
-** not already exist.
-** The third options is behavior that is always used for [sqlite3_open()]
-** and [sqlite3_open16()].
-**
-** If the 3rd parameter to [sqlite3_open_v2()] is not one of the
-** combinations shown above then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** If the filename is ":memory:", then an private
-** in-memory database is created for the connection.  This in-memory
-** database will vanish when the database connection is closed.  Future
-** version of SQLite might make use of additional special filenames
-** that begin with the ":" character.  It is recommended that
-** when a database filename really does begin with
-** ":" that you prefix the filename with a pathname like "./" to
-** avoid ambiguity.
-**
-** If the filename is an empty string, then a private temporary
+** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
+** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
+**
+** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
+** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
+** over the new database connection.  The flags parameter can take one of
+** the following three values, optionally combined with the
+** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag:
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
+** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
+** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
+** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is creates it if
+** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
+** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>
+** </dl>
+**
+** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
+** combinations shown above or one of the combinations shown above combined
+** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag, then the behavior is undefined.
+**
+** If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then mutexes on the
+** opened [database connection] are disabled and the appliation must
+** insure that access to the [database connection] and its associated
+** [prepared statements] is serialized.  The [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag
+** is the default behavior is SQLite is configured using the
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] options
+** to [sqlite3_config()].  The [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag only makes a
+** difference when SQLite is in its default [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED] mode.
+**
+** If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
+** is created for the connection.  This in-memory database will vanish when
+** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
+** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
+** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
+** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
+** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
+**
+** If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
 ** on-disk database will be created.  This private database will be
 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
 **
 ** The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
-** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system
-** interface that the new database connection should use.  If the
-** fourth parameter is a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs]
-** object is used.
-**
-** <b>Note to windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
-** of [sqlite3_open()] and [sqlite3_open_v2()] must be UTF-8, not whatever
+** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
+** the new database connection should use.  If the fourth parameter is
+** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
+**
+** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
+** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
-** [sqlite3_open()] or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
+** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12701} The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
 **          [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces create a new
@@ -2064,18 +2393,22 @@
 **          ephemeral, in-memory database is created for the connection.
 **          <todo>Is SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE required
 **          in sqlite3_open_v2()?</todo>
 **
 ** {F12719} If the filename is NULL or an empty string, then a private,
-**          ephermeral on-disk database will be created.
+**          ephemeral on-disk database will be created.
 **          <todo>Is SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE required
 **          in sqlite3_open_v2()?</todo>
 **
-** {F12721} The [database connection] created by
-**          [sqlite3_open_v2(F,D,G,V)] will use the
-**          [sqlite3_vfs] object identified by the V parameter, or
-**          the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is V is a NULL pointer.
+** {F12721} The [database connection] created by [sqlite3_open_v2(F,D,G,V)]
+**          will use the [sqlite3_vfs] object identified by the V parameter,
+**          or the default [sqlite3_vfs] object if V is a NULL pointer.
+**
+** {F12723} Two [database connections] will share a common cache if both were
+**          opened with the same VFS while [shared cache mode] was enabled and
+**          if both filenames compare equal using memcmp() after having been
+**          processed by the [sqlite3_vfs | xFullPathname] method of the VFS.
 */
 int sqlite3_open(
   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
 );
@@ -2091,36 +2424,37 @@
 );
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages {F12800}
 **
-** The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric
-** [SQLITE_OK | result code] or [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result code]
-** for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call associated
-** with [sqlite3] handle 'db'. If a prior API call failed but the
-** most recent API call succeeded, the return value from sqlite3_errcode()
-** is undefined.
+** The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
+** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
+** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
+** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
+** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
-** text that describes the error, as either UTF8 or UTF16 respectively.
+** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
 ** Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
-** The application does not need to worry with freeing the result.
+** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.
+**
+** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
+** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
+** error code and message may or may not be set.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12801} The [sqlite3_errcode(D)] interface returns the numeric
-**          [SQLITE_OK | result code] or
-**          [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result code]
-**          for the most recently failed interface call associated
-**          with [database connection] D.
+**          [result code] or [extended result code] for the most recently
+**          failed interface call associated with the [database connection] D.
 **
 ** {F12803} The [sqlite3_errmsg(D)] and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)]
 **          interfaces return English-language text that describes
 **          the error in the mostly recently failed interface call,
-**          encoded as either UTF8 or UTF16 respectively.
+**          encoded as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
 **
 ** {F12807} The strings returned by [sqlite3_errmsg()] and [sqlite3_errmsg16()]
 **          are valid until the next SQLite interface call.
 **
 ** {F12808} Calls to API routines that do not return an error code
@@ -2140,21 +2474,21 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object {F13000}
 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
 **
-** An instance of this object represent single SQL statements.  This
-** object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
+** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
+** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
 ** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
 **
 ** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
 **
 ** <ol>
 ** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
 **      function.
-** <li> Bind values to host parameters using
-**      [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_* interfaces].
+** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
+**      interfaces.
 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
 ** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
 ** </ol>
@@ -2174,24 +2508,24 @@
 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
 ** new limit for that construct.  The function returns the old limit.
 **
 ** If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
 ** For the limit category of SQLITE_LIMIT_XYZ there is a hard upper
-** bound set by a compile-time C-preprocess macro named SQLITE_MAX_XYZ.
+** bound set by a compile-time C preprocessor macro named SQLITE_MAX_XYZ.
 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".)
 ** Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
 ** silently truncated to the hard upper limit.
 **
 ** Run time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
 ** webbrowser that has its own databases for storing history and
-** separate databases controlled by javascript applications downloaded
-** off the internet.  The internal databases can be given the
+** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
+** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
-** attach.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
+** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
 **
 ** This interface is currently considered experimental and is subject
@@ -2198,21 +2532,20 @@
 ** to change or removal without prior notice.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12762} A successful call to [sqlite3_limit(D,C,V)] where V is
-**          positive changes the
-**          limit on the size of construct C in [database connection] D
-**          to the lessor of V and the hard upper bound on the size
-**          of C that is set at compile-time.
+**          positive changes the limit on the size of construct C in the
+**          [database connection] D to the lesser of V and the hard upper
+**          bound on the size of C that is set at compile-time.
 **
 ** {F12766} A successful call to [sqlite3_limit(D,C,V)] where V is negative
-**          leaves the state of [database connection] D unchanged.
+**          leaves the state of the [database connection] D unchanged.
 **
 ** {F12769} A successful call to [sqlite3_limit(D,C,V)] returns the
-**          value of the limit on the size of construct C in
-**          in [database connection] D as it was prior to the call.
+**          value of the limit on the size of construct C in the
+**          [database connection] D as it was prior to the call.
 */
 int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories {F12790}
@@ -2222,12 +2555,11 @@
 ** that can be limited in size by calls to [sqlite3_limit()].
 ** The meanings of the various limits are as follows:
 **
 ** <dl>
 ** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
-** <dd>The maximum size of any
-** string or blob or table row.<dd>
+** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row.<dd>
 **
 ** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement.</dd>
 **
 ** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
@@ -2271,79 +2603,74 @@
 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement {F13010}
+** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
 **
 ** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
 ** program using one of these routines.
 **
-** The first argument "db" is an [database connection]
-** obtained from a prior call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()]
-** or [sqlite3_open16()].
-** The second argument "zSql" is the statement to be compiled, encoded
+** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
+** prior call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or [sqlite3_open16()].
+**
+** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
-** interfaces uses UTF-8 and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
-** use UTF-16. {END}
-**
-** If the nByte argument is less
-** than zero, then zSql is read up to the first zero terminator.
-** If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum number of
-** bytes read from zSql.  When nByte is non-negative, the
+** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
+** use UTF-16.
+**
+** If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
+** first zero terminator. If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
+** number of  bytes read from zSql.  When nByte is non-negative, the
 ** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
 ** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
 ** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
-** performance advantage to be had by passing an nByte parameter that
+** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
 ** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
-** the nul-terminator bytes.{END}
+** the nul-terminator bytes.
 **
 ** *pzTail is made to point to the first byte past the end of the
-** first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only compiles the first
+** first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only compile the first
 ** statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to what remains
 ** uncompiled.
 **
 ** *ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
-** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  Or if there is an error, *ppStmt is
-** set to NULL.  If the input text contains no SQL (if the input
-** is and empty string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
-** {U13018} The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the
-** compiled SQL statement
-** using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
-**
-** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an
-** [error code] is returned.
+** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
+** to NULL.  If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
+** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
+** {A13018} The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
+** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
+**
+** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned, otherwise an [error code] is returned.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
 ** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
 ** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
 ** In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
-** original SQL text. {END} This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
+** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
 ** behave a differently in two ways:
 **
 ** <ol>
 ** <li>
 ** If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
 ** statement and try to run it again.  If the schema has changed in
 ** a way that makes the statement no longer valid, [sqlite3_step()] will still
-** return [SQLITE_SCHEMA].  But unlike the legacy behavior,
-** [SQLITE_SCHEMA] is now a fatal error.  Calling
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] again will not make the
+** return [SQLITE_SCHEMA].  But unlike the legacy behavior, [SQLITE_SCHEMA] is
+** now a fatal error.  Calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] again will not make the
 ** error go away.  Note: use [sqlite3_errmsg()] to find the text
-** of the parsing error that results in an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] return. {END}
+** of the parsing error that results in an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] return.
 ** </li>
 **
 ** <li>
-** When an error occurs,
-** [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
-** [error codes] or [extended error codes].
-** The legacy behavior was that [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] result code and you would have to make a second call to
-** [sqlite3_reset()] in order to find the underlying cause of the problem.
-** With the "v2" prepare interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is
-** returned immediately.
+** When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
+** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  The legacy behavior was that
+** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
+** and you would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()] in order
+** to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
+** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
 ** </li>
 ** </ol>
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
@@ -2354,15 +2681,15 @@
 ** {F13012} The [sqlite3_prepare16(db,zSql,...)] and
 **          [sqlite3_prepare16_v2(db,zSql,...)] interfaces interpret the
 **          text in their zSql parameter as UTF-16 in the native byte order.
 **
 ** {F13013} If the nByte argument to [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,nByte,...)]
-**          and its variants is less than zero, then SQL text is
+**          and its variants is less than zero, the SQL text is
 **          read from zSql is read up to the first zero terminator.
 **
 ** {F13014} If the nByte argument to [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,nByte,...)]
-**          and its variants is non-negative, then at most nBytes bytes
+**          and its variants is non-negative, then at most nBytes bytes of
 **          SQL text is read from zSql.
 **
 ** {F13015} In [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,N,P,pzTail)] and its variants
 **          if the zSql input text contains more than one SQL statement
 **          and pzTail is not NULL, then *pzTail is made to point to the
@@ -2369,19 +2696,19 @@
 **          first byte past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.
 **          <todo>What does *pzTail point to if there is one statement?</todo>
 **
 ** {F13016} A successful call to [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,N,ppStmt,...)]
 **          or one of its variants writes into *ppStmt a pointer to a new
-**          [prepared statement] or a pointer to NULL
-**          if zSql contains nothing other than whitespace or comments.
+**          [prepared statement] or a pointer to NULL if zSql contains
+**          nothing other than whitespace or comments.
 **
 ** {F13019} The [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] interface and its variants return
 **          [SQLITE_OK] or an appropriate [error code] upon failure.
 **
 ** {F13021} Before [sqlite3_prepare(db,zSql,nByte,ppStmt,pzTail)] or its
-**          variants returns an error (any value other than [SQLITE_OK])
-**          it first sets *ppStmt to NULL.
+**          variants returns an error (any value other than [SQLITE_OK]),
+**          they first set *ppStmt to NULL.
 */
 int sqlite3_prepare(
   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
@@ -2411,43 +2738,39 @@
 );
 
 /*
 ** CAPIREF: Retrieving Statement SQL {F13100}
 **
-** This intereface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
-** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement].
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F13101} If the [prepared statement] passed as
-**          the an argument to [sqlite3_sql()] was compiled
-**          compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
-**          [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
-**          then [sqlite3_sql()] function returns a pointer to a
-**          zero-terminated string containing a UTF-8 rendering
+** This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
+** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
+** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F13101} If the [prepared statement] passed as the argument to
+**          [sqlite3_sql()] was compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
+**          [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], then [sqlite3_sql()] returns
+**          a pointer to a zero-terminated string containing a UTF-8 rendering
 **          of the original SQL statement.
 **
-** {F13102} If the [prepared statement] passed as
-**          the an argument to [sqlite3_sql()] was compiled
-**          compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare()] or
-**          [sqlite3_prepare16()],
-**          then [sqlite3_sql()] function returns a NULL pointer.
+** {F13102} If the [prepared statement] passed as the argument to
+**          [sqlite3_sql()] was compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare()] or
+**          [sqlite3_prepare16()], then [sqlite3_sql()] returns a NULL pointer.
 **
 ** {F13103} The string returned by [sqlite3_sql(S)] is valid until the
 **          [prepared statement] S is deleted using [sqlite3_finalize(S)].
 */
 const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Dynamically Typed Value Object  {F15000}
+** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object {F15000}
 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
 **
 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
-** that can be stored in a database table.
-** SQLite uses dynamic typing for the values it stores.
-** Values stored in sqlite3_value objects can be
-** be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
+** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
+** for the values it stores. Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
+** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
 **
 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
@@ -2455,43 +2778,51 @@
 **
 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
 ** a mutex is held.  A internal mutex is held for a protected
 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
-** (with SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
-** then there is no distinction between
-** protected and unprotected sqlite3_value objects and they can be
-** used interchangable.  However, for maximum code portability it
-** is recommended that applications make the distinction between
-** between protected and unprotected sqlite3_value objects even if
-** they are single threaded.
+** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
+** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
+** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
+** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
+** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
+** still make the distinction between between protected and unprotected
+** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
-** implementation of application-defined SQL functions are protected.
+** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
 ** The sqlite3_value object returned by
 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
-** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].  All other
-** interfaces that use sqlite3_value require protected sqlite3_value objects.
+** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
+** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
+** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
 */
 typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  SQL Function Context Object {F16001}
+** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object {F16001}
 **
 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
-** sqlite3_context object.  A pointer to an sqlite3_context
-** object is always first parameter to application-defined SQL functions.
+** sqlite3_context object.  A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
+** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
+** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
+** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
+** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
+** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
+** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
 */
 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Binding Values To Prepared Statements {F13500}
-**
-** In the SQL strings input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its
-** variants, literals may be replace by a parameter in one
-** of these forms:
+** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements {F13500}
+** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
+** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
+**
+** In the SQL strings input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
+** literals may be replaced by a parameter in one of these forms:
 **
 ** <ul>
 ** <li>  ?
 ** <li>  ?NNN
 ** <li>  :VVV
@@ -2498,36 +2829,35 @@
 ** <li>  @VVV
 ** <li>  $VVV
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** In the parameter forms shown above NNN is an integer literal,
-** VVV alpha-numeric parameter name.
-** The values of these parameters (also called "host parameter names"
-** or "SQL parameters")
+** and VVV is an alpha-numeric parameter name. The values of these
+** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
 **
-** The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines always
-** is a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants. The second
-** argument is the index of the parameter to be set. The
-** first parameter has an index of 1.  When the same named
-** parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
+** The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
+** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
+**
+** The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
+** The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  When the same named
+** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
 ** The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()] API if desired.  The index
+** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  The index
 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
-** The NNN value must be between 1 and the compile-time
-** parameter SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER (default value: 999).
+** The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
+** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
 **
 ** The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
 **
-** In those
-** routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the number of bytes
-** in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the number of <u>bytes</u>
-** in the value, not the number of characters.
+** In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
+** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
+** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.
 ** If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
-** number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
+** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
 **
 ** The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
 ** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
 ** string after SQLite has finished with it. If the fifth argument is
 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
@@ -2535,45 +2865,44 @@
 ** If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
 ** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
 ** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
-** is filled with zeros.  A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
-** (just an integer to hold it size) while it is being processed.
-** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as place-holders for BLOBs whose
+** is filled with zeroes.  A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
+** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
+** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
 ** content is later written using
-** [sqlite3_blob_open | increment BLOB I/O] routines. A negative
-** value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
+** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
+** A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_bind_*() routines must be called after
 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] (and its variants) or [sqlite3_reset()] and
 ** before [sqlite3_step()].
 ** Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
 ** Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
 **
 ** These routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an error code if
 ** anything goes wrong.  [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
-** index is out of range.  [SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc fails.
+** index is out of range.  [SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] might be returned if these routines are called on a
 ** virtual machine that is the wrong state or which has already been finalized.
 ** Detection of misuse is unreliable.  Applications should not depend
 ** on SQLITE_MISUSE returns.  SQLITE_MISUSE is intended to indicate a
 ** a logic error in the application.  Future versions of SQLite might
 ** panic rather than return SQLITE_MISUSE.
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
-** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F13506} The [sqlite3_prepare | SQL statement compiler] recognizes
-**          tokens of the forms "?", "?NNN", "$VVV", ":VVV", and "@VVV"
-**          as SQL parameters, where NNN is any sequence of one or more
-**          digits and where VVV is any sequence of one or more
-**          alphanumeric characters or "::" optionally followed by
-**          a string containing no spaces and contained within parentheses.
+** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F13506} The [SQL statement compiler] recognizes tokens of the forms
+**          "?", "?NNN", "$VVV", ":VVV", and "@VVV" as SQL parameters,
+**          where NNN is any sequence of one or more digits
+**          and where VVV is any sequence of one or more alphanumeric
+**          characters or "::" optionally followed by a string containing
+**          no spaces and contained within parentheses.
 **
 ** {F13509} The initial value of an SQL parameter is NULL.
 **
 ** {F13512} The index of an "?" SQL parameter is one larger than the
 **          largest index of SQL parameter to the left, or 1 if
@@ -2580,18 +2909,19 @@
 **          the "?" is the leftmost SQL parameter.
 **
 ** {F13515} The index of an "?NNN" SQL parameter is the integer NNN.
 **
 ** {F13518} The index of an ":VVV", "$VVV", or "@VVV" SQL parameter is
-**          the same as the index of leftmost occurances of the same
+**          the same as the index of leftmost occurrences of the same
 **          parameter, or one more than the largest index over all
-**          parameters to the left if this is the first occurrance
+**          parameters to the left if this is the first occurrence
 **          of this parameter, or 1 if this is the leftmost parameter.
 **
-** {F13521} The [sqlite3_prepare | SQL statement compiler] fail with
-**          an [SQLITE_RANGE] error if the index of an SQL parameter
-**          is less than 1 or greater than SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER.
+** {F13521} The [SQL statement compiler] fails with an [SQLITE_RANGE]
+**          error if the index of an SQL parameter is less than 1
+**          or greater than the compile-time SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER
+**          parameter.
 **
 ** {F13524} Calls to [sqlite3_bind_text | sqlite3_bind(S,N,V,...)]
 **          associate the value V with all SQL parameters having an
 **          index of N in the [prepared statement] S.
 **
@@ -2602,11 +2932,11 @@
 **          persist across calls to [sqlite3_reset(S)].
 **
 ** {F13533} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_blob(S,N,V,L,D)],
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)], or
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] SQLite binds the first L
-**          bytes of the blob or string pointed to by V, when L
+**          bytes of the BLOB or string pointed to by V, when L
 **          is non-negative.
 **
 ** {F13536} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)] or
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] SQLite binds characters
 **          from V through the first zero character when L is negative.
@@ -2620,20 +2950,20 @@
 **
 ** {F13542} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_blob(S,N,V,L,D)],
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)], or
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] when D is the special
 **          constant [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], the routine makes a
-**          private copy of V value before it returns.
+**          private copy of the value V before it returns.
 **
 ** {F13545} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_blob(S,N,V,L,D)],
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)], or
 **          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] when D is a pointer to
 **          a function, SQLite invokes that function to destroy the
-**          V value after it has finished using the V value.
+**          value V after it has finished using the value V.
 **
 ** {F13548} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(S,N,V,L)] the value bound
-**          is a blob of L bytes, or a zero-length blob if L is negative.
+**          is a BLOB of L bytes, or a zero-length BLOB if L is negative.
 **
 ** {F13551} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_value(S,N,V)] the V argument may
 **          be either a [protected sqlite3_value] object or an
 **          [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
 */
@@ -2648,51 +2978,51 @@
 int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters {F13600}
 **
-** This routine can be used to find the number of SQL parameters
-** in a prepared statement.  SQL parameters are tokens of the
+** This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
+** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
-** place-holders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
+** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
 ** to the parameters at a later time.
 **
-** This routine actually returns the index of the largest parameter.
-** For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the number of
-** unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN are used, there may
-** be gaps in the list.
+** This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
+** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
+** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN are used,
+** there may be gaps in the list.
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13601} The [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(S)] interface returns
 **          the largest index of all SQL parameters in the
-**          [prepared statement] S, or 0 if S
-**          contains no SQL parameters.
+**          [prepared statement] S, or 0 if S contains no SQL parameters.
 */
 int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter {F13620}
 **
 ** This routine returns a pointer to the name of the n-th
-** SQL parameter in a [prepared statement].
+** [SQL parameter] in a [prepared statement].
 ** SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
 ** respectively.
 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
 ** is included as part of the name.
-** Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name.
+** Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
+** and are also referred to as "anonymous parameters".
 **
 ** The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
 **
 ** If the value n is out of range or if the n-th parameter is
 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  The returned string is
-** always in the UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
+** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
@@ -2700,11 +3030,11 @@
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13621} The [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(S,N)] interface returns
 **          a UTF-8 rendering of the name of the SQL parameter in
-**          [prepared statement] S having index N, or
+**          the [prepared statement] S having index N, or
 **          NULL if there is no SQL parameter with index N or if the
 **          parameter with index N is an anonymous parameter "?".
 */
 const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
 
@@ -2723,65 +3053,59 @@
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13641} The [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(S,N)] interface returns
-**          the index of SQL parameter in [prepared statement]
+**          the index of SQL parameter in the [prepared statement]
 **          S whose name matches the UTF-8 string N, or 0 if there is
 **          no match.
 */
 int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement {F13660}
 **
-** Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not
-** reset the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a
-** [prepared statement].  Use this routine to
-** reset all host parameters to NULL.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F13661} The [sqlite3_clear_bindings(S)] interface resets all
-**          SQL parameter bindings in [prepared statement] S
-**          back to NULL.
+** Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
+** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
+** Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F13661} The [sqlite3_clear_bindings(S)] interface resets all SQL
+**          parameter bindings in the [prepared statement] S back to NULL.
 */
 int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set {F13710}
 **
 ** Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
-** [prepared statement]. This routine returns 0
-** if pStmt is an SQL statement that does not return data (for
-** example an UPDATE).
+** [prepared statement]. This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
+** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13711} The [sqlite3_column_count(S)] interface returns the number of
-**          columns in the result set generated by the
-**          [prepared statement] S, or 0 if S does not generate
-**          a result set.
+**          columns in the result set generated by the [prepared statement] S,
+**          or 0 if S does not generate a result set.
 */
 int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set {F13720}
 **
 ** These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
-** in the result set of a SELECT statement.  The sqlite3_column_name()
-** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF8 string
+** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  The sqlite3_column_name()
+** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
-** UTF16 string.  The first parameter is the
-** [prepared statement] that implements the SELECT statement.
-** The second parameter is the column number.  The left-most column is
-** number 0.
-**
-** The returned string pointer is valid until either the
-** [prepared statement] is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()]
-** or until the next call sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16()
-** on the same column.
+** UTF-16 string.  The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
+** that implements the [SELECT] statement. The second parameter is the
+** column number.  The leftmost column is number 0.
+**
+** The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
+** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the next call to
+** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
 **
 ** If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
 ** NULL pointer is returned.
 **
@@ -2791,139 +3115,127 @@
 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13721} A successful invocation of the [sqlite3_column_name(S,N)]
-**          interface returns the name
-**          of the Nth column (where 0 is the left-most column) for the
-**          result set of [prepared statement] S as a
-**          zero-terminated UTF-8 string.
+**          interface returns the name of the Nth column (where 0 is
+**          the leftmost column) for the result set of the
+**          [prepared statement] S as a zero-terminated UTF-8 string.
 **
 ** {F13723} A successful invocation of the [sqlite3_column_name16(S,N)]
-**          interface returns the name
-**          of the Nth column (where 0 is the left-most column) for the
-**          result set of [prepared statement] S as a
-**          zero-terminated UTF-16 string in the native byte order.
+**          interface returns the name of the Nth column (where 0 is
+**          the leftmost column) for the result set of the
+**          [prepared statement] S as a zero-terminated UTF-16 string
+**          in the native byte order.
 **
 ** {F13724} The [sqlite3_column_name()] and [sqlite3_column_name16()]
 **          interfaces return a NULL pointer if they are unable to
-**          allocate memory memory to hold there normal return strings.
+**          allocate memory to hold their normal return strings.
 **
 ** {F13725} If the N parameter to [sqlite3_column_name(S,N)] or
 **          [sqlite3_column_name16(S,N)] is out of range, then the
-**          interfaces returns a NULL pointer.
+**          interfaces return a NULL pointer.
 **
 ** {F13726} The strings returned by [sqlite3_column_name(S,N)] and
 **          [sqlite3_column_name16(S,N)] are valid until the next
 **          call to either routine with the same S and N parameters
 **          or until [sqlite3_finalize(S)] is called.
 **
 ** {F13727} When a result column of a [SELECT] statement contains
-**          an AS clause, the name of that column is the indentifier
+**          an AS clause, the name of that column is the identifier
 **          to the right of the AS keyword.
 */
 const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
 const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result {F13740}
 **
 ** These routines provide a means to determine what column of what
-** table in which database a result of a SELECT statement comes from.
+** table in which database a result of a [SELECT] statement comes from.
 ** The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
-** either a UTF8 or UTF16 string.  The _database_ routines return
+** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  The _database_ routines return
 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
-** The returned string is valid until
-** the [prepared statement] is destroyed using
-** [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
+** The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
+** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
 ** again in a different encoding.
 **
 ** The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
 ** database, table, and column.
 **
 ** The first argument to the following calls is a [prepared statement].
 ** These functions return information about the Nth column returned by
 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
 **
-** If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression
-** or subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions
-** return NULL.  These routine might also return NULL if a memory
-** allocation error occurs.  Otherwise, they return the
-** name of the attached database, table and column that query result
-** column was extracted from.
+** If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
+** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
+** NULL.  These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
+** occurs.  Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table
+** and column that query result column was extracted from.
 **
 ** As with all other SQLite APIs, those postfixed with "16" return
 ** UTF-16 encoded strings, the other functions return UTF-8. {END}
 **
 ** These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
-** SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA preprocessor symbol defined.
-**
-** {U13751}
+** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
+**
+** {A13751}
 ** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
 ** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
 ** undefined.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13741} The [sqlite3_column_database_name(S,N)] interface returns either
 **          the UTF-8 zero-terminated name of the database from which the
-**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
-**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
-**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
-**          to store the name.
+**          Nth result column of the [prepared statement] S is extracted,
+**          or NULL if the Nth column of S is a general expression
+**          or if unable to allocate memory to store the name.
 **
 ** {F13742} The [sqlite3_column_database_name16(S,N)] interface returns either
-**          the UTF-16 native byte order
-**          zero-terminated name of the database from which the
-**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
-**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
-**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
-**          to store the name.
+**          the UTF-16 native byte order zero-terminated name of the database
+**          from which the Nth result column of the [prepared statement] S is
+**          extracted, or NULL if the Nth column of S is a general expression
+**          or if unable to allocate memory to store the name.
 **
 ** {F13743} The [sqlite3_column_table_name(S,N)] interface returns either
 **          the UTF-8 zero-terminated name of the table from which the
-**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
-**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
-**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
-**          to store the name.
+**          Nth result column of the [prepared statement] S is extracted,
+**          or NULL if the Nth column of S is a general expression
+**          or if unable to allocate memory to store the name.
 **
 ** {F13744} The [sqlite3_column_table_name16(S,N)] interface returns either
-**          the UTF-16 native byte order
-**          zero-terminated name of the table from which the
-**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
-**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
-**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
-**          to store the name.
+**          the UTF-16 native byte order zero-terminated name of the table
+**          from which the Nth result column of the [prepared statement] S is
+**          extracted, or NULL if the Nth column of S is a general expression
+**          or if unable to allocate memory to store the name.
 **
 ** {F13745} The [sqlite3_column_origin_name(S,N)] interface returns either
 **          the UTF-8 zero-terminated name of the table column from which the
-**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
-**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
-**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
-**          to store the name.
+**          Nth result column of the [prepared statement] S is extracted,
+**          or NULL if the Nth column of S is a general expression
+**          or if unable to allocate memory to store the name.
 **
 ** {F13746} The [sqlite3_column_origin_name16(S,N)] interface returns either
-**          the UTF-16 native byte order
-**          zero-terminated name of the table column from which the
-**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
-**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
-**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
+**          the UTF-16 native byte order zero-terminated name of the table
+**          column from which the Nth result column of the
+**          [prepared statement] S is extracted, or NULL if the Nth column
+**          of S is a general expression or if unable to allocate memory
 **          to store the name.
 **
 ** {F13748} The return values from
-**          [sqlite3_column_database_name|column metadata interfaces]
-**          are valid
-**          for the lifetime of the [prepared statement]
+**          [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
+**          are valid for the lifetime of the [prepared statement]
 **          or until the encoding is changed by another metadata
 **          interface call for the same prepared statement and column.
 **
 ** LIMITATIONS:
 **
-** {U13751} If two or more threads call one or more
-**          [sqlite3_column_database_name|column metadata interfaces]
-**          the same [prepared statement] and result column
+** {A13751} If two or more threads call one or more
+**          [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
+**          for the same [prepared statement] and result column
 **          at the same time then the results are undefined.
 */
 const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
@@ -2933,27 +3245,27 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result {F13760}
 **
 ** The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
-** If this statement is a SELECT statement and the Nth column of the
-** returned result set of that SELECT is a table column (not an
+** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
+** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
 ** column is returned.  If the Nth column of the result set is an
 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
-** The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.  {END}
-** For example, in the database schema:
+** The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded. {END}
+**
+** For example, given the database schema:
 **
 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
 **
-** And the following statement compiled:
+** and the following statement to be compiled:
 **
 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
 **
-** Then this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second
-** result column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column
-** (i==0).
+** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
+** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).
 **
 ** SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  So just because a column
 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  Type
@@ -2960,77 +3272,73 @@
 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
 ** used to hold those values.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F13761}  A successful call to [sqlite3_column_decltype(S,N)]
-**           returns a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the
-**           the declared datatype of the table column that appears
-**           as the Nth column (numbered from 0) of the result set to the
-**           [prepared statement] S.
+** {F13761}  A successful call to [sqlite3_column_decltype(S,N)] returns a
+**           zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the declared datatype
+**           of the table column that appears as the Nth column (numbered
+**           from 0) of the result set to the [prepared statement] S.
 **
 ** {F13762}  A successful call to [sqlite3_column_decltype16(S,N)]
 **           returns a zero-terminated UTF-16 native byte order string
 **           containing the declared datatype of the table column that appears
 **           as the Nth column (numbered from 0) of the result set to the
 **           [prepared statement] S.
 **
 ** {F13763}  If N is less than 0 or N is greater than or equal to
-**           the number of columns in [prepared statement] S
+**           the number of columns in the [prepared statement] S,
 **           or if the Nth column of S is an expression or subquery rather
-**           than a table column or if a memory allocation failure
+**           than a table column, or if a memory allocation failure
 **           occurs during encoding conversions, then
 **           calls to [sqlite3_column_decltype(S,N)] or
 **           [sqlite3_column_decltype16(S,N)] return NULL.
 */
 const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Evaluate An SQL Statement {F13200}
-**
-** After an [prepared statement] has been prepared with a call
-** to either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or to one of
-** the legacy interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()],
-** then this function must be called one or more times to evaluate the
-** statement.
-**
-** The details of the behavior of this sqlite3_step() interface depend
+** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement {F13200}
+**
+** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
+** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
+** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
+**
+** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
 ** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
 ** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
 ** interface will continue to be supported.
 **
 ** In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
-** With the "v2" interface, any of the other [SQLITE_OK | result code]
-** or [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result code] might be returned as
-** well.
+** With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
+** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
 **
 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
-** database locks it needs to do its job.  If the statement is a COMMIT
+** database locks it needs to do its job.  If the statement is a [COMMIT]
 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
-** statement.  If the statement is not a COMMIT and occurs within a
+** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within a
 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
 ** continuing.
 **
 ** [SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
 ** machine back to its initial state.
 **
-** If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then
-** [SQLITE_ROW] is returned each time a new row of data is ready
-** for processing by the caller. The values may be accessed using
-** the [sqlite3_column_int | column access functions].
+** If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
+** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
+** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
 **
 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
-** With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (example:
+** With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
 ** [prepared statement].  In the "v2" interface,
 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
 **
@@ -3039,79 +3347,74 @@
 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
 **
-** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b>
-** In the legacy interface,
-** the sqlite3_step() API always returns a generic error code,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR], following any error other than [SQLITE_BUSY]
-** and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call [sqlite3_reset()] or
-** [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the specific
-** [error codes] that better describes the error.
+** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
+** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
+** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
+** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
+** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
 ** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
-** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()], then the
-** more specific [error codes] are returned directly
+** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
+** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F13202}  If [prepared statement] S is ready to be
-**           run, then [sqlite3_step(S)] advances that prepared statement
-**           until to completion or until it is ready to return another
-**           row of the result set or an interrupt or run-time error occurs.
-**
-** {F15304}  When a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] causes the
-**           [prepared statement] S to run to completion,
-**           the function returns [SQLITE_DONE].
-**
-** {F15306}  When a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] stops because it is ready
-**           to return another row of the result set, it returns
-**           [SQLITE_ROW].
+** {F13202}  If the [prepared statement] S is ready to be run, then
+**           [sqlite3_step(S)] advances that prepared statement until
+**           completion or until it is ready to return another row of the
+**           result set, or until an [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt]
+**           or a run-time error occurs.
+**
+** {F15304}  When a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] causes the [prepared statement]
+**           S to run to completion, the function returns [SQLITE_DONE].
+**
+** {F15306}  When a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] stops because it is ready to
+**           return another row of the result set, it returns [SQLITE_ROW].
 **
 ** {F15308}  If a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] encounters an
-**           [sqlite3_interrupt|interrupt] or a run-time error,
-**           it returns an appropraite error code that is not one of
+**           [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt] or a run-time error,
+**           it returns an appropriate error code that is not one of
 **           [SQLITE_OK], [SQLITE_ROW], or [SQLITE_DONE].
 **
-** {F15310}  If an [sqlite3_interrupt|interrupt] or run-time error
+** {F15310}  If an [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt] or a run-time error
 **           occurs during a call to [sqlite3_step(S)]
 **           for a [prepared statement] S created using
 **           legacy interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or
-**           [sqlite3_prepare16()] then the function returns either
+**           [sqlite3_prepare16()], then the function returns either
 **           [SQLITE_ERROR], [SQLITE_BUSY], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
 */
 int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set {F13770}
 **
-** Return the number of values in the current row of the result set.
-**
-** INVARIANTS:
-**
-** {F13771}  After a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] that returns
-**           [SQLITE_ROW], the [sqlite3_data_count(S)] routine
-**           will return the same value as the
-**           [sqlite3_column_count(S)] function.
+** Returns the number of values in the current row of the result set.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F13771}  After a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] that returns [SQLITE_ROW],
+**           the [sqlite3_data_count(S)] routine will return the same value
+**           as the [sqlite3_column_count(S)] function.
 **
 ** {F13772}  After [sqlite3_step(S)] has returned any value other than
-**           [SQLITE_ROW] or before [sqlite3_step(S)] has been
-**           called on the [prepared statement] for
-**           the first time since it was [sqlite3_prepare|prepared]
-**           or [sqlite3_reset|reset], the [sqlite3_data_count(S)]
-**           routine returns zero.
+**           [SQLITE_ROW] or before [sqlite3_step(S)] has been called on the
+**           [prepared statement] for the first time since it was
+**           [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] or [sqlite3_reset | reset],
+**           the [sqlite3_data_count(S)] routine returns zero.
 */
 int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes {F10265}
 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
 **
-** {F10266}Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
+** {F10266} Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
 **
 ** <ul>
 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
 ** <li> string
@@ -3121,11 +3424,11 @@
 **
 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
 **
 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
-** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT not
+** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
 */
 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
@@ -3136,37 +3439,35 @@
 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
 #endif
 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF: Results Values From A Query {F13800}
+** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query {F13800}
+** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
 **
 ** These routines form the "result set query" interface.
 **
-** These routines return information about
-** a single column of the current result row of a query.  In every
-** case the first argument is a pointer to the
-** [prepared statement] that is being
-** evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*] that was returned from
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants) and
-** the second argument is the index of the column for which information
-** should be returned.  The left-most column of the result set
-** has an index of 0.
-**
-** If the SQL statement is not currently point to a valid row, or if the
-** the column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
+** These routines return information about a single column of the current
+** result row of a query.  In every case the first argument is a pointer
+** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
+** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
+** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
+** should be returned.  The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
+**
+** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
+** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
-** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] has been call subsequently.
+** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
 **
-** The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns
+** The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
 ** of the result column.  The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
 ** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
 ** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
@@ -3185,11 +3486,11 @@
 ** of the string.  For clarity: the value returned is the number of
 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
 **
 ** Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
 ** even empty strings, are always zero terminated.  The return
-** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length blob is an arbitrary
+** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is an arbitrary
 ** pointer, possibly even a NULL pointer.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_column_bytes16() routine is similar to sqlite3_column_bytes()
 ** but leaves the result in UTF-16 in native byte order instead of UTF-8.
 ** The zero terminator is not included in this count.
@@ -3197,19 +3498,18 @@
 ** The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
 ** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
-** to routines like
-** [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or [sqlite3_value_bytes()],
-** then the behavior is undefined.
+** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
+** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
 **
 ** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  For
 ** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
-** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to do the conversion
-** automatically.  The following table details the conversions that
-** are applied:
+** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
+** conversion automatically.  The following table details the conversions
+** that are applied:
 **
 ** <blockquote>
 ** <table border="1">
 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
 **
@@ -3217,11 +3517,11 @@
 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
-** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as for INTEGER->TEXT
+** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
@@ -3232,11 +3532,11 @@
 ** </table>
 ** </blockquote>
 **
 ** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
 ** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
-** on equavalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
+** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
 ** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
 ** C programmers.
 **
 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
@@ -3243,49 +3543,48 @@
 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
 ** in the following cases:
 **
 ** <ul>
-** <li><p>  The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text()
-**          or sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
-**          need to be added to the string.</p></li>
-**
-** <li><p>  The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
-**          sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
-**          to UTF-16.</p></li>
-**
-** <li><p>  The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
-**          sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
-**          to UTF-8.</p></li>
+** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
+**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
+**      need to be added to the string.</li>
+** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
+**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
+**      to UTF-16.</li>
+** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
+**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
+**      to UTF-8.</li>
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
 ** that the prior pointer points to will have been modified.  Other kinds
-** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometime it is
-** not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
+** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
+** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
 **
 ** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
 ** in one of the following ways:
 **
-**  <ul>
+** <ul>
 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
-**  </ul>
-**
-** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(), sqlite3_column_blob(),
-** or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result into the desired
-** format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or sqlite3_column_bytes16() to
-** find the size of the result.  Do not mix call to sqlite3_column_text() or
-** sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes16().  And do not
-** mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16() with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
+** </ul>
+**
+** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
+** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
+** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
+** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
+** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
+** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
+** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
 **
 ** The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  The memory space used to hold strings
-** and blobs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
+** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
 ** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
 ** [sqlite3_free()].
 **
 ** If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
 ** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
@@ -3295,15 +3594,15 @@
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13803} The [sqlite3_column_blob(S,N)] interface converts the
 **          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
-**          [prepared statement] S into a blob and then returns a
+**          the [prepared statement] S into a BLOB and then returns a
 **          pointer to the converted value.
 **
 ** {F13806} The [sqlite3_column_bytes(S,N)] interface returns the
-**          number of bytes in the blob or string (exclusive of the
+**          number of bytes in the BLOB or string (exclusive of the
 **          zero terminator on the string) that was returned by the
 **          most recent call to [sqlite3_column_blob(S,N)] or
 **          [sqlite3_column_text(S,N)].
 **
 ** {F13809} The [sqlite3_column_bytes16(S,N)] interface returns the
@@ -3310,45 +3609,45 @@
 **          number of bytes in the string (exclusive of the
 **          zero terminator on the string) that was returned by the
 **          most recent call to [sqlite3_column_text16(S,N)].
 **
 ** {F13812} The [sqlite3_column_double(S,N)] interface converts the
-**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
+**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for the
 **          [prepared statement] S into a floating point value and
 **          returns a copy of that value.
 **
 ** {F13815} The [sqlite3_column_int(S,N)] interface converts the
-**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
+**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for the
 **          [prepared statement] S into a 64-bit signed integer and
 **          returns the lower 32 bits of that integer.
 **
 ** {F13818} The [sqlite3_column_int64(S,N)] interface converts the
-**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
+**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for the
 **          [prepared statement] S into a 64-bit signed integer and
 **          returns a copy of that integer.
 **
 ** {F13821} The [sqlite3_column_text(S,N)] interface converts the
 **          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
-**          [prepared statement] S into a zero-terminated UTF-8
+**          the [prepared statement] S into a zero-terminated UTF-8
 **          string and returns a pointer to that string.
 **
 ** {F13824} The [sqlite3_column_text16(S,N)] interface converts the
-**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
+**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for the
 **          [prepared statement] S into a zero-terminated 2-byte
-**          aligned UTF-16 native byte order
-**          string and returns a pointer to that string.
+**          aligned UTF-16 native byte order string and returns
+**          a pointer to that string.
 **
 ** {F13827} The [sqlite3_column_type(S,N)] interface returns
 **          one of [SQLITE_NULL], [SQLITE_INTEGER], [SQLITE_FLOAT],
 **          [SQLITE_TEXT], or [SQLITE_BLOB] as appropriate for
 **          the Nth column in the current row of the result set for
-**          [prepared statement] S.
+**          the [prepared statement] S.
 **
 ** {F13830} The [sqlite3_column_value(S,N)] interface returns a
 **          pointer to an [unprotected sqlite3_value] object for the
 **          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
-**          [prepared statement] S.
+**          the [prepared statement] S.
 */
 const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
@@ -3360,22 +3659,20 @@
 sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object {F13300}
 **
-** The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a
-** [prepared statement]. If the statement was
-** executed successfully, or not executed at all, then SQLITE_OK is returned.
-** If execution of the statement failed then an
-** [error code] or [extended error code]
-** is returned.
+** The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
+** If the statement was executed successfully or not executed at all, then
+** SQLITE_OK is returned. If execution of the statement failed then an
+** [error code] or [extended error code] is returned.
 **
 ** This routine can be called at any point during the execution of the
 ** [prepared statement].  If the virtual machine has not
 ** completed execution when this routine is called, that is like
-** encountering an error or an interrupt.  (See [sqlite3_interrupt()].)
-** Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions cancelled,
+** encountering an error or an [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt].
+** Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions canceled,
 ** depending on the circumstances, and the
 ** [error code] returned will be [SQLITE_ABORT].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
@@ -3390,56 +3687,56 @@
 int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object {F13330}
 **
-** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a
-** [prepared statement] object.
-** back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
+** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
+** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
 ** Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
 **
 ** {F11332} The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
 **          back to the beginning of its program.
 **
-** {F11334} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for
+** {F11334} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
 **          [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
 **          or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
 **          then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
 **
-** {F11336} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for
+** {F11336} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
 **          [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
 **          [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
 **
 ** {F11338} The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
-**          of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on [prepared statement] S.
+**          of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
 */
 int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions {F16100}
 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
-**
-** These two functions (collectively known as
-** "function creation routines") are used to add SQL functions or aggregates
-** or to redefine the behavior of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The
-** difference only between the two is that the second parameter, the
-** name of the (scalar) function or aggregate, is encoded in UTF-8 for
-** sqlite3_create_function() and UTF-16 for sqlite3_create_function16().
+** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
+** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
+**
+** These two functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
+** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
+** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only difference between the
+** two is that the second parameter, the name of the (scalar) function or
+** aggregate, is encoded in UTF-8 for sqlite3_create_function() and UTF-16
+** for sqlite3_create_function16().
 **
 ** The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
-** function is to be added.  If a single
-** program uses more than one [database connection] internally, then SQL
-** functions must be added individually to each [database connection].
-**
-** The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created
-** or redefined.
-** The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes, exclusive of the
-** zero-terminator.  Note that the name length limit is in bytes, not
+** function is to be added.  If a single program uses more than one database
+** connection internally, then SQL functions must be added individually to
+** each database connection.
+**
+** The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
+** redefined.  The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes, exclusive of
+** the zero-terminator.  Note that the name length limit is in bytes, not
 ** characters.  Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
-** will result in an SQLITE_ERROR error.
+** will result in [SQLITE_ERROR] being returned.
 **
 ** The third parameter is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
 ** aggregate takes. If this parameter is negative, then the SQL function or
 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments.
 **
@@ -3450,46 +3747,42 @@
 ** more efficient with one encoding than another.  It is allowed to
 ** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
 ** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
 ** When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
-** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what
-** text encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be
-** [SQLITE_ANY].
-**
-** The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation
-** of the function can gain access to this pointer using
-** [sqlite3_user_data()].
+** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
+** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
+**
+** The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
+** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].
 **
 ** The seventh, eighth and ninth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
-** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL
-** function or aggregate. A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of
-** the xFunc callback only, NULL pointers should be passed as the xStep
-** and xFinal parameters. An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation
-** of xStep and xFinal and NULL should be passed for xFunc. To delete an
-** existing SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL for all three function
-** callback.
+** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
+** aggregate. A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
+** callback only, NULL pointers should be passed as the xStep and xFinal
+** parameters. An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
+** and xFinal and NULL should be passed for xFunc. To delete an existing
+** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL for all three function callbacks.
 **
 ** It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
-** arguments or differing perferred text encodings.  SQLite will use
+** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  SQLite will use
 ** the implementation most closely matches the way in which the
 ** SQL function is used.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F16103} The [sqlite3_create_function16()] interface behaves exactly
 **          like [sqlite3_create_function()] in every way except that it
-**          interprets the zFunctionName argument as
-**          zero-terminated UTF-16 native byte order instead of as a
-**          zero-terminated UTF-8.
+**          interprets the zFunctionName argument as zero-terminated UTF-16
+**          native byte order instead of as zero-terminated UTF-8.
 **
 ** {F16106} A successful invocation of
 **          the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,...)] interface registers
-**          or replaces callback functions in [database connection] D
+**          or replaces callback functions in the [database connection] D
 **          used to implement the SQL function named X with N parameters
-**          and having a perferred text encoding of E.
+**          and having a preferred text encoding of E.
 **
 ** {F16109} A successful call to [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
 **          replaces the P, F, S, and L values from any prior calls with
 **          the same D, X, N, and E values.
 **
@@ -3529,11 +3822,11 @@
 **          the same number of arguments N but with different
 **          encodings E, then the implementation where E matches the
 **          database encoding is preferred.
 **
 ** {F16139} For an aggregate SQL function created using
-**          [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,0,S,L)] the finializer
+**          [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,0,S,L)] the finalizer
 **          function L will always be invoked exactly once if the
 **          step function S is called one or more times.
 **
 ** {F16142} When SQLite invokes either the xFunc or xStep function of
 **          an application-defined SQL function or aggregate created
@@ -3608,46 +3901,44 @@
 **
 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
 ** object results in undefined behavior.
 **
-** These routines work just like the corresponding
-** [sqlite3_column_blob | sqlite3_column_* routines] except that
-** these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object pointer
-** instead of an [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
-**
-** The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF16 string
+** These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
+** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
+** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
+**
+** The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  The
 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
-** extract UTF16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
+** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
-** words if the value is a string that looks like a number)
-** then the conversion is done.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.  The
-** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.
-**
-** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer that
-** is returned from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
+** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
+** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
+** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.
+**
+** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
+** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
 **
 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
 **
-**
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F15103} The [sqlite3_value_blob(V)] interface converts the
-**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a blob and then returns a
-**          pointer to the converted value.
+**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a BLOB and then
+**          returns a pointer to the converted value.
 **
 ** {F15106} The [sqlite3_value_bytes(V)] interface returns the
-**          number of bytes in the blob or string (exclusive of the
+**          number of bytes in the BLOB or string (exclusive of the
 **          zero terminator on the string) that was returned by the
 **          most recent call to [sqlite3_value_blob(V)] or
 **          [sqlite3_value_text(V)].
 **
 ** {F15109} The [sqlite3_value_bytes16(V)] interface returns the
@@ -3695,12 +3986,12 @@
 ** {F15136} The [sqlite3_value_numeric_type(V)] interface converts
 **          the [protected sqlite3_value] object V into either an integer or
 **          a floating point value if it can do so without loss of
 **          information, and returns one of [SQLITE_NULL],
 **          [SQLITE_INTEGER], [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], or
-**          [SQLITE_BLOB] as appropriate for
-**          the [protected sqlite3_value] object V after the conversion attempt.
+**          [SQLITE_BLOB] as appropriate for the
+**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V after the conversion attempt.
 */
 const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
 int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
 int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
@@ -3716,36 +4007,34 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context {F16210}
 **
 ** The implementation of aggregate SQL functions use this routine to allocate
 ** a structure for storing their state.
-** The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context() routine is
-** is called for a particular aggregate, SQLite allocates nBytes of memory
-** zeros that memory, and returns a pointer to it.
-** On second and subsequent calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context()
-** for the same aggregate function index, the same buffer is returned.
-** The implementation
-** of the aggregate can use the returned buffer to accumulate data.
+**
+** The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context() routine is called for a
+** particular aggregate, SQLite allocates nBytes of memory, zeroes out that
+** memory, and returns a pointer to it. On second and subsequent calls to
+** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function index,
+** the same buffer is returned. The implementation of the aggregate can use
+** the returned buffer to accumulate data.
 **
 ** SQLite automatically frees the allocated buffer when the aggregate
 ** query concludes.
 **
 ** The first parameter should be a copy of the
-** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first
-** parameter to the callback routine that implements the aggregate
-** function.
+** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
+** to the callback routine that implements the aggregate function.
 **
 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F16211} The first invocation of [sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N)] for
 **          a particular instance of an aggregate function (for a particular
-**          context C) causes SQLite to allocation N bytes of memory,
-**          zero that memory, and return a pointer to the allocationed
-**          memory.
+**          context C) causes SQLite to allocate N bytes of memory,
+**          zero that memory, and return a pointer to the allocated memory.
 **
 ** {F16213} If a memory allocation error occurs during
 **          [sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N)] then the function returns 0.
 **
 ** {F16215} Second and subsequent invocations of
@@ -3763,11 +4052,11 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions {F16240}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
-** of the the [sqlite3_create_function()]
+** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
 ** registered the application defined function. {END}
 **
 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
 ** the application-defined function is running.
@@ -3775,72 +4064,68 @@
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F16243} The [sqlite3_user_data(C)] interface returns a copy of the
 **          P pointer from the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
 **          or [sqlite3_create_function16(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)] call that
-**          registered the SQL function associated with
-**          [sqlite3_context] C.
+**          registered the SQL function associated with [sqlite3_context] C.
 */
 void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions {F16250}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
-** of the the [sqlite3_create_function()]
+** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
 ** registered the application defined function.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F16253} The [sqlite3_context_db_handle(C)] interface returns a copy of the
 **          D pointer from the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
 **          or [sqlite3_create_function16(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)] call that
-**          registered the SQL function associated with
-**          [sqlite3_context] C.
+**          registered the SQL function associated with [sqlite3_context] C.
 */
 sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data {F16270}
 **
 ** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
-** associate meta-data with argument values. If the same value is passed to
+** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
 ** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
-** some circumstances the associated meta-data may be preserved. This may
+** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
 ** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
-** meta-data associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
+** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
 ** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
 ** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
 ** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
 **
-** The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the meta-data
+** The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
-** value to the application-defined function.
-** If no meta-data has been ever been set for the Nth
-** argument of the function, or if the cooresponding function parameter
-** has changed since the meta-data was set, then sqlite3_get_auxdata()
-** returns a NULL pointer.
-**
-** The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the meta-data
-** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the meta-data for the N-th
+** value to the application-defined function. If no metadata has been ever
+** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
+** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
+** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
+**
+** The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
+** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
 ** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
 ** not been destroyed.
 ** If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
 ** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
-** the meta-data when the corresponding function parameter changes
+** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
 ** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
 **
-** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop meta-data on
-** any parameter of any function at any time.  The only guarantee
-** is that the destructor will be called before the metadata is
-** dropped.
-**
-** In practice, meta-data is preserved between function calls for
+** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
+** parameter of any function at any time.  The only guarantee is that
+** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
+**
+** In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
 ** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
 ** values and SQL variables.
 **
 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
 ** the SQL function is running.
@@ -3851,12 +4136,11 @@
 **          to metadata associated with the Nth parameter of the SQL function
 **          whose context is C, or NULL if there is no metadata associated
 **          with that parameter.
 **
 ** {F16274} The [sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,D)] interface assigns a metadata
-**          pointer P to the Nth parameter of the SQL function with context
-**          C.
+**          pointer P to the Nth parameter of the SQL function with context C.
 **
 ** {F16276} SQLite will invoke the destructor D with a single argument
 **          which is the metadata pointer P following a call to
 **          [sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,D)] when SQLite ceases to hold
 **          the metadata.
@@ -3877,11 +4161,11 @@
 
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior {F10280}
 **
-** These are special value for the destructor that is passed in as the
+** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  If the destructor
 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  The
 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
@@ -3900,56 +4184,54 @@
 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
 ** for additional information.
 **
-** These functions work very much like the
-** [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*] family of functions used
-** to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
-** Refer to the
-** [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_* documentation] for
-** additional information.
+** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
+** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
+** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
-** an application defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
+** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
 ** third parameter.
-** The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() inerfaces set the result of
-** the application defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
+**
+** The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
+** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
 ** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
-** an application defined function to be a floating point value specified
+** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
 ** by its 2nd argument.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
 ** SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
 ** as the text of an error message.  SQLite interprets the error
-** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF8. SQLite
-** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF16 in native
+** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. SQLite
+** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
 ** byte order.  If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
 ** If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
 ** The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
-** routines make a copy private copy of the error message text before
+** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
 ** The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  By default,
 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
 **
-** The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite
-** to throw an error indicating that a string or BLOB is to long
-** to represent.  The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface
-** causes SQLite to throw an exception indicating that the a
-** memory allocation failed.
+** The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
+** indicating that a string or BLOB is to long to represent.
+**
+** The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
+** indicating that a memory allocation failed.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
 ** The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
@@ -3973,55 +4255,54 @@
 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
 ** function result.
 ** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
-** function as the destructor on the text or blob result when it has
+** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
 ** finished using that result.
-** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
-** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then
-** SQLite assumes that the text or blob result is constant space and
-** does not copy the space or call a destructor when it has
-** finished using that result.
+** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or
+** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
+** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
+** copy the it or call a destructor when it has finished using that result.
 ** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
 **
 ** The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
 ** the application-defined function to be a copy the
 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  The
 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
-** so that [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
+** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
 ** A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
 **
 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
-** than the one containing the application-defined function that recieved
+** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F16403} The default return value from any SQL function is NULL.
 **
 ** {F16406} The [sqlite3_result_blob(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be a blob that is N bytes
+**          return value of function C to be a BLOB that is N bytes
 **          in length and with content pointed to by V.
 **
 ** {F16409} The [sqlite3_result_double(C,V)] interface changes the
 **          return value of function C to be the floating point value V.
 **
 ** {F16412} The [sqlite3_result_error(C,V,N)] interface changes the return
 **          value of function C to be an exception with error code
-**          [SQLITE_ERROR] and a UTF8 error message copied from V up to the
+**          [SQLITE_ERROR] and a UTF-8 error message copied from V up to the
 **          first zero byte or until N bytes are read if N is positive.
 **
 ** {F16415} The [sqlite3_result_error16(C,V,N)] interface changes the return
 **          value of function C to be an exception with error code
-**          [SQLITE_ERROR] and a UTF16 native byte order error message
+**          [SQLITE_ERROR] and a UTF-16 native byte order error message
 **          copied from V up to the first zero terminator or until N bytes
 **          are read if N is positive.
 **
 ** {F16418} The [sqlite3_result_error_toobig(C)] interface changes the return
 **          value of the function C to be an exception with error code
@@ -4043,35 +4324,35 @@
 **
 ** {F16433} The [sqlite3_result_null(C)] interface changes the
 **          return value of function C to be NULL.
 **
 ** {F16436} The [sqlite3_result_text(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be the UTF8 string
+**          return value of function C to be the UTF-8 string
 **          V up to the first zero if N is negative
 **          or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
 **
 ** {F16439} The [sqlite3_result_text16(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be the UTF16 native byte order
-**          string V up to the first zero if N is
-**          negative or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
+**          return value of function C to be the UTF-16 native byte order
+**          string V up to the first zero if N is negative
+**          or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
 **
 ** {F16442} The [sqlite3_result_text16be(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be the UTF16 big-endian
-**          string V up to the first zero if N is
-**          is negative or the first N bytes or V if N is non-negative.
+**          return value of function C to be the UTF-16 big-endian
+**          string V up to the first zero if N is negative
+**          or the first N bytes or V if N is non-negative.
 **
 ** {F16445} The [sqlite3_result_text16le(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be the UTF16 little-endian
-**          string V up to the first zero if N is
-**          negative or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
+**          return value of function C to be the UTF-16 little-endian
+**          string V up to the first zero if N is negative
+**          or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
 **
 ** {F16448} The [sqlite3_result_value(C,V)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be [unprotected sqlite3_value]
+**          return value of function C to be the [unprotected sqlite3_value]
 **          object V.
 **
 ** {F16451} The [sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N)] interface changes the
-**          return value of function C to be an N-byte blob of all zeros.
+**          return value of function C to be an N-byte BLOB of all zeros.
 **
 ** {F16454} The [sqlite3_result_error()] and [sqlite3_result_error16()]
 **          interfaces make a copy of their error message strings before
 **          returning.
 **
@@ -4116,56 +4397,54 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences {F16600}
 **
 ** These functions are used to add new collation sequences to the
-** [sqlite3*] handle specified as the first argument.
+** [database connection] specified as the first argument.
 **
 ** The name of the new collation sequence is specified as a UTF-8 string
 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
 ** and a UTF-16 string for sqlite3_create_collation16(). In all cases
 ** the name is passed as the second function argument.
 **
 ** The third argument may be one of the constants [SQLITE_UTF8],
 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] or [SQLITE_UTF16BE], indicating that the user-supplied
 ** routine expects to be passed pointers to strings encoded using UTF-8,
-** UTF-16 little-endian or UTF-16 big-endian respectively. The
+** UTF-16 little-endian, or UTF-16 big-endian, respectively. The
 ** third argument might also be [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] to indicate that
 ** the routine expects pointers to 16-bit word aligned strings
-** of UTF16 in the native byte order of the host computer.
+** of UTF-16 in the native byte order of the host computer.
 **
 ** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
 ** argument.  If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
 ** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it anymore).
-** Each time the application
-** supplied function is invoked, it is passed a copy of the void* passed as
-** the fourth argument to sqlite3_create_collation() or
-** sqlite3_create_collation16() as its first parameter.
+** Each time the application supplied function is invoked, it is passed
+** as its first parameter a copy of the void* passed as the fourth argument
+** to sqlite3_create_collation() or sqlite3_create_collation16().
 **
 ** The remaining arguments to the application-supplied routine are two strings,
 ** each represented by a (length, data) pair and encoded in the encoding
 ** that was passed as the third argument when the collation sequence was
-** registered. {END} The application defined collation routine should
-** return negative, zero or positive if
-** the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second
-** string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
+** registered. {END}  The application defined collation routine should
+** return negative, zero or positive if the first string is less than,
+** equal to, or greater than the second string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
 **
 ** The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
-** excapt that it takes an extra argument which is a destructor for
+** except that it takes an extra argument which is a destructor for
 ** the collation.  The destructor is called when the collation is
 ** destroyed and is passed a copy of the fourth parameter void* pointer
 ** of the sqlite3_create_collation_v2().
-** Collations are destroyed when
-** they are overridden by later calls to the collation creation functions
-** or when the [sqlite3*] database handle is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
+** Collations are destroyed when they are overridden by later calls to the
+** collation creation functions or when the [database connection] is closed
+** using [sqlite3_close()].
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F16603} A successful call to the
 **          [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)] interface
 **          registers function F as the comparison function used to
-**          implement collation X on [database connection] B for
+**          implement collation X on the [database connection] B for
 **          databases having encoding E.
 **
 ** {F16604} SQLite understands the X parameter to
 **          [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)] as a zero-terminated
 **          UTF-8 string in which case is ignored for ASCII characters and
@@ -4173,11 +4452,11 @@
 **
 ** {F16606} Successive calls to [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)]
 **          with the same values for B, X, and E, override prior values
 **          of P, F, and D.
 **
-** {F16609} The destructor D in [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)]
+** {F16609} If the destructor D in [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)]
 **          is not NULL then it is called with argument P when the
 **          collating function is dropped by SQLite.
 **
 ** {F16612} A collating function is dropped when it is overloaded.
 **
@@ -4192,12 +4471,12 @@
 **          the same as a call to [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()] with
 **          the same parameters and a NULL destructor.
 **
 ** {F16624} Following a [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)],
 **          SQLite uses the comparison function F for all text comparison
-**          operations on [database connection] B on text values that
-**          use the collating sequence name X.
+**          operations on the [database connection] B on text values that
+**          use the collating sequence named X.
 **
 ** {F16627} The [sqlite3_create_collation16(B,X,E,P,F)] works the same
 **          as [sqlite3_create_collation(B,X,E,P,F)] except that the
 **          collation name X is understood as UTF-16 in native byte order
 **          instead of UTF-8.
@@ -4222,11 +4501,11 @@
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
 );
 int sqlite3_create_collation16(
   sqlite3*,
-  const char *zName,
+  const void *zName,
   int eTextRep,
   void*,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 );
 
@@ -4233,26 +4512,25 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks {F16700}
 **
 ** To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
-** database handle to be called whenever an undefined collation sequence is
-** required.
+** [database connection] to be called whenever an undefined collation
+** sequence is required.
 **
 ** If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
-** encoded in UTF-8. {F16703} If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used, the names
-** are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order. A call to either
-** function replaces any existing callback.
+** encoded in UTF-8. {F16703} If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
+** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
+** A call to either function replaces any existing callback.
 **
 ** When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
-** handle.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8],
-** [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most
-** desirable form of the collation sequence function required.
-** The fourth parameter is the name of the
+** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
+** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
+** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
 ** required collation sequence.
 **
 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
@@ -4273,12 +4551,10 @@
 ** {F16706} The name of the requested collating function passed in the
 **          4th parameter to the callback is in UTF-8 if the callback
 **          was registered using [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and
 **          is in UTF-16 native byte order if the callback was
 **          registered using [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
-**
-**
 */
 int sqlite3_collation_needed(
   sqlite3*,
   void*,
   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
@@ -4313,14 +4589,13 @@
   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
 );
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Suspend Execution For A Short Time {F10530}
-**
-** The sqlite3_sleep() function
-** causes the current thread to suspend execution
+** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time {F10530}
+**
+** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
 **
 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
@@ -4341,39 +4616,40 @@
 **          system, which might be larger than the parameter M.
 */
 int sqlite3_sleep(int);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files {F10310}
+** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files {F10310}
 **
 ** If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
-** the name of a folder (a.ka. directory), then all temporary files
+** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
 ** created by SQLite will be placed in that directory.  If this variable
-** is NULL pointer, then SQLite does a search for an appropriate temporary
-** file directory.
-**
-** It is not safe to modify this variable once a database connection
+** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
+** temporary file directory.
+**
+** It is not safe to modify this variable once a [database connection]
 ** has been opened.  It is intended that this variable be set once
 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
 ** routines have been call and remain unchanged thereafter.
 */
 SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Test To See If The Database Is In Auto-Commit Mode {F12930}
-**
-** The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interfaces returns non-zero or
+** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Database Is In Auto-Commit Mode {F12930}
+** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
+**
+** The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
-** respectively.   Autocommit mode is on
-** by default.  Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
-** Autocommit mode is reenabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
+** respectively.  Autocommit mode is on by default.
+** Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
+** Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
 **
 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
-** transactions (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
+** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
-** find out if SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
+** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
 ** an error is to use this function.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12931} The [sqlite3_get_autocommit(D)] interface returns non-zero or
@@ -4385,38 +4661,65 @@
 ** {F12933} Autocommit mode is disabled by a successful [BEGIN] statement.
 **
 ** {F12934} Autocommit mode is enabled by a successful [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK]
 **          statement.
 **
-**
 ** LIMITATIONS:
-***
-** {U12936} If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
+**
+** {A12936} If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
 **          connection while this routine is running, then the return value
 **          is undefined.
 */
 int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement {F13120}
-**
-** The sqlite3_db_handle interface
-** returns the [sqlite3*] database handle to which a
-** [prepared statement] belongs.
-** The database handle returned by sqlite3_db_handle
-** is the same database handle that was
-** the first argument to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants
-** that was used to create the statement in the first place.
+** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement {F13120}
+**
+** The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
+** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  The database handle returned by
+** sqlite3_db_handle is the same database handle that was the first argument
+** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
+** create the statement in the first place.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F13123} The [sqlite3_db_handle(S)] interface returns a pointer
-**          to the [database connection] associated with
+**          to the [database connection] associated with the
 **          [prepared statement] S.
 */
 sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement {F13140}
+**
+** This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
+** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  If pStmt is NULL
+** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
+** associated with the database connection pDb.  If no prepared statement
+** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
+**
+** INVARIANTS:
+**
+** {F13143} If D is a [database connection] that holds one or more
+**          unfinalized [prepared statements] and S is a NULL pointer,
+**          then [sqlite3_next_stmt(D, S)] routine shall return a pointer
+**          to one of the prepared statements associated with D.
+**
+** {F13146} If D is a [database connection] that holds no unfinalized
+**          [prepared statements] and S is a NULL pointer, then
+**          [sqlite3_next_stmt(D, S)] routine shall return a NULL pointer.
+**
+** {F13149} If S is a [prepared statement] in the [database connection] D
+**          and S is not the last prepared statement in D, then
+**          [sqlite3_next_stmt(D, S)] routine shall return a pointer
+**          to the next prepared statement in D after S.
+**
+** {F13152} If S is the last [prepared statement] in the
+**          [database connection] D then the [sqlite3_next_stmt(D, S)]
+**          routine shall return a NULL pointer.
+*/
+sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks {F12950}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
@@ -4425,13 +4728,13 @@
 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
 ** The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is committed.
 ** Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
-** The pArg argument is passed through
-** to the callback.  If the callback on a commit hook function
-** returns non-zero, then the commit is converted into a rollback.
+** The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
+** If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
+** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
 **
 ** If another function was previously registered, its
 ** pArg value is returned.  Otherwise NULL is returned.
 **
 ** Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
@@ -4449,82 +4752,78 @@
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F12951} The [sqlite3_commit_hook(D,F,P)] interface registers the
 **          callback function F to be invoked with argument P whenever
-**          a transaction commits on [database connection] D.
-**
-** {F12952} The [sqlite3_commit_hook(D,F,P)] interface returns the P
-**          argument from the previous call with the same
-**          [database connection ] D , or NULL on the first call
-**          for a particular [database connection] D.
+**          a transaction commits on the [database connection] D.
+**
+** {F12952} The [sqlite3_commit_hook(D,F,P)] interface returns the P argument
+**          from the previous call with the same [database connection] D,
+**          or NULL on the first call for a particular database connection D.
 **
 ** {F12953} Each call to [sqlite3_commit_hook()] overwrites the callback
 **          registered by prior calls.
 **
 ** {F12954} If the F argument to [sqlite3_commit_hook(D,F,P)] is NULL
-**          then the commit hook callback is cancelled and no callback
+**          then the commit hook callback is canceled and no callback
 **          is invoked when a transaction commits.
 **
 ** {F12955} If the commit callback returns non-zero then the commit is
 **          converted into a rollback.
 **
 ** {F12961} The [sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,F,P)] interface registers the
 **          callback function F to be invoked with argument P whenever
-**          a transaction rolls back on [database connection] D.
+**          a transaction rolls back on the [database connection] D.
 **
 ** {F12962} The [sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,F,P)] interface returns the P
 **          argument from the previous call with the same
-**          [database connection ] D , or NULL on the first call
-**          for a particular [database connection] D.
+**          [database connection] D, or NULL on the first call
+**          for a particular database connection D.
 **
 ** {F12963} Each call to [sqlite3_rollback_hook()] overwrites the callback
 **          registered by prior calls.
 **
 ** {F12964} If the F argument to [sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,F,P)] is NULL
-**          then the rollback hook callback is cancelled and no callback
+**          then the rollback hook callback is canceled and no callback
 **          is invoked when a transaction rolls back.
 */
 void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
 void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks {F12970}
 **
-** The sqlite3_update_hook() interface
-** registers a callback function with the database connection identified by the
-** first argument to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
-** Any callback set by a previous call to this function for the same
-** database connection is overridden.
+** The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
+** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
+** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
+** Any callback set by a previous call to this function
+** for the same database connection is overridden.
 **
 ** The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
-** The first argument to the callback is
-** a copy of the third argument to sqlite3_update_hook().
-** The second callback
-** argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE],
-** depending on the operation that caused the callback to be invoked.
-** The third and
-** fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the database and
-** table name containing the affected row.
-** The final callback parameter is
-** the rowid of the row.
-** In the case of an update, this is the rowid after
-** the update takes place.
+** The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
+** to sqlite3_update_hook().
+** The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
+** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
+** to be invoked.
+** The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
+** database and table name containing the affected row.
+** The final callback parameter is the rowid of the row. In the case of
+** an update, this is the rowid after the update takes place.
 **
 ** The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).
 **
 ** If another function was previously registered, its pArg value
 ** is returned.  Otherwise NULL is returned.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F12971} The [sqlite3_update_hook(D,F,P)] interface causes callback
+** {F12971} The [sqlite3_update_hook(D,F,P)] interface causes the callback
 **          function F to be invoked with first parameter P whenever
 **          a table row is modified, inserted, or deleted on
-**          [database connection] D.
+**          the [database connection] D.
 **
 ** {F12973} The [sqlite3_update_hook(D,F,P)] interface returns the value
 **          of P for the previous call on the same [database connection] D,
 **          or NULL for the first call.
 **
@@ -4553,34 +4852,33 @@
   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
   void*
 );
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache {F10330}
+** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache {F10330}
+** KEYWORDS: {shared cache} {shared cache mode}
 **
 ** This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
-** and schema data structures between connections to the same database.
-** Sharing is enabled if the argument is true and disabled if the argument
-** is false.
-**
-** Cache sharing is enabled and disabled
-** for an entire process. {END} This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0.
-** In prior versions of SQLite, sharing was
-** enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
+** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
+** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
+** and disabled if the argument is false.
+**
+** Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process. {END}
+** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
+** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
 **
 ** The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
 ** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.
 **
-** Virtual tables cannot be used with a shared cache.   When shared
+** Virtual tables cannot be used with a shared cache.  When shared
 ** cache is enabled, the [sqlite3_create_module()] API used to register
 ** virtual tables will always return an error.
 **
-** This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was
-** enabled or disabled successfully.  An [error code]
-** is returned otherwise.
+** This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
+** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.
 **
 ** Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
 ** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
 ** cache setting should set it explicitly.
 **
@@ -4599,53 +4897,50 @@
 ** {F10339} Shared cache is disabled by default.
 */
 int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Attempt To Free Heap Memory {F17340}
-**
-** The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to
-** free N bytes of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory
-** allocations held by the database labrary. {END}  Memory used
-** to cache database pages to improve performance is an example of
-** non-essential memory.  Sqlite3_release_memory() returns
-** the number of bytes actually freed, which might be more or less
-** than the amount requested.
+** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory {F17340}
+**
+** The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
+** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
+** held by the database library. {END}  Memory used to cache database
+** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
+** sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
+** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F17341} The [sqlite3_release_memory(N)] interface attempts to
 **          free N bytes of heap memory by deallocating non-essential
-**          memory allocations held by the database labrary.
+**          memory allocations held by the database library.
 **
 ** {F16342} The [sqlite3_release_memory(N)] returns the number
 **          of bytes actually freed, which might be more or less
 **          than the amount requested.
 */
 int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Impose A Limit On Heap Size {F17350}
-**
-** The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() interface
-** places a "soft" limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated
-** by SQLite. If an internal allocation is requested
-** that would exceed the soft heap limit, [sqlite3_release_memory()] is
-** invoked one or more times to free up some space before the allocation
-** is made.
-**
-** The limit is called "soft", because if
-** [sqlite3_release_memory()] cannot
-** free sufficient memory to prevent the limit from being exceeded,
+** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size {F17350}
+**
+** The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() interface places a "soft" limit
+** on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
+** If an internal allocation is requested that would exceed the
+** soft heap limit, [sqlite3_release_memory()] is invoked one or
+** more times to free up some space before the allocation is performed.
+**
+** The limit is called "soft", because if [sqlite3_release_memory()]
+** cannot free sufficient memory to prevent the limit from being exceeded,
 ** the memory is allocated anyway and the current operation proceeds.
 **
 ** A negative or zero value for N means that there is no soft heap limit and
 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] will only be called when memory is exhausted.
 ** The default value for the soft heap limit is zero.
 **
 ** SQLite makes a best effort to honor the soft heap limit.
-** But if the soft heap limit cannot honored, execution will
+** But if the soft heap limit cannot be honored, execution will
 ** continue without error or notification.  This is why the limit is
 ** called a "soft" limit.  It is advisory only.
 **
 ** Prior to SQLite version 3.5.0, this routine only constrained the memory
 ** allocated by a single thread - the same thread in which this routine
@@ -4684,56 +4979,54 @@
 **          values set by all prior calls.
 */
 void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table {F12850}
-**
-** This routine
-** returns meta-data about a specific column of a specific database
-** table accessible using the connection handle passed as the first function
-** argument.
+** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table {F12850}
+**
+** This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
+** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
+** passed as the first function argument.
 **
 ** The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
 ** this function. The second parameter is either the name of the database
 ** (i.e. "main", "temp" or an attached database) containing the specified
 ** table or NULL. If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
-** for the table using the same algorithm as the database engine uses to
+** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
 ** resolve unqualified table references.
 **
 ** The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
 ** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
 ** may be NULL.
 **
-** Meta information is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as
-** the 5th and subsequent parameters to this function. Any of these
-** arguments may be NULL, in which case the corresponding element of meta
-** information is ommitted.
-**
-** <pre>
-** Parameter     Output Type      Description
-** -----------------------------------
-**
-**   5th         const char*      Data type
-**   6th         const char*      Name of the default collation sequence
-**   7th         int              True if the column has a NOT NULL constraint
-**   8th         int              True if the column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
-**   9th         int              True if the column is AUTOINCREMENT
-** </pre>
-**
+** Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
+** and subsequent parameters to this function. Any of these arguments may be
+** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
+**
+** <blockquote>
+** <table border="1">
+** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
+**
+** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
+** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
+** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
+** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
+** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is AUTOINCREMENT
+** </table>
+** </blockquote>
 **
 ** The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
-** call to any sqlite API function.
-**
-** If the specified table is actually a view, then an error is returned.
+** call to any SQLite API function.
+**
+** If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
 **
 ** If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
 ** INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column has been explicitly declared, then the output
 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. If there is no
-** explicitly declared IPK column, then the output parameters are set as
-** follows:
+** explicitly declared INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column, then the output
+** parameters are set as follows:
 **
 ** <pre>
 **     data type: "INTEGER"
 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
 **     not null: 0
@@ -4741,15 +5034,15 @@
 **     auto increment: 0
 ** </pre>
 **
 ** This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
 ** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
-** cannot be found, an SQLITE error code is returned and an error message
-** left in the database handle (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).
+** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
+** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).
 **
 ** This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
-** SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA preprocessor symbol defined.
+** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
 */
 int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
@@ -4762,105 +5055,113 @@
 );
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension {F12600}
 **
-** {F12601} The sqlite3_load_extension() interface
-** attempts to load an SQLite extension library contained in the file
-** zFile. {F12602} The entry point is zProc. {F12603} zProc may be 0
-** in which case the name of the entry point defaults
-** to "sqlite3_extension_init".
-**
-** {F12604} The sqlite3_load_extension() interface shall
-** return [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
-**
-** {F12605}
-** If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
-** sqlite3_load_extension() interface shall attempt to fill *pzErrMsg with
-** error message text stored in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
-** {END}  The calling function should free this memory
-** by calling [sqlite3_free()].
-**
-** {F12606}
-** Extension loading must be enabled using [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()]
-** prior to calling this API or an error will be returned.
+** This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
+**
+** {F12601} The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
+**          SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
+**
+** {F12602} The entry point is zProc.
+**
+** {F12603} zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
+**          defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
+**
+** {F12604} The sqlite3_load_extension() interface shall return
+**          [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
+**
+** {F12605} If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
+**          [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
+**          fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
+**          obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. {END}  The calling function
+**          should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
+**
+** {F12606} Extension loading must be enabled using
+**          [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
+**          otherwise an error will be returned.
 */
 int sqlite3_load_extension(
   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
 );
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Enable Or Disable Extension Loading {F12620}
+** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading {F12620}
 **
 ** So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
 ** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
-** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following
-** API is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and
-** off.  {F12622} It is off by default. {END} See ticket #1863.
-**
-** {F12621} Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine
-** with onoff==1 to turn extension loading on
-** and call it with onoff==0 to turn it back off again. {END}
+** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
+** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
+**
+** Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
+**
+** {F12621} Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
+**          to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
+**          it back off again.
+**
+** {F12622} Extension loading is off by default.
 */
 int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Make Arrangements To Automatically Load An Extension {F12640}
 **
-** {F12641} This function
-** registers an extension entry point that is automatically invoked
-** whenever a new database connection is opened using
-** [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()]. {END}
-**
 ** This API can be invoked at program startup in order to register
 ** one or more statically linked extensions that will be available
-** to all new database connections.
-**
-** {F12642} Duplicate extensions are detected so calling this routine multiple
-** times with the same extension is harmless.
-**
-** {F12643} This routine stores a pointer to the extension in an array
-** that is obtained from sqlite_malloc(). {END} If you run a memory leak
-** checker on your program and it reports a leak because of this
-** array, then invoke [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()] prior
-** to shutdown to free the memory.
-**
-** {F12644} Automatic extensions apply across all threads. {END}
+** to all new [database connections]. {END}
+**
+** This routine stores a pointer to the extension in an array that is
+** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  If you run a memory leak checker
+** on your program and it reports a leak because of this array, invoke
+** [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()] prior to shutdown to free the memory.
 **
 ** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
 ** removal in future releases of SQLite.
-*/
-int sqlite3_auto_extension(void *xEntryPoint);
-
+**
+** {F12641} This function registers an extension entry point that is
+**          automatically invoked whenever a new [database connection]
+**          is opened using [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
+**          or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
+**
+** {F12642} Duplicate extensions are detected so calling this routine
+**          multiple times with the same extension is harmless.
+**
+** {F12643} This routine stores a pointer to the extension in an array
+**          that is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
+**
+** {F12644} Automatic extensions apply across all threads.
+*/
+int sqlite3_auto_extension(void *xEntryPoint);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading {F12660}
 **
-** {F12661} This function disables all previously registered
-** automatic extensions. {END}  This
-** routine undoes the effect of all prior [sqlite3_auto_extension()]
-** calls.
-**
-** {F12662} This call disabled automatic extensions in all threads. {END}
+** This function disables all previously registered automatic
+** extensions. {END}  It undoes the effect of all prior
+** [sqlite3_auto_extension()] calls.
 **
 ** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
 ** removal in future releases of SQLite.
-*/
-void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
-
+**
+** {F12661} This function disables all previously registered
+**          automatic extensions.
+**
+** {F12662} This function disables automatic extensions in all threads.
+*/
+void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
 
 /*
 ****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
 **
 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
 **
-** When the virtual-table mechanism stablizes, we will declare the
+** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
 */
 
 /*
 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
@@ -4875,10 +5176,13 @@
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module
 **
 ** A module is a class of virtual tables.  Each module is defined
 ** by an instance of the following structure.  This structure consists
 ** mostly of methods for the module.
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 struct sqlite3_module {
   int iVersion;
   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
                int argc, const char *const*argv,
@@ -4917,18 +5221,16 @@
 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the xBestIndex
 ** method of an sqlite3_module.  The fields under **Inputs** are the
 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
 **
-** The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the
-** form:
-**
-**         column OP expr
-**
-** Where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.
-** The particular operator is stored
-** in aConstraint[].op.  The index of the column is stored in
+** The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
+**
+** <pre>column OP expr</pre>
+**
+** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.  The particular operator is
+** stored in aConstraint[].op.  The index of the column is stored in
 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.  aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.
 **
 ** The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
@@ -4956,10 +5258,13 @@
 **
 ** The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
 ** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
 ** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
 ** cost of approximately log(N).
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 struct sqlite3_index_info {
   /* Inputs */
   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
@@ -4993,14 +5298,17 @@
 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation {F18200}
 **
-** This routine is used to register a new module name with an SQLite
-** connection.  Module names must be registered before creating new
-** virtual tables on the module, or before using preexisting virtual
-** tables of the module.
+** This routine is used to register a new module name with a
+** [database connection].  Module names must be registered before
+** creating new virtual tables on the module, or before using
+** preexisting virtual tables of the module.
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 int sqlite3_create_module(
   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
   const sqlite3_module *,    /* Methods for the module */
@@ -5008,11 +5316,11 @@
 );
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation {F18210}
 **
-** This routine is identical to the sqlite3_create_module() method above,
+** This routine is identical to the [sqlite3_create_module()] method above,
 ** except that it allows a destructor function to be specified. It is
 ** even more experimental than the rest of the virtual tables API.
 */
 int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
@@ -5026,23 +5334,26 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object {F18010}
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
 **
 ** Every module implementation uses a subclass of the following structure
 ** to describe a particular instance of the module.  Each subclass will
-** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.   The
-** purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are common
-** to all module implementations.
+** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
+** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
+** common to all module implementations.
 **
 ** Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
-** string obtained from sqlite3_mprintf() to zErrMsg.  The method should
-** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to sqlite3_free()
+** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
+** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  After the error message
 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.  Note
 ** that sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_free() are used on the zErrMsg field
 ** since virtual tables are commonly implemented in loadable extensions which
 ** do not have access to sqlite3MPrintf() or sqlite3Free().
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 struct sqlite3_vtab {
   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
   int nRef;                       /* Used internally */
   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
@@ -5059,10 +5370,13 @@
 ** xOpen method of the module.  Each module implementation will define
 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
 **
 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
 ** are common to all implementations.
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
 };
@@ -5071,10 +5385,13 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table {F18280}
 **
 ** The xCreate and xConnect methods of a module use the following API
 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
 ** the virtual tables they implement.
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zCreateTable);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table {F18300}
@@ -5086,11 +5403,11 @@
 ** This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.  The implementation
 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
-** purpose is to be a place-holder function that can be overloaded
+** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
 ** by virtual tables.
 **
 ** This API should be considered part of the virtual table interface,
 ** which is experimental and subject to change.
 */
@@ -5108,71 +5425,86 @@
 ****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
 */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB {F17800}
+** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
 **
 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
-** incremental I/O can be preformed.
-** Objects of this type are created by
-** [sqlite3_blob_open()] and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
+** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
+** Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
+** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
 ** The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
-** can be used to read or write small subsections of the blob.
-** The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the
-** blob in bytes.
+** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
+** The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
 */
 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O {F17810}
 **
-** This interfaces opens a handle to the blob located
+** This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
-** in other words,  the same blob that would be selected by:
+** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
 **
 ** <pre>
 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE rowid = iRow;
 ** </pre> {END}
 **
-** If the flags parameter is non-zero, the blob is opened for
-** read and write access. If it is zero, the blob is opened for read
-** access.
+** If the flags parameter is non-zero, the the BLOB is opened for read
+** and write access. If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
 **
 ** Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
 ** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
 ** is assigned when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
-** For the main database file, the database name is "main".  For
-** TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
-**
-** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new
-** [sqlite3_blob | blob handle] is written to *ppBlob.
-** Otherwise an error code is returned and
-** any value written to *ppBlob should not be used by the caller.
-** This function sets the database-handle error code and message
+** For the main database file, the database name is "main".
+** For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
+**
+** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
+** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and any value written
+** to *ppBlob should not be used by the caller.
+** This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
 ** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
+**
+** If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
+** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
+** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
+** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
+** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.
+** Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
+** a expired BLOB handle fail with an return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
+** Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
+** rollback by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
+** commit if the transaction continues to completion.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F17813} A successful invocation of the [sqlite3_blob_open(D,B,T,C,R,F,P)]
-**          interface opens an [sqlite3_blob] object P on the blob
-**          in column C of table T in database B on [database connection] D.
-**
-** {F17814} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_blob_open(D,...)] starts
-**          a new transaction on [database connection] D if that connection
-**          is not already in a transaction.
-**
-** {F17816} The [sqlite3_blob_open(D,B,T,C,R,F,P)] interface opens the blob
-**          for read and write access if and only if the F parameter
-**          is non-zero.
-**
-** {F17819} The [sqlite3_blob_open()] interface returns [SQLITE_OK] on
+**          interface shall open an [sqlite3_blob] object P on the BLOB
+**          in column C of the table T in the database B on
+**          the [database connection] D.
+**
+** {F17814} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_blob_open(D,...)] shall start
+**          a new transaction on the [database connection] D if that
+**          connection is not already in a transaction.
+**
+** {F17816} The [sqlite3_blob_open(D,B,T,C,R,F,P)] interface shall open
+**          the BLOB for read and write access if and only if the F
+**          parameter is non-zero.
+**
+** {F17819} The [sqlite3_blob_open()] interface shall return [SQLITE_OK] on
 **          success and an appropriate [error code] on failure.
 **
 ** {F17821} If an error occurs during evaluation of [sqlite3_blob_open(D,...)]
 **          then subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode(D)],
-**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] will return
-**          information approprate for that error.
+**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] shall return
+**          information appropriate for that error.
+**
+** {F17824} If any column in the row that a [sqlite3_blob] has open is
+**          changed by a separate [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statement or by
+**          an [ON CONFLICT] side effect, then the [sqlite3_blob] shall
+**          be marked as invalid.
 */
 int sqlite3_blob_open(
   sqlite3*,
   const char *zDb,
   const char *zTable,
@@ -5181,19 +5513,20 @@
   int flags,
   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
 );
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Close A BLOB Handle {F17830}
-**
-** Close an open [sqlite3_blob | blob handle].
+** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle {F17830}
+**
+** Closes an open [BLOB handle].
 **
 ** Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
 ** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
-** database connection is in autocommit mode.
+** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
 ** If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
 ** until the close operation if they will fit. {END}
+**
 ** Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
 ** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
 ** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  {F17833} Any errors that occur during
 ** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.
 **
@@ -5200,33 +5533,30 @@
 ** The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
 ** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F17833} The [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] interface closes an
-**          [sqlite3_blob] object P previously opened using
-**          [sqlite3_blob_open()].
+** {F17833} The [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] interface closes an [sqlite3_blob]
+**          object P previously opened using [sqlite3_blob_open()].
 **
 ** {F17836} Closing an [sqlite3_blob] object using
 **          [sqlite3_blob_close()] shall cause the current transaction to
 **          commit if there are no other open [sqlite3_blob] objects
 **          or [prepared statements] on the same [database connection] and
-**          the [database connection] is in
-**          [sqlite3_get_autocommit | autocommit mode].
-**
-** {F17839} The [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] interfaces closes the
+**          the database connection is in [autocommit mode].
+**
+** {F17839} The [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] interfaces shall close the
 **          [sqlite3_blob] object P unconditionally, even if
 **          [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] returns something other than [SQLITE_OK].
-**
 */
 int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Return The Size Of An Open BLOB {F17840}
-**
-** Return the size in bytes of the blob accessible via the open
-** [sqlite3_blob] object in its only argument.
+** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB {F17840}
+**
+** Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the open
+** []BLOB handle] in its only argument.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
 ** {F17843} The [sqlite3_blob_bytes(P)] interface returns the size
 **          in bytes of the BLOB that the [sqlite3_blob] object P
@@ -5233,124 +5563,143 @@
 **          refers to.
 */
 int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally {F17850}
-**
-** This function is used to read data from an open
-** [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] into a caller supplied buffer.
-** N bytes of data are copied into buffer
-** Z from the open blob, starting at offset iOffset.
-**
-** If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the blob,
+** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally {F17850}
+**
+** This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
+** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
+** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
+**
+** If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  If N or iOffset is
-** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
-**
-** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an
-** [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.
+** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
+**
+** An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
+** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
+**
+** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned.
+** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F17853} The [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface reads N bytes
-**          beginning at offset X from
-**          the blob that [sqlite3_blob] object P refers to
-**          and writes those N bytes into buffer Z.
-**
-** {F17856} In [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] if the size of the blob
-**          is less than N+X bytes, then the function returns [SQLITE_ERROR]
-**          and nothing is read from the blob.
+** {F17853} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)]
+**          shall reads N bytes of data out of the BLOB referenced by
+**          [BLOB handle] P beginning at offset X and store those bytes
+**          into buffer Z.
+**
+** {F17856} In [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] if the size of the BLOB
+**          is less than N+X bytes, then the function shall leave the
+**          Z buffer unchanged and return [SQLITE_ERROR].
 **
 ** {F17859} In [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] if X or N is less than zero
-**          then the function returns [SQLITE_ERROR]
-**          and nothing is read from the blob.
-**
-** {F17862} The [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
-**          if N bytes where successfully read into buffer Z.
+**          then the function shall leave the Z buffer unchanged
+**          and return [SQLITE_ERROR].
+**
+** {F17862} The [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface shall return [SQLITE_OK]
+**          if N bytes are successfully read into buffer Z.
+**
+** {F17863} If the [BLOB handle] P is expired and X and N are within bounds
+**          then [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] shall leave the Z buffer
+**          unchanged and return [SQLITE_ABORT].
 **
 ** {F17865} If the requested read could not be completed,
-**          the [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns an
+**          the [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface shall return an
 **          appropriate [error code] or [extended error code].
 **
 ** {F17868} If an error occurs during evaluation of [sqlite3_blob_read(P,...)]
 **          then subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode(D)],
-**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] will return
-**          information approprate for that error, where D is the
-**          database handle that was used to open blob handle P.
+**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] shall return
+**          information appropriate for that error, where D is the
+**          [database connection] that was used to open the [BLOB handle] P.
 */
 int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally {F17870}
-**
-** This function is used to write data into an open
-** [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] from a user supplied buffer.
-** n bytes of data are copied from the buffer
-** pointed to by z into the open blob, starting at offset iOffset.
-**
-** If the [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] passed as the first argument
-** was not opened for writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()]
-*** was zero), this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
-**
-** This function may only modify the contents of the blob; it is
-** not possible to increase the size of a blob using this API.
-** If offset iOffset is less than n bytes from the end of the blob,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  If n is
+** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally {F17870}
+**
+** This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
+** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
+** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
+**
+** If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
+** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
+** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
+**
+** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
+** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
+** If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
+** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  If N is
 ** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
 **
-** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an
-** [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.
+** An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
+** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  Writes to the BLOB that occurred
+** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
+** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
+** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
+** or by other independent statements.
+**
+** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned.
+** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.
 **
 ** INVARIANTS:
 **
-** {F17873} The [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface writes N bytes
-**          from buffer Z into
-**          the blob that [sqlite3_blob] object P refers to
-**          beginning at an offset of X into the blob.
-**
-** {F17875} The [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns
-**          [SQLITE_READONLY] if the [sqlite3_blob] object P was
-**          [sqlite3_blob_open | opened] for reading only.
-**
-** {F17876} In [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] if the size of the blob
-**          is less than N+X bytes, then the function returns [SQLITE_ERROR]
-**          and nothing is written into the blob.
-**
-** {F17879} In [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] if X or N is less than zero
-**          then the function returns [SQLITE_ERROR]
-**          and nothing is written into the blob.
-**
-** {F17882} The [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
-**          if N bytes where successfully written into blob.
+** {F17873} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)]
+**          shall write N bytes of data from buffer Z into the BLOB
+**          referenced by [BLOB handle] P beginning at offset X into
+**          the BLOB.
+**
+** {F17874} In the absence of other overridding changes, the changes
+**          written to a BLOB by [sqlite3_blob_write()] shall
+**          remain in effect after the associated [BLOB handle] expires.
+**
+** {F17875} If the [BLOB handle] P was opened for reading only then
+**          an invocation of [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] shall leave
+**          the referenced BLOB unchanged and return [SQLITE_READONLY].
+**
+** {F17876} If the size of the BLOB referenced by [BLOB handle] P is
+**          less than N+X bytes then [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] shall
+**          leave the BLOB unchanged and return [SQLITE_ERROR].
+**
+** {F17877} If the [BLOB handle] P is expired and X and N are within bounds
+**          then [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] shall leave the BLOB
+**          unchanged and return [SQLITE_ABORT].
+**
+** {F17879} If X or N are less than zero then [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)]
+**          shall leave the BLOB referenced by [BLOB handle] P unchanged
+**          and return [SQLITE_ERROR].
+**
+** {F17882} The [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface shall return
+**          [SQLITE_OK] if N bytes where successfully written into the BLOB.
 **
 ** {F17885} If the requested write could not be completed,
-**          the [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns an
+**          the [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface shall return an
 **          appropriate [error code] or [extended error code].
 **
 ** {F17888} If an error occurs during evaluation of [sqlite3_blob_write(D,...)]
 **          then subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode(D)],
-**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] will return
-**          information approprate for that error.
+**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] shall return
+**          information appropriate for that error.
 */
 int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF:  Virtual File System Objects {F11200}
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects {F11200}
 **
 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
 ** that SQLite uses to interact
 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
 ** The following interfaces are provided.
 **
-** The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to
-** a VFS given its name.  Names are case sensitive.
+** The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
+** Names are case sensitive.
 ** Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
-** If there is no match, a NULL
-** pointer is returned.  If zVfsName is NULL then the default
-** VFS is returned.
+** If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
+** If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
 **
 ** New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
 ** Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
 ** The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
 ** To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
@@ -5380,13 +5729,12 @@
 **          by the zName field of the object.
 **
 ** {F11212} Using the [sqlite3_vfs_register(P,F)] interface to register
 **          the same [sqlite3_vfs] object multiple times is a harmless no-op.
 **
-** {F11215} The [sqlite3_vfs_register(P,F)] interface makes the
-**          the [sqlite3_vfs] object P the default [sqlite3_vfs] object
-**          if F is non-zero.
+** {F11215} The [sqlite3_vfs_register(P,F)] interface makes the [sqlite3_vfs]
+**          object P the default [sqlite3_vfs] object if F is non-zero.
 **
 ** {F11218} The [sqlite3_vfs_unregister(P)] interface unregisters the
 **          [sqlite3_vfs] object P so that it is no longer returned by
 **          subsequent calls to [sqlite3_vfs_find()].
 */
@@ -5396,11 +5744,11 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes {F17000}
 **
 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
-** synchronization.  Though they are intended for internal
+** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
 **
 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
@@ -5416,20 +5764,19 @@
 **
 ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
 ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
-** are appropriate for use on os/2, unix, and windows.
+** are appropriate for use on OS/2, Unix, and Windows.
 **
 ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
-** implementation is included with the library.  The
-** mutex interface routines defined here become external
-** references in the SQLite library for which implementations
-** must be provided by the application.  This facility allows an
-** application that links against SQLite to provide its own mutex
-** implementation without having to modify the SQLite core.
+** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
+** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
+** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
+** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
 **
 ** {F17011} The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. {F17012} If it returns NULL
 ** that means that a mutex could not be allocated. {F17013} SQLite
 ** will unwind its stack and return an error. {F17014} The argument
@@ -5442,11 +5789,11 @@
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
-** </ul> {END}
+** </ul>
 **
 ** {F17015} The first two constants cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
 ** a new mutex.  The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used. {END}
 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
@@ -5466,42 +5813,46 @@
 **
 ** {F17018} Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  {F17034} But for the static
 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
-** the same type number. {END}
+** the same type number.
 **
 ** {F17019} The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
 ** allocated dynamic mutex. {F17020} SQLite is careful to deallocate every
-** dynamic mutex that it allocates. {U17021} The dynamic mutexes must not be in
-** use when they are deallocated. {U17022} Attempting to deallocate a static
+** dynamic mutex that it allocates. {A17021} The dynamic mutexes must not be in
+** use when they are deallocated. {A17022} Attempting to deallocate a static
 ** mutex results in undefined behavior. {F17023} SQLite never deallocates
 ** a static mutex. {END}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
 ** to enter a mutex. {F17024} If another thread is already within the mutex,
 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
-** SQLITE_BUSY. {F17025}  The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns SQLITE_OK
+** SQLITE_BUSY. {F17025}  The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
 ** upon successful entry.  {F17026} Mutexes created using
 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
 ** {F17027} In such cases the,
 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
-** can enter.  {U17028} If the same thread tries to enter any other
+** can enter.  {A17028} If the same thread tries to enter any other
 ** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
 ** {F17029} SQLite will never exhibit
-** such behavior in its own use of mutexes. {END}
-**
-** Some systems (ex: windows95) do not the operation implemented by
-** sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try() will
-** always return SQLITE_BUSY.  {F17030} The SQLite core only ever uses
-** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior. {END}
+** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.
+**
+** Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
+** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
+** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  {F17030} The SQLite core only ever uses
+** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.
 **
 ** {F17031} The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
-** previously entered by the same thread.  {U17032} The behavior
+** previously entered by the same thread.  {A17032} The behavior
 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  {F17033} SQLite will
 ** never do either. {END}
+**
+** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
+** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
+** behave as no-ops.
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
 */
 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
 void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
@@ -5508,30 +5859,91 @@
 void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
 int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
 void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verifcation Routines {F17080}
+** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object {F17120}
+**
+** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
+** used to allocate and use mutexes.
+**
+** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
+** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
+** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
+** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
+** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
+** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
+** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
+** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
+** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
+**
+** The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
+** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
+** {F17001} The xMutexInit routine shall be called by SQLite once for each
+** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
+**
+** The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
+** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
+** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
+** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
+** those obtained by the xMutexInit method. {F17003} The xMutexEnd()
+** interface shall be invoked once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
+**
+** The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
+** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
+** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
+**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
+** </ul>
+**
+** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
+** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
+** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
+** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
+** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
+** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
+** it is passed a NULL pointer).
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
+struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
+  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
+  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
+  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
+  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
+};
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines {F17080}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements. {F17081} The SQLite core
 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  {F17082} The core only
 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
-** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  {U17087} External mutex implementations
+** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  {A17087} External mutex implementations
 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
 **
 ** {F17083} These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
-** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread. {END}
+** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
 **
 ** {X17084} The implementation is not required to provided versions of these
-** routines that actually work.
-** If the implementation does not provide working
-** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs
-** that always return true so that one does not get spurious
-** assertion failures. {END}
+** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
+** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
+** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
 **
 ** {F17085} If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
 ** the routine should return 1.  {END} This seems counter-intuitive since
 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But the
 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
@@ -5545,11 +5957,11 @@
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types {F17001}
 **
 ** {F17002} The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
-** which is one of these integer constants. {END}
+** which is one of these integer constants.
 */
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
@@ -5573,12 +5985,12 @@
 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
 **
 ** {F11306} If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned. {F11307} This error
 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
-** or [sqlite3_errmsg()]. {U11308} The underlying xFileControl method might
-** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  {U11309} There is no way to distinguish between
+** or [sqlite3_errmsg()]. {A11308} The underlying xFileControl method might
+** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  {A11309} There is no way to distinguish between
 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
 ** xFileControl method. {END}
 **
 ** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
 */
@@ -5587,11 +5999,11 @@
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface {F11400}
 **
 ** The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
-** purposes.  The first parameter a operation code that determines
+** purposes.  The first parameter is an operation code that determines
 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
 **
 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
@@ -5607,23 +6019,110 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes {F11410}
 **
 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
 **
-** These parameters and their meansing are subject to change
+** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
 */
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_CONFIG             1
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_FAILURES           2
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_BENIGN_FAILURES    3
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_PENDING            4
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status {F17200}
+**
+** This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
+** about the preformance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
+** highwater marks.  The first argument is an integer code for
+** the specific parameter to measure.  Recognized integer codes
+** are of the form [SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED | SQLITE_STATUS_...].
+** The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
+** The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  If the
+** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
+** *pHighwater is written. Some parameters do not record the highest
+** value.  For those parameters
+** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.
+** Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
+** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.
+**
+** This routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero
+** [error code] on failure.
+**
+** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can
+** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
+** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
+** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
+** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
+** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
+**
+** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
+** removal in future releases of SQLite.
+*/
+int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters {F17250}
+**
+** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
+** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
+** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
+** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
+** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
+** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
+** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
+** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
+** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
+** page cache buffer configured using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
+** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
+** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
+** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
+** scratch allocation lookaside buffer configured using
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
+** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one allocation
+** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
+** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
+** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
+** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].</dd>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
+** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
+** internal equivalents).  The value of interest is return in the
+** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()].  The value written
+** into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>
+** </dl>
+**
+** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
 
 
 /*
 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
 ** builds on processors without floating point support.